HOMEWORK 2016-2017

1.- Written language versus spoken language (before starting the unit)
*As you know, we should bear in mind the differences between spoken and
written language if we want to speak and to write in an effective way.
Identify if these statements refer to spoken or written language.

a During the communicative process, one can modify his / her

message to achieve the best effect.
b The style is usually more formal.
c The style is more direct and easier to understand.
d The personal interaction is more direct.
e There is a great use of non-verbal clues.
f It is a more primitive form of communication.
g Some of its characteristics are freshness and immediacy.
h The sentences are usually well formed.
i Sentences are linked in such a way that they form part of a unit.
Cohesion is necessary.
j It is frequent to refer to the same thing in different ways in order
to achieve clarity.
k One usually has time to think about what to say and how to say
it.
l The language is slow, redundant, and full of hesitations.
m The language is intended to be compressed, compact; it has a
lot of information in every sentence.
n There is a great use of passive voice and relative clauses.

2.- Watch the video Decoding Deceptive Body Language.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zg2j3w6yY0A
In the presentation, the speaker gives information about different parts of
the body. What does he say about.?

Eyes

Face

Tongue

Hands

Palms

Gestures

Feet
Legs

Ankles

3.- Click on Google Presentation signposting and make a list of 20 of the

expressions you can find. Then, fulfill the table below.

Examples of signposting

For introducing a topic

For stating the aim of the

presentation

For providing an outline of the

presentation

For starting a new section

For linking one point to the next

For clarifying

For introducing a recommendation

For concluding

For inviting the audience to ask

questions

For describing graphs

4.- Watch the video As we speak how to make your point and have it stick.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PywNCg-BBqM
In this presentation, the speaker gives information about the classic
narrative structure. What does he say about.?

Architect
ure
Techniqu
e
Metaphor

Delivery

Voice

Breathing

silence
Eye
contact
State

Minds
eye
Beliefs

What does the presenter do for giving the conclusion?

5.- Make a presentation like Steve Jobs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=WYMBntzoKwQ
*Watch the presentation and answer the following questions.
25

1 What does Steve Jobs do in his presentations?

2 Which are the two sentences for welcoming the audience?
3 Which is the sentence that Steve Jobs says to set the theme?
4 How many sections has his presentation been divided into?
5 Why is it important to use transitions?
6 Which words does Steve Jobs use to sound enthusiastic?
7 What does the presenter have to do in order to make numbers
and figures meaningful?
8 How many images does Steve Jobs recommend per each slide?
9 Why do his presentations look effortless?
10 Which sentence does Steve Jobs say for leaving the right
impression on the audience?

6.- Write a summary (200 words) of the information provided by all the
members of the group in the jigsaw reading activity. (After first session)

7.- *Watch the video How to start a speech giving advice on how to start
a presentation and on how get the audience attention. The video is in Unit 4
in Moodle. Answer the following questions.

1. Which are the first words that

most speakers say in their
speech?
2. Which is the signal to take the
blackberry out?
3. Why do speakers hesitate?
4. Write down the three ways of
starting a speech effectively
5. Write down the examples he
gives for the three ways of
starting a speech
6. Which is the power of the words
Once upon a time?
7. What do speakers achieve when
 they make a pause?

8. Pronunciation awareness. (After first session)

*watch them, practice and write a review of 100 words

*Remember that in the written assignment there will be questions about
these videos. Please, do not copy the information you find in Youtube.

PRONUNCIATION SKILLS WITH ADRIAN UNDERHILL.

*Click on the right for watching all the videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kAPHyHd7Lo

PRONUNCIATION SKILLS WITH JADE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWes7irLOzI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7SWETadMn0

MISCELLANEOUS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAc-hprkoo8

9.- Watch the video How to open and close a talk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nk44-1uPUjI and write about those
aspects of this presentation that you found most helpful and striking.

10.- Sam Behars presentation. (After the second session)

* Plan and practice saying the introduction of Sam Behars presentation by
completing the notes below. You have to be ready to present it in class.
*Remember to check the pronunciation of any new or unfamiliar words
beforehand.

Good. Thanks for coming

Im/My name is. and as you know

Im

This morning Im going to talk to you about/tell you/show you/report

on/inform you about

The purpose/aim of this talk is to update you on/to give you the
background to/to learn about


..

I have divided my talk into ..parts/sections.

First/first of all,
Ill

 Then/secondly,
Ill
.
And, finally,
Ill

*Plan and practice saying the conclusion of Sam Behars presentation. Take
into account the notes of exercise 9. It is important you use some of the
fixed expressions of the table.
*Plan and practice saying the middle part of Sam Behars presentation. It is
not necessary to learn all the information only the main ideas of each
section
*Be ready to give a 3-minute presentation about ASAT machines.
11.- Technical Terms

*Match each term with its definition.

*Look up these words in the dictionary and rehearse their pronunciation

A. Turbine G. Inlet,
B. Afterburner H. Combustor
C. Compressor I. Gas Turbine
D. Lift J. Nozzle
E. Core K. Exhaust
F. Fan L. Thrust

1 It is an assembly aft of the turbine section that supplies atomized fuel

into the exhaust airflow to increase exhaust temperature and pressure.
They use large quantities of fuel.

2 In it, compressed air generated by the compressor is mixed with fuel and
then ignited. Nozzles spray fuel into the stream of air and the mixture of
air and fuel is ignited providing an extremely hot and powerful airflow.
The fuel burns with the oxygen in the compressed air, producing hot
expanding gases.

3 It is the first component in the core of the engine. It is made up of a

series of fans with many blades and is attached to the shaft.

4 This part of the engine is aft of the fan module and forward of the
turbine stator case and is made up of three components: compressor
rotor and stator, combustion liner and Stage 1 HPT nozzle.
5 This section is located behind the turbine section and at the rear of the
engine. It is made up of either a fixed or variable nozzle assembly,
depending on the aircraft application.

6 It is the first component on the engine. Most blades of it are made of

titanium.
 7 Another term for an aircraft engine.

8 It sends air to the forward end of the compressor. It is aerodynamically

designed to insure a smooth, evenly distributed airflow into the engine.

9 A force that pushes objects upward.

10 It is the exhaust duct of the engine. This is the engine part that actually
produces the thrust for the plane.

11 The forward force that pushes the engine and, therefore, the airplane
forward. Sir Isaac Newton discovered that for "every action there is an
equal and opposite reaction."

12 Located behind the combustor, this section uses energy in the rapidly
moving, hot gases coming out of the combustion section to turn a shaft
to drive the compressor and other engine accessories.

12.-Inside a Jet Engine. (After second session)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Se95JOn0DTY

*Listen and complete the gaps.

*With a red pen, underline sentences which are used for building up a
good relationship with the audience
*With a blue pen, underline useful expressions for signposting and for
giving clues to the audience when a process or drawing is explained.

Have you ever wondered how jet engines push airplanes through the air at
high speed?

Let's ---------------- at the inside of a turbofan engine, a type of jet engine

that's commonly found on ----------------and business jets.

----------------the engine there is a large ----------------. The fan spins quickly like
a propeller and provides a large amount of thrust. Most of the air that the
fan pushes head straight out the back of the engine and pushes the aircraft
----------------.

Some of the air that has passed through the fan enters a smaller section of
the engine containing many spinning ----------------, essentially fans with
many ----------------.

This ----------------of the engine is where power is produced from fuel.

---------------- the air enters the first section of the engine, called the
----------------, the turbines compress and heat the air.

----------------the compressor section there are a series of burners where fuel

is pumped into the engine. ----------------the fuel burns and ----------------, it
shoots towards the back of the engine.

----------------the exhaust passes out of the engine it spins several turbines

that act like small windmills, spinning in the ---------------- stream. The
exhaust turbines are connected to the compressor turbines and cause them
to spin, drawing more air into the engine and compressing it.

---------------- of exhaust turbines actually spin the large fan (at the front of
the engine).

The ---------------- from a jet engine is actually produced by a combination of

the large fan at its front and the hot exhaust shooting at the back of it.

Pretty simple, right? Now you know what powers airplanes and keeps them
flying through the sky.

13.-
* Plan and practice saying the introduction of Inside Jet Engine presentation.
It is vital that you use signposters. Please, use those signposters that were
new for you.
*Plan and practice saying the conclusion of Jet Engine presentation. Take
into account the notes of exercise 9 of the Oral Presentation document. It is
important you use some of the fixed expressions of the table.
* Plan and practice saying the middle part of Jet Engine presentation to
present in class. Remember to check the pronunciation of any new or
unfamiliar words beforehand.
*Be ready to give a 3-minute presentation about Jet Engines in class. It
should include:

An introduction
a general description of the entity
a division of the device into components
an explanation of the sequences of the operation
a conclusion

*This video without the soundtrack (https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Se95JOn0DTY)
can be very helpful as visual aid.
*Rehearse, rehearse and rehearse!

14.- Airbus presentation about the Global Market Forecast 2012-2031. 15

*Watch the video again and answer the following questions. 10

1.-How many people do live in cities nowadays?

A.-about five million of the people
B.- about fifty percent of the world's population
C.-about fifteen percent of the world's population
D.- about sixty percent of the world's population

2.-How does the airline industry measure middle class?

A.- by examining middle class which will grow to two five billion in twenty
years
B.-by looking at the chart where it can be seen that middle class is two
billion
C.- by looking at daily expenditures between ten and a hundred dollars
D.-by looking at expenditures between two and five million

3.-Which countries experience a greater economic growth?

A.- the emerging European countries
B.- the European regions
C.-countries with emerging industries
D.- the emerging regions

4.-Why can the airline industry stimulate traffic?

A.- Because it can become more efficient by cutting almost ten percent of
their costs out of the
cost base
B.-Because it takes more profits in a crisis
C.- Because it can lower the fares and can be more competitive
D.-Because there is a growing middle class in some developed countries

5.- What does the presenter mean with the following this bright sunshine is
also some dark clouds on the horizon?
A.-although the overall cost base is reduced, fuel is still a salient factor due
to its cost
B.-the price of fuel could negatively impact the maintenance of aircraft
C.-high petrol prices could have a negative impact on the upcoming tourist
season.
D.-although regular fluctuations occur, the price of fuel has been steadily
rising for decades

6.-Describe the trend observed in freight.

A.- international freight traffic has changed reducing 8.2%
B.-last year companies consumed all the freight demands
C.-eight hundred fifty one new freighter aircraft are mainly destined every
season for North America and the Asia Pacific region
D.- freight is growing slower today than it did some years in the past

15.- Business terms 15

*Presenting is not just about giving information, but also about commenting
on it. Listen to the presentation again and fill in the gaps with information
provided by the presenter. The first one is already done for you

1.-() cities is a driver so, what we see here is in twenty years that -grows
to--- sixty percent ()
2.- () when you're living in cities, what we see is that the ---------------- is
higher and you could see it from the propensity of travel ()
3.- () as the ---------------- urbanization ---------------- so does your
propensity of travel ()
4.- () this goes hand-in-hand with the trend I showed earlier where
---------------- fifty percent organization ---------------- sixty percent
organization in twenty years ()
5.- () but the ---------------- is what we look at ()
6.- () the ---------------- is ---------------- the emerging regions()
7.- ()the airline industry has been able to optimize, ---------------- by
cutting almost fifty percent of their costs ---------------- the cost base()
8.- ()it doesn't mean that they take more ----------------, ----------------, but
it also means that ()
9.- because clearly as ----------------, one cost factor stands out more
today
10.- ()the ---------------- the price of fuel has on airline's ability to make
management of cost is ----------------today ---------------- it was thirty forty
years ago()
11.- Clearly, in freight, emerging economies are ---------------- ()
12.- ()if you think about freight there has been ---------------- ()
13.- ()in summer months, one company consumed all of the freight
---------------- in one month()
14.- () this is the process, this is a twenty-year ----------------it is the most
robust transparent, comprehensive forecast in the industry ()

*Choose words from the box to complete the sentences below.

strong , on average, well positioned, the growth rate, flat, tremendous, , stable,
dramatically enormous

1.-since the year two thousand those emerging markets are opening up very
----------------
2.-we're seeing ---------------- growth in places like for example United States
and United Kingdom
3.-every man woman and child ---------------- takes about three trips a year
in United Kingdom and the United States
4.-..in China right now ----------------is one trip for every five people while
in India it's one trip
5.-we were very ----------------in China, in India, in Latin America and Africa
6.-if you look at these different markets the United States for example is
essentially ----------------
7.-the fact is this ---------------- growth in places like Latin America and India
8.-if you look at demand for aircraft you can see the Middle East
----------------demand
9.-what we've seen is that vising friends and relatives is a ----------------
factor through ten years

*Which is the opposite?

Adjective /adverb opposite

dramatically gradually/steadily
enormous
Well positioned
tremendous
strong

16.-Taylor Wilson: My radical plan for small nuclear fission reactors

https://www.ted.com/talks/taylor_wilson_my_radical_plan_for_small_nuclea
r_fission_reactors/transcript?language=en

Does he consider the always often From time never

audience? to time

How well Is his presentation Extremely Quite well Moderately Not at all
prepared? How well Is the well well well
information organized?
How relevant and interesting is Extremely Quite Moderately Not at all
the content? relevant relevant relevant relevant
 and and and and
interesting interestin interesting interesting
g
Does he speak clearly and at Yes No
the right speed?
How appropriate is the Extremely Quite Moderately Not at all
language he uses? appropriate appropria appropriate appropriat
te e
How effective is his body to Extremely Quite Moderately Not at all
emphasize meaning? effective effective effective effective
Does he maintain eye contact always often From time never
with the audience? to time
How confident and positive Extremely Quite Moderately Not at all
does he appear? confident confident confident confident
and and and and
positive positive positive positive
How clear are the visual aids? Extremely Quite Moderately Not at all
Do they support his message? clear clear clear clear

*Which are the topic and the objectives of the presentation?

*Give examples of sentences that he says to link parts together

17.- Signposting
*Study these examples of signaling devices. Match the examples from
column A with the headings from column B. Indicate your answers like this:
A 12. The first one has already been done for you.

A I am gonna talk about the impact. 1. Drawing a conclusion

B what we see here 2. summarizing
C the bigger the cities, the more 3. Enumerating points
population you're gonna find
D our question is What does the 4. Rhetorical questions
demographic chart look like?
E we talked about the economy, we 5. Indicating the start of a new section
talked about people but the other major
enabler is
F it's the airline industry and without 6. Involving the audience
the airline industry we wouldn't have
the seats and we wouldn't have the
networks
G the last point uh... that I want to bring 7. Signposting the route ahead
up uh... is the impact of freight
H good example of this is ... 8. Making a comparison
I you can imagine up 9. Emphasizing points
J so that covers what I want to talk 10.Referring to a visual aid
K Firstly ...secondly ... thirdly ... lastly 11.Giving examples
L To sum up, 12.Introducing the topic
M what's happening here and I'm 13.Explaining
thinking about in terms of context is

18.- Focusing 10
*Simple emphasis may not be enough if you really want to get the attention
of your audience. In English there is a way you can focus key points so that
everyone knows you want them to listen to what you have to say next. Look
at this example:

Id like to discuss this question from two different angles.

What Id like to do is discuss this question from two different angles.

Notice how the "What .... is ....." pattern builds up the anticipation
of the audience.

* focus the sentences in the same way in order to draw the attention of the
audience
1.-I would like to spend just a little bit of time talking about a topic that John
mentioned before
What
2.-I want to talk a little further about how that factor impacts the forecast
when we look at the graph
What
3.-I am trying to show here that clearly Asia-pacific is the growth machine
What
4.-Ive seen that something as simple as visiting friends and relatives was
stable through ten years
What
5.-It is interesting that the population grows to eight point five billion in
twenty years
What
6.-It just changes the slope of the growth in the economy
What

19.- Rhetorical questions10

*Read the statements below and write a rhetorical question that could go
after each of them.

We have solved the problem How did we

do this?
The costumer insists that we increase internal security
We have increased market share in Europe
To tell the truth I found this quite a difficult task

20.-. Time expressions and tenses

* Complete these extracts from the Airbus presentation about the Global
Market Forecast 2012-2031. Use the time expressions to help you choose
the correct tense of the verb: past simple, present perfect, present simple,
present continuous. Then decide which time zone each extract falls into.
The first one has been done for you.

A FINISHED TIME. (The company was bought in 2001)

B UNFINISHED TIME . (Weve had some difficulties recently)
C PRESENT TIME . (We employ 250 in the plant)

1over the last thirty years you've seen (see) the airline industry has been able
(be able) to become more efficient by cutting. B
2 the propensity to travel when you' ---------------- (live) in cities is higher
3..we' ---------------- (move) from fifty percent organization to sixty
percent organization in twenty years
4.... one cost factor which ---------------- (stand out) more today is fuel
5. if you think about freight, there ---------------- (be) a change; freight
---------------- (grow) slower today than it ---------------- (do) some years in the
past
6 I'm reminded that recently uh... in the summer months one
company ---------------- (consume) all of the freight demands
7but the trend is, what we look at, today around uh...two billion uh... in
this middle class which ---------------- (grow) to two five billion in twenty years
and ---------------- (wear) a growth which ---------------- (come) from the
emerging regions
8 another factor we've seen that---------------- (be) stable through ten
years ---------------- (be) something as simple as visiting friends and relatives
9.and this is a phenomenon of the last thirty years that we' ----------------
(discover) now

21.- Describing trends

*If you describe a lot of trends, use a variety of vocabulary and be dramatic.
For instance: In Sales rocketed in the third quarter and Sales increased
significantly in the third quarter, the former expression tells the audience
less than the second one.

* A collocation is two or more words that often go together. For instance:

fast food or quick meals sound right to native English speakers, who use
them all the time. On the other hand, other combinations such as quick
food or fast meals sound wrong.

*Click on http://www.just-the-word.com/ , then enter a word and finally, click

on combinations. The aim is to find the best combinations of some words
used for describing graphs.

Words Combinatio Example from the corpus1

n
Increase
Adjective(A Significant That would mean significant increases in the pric
DJ)+noun increase e of electricity for consumers.

Verb+adver Increase The cost of claims has increased dramatically.

b (ADV) dramatical
ly
Adverb(AD Greatly Numbers everywhere greatly increase in very sever
V)+ verb increase e weather.

With Increase Any swing will be increased by the inertia of the

preposition by glider
s
Decrease
Adjective(A
DJ)+noun
Verb+adver

1 Click on the combination and get examples of sentences which include

the word
b (ADV)
Adverb(AD
V)+ verb
With
preposition
s
Rise
Adjective(A
DJ)+noun
Verb+adver
b (ADV)
With
preposition
s
Adverb(AD
V)+ verb
Drop
Adjective(A
DJ)+noun
Verb+adver
b (ADV)
Adverb(AD
V)+ verb
With
preposition
s
Result
Adjective(A
DJ)+noun
Verb+adver
b (ADV)
Adverb(AD
V)+ verb
With
preposition
s
Fall
Adjective(A
DJ)+noun
Verb+adver
b (ADV)
Adverb(AD
V)+ verb
Adverb(AD
V)+ verb
With
preposition
s
Recover
Adjective(A
DJ)+noun
(recovery)
Verb+adver
b (ADV)
Adverb(AD
V)+ verb
With
preposition
s
Stabilise
Adjective(A
DJ)+noun
Verb+adver
b (ADV)
Adverb(AD
V)+ verb
With
preposition
s