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ASSIGNMENT
SAKURA FERROALLOYS COMPANY
N NAME MATRIC
O NO
1 MOHAMMAD NAZMIN BIN BAKRI 1142333
2 MOHD ZULHILMI BIN MOHD NOOR 1142344
3 MOHAMAD TARMIZI BIN MOHD NASIR 1142367
4 MUHAMMAD NAIM BIN MOHD IDRIS 1142376
5 MUHAMMAD SYUKRI BIN MOHD KHUSAINI 1142379
6 MUHAMMAD ANAS YUZAIRI BIN MOHD YUSRI 1142388
INTRODUCTION
Ferroalloys are known as master alloys containing iron and one or more non-
ferrous metals as alloying elements. There are two classes of ferroalloys which are
bulk ferroalloys and special ferroalloys. Bulk ferroalloys are produced in large
quantities in electric arc furnaces and are usually used in steel making and steel or
iron foundries. While on the other hand, special ferroalloys are produced in smaller
quantities, but with growing importance and with more various use.
The use of electric furnaces and reaction crucibles are generally involved in
production of ferroalloys into natural products such as quartz, lime and various ores,
wood and others. With relatively fluctuating physical composition are loaded.
As there are primary and secondary raw material, the production of ferroalloys
can be carried out as primary or secondary process depends on the raw material used.
The principle chemistry of both process is shown in Figure 1.0.
Figure 1.0 Simplified process scheme for primary (top left) and secondary (bottom
right) production of ferroalloys.
The primary process can be either carbo-thermic of metallo-thermic reduction
of oxidic ores or concentrates. In the carbo-thermic reduction (the most important
process), carbon in the form of coke (metallurgical coke), coal or charcoal is used as
the reducing agent. When the blast furnace is used, coke is also needed as an energy
source. To account for this, the process scheme also contains a fuel input and
combustion emissions output. Metallo-thermic reduction is mainly carried out with
either silicon or aluminum as the reducing agent.
PRODUCT