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Question 7 (5 marks)
A continuous random variable X has cumulative probability distribution function
x2
FX (x) = x , 0x2.
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(a) Evaluate the conditional probability P (X > 1|X > 0.5).
(b) What is the probability density function of X?
(c) Evaluate the expected value of X.
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Question 8 (12 marks)
As it is easier to measure the refractive index of glass fragments rather than density,
it is useful to fit an equation which enables the prediction of density from refractive
index. Excel was used to analyze measurements of refractive index and density
(in g/cm3 ) for 18 glass pieces. Use the output below to help answer the following
questions.
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.9608
R Square 0.9231
Adjusted R Square 0.9183
Standard Error 0.004069
Observations 18
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value
Intercept -3.6860 0.4458 -8.2682 3.6058E-07
Index 4.0697 0.2937 13.8561 2.4952E-09
(a) On the basis of the scatter plot, discuss whether the form of the fitted equation
appears to appropriate for these data.
(b) One piece of glass included in the data set has refractive index 1.5158 and
density 2.4765 g/cm3 . Evaluate the predicted density and the residual for
this data point.
(c) Under what circumstances is it valid to use the fitted equation to make pre-
dictions at values of the refractive index which were not included in the data
set?
(d) What proportion of variation in density can be explained by refractive index?
(e) What is the estimated standard deviation of density for any fixed value of
refractive index?
(f) Test whether the slope of the regression line is significantly greater than 4
g/cm3 , using significance level 0.05.
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Question 9 (14 marks)
The elastic modulus in gigapascals (GPa) was measured for 16 specimens of a
magnesium alloy, 8 produced by permanent molding and 8 produced by die casting.
The sample statistics, in units of gigapascals (GPa), are as follows:
Mean Standard deviation
Permanent molding 44.7125 0.6244
Die casting 44.0625 0.5012
ii. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses for this application, being
careful to explain your notation.
iii. Use the P-value method to test the hypotheses in (ii), using significance
level 0.01.
iv. What assumptions are required for the test in (iii)?
STATISTICAL INFORMATION