AETIOLOGY AND DLAGNOSIS 09/05/17, 9)25 AM

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AETIOLOGY AND DLAGNOSIS

1. Maloccluion can lead to which of the following except

a) abnormal musle function
b) increased caries
c) facial asymmetry
d) All of the above
Ans: D

2. Class II relation malocclusion is found in

a) Mandibulofacial dystosis
b) Craniofacial dystosis
c) Achondroplasia
d) Downs syndrome
Ans: A

3. A retainad lower deciduous incisor will usually

a) Deect permanent teeth lingually
b) Deect permanent teeth labially
c) Deect permanent teeth distaily
d) Cause ankylosis of permanent teeth
Ans: A

4. Premature exfoliation of primary canines indicates

a) arch length deciency
b) skeletal malocclusion
c) arch length excess
d) None of the above
Ans: A

5. Radiographs of a 5-year-old child shows an erupting permanent rst molar erupting mesially resulting in
resorption of roots of primary second molar. The condition is

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a) ankylosis
b) ectopic eruption
c) internal resorption
d) premature eruption
Ans:B

6. Treatment of diastema because of a thick labial frenum is

a) after frenectomy
b) before eruption of canines
c) after eruption of canines
d) before frenectomy
Ans: A

7. An 8-year-old patient has good occlusion with full teeth present fat: that age. One of the centralincisors is
severely rotated with a large midline diastema. Cause may be
a) thick labial frenum
b) presence of supernumerary teeth
c) juvenile periodontitis
d) All of the above
Ans: B

8. Imbricatiosi or lower incisor crowding mainly is the result of

a) arch length to size discrepancy
b) premature loss of primary teeth
c) presence of supernumerary teeth
d) mesial migration teeth
Ans: A

9. The last primary tooth to be replaced by a permanent tooth is usually the

a) maxillary second molar
b) mandibular second molar
c) maxillary canine
d) mandibular canine
Ans: C

10. Apertognathia means

a) anterior crossbite
b) open bite
c) posterior crossbite
d) prognathism
Ans: B

11. Lingually locked (anterior crossbite) of permanent left central incisor in otherwise normal occlusion is d
a) prolonged retention of primary left central incisor
b) prolonged retention of primary right central incisor

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c) premature extraction of primary right central incisor with loss of space

d) premature extraction of primary maxillary left central incisor with loss of space
Ans: A

12. Localised gingival recession in the region of mandibular incisors may be due to
a) increasing spacing of tooth
b) idiopathic brosis
c) abnormal frenal attachment
d) dilantin therapy
Ans: C

13. Which one of the following has maximum familial tendency?

a) Protruded maxillary incisors
b) Open bite
c) Deep bite
d) Upper and lower cross bite
Ans: C

14. Earnest Klein has Classied habits into

a) Compulsive and non-compulsive habits
b) Intentional and non-intentional habits
c) Primary and secondary habits
d) Pressure and non-pressure habits
Ans: B

15. Thumb sucking will

a) always produce maxillary prognathism
b) always indicate psychological disturbance
c) always needs appliance therapy to break the habit
d) None of the above. Many times it stops spontaneously
Ans: D

16. The oral drive theory to explain thumb sucking habit way given by
a) Benjamin
b) Sears and Wise
c) Sigmund Freud
d) Scheldon
Ans: B

17. A13-year-o!d child has a severe thumb-sucking habit. On examination, he has a Class II maloc-anterior o
bite with an over jet of 12 mm. His cephalogram will show
a) normal anterior and posterior facial heights
b) increased anterior facial height and normal posterior facial height
c) increased posterior facial height and normal anterior facial height
d) increased posterior facial height and increased anterior facial height

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Ans: B

18. In thumb-sucking habit, posterior crossbite occurs due to

a) loss of normal outward thrust of the tongue
b) negative pressure within the oral cavity, which causes buccinator to force the maxillary molar palatally
c) A and B
d) loss of oral seal
Ans: C

19. Abnormal muscular actyivityh usually is the result in/o

a) bruxism
b) nail biting
c) tongue thrusting
d) thumb sucking
Ans: D

20. Which of the following is not a feature of simple tongue thrust swallowing
a) Contraction of facial muscle
b) Contraction of mandibular elevators
c) Teeth apart swallow
d) Anterior open bite
Ans:

21. The abnormal swallowing pattern with the poorest prognosis is

a) simple tongue thrust
b) complex tongue thrust
c) infantile swallow
d) retained infantile swallow
Ans: D

22. Mouth breathing with enlarged adenoids and tonsils may be best described as
a) Anatomic
b) Obstructive
c) Physiologic
d) Habitual
Ans: B

23. Breathing is termed anatomic mouth breathing if there is

a) short upper lip
b) enlarged adenoid
c) enlarged tonsil
d) Both A and B
Ans: A

24. Bruxism bears which one of the following relationships to malocciusion

a) Malocciusion is only cause of bruxism

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b) Malocciusion may be the cause of bruxism

c) Correction of occlusal discrepancy always eliminates bruxism
d) None of above
Ans: B

25. Endomorphic individual will have________

a) tall and thin physique
b) short and obese physique
c) average physique
d) None of the above
Ans: B

26. Dolichocephalic refers to

a) long-wide facies
b) long- narrow facies
c) short-wide facies
d) short-narrow facies
Ans: B

27. Dolicocephalic facial pattern is associated with

a) Borad dental arch
b) Long and narrow dental arch
c) Paraboloid dental arch
d) Square dental arch
Ans: B

28. Dolicocephalic head form and leptoproscopic facial form is associated with
a) square arch form
b) round dental arches
c) long and narrow
d) U shaped arch form
Ans: C

29. The facial form in adenoid facies (mouth breathers) is characterised by

a) Long and wide
b) Long and narrow
c) Short and wide
d) Short and narrow
Ans: B

30. Convex prole is seen in

a) Class I
b) Class II
c) Class III
d) None of above

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Ans: B

31. Normal nasolabial angle

a) 80
b) 110
c) 70
d) 140
Ans: B

32. The lower lip line in normal patients is at the level of

a) incisal thirds of lower incisors
b) incisal thirds of upper incisors
c) at the occlusal level of incisors
d) at the cervical third of lower incisors
Ans: B

33. The lip is supported by

a) relation of lip edge and facial surfaces of teeth
b) labial sulcus between teeth and lip
c) relationship of tongue and teeth
d) None
Ans :

34. Tongue to llip seal is

a) competent lips
b) incompetent lips
c) steep mandibuiar plane angle
d) upper incisors are retroclined
Ans: B

35. Incompentent lips may be seen in

a) Increased anterior face height
b) Flaccid lips
c) Enlarged adenoids
d) Matured swallow
Ans: A

36. Which of the following malocclusions is not associated with lip strain?
a) Class I with proclination of upper incisors
b) Class- II Div. I
c) Class- II Div. II
d) Bimaxiliary Protrusion
Ans: C

37. Facial height is measured

a) nasion to gonion

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b) nasion to pogonion
c) nasion to gnathion
d) nasion to menton
Ans: D

38. Clinically if FH plane and madibular plane meets at occiput region , one can predict
a) a normal FMA angle
b) an increased FMA angle
c) decreased FMA angle
d) no prediction can be made from above data
Ans: A
39. Which of the following factors may contribute to the severity of the incisor overbite in Class II malocclus
a) Lip activity
b) Overclosure
c) The degree of lower crowding
d) The AP dental base relationship
Ans: D

40. Incomplete overbite is

a) open bite
b) deep overbite
c) overbite with no overjet
d) overjet with no overbite
Ans: D

41. Deep bite or closed bite is consistent nding in

a) Class I
b) Class II Div I
c) Class II Div II
d) Class III
Ans: C

42. Total mandibular arch contained within maxillary arch is called

a) scissors bite
b) deep bite
c) reverse bite
d) crossbite
Ans: A

43. All the following lead to anterior deep bite except

a) decreased lower facial height
b) supra eruption of anterior teeth
c) infra eruption of posterior teeth
d) high FMA angle
Ans: D

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44. Crossbite is a
a) mesiodistai rnalocclusion
b) buccoiingual malocclusion
c) vertical rnalocclusion
d) None of the above
Ans: B

45. Anatomic crossbile can be dierentiated from functional crossbite by

a) In anatomic crossbite there is marked occlusal wear
b) In anatomic crossbite there is smooth closure to centric occlusion, whereas in functional crossbite, there
deviated closure
c) In anatomic crossbite there is deviated closure, whereas in functional crossbite, there is smooth closure t
centric occlusion
d) In functional cross bite, marked wear facets are present, where as they are absent in anatomical crossbit
Ans: B

46. Which of the following statements is true

a) In dental crossbite upper molars lean lingually and lower molars buccally
b) In skeletal crossbite upper molars lean buccally and lower molars lingually
c) Both of the above
d) None of the above
Ans: C

47. A child has an extreme open bite. Only the most posterior teeth contact in the opposite arch. The best
procedure for dentist would be to
a) refer the child to an orthodontist for treatment
b) remove the posterior teeth in each quadrant
c) make an overlay denture to create occlusion
d) place bands on the teeth and place elastics to close the bite
Ans: A

48. During development of speech function, the rst speech sounds acquired are?
a) Bilabials
b) Consonants
c) Sibilants
d) Nasolabials
Ans: A

49. A submucous cieft is best demonstrated by

a) occlusal laminographs
b) cephalograph laminographs
c) ultraviolet beroptics
d) palpation
Ans: D

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50. High arched palate In seen in following syndromes

a) Marfans syndrome
b) Downs syndrome
c) Craniofacial dystosis
d) All of the above
Ans: D

51. Relative to a heterogeneous population, the incidence of malocclusion in a homogeneous population ge

is
a) lower
b) slightly higher
c) signicantly higher
d) about the same
Ans: A

52. Whiich aspect of maiocclusion is the most common among Indian population
a) Class I with incisor crowding
b) Class II Division I
c) Class II Division II
d) Class III
Ans: A

53. The major aetionlogical factor for Class II malocclusion

a) Sleeping habits
b) Thumb sucking
c) Growth discrepancy
d) Tooth-jaw size discrepancy
Ans: C

54. Tonicity of upper lip in mouth breather and Class II Dvi I may be described as
a) Hypertonic
b) Hypotonic
c) Monotonic
d) None of the above
Ans: B

55. Hyperactive mentalis muscle is a prominent feature of

a) Class I
b) Class II Div I
c) Class II Div II
d) Class III
Ans: B

56. Which of the following features is present in Class II div II

a) Open bite

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b) Steep mandibular plane

c) Mesio-occlusion of permanent molars
d) Lingual inclination of maxillary central incisors
Ans: D

57. Which of the following aects the outcome of treatment of Class II Div II malocclusion by removable app
a) Incompetent lips
b) Class-II skeletal relation
c) Low FM angle
d) Abnormal oral habits
Ans: B

58. Backward path of closure of mandible is seen in

a) Normal occlusion
b) Class II Div I
c) Class II Div II
d) Class III
Ans: C

59. Hapsburg jaw

a) Class I deep bite
b) Class II division I
c) Class III
d) Class II division II
Ans: C

60. Surgical repair of cleft palate results in (or) Facial feature in achondroplasia is
a) Class I malocclusion with convex prole
b) Class II malocclusion with straight
c) Class III malocclusion with concave prole
d) None of the above
Ans: C

61. Which of the following is untrue of Class III malocclusion

a) Concave prole
b) Increased gonian angle
c) Protrusion of lower anterior teeth
d) Forward path of closure
Ans: C

62. A pseudo Class III is dierentiated from true Class III by

a) presence of premature contacts
b) normal gonial angle
c) deviated path of closure
d) All of the above

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Ans: D

63. If one of the anterior tooth is lingually locked as in pseudo Class III, it will result in
a) reverse overjet
b) deviated path of mandibular closure
c) deep bite to over closure of mandible
d) All of the above
Ans: B

64. Class III rnalocciusion is found in ai! of the following except

a) Cleft palate
b) Achondroplasia
c) Downs syndrome
d) Pierre Robin syndrome
Ans: D

65. Acromegaly is associated with

a) Class I malocclusion
b) Class I crossbite
c) Class II malocclusion
d) Class III malocclusion
Ans: A

66. The most common local cause of malocciusion

a) Presence of supernumerary teeth
b) Premature loss of primary teeth
c) Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
d) Caries lesion on primary teeth
Ans: B

67. Most commonly retained tooth i : a deciduous dentition is

a) maxillary lateral incisors
b) mandibular second molars
c) mandibular lateral incisors
d) maxillary rst molars
Ans: B

68. Abnormal thick labial frenum results ii

a) Midline diastema
b) Imbrication
c) Labial inclination of incisors
d) All of the above
Ans: A
69. Diastema is often tea resuis s
a) tongue thrusting

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b) nger sucking
c) mouth breathing
d) None of the above
Ans: A

70. A crouded and irregular arrangement of mandibular anterior teeth due to lack of space is generally refe
as
a) Class-II malocclusion
b) Imbrication
c) Lingual inclination
d) Retroinclinination
Ans: B

71. Tooth in the mandibular arch which is most likely to be displaced due to arch size discrepancy is
a) rst molar
b) second molar
c) rst premolar
d) second premolar
Ans: D

72. Anterior open bite associated with Class

a) thumb sucking
b) mouth breathing
c) abnormal swallowing
d) none of the above
Ans: A

73. Lisping is associated commonly with whgich of the following malocclusions

a) Anterior deep bite
b) Anterior crowding
c) Anterior open bite
d) Anterior retroclination
Ans: C

74. localised gingival recession between two teeth in otherwise healthy 7-year-old child may be
a) Abnormal oral habit
b) Chronic gingivitis
c) Herpes simplex
d) ANUG
Ans: A

75. Clinical examination of 15-years-old girl reveals only permanent central incisors, permanent ca nines an
primary canines anterior to premolar. The most probable cause is
a) thumb-sucking habit
b) ankylosed primary canine

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c) arch length deciency and premature exfoliation of permanent laterals(PGI 96)

d) congenitally missing permanent lateral incisor
Ans: D

76. A single individual malposed posterior teeth may cause all of the following except
a) traumatic occlusion
b) deviated path of closure
c) close bite
d) pain and movement in malposed teeth
Ans: C

77. According to Pinkham which of the following is the fourth dimension of the habit
a) Direction
b) Frequency
c) Intensity
d) Duration
Ans: A

78. The age up to which thump sucking is acceptable

a) Below 1 year
b) 2 years
c) 3 to 4 years
d) 5 to 6 years
Ans: C

79. Rooting reex disappears in normal infants by the age o

a) 4 months after birth
b) 7 months after birth
c) 9 months after birth
d) 12 months after birth
Ans: B

80. Prolonged thumbsucking directly results in all of the following except

a) deep over bite
b) proclination upper central incisors
c) rotation of upper laterals
d) constriction of maxilla
Ans: A

81. A child is 7-uear -old with skeletal Class I relation. He has the habit of thumb suckihng. Thereis slight ove
and anterior spacing. If ha discontinues the habit
a) overjet will reduce
b) overjet increases as permanent canines erupt
c) lower incisors incline labially
d) result in crowding of anterior teeth

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Ans: A

82. Untrue about tongue thrusting

a) Tongue thrust develops as a functional adaptation in anterior open bite
b) Tongue thrust may not ail times result in malocclusion
c) All anterior open bites are the result of tongue thrust
d) This habit decreases with age
Ans: C

83. Which of the following are NOT associated with complex tongue thrusting activity?
a) Naso-respiratory distress
b) Contraction of the temporalis muscle
c) Contraction of the mentalis and lower lip during swallow
d) Absence of contact of teeth during swallow
Ans: B

84. The number of times an individual swallows per day, while awake
a) 600
b) 800
c) 700
d) 900
Ans: B

85. The eect of enlarged adenoids on the maxillary growth is by (or) Mouth breathing habit usually causes
a) narrowing of maxilla
b) widening of maxilla
c) palatal plane tipped upwards at PNS
d) palate descends down
Ans: A

86. Newborn infants are

a) obligatory oral breathers
b) obligatory nasal breathers
c) predominantly oral breathers
d) nasal and oral breathers
Ans: B

87. Following are essential diagnostic criteria according to Graber except

a) Case history
b) Facial photographs
c) Periapical X-rays
d) Lateral cephalograms
Ans: D

88. If cephalic index of a patient is more than 80%, it indicates which of the following
a) Brachycephalic

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b) Mesocephalic
c) Dolicocephalic
d) Depends on age
Ans: A

89. Normal facial Index is

a) 65-75%
b) 75-80%
c) 80-90%
d) 100%
Ans: C

90. Broad and short type of face is known as

a) mesoprosopic
b) euryprosopic
c) leptoprosopic
d) None of the above
Ans: B

91. Golden Proportion in human dentition is ?

a) 1 : 1.618
b) 1 : 1.018
c) 1 : 0.620
d) 2: 1.618
Ans: C

92. Facial prole is measured by using the following __________

a) Forehead, point A, menton
b) Nasion, point A, prosthion
c) Forehead, point A, pogonion
d) Nasion, prosthion, pogonion
Ans: C

93. Facial divergence is

a) anterior placement of the midface
b) inclination of the lower third of the face in relation to the fore head
c) inclination of the upper third of the face to the middle third of the face
d) None of the above
Ans: B
94. Mentalis muscle contraction causes the lower iip to
a) Retrude
b) Protrude
c) Inversion
d) Eversion
Ans: B

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95. In a patient with competent lips together at rest, the lip line is opposite the tips of the upper incisors. Th
line is then described as
a) Average
b) High
c) Incomplete
d) Low
Ans: D

96. Incompetent lips refers to

a) Inability of the lips to cover the upper incisors in the mandibuiar relaxed position
b) Inability of the lips to cover the upper incisors in occlusion
c) The lips come in between the upper and lower incisors
d) Tongue thrusts against the lips during swallowing
Ans:

97. When mixed dentition change to permanent dentition, incompetent lip may
a) become more incompetent
b) become hypertonic
c) straighten the upper central incisors
d) be held together of self consciousness
Ans: D

98. In Class II, div II cases lower lip line at rest is

a) just touching tips of upper incisors
b) at middle thirds of upper incisors
c) above middle third of upper incisors
d) at the tip of lower incisor
Ans: C

99. Negative lip step is seen In

a) Class I cases
b) Class II cases
c) Class III cases
d) All of the above
Ans: B

100.Ratio of upper face height to lower facial height

a) 45: 55
b) 55: 45
c) 50: 50
d) 60: 40
Ans: A

101.Overjet refers to
a) horizontal overlap

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b) vertical overlap
c) transverse plane discrepancies
d) All of the above
Ans:

102.Normal overbite (n) overlapping of anterior teeth is

a) 1/3% of crowns of lower central incisors
b) 1/2% of crowns of lower central incisors
c) 3/4% of crowns of lower central incisors
d) None of the above
Ans: A

103.If an excessive overbite is seen immediately upon the eruption of the incisors, which of the following sh
be suspected?
a) A problem in the vertical relationship of the facial skeleton
b) A problem in width relationships
c) A problem in the formation of the primary teeth (MAHE 94)
d) None of the above
Ans: A

104. Sunday (sundae) bite is

a) closed complete overbite
b) reverse overbite seen in Class III
c) bite achieved by patient by bringing his mandible forward in Class II Div I
d) bite achieved on Sundays after a full meal
Ans :

105. When all the teeth are in scissors bite, the condition is called
a) Brodie syndrome
b) Catalans syndrome
c) Nances condition
d) Deweys syndrome
Ans: A

106.High FMA is associated with

a) deep bite and vertical growth pattern
b) deep bite and horizontal growth pattern
c) increased lower anterior face height and vertical growth pattern
d) increased lower anterior face height and horizontal growth pattern
Ans: C

107.Bite of accommodation refers

a) positioning of the mandible in forward position during bite taking for activator
b) Backward posture of mandible in Class III cases
c) Posturing of the mandible laterally in maximum intecuspation

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d) It is a form of Sunday bite resulting in Class III maiocclusions

Ans: C

108.Unilateral buccal crossbite is seen in

a) linguaHy locked anteriors
b) Class III skeletal relationship
c) bilateral maxillary protrusion
d) All of the above
Ans: D

109.Which position is the most important in diagnosis of anterior or posterior crossbite?

a) Habitual position
b) Lateral shift
c) Maximum intercuspation
d) The point of rst contact at centric relation
Ans: D

110.Blanch test is used in diagnosisi of

a) Abnormal frenal attachments
b) Pseudo Class III
c) Tongue thrusting
d) Thumb sucking
Ans: A

111.Pistortion of lab
a) skeletal Class II malocclusion
b) open bite
c) skeletal Class III malocclusion
d) deep bite
Ans: C

112.h problems associated with cleft palate is a result of

a) improper seal between soft palate and nasal cavity
b) improper contact between tongue and epiglottis
c) inability of tongue to contact with teeth
d) poor lip musculature
Ans: A

113.Mlwaukee brace wear for treatment of scollosis leads to

a) Class II malocclusion due to over growth of maxilla
b) Class III malocclulsion due to retarded growth of maxilla
c) Class II malocclusion due to retarded growth of mandible
d) Class III malocclusion due to overgrowth of maxilla 2
Ans: C

114.Class II malocclusions occur in India in

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a) 60% of population
b) 30% of population
c) 5% of population
d) less than 5% of population
Ans: B

115.At some time, thumb sucking is noted in

a) <10% of pre-school children
b) 10-50% of pre-school children
c) >50% of pre-school children
d) All pre-school children
Ans: C

116.Angles Class II malocclusion is worsened by

a) Overclosure
b) Retarded mandibular growth
c) Open bite
d) High arched palate
Ans: B

117.The following prole is prone more f r fractures of maxillary incisors

a) Maxillary retrusion
b) Class I
c) Class II Div I
d) Class II Div II
Ans: C

118.Class II Div I superposed on skeletal Class I jaw relations is due to

a) abnormal muscle function
b) increased ANB angle
c) spacings between central incisors
d) imbrication of lower anteriors
Ans: A

119.Which of the following contributes to severity of incisor overbite in Class II div II malocclusion
a) Lip activity and crowding
b) Overclosure and crowding
c) Skeletal relationship of jaws and reduced lower facial height (AP 96)
d) Increased lower facial height and dental relation of arches
Ans: C

120.The most damaging feature of Ciass II div 2 and most consistent feature of Class II div II is
a) deep bite
b) crowding of maxillary teeth
c) Class-II molar relation

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d) buccally placed canines

Ans: A

121.Main aetiology of Class III malocclusions

a) Hereditary
b) Abnormal muscle forces
c) Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
d) Abnormal frenal attachments
Ans: A

122.Malocclusion which is most prevalent in Australian Aborigines?

a) Class-II
b) Class-Ill
c) Scissor Bite
d) Cross Bite
Ans: D

123.A child who had a congenital defect of cleft lip and cleft palate is most likely to suer from which kind o
malocclusion
a) Bilateral posterior crossbite
b) A collapsed anterior mandibular arch
c) Protrusion and spacing of maxillary anterior
d) Class II division I malocclusion
Ans: A
124.The cause of pseudo Class III malocclusion is
a) development deciency
b) increased mandibular growth
c) functional abnormality
d) hormonal disturbance
Ans: C

125.Class III and a pseudo Class III malocclusion can be dierentiated by

a) degree of crossbite
b) the presence of forward shift of mandible in pseudo Class III during closing
c) molar relation and canine relationship
d) None of the above
Ans: B

126.You are examining a case with Class III incisor relation. Which of the following contribute to poor progn
a) Reduced overbite
b) Crowding or lower arch
c) Deviated path of closure
d) Retroclined upper central inciosrs
Ans: A

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MDSClasses 2015

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