2/9/2016

Ternary phase
diagrams II
9.2.2016, Espoo

Equilibria in ternary systems

Components Phases Degrees of Equilibrium dp = 0
freedom
C=3 P=1 F=3 Trivariant
C=3 P=2 F=2 Bivariant
C=3 P=3 F=1 Monovariant
C=3 P=4 F=0 Invariant

Invariant: F = 4 - P = 0
Four phase equilibrium, F = 0
For instance,
l <=>

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Four phase equilibrium-Eutectic system

If the nominal composition is in the two phase
region (X)
primary phase () is solidified first [M1M
curve].
When the composition of the liquid reaches
the eutectic valley (DG curve) secondary
phase () starts to solidify [N1N curve]
simultaneously.
Finally the rest of the liquid is solidified
and + structure is formed.

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Four phase equilibrium-Eutectic system

If the nominal composition is in the three
phase region (Y)
Solidification starts with the same way but
The composition of liquid reaches eutectic
point (G) before nominal composition hits
the of the - sided of the tie-triangle
Then liquid, and become in equilibrium
with phase also
Ternary eutectic reaction l + + .

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Four phase equilibrium-Eutectic system

Above Teut Below Teut

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Four phase equilibrium-Eutectic system

Above Teut

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Four phase equilibrium-Eutectic system

Below Teut

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Four phase equilibrium-Eutectic system

Isothermal sections

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Four phase equilibrium-Eutectic system

Vertical sections (isopleths)

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Four phase equilibrium-Eutectic system

Vertical sections (isopleths)

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Ternary phase diagrams- Real systems

Ag-Au-Cu
18K Red gold:
75% gold, 25% copper

18K Rose gold:

75% gold, 22.25% copper, 2.75% silver

18K Pink gold:

75% gold, 20% copper, 5% silver

12K Red gold:

50% gold and 50% copper

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Ternary phase diagrams- Real systems

Fe-Ni-Cr

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Example: Sn-Bi-Cu- Global equilibrium

Binary systems-SnBi
Eutectic system
Phases Bct, Rho and
Liquid

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Example: Sn-Bi-Cu
Binary systems-Cu-Bi
Eutectic system
Phases Fcc, Rho and
Liquid

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Example: Sn-Bi-Cu
Binary systems-Sn-Cu
Eutectic and peritectic
reactions
Intermetallic compounds
Phases Bct, Fcc, Liq,
Cu6Sn5( ja Cu3Sn(),
ja

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Example: Sn-Bi-Cu Tmp(Cu)=1084.7C

Liquidus projection
Extrapolated from binary
data only

Tmp(Bi)=271C
Tmp(Sn)=232C

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Example: Sn-Bi-Cu
Liquidus projection
Sn rich corner
Extrapolated from binary
data only

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ternary data
Example: Sn-Bi-Cu The ternary eutectic reaction
Liquidus projection takes place at the point EP: 140.1C,
45.3%Sn, 54.6%Bi, 0.014%Cu
binary data

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Example: Sn-Bi-Cu
Liquidus projection Isopleth at the 40%Sn
ternary data section in the Sn-Bi-Cu system.

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Example: Sn-Bi-Cu
Isothermal section 260 C
BEI micrograph of alloy
#14 (Sn-20at.%Bi-
40at.%Cu) annealed at
260 for 30 days

Ref: Chung-Yung Lin

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Example: Sn-Bi-Cu
Isothermal section 260 C
BEI micrograph of alloy #7
(Sn-70at.%Bi-20at.%Cu)
annealed at 260 for 30
days

Ref: Chung-Yung Lin

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Example: Sn-Bi-Cu
Isothermal section 260 C
BEI micrograph of alloy #8
(Sn-60at.%Bi-30at.%Cu)
annealed at 260 for 30 days

Ref: Chung-Yung Lin

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Example: Sn-Bi-Cu
Isothermal section 260 C
BEI micrograph of alloy #12
(Sn-10at.%Bi-30at.%Cu)
annealed at 260 for 30
days

Ref: Chung-Yung Lin

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Example: Sn-Pb-Bi- Solidification

Binary system-SnBi
Eutectic system
Phases Bct, Rho and Liquid
Binary system-SnPb
Eutectic system
Phases Bct, Fcc and Liquid
Binary system-PbBi
Eutectic+ peritectic system
Phases Fcc, Rho, Tetra() and
Liquid

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Example: Sn-Pb-Bi- Solidification

Roseboom
diagram

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Example: Sn-Pb-Bi- Solidification

1.0
Based on the given
isothermal sections draw the
0.8
sc. NP-diagram i.e. the
fraction of the different
phases as a function of 0.6
NP(*)

temperature with the nominal

composition 0.4
Sn52 Pb33 Bi15 (at-%)
0.2

0
0 50 100 150 200
0
Temperature C

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Example: Sn-Pb-Bi- Solidification

Sn52 Pb33 Bi15 (at-%), T=180C T=170C
dp = 0

Bi Bi

Sn Pb Sn Pb

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Example: Sn-Pb-Bi- Solidification

T=160C T=140C

Bi Bi

Sn Pb Sn Pb

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Example: Sn-Pb-Bi- Solidification

T=125C T=120C

Bi Bi

Sn Pb Sn Pb

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Example: Sn-Pb-Bi- Solidification

T=100C T=95C

Bi
Bi
th
mu
bis
ofn
tio
c
fr a
le
Mo

Sn Pb Sn
Pb
Mole fraction of lead

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Example: Sn-Pb-Bi- Solidification

T=91C T=25C

uth
th

i sm
mu
bi s

of b
of

n
cti o
ti on

fra
rac

le
le f

Mo
Mo

Mole fraction of lead Mole fraction of lead

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Example: Sn-Pb-Bi- Solidification

Based on the given 1.0
isothermal sections draw the
sc. NP-diagram i.e. the 0.8 Liquid
fraction of the different
phases as a function of 0.6
temperature with the nominal BCT
NP(*)

composition Tetra
0.4
Sn52 Pb33 Bi15 (at-%)
0.2
Fcc

0
0 50 100 150 200
0
Temperature C

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