Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Session: 2016-2017
Acknowledgement
Certificate
Introduction to Visual Basic
System Configuration
Project Selection
Existing System
Proposed System
System Analysis
System Design
o Input Design
o Output Design
System Testing
System Implementation
Coding
Output
Conclusion
Bibliography
INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL BASIC
One of the most significant changes in Visual Basic 6.0 is the Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) IDE is term commonly used in the programming world to describe
the interface and environment that we use to create out applications. It is called
integrated because we can access virtually all of the development tools that we need
form one screen called an interface. The IDE is commonly referred to as the design
environment of the program.
The Visual Basic IDE is made up of a no of components. These are :-
1) Menu Bar.
2) Tool Bar
3) Project Explorer
4) Properties Windows.
5) Form layout Windows.
6) Form Designer
7) Tool Box
8) Object Browser
In the previous version of Visual Basic, The IDE was designed as a Single Document
Interface (SDI). In a Single Document interface, each window is a free floating window
i.e contained within a main window and can move anywhere on the screen as long as
VB is the current application. But in VB 6.0 the IDE is an Multiple document Interface
(MDI) format. In this format, the windows associated with the project will stay within a
single container known as the parent. Code and form based windows will stay with in
the main container form.
INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL PROGRAMMING:
Window :- The base for a user interface of the application. All the components that
make up the user interface are placed in the window.
Buttons:- Used to initiate an action.
Text Boxes:- Used to accept information from the user.
List Boxes:- Used to present the user with the possible options.
A method is code that is built into the component and can be executed as
required.
An event is any user action directed at the application
Variables store values required for performing calculations.
The data type of a variable determines how the values in a variable are stored in
the computers memory.
The loop structures that Visual Basic supports.
For next :- Repeats a group of statements for a specified number of
times.
While .. Wend:- Executes a series of statements as long as a given
condition is true
The conditional statements supported by Visual Basic are:
If.thenelse:- Allows decisions to be taken on the basis of a condition.
Select case :- Executes a group of statements checking the test conditions only
once.
The form is the main part of a user interface. The frequently used properties.
Methods and events of form are:-
Properties (Caption, Name)
Methods (Move, Show, Hide)
Events (Load, Activate, Mouse down, Mouseup)
List boxed display long lists options from which users can choose.
Properties (List index, Sorted, Multi select, listcount, list, Selected
Methods (Additem, Remove Item, Selected, Setfocus)
Events (Click, Scroll)
A combo box control combines the features of a text box and a list box. It allows
the user to select an item either by typing text or from the list.
Properties (Style, locked, Index, Listcount, Sorted)
Methods (Add Item, Remove Item)
Events (Click, Scroll, Change, Dropdown)
The option button are used when the user can select one and only one of the
multiple options.
Properties (Caption, Value)
Methods (Move)
Events (Click)
A frame control provides an identifiable grouping for controls.
Properties (Caption)
Methods (Move, Drag)
Events (Click)
A check box indicated whether a particular condition is on or off.
Properties (Caption, Value)
Methods (Move, Resize)
Events (Click)
Scroll bars provide easy navigation though a large amount of information.
Properties (Min,Max, Value)
Methods (Move)
Events (Scroll,Change)
A text box is used to display text or to accept user input.
Properties (Text, Multiline, Maxlength, Password Char, Locked)
Methods (Move, Drag, Setfocus)
Events (Change, Click, Lostfocus, Keypress)
A button is a control which allows the user to click on it to perform an action.
Properties (Caption, Picture, Enabled)
Methods (Move)
Events (Click)
The label is the control used to place text in a form.
Properties (Caption, Autosize,Wordwrap)
Methods (Move, Drag)
Events (Click, Change, Dbiclick)
The user interface is the most important part of an application
Designing of an interface includes such factors as :
Positioning of controls
Uniformity of elements
Simplicity of design.
MENUS:-
Menus allows an application to present the user with a means of intiating different
actions.
A menu comprises of :
A menu bar that displays the main menu options.
There can be a list of options attached to each menu option. This referred to as a sub-
menu.
Toolbars provide shortcut to menu actions.
An application can have multiple toolbars.
Display tool tips, which are tiny popup windows containing a short text description of a
tool bar buttons purpose.
Status bar is used to display information for the user.
An application can have only one status bar.
Dialog boxes.
Special type of window used to flash messages or accept information from the user
during the course of execution of the application.
Common dialogs are ready to use dialogs actions.
Custom dialogs are designed by the user keeping in mind the needs of the
application.
A Model dialog box does not let the user perform any action while it is on display
Modeless dialog boxes let the user shift the attention between the dialog box and
another form without having to close the dialog box.
Form.
Standard
Class
The scope of a variable defines which part of the code is aware of its existence.
Variables are classified on the basis of scope as:
Procedure level
Module level
Procedure level variables are recognised only in the procedure in which they are
declared
Variables declared using the Public statement are available to all procedures in the
applications.
A variable passed to a procedure is called an argument
Passing an argument by value gives a procedure only a copy of the variable.
Passing arguments by reference gives a procedure access to the original value of the
variable in its memory location.
A client/server application is split into a front-end client component and a back-end
server component.
The client is the portion of the application that presents data to the user.
The role of the server is to processing or information to the client.
A visual basic database application has three parts
User Interface
Database Engine
Data store
System: Pentium-IV
Components:
1.Central Processor
2.Monitor
3.Keyboard
4.Printer
Central Processor:->
Intel Pentium 11.366MHz types chip
Main memory of 2 GB
One hard disk of 250GB
One CD-ROM drive
Monitor:->
SVGA colored monitor
Size:80*25 character display
Keyboard:->
Keyboard of 104 keys
Multimedia keyboard
Printer:->
Laser Jet
Operating System:->
WINDOWS XP
USED(V.B.6)
PROJECT SELECTION
This project report is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for M.SC
(Comp. Sc) The project work is a golden opportunity for us to apply the theoretically
learn tips, for practically e.g. how collect the information and design the system, the
best possible solution to the problem, write efficient programs etc. and other minute
things which matter a lot in the professional life?
The course provides a chance for self analysis efficiently. The task was to develop
software for roadways management system.
EXISTING SYSTEM
The existing system depends upon manual operations, that is all the records were kept
in simple files and thus the data are maintained. But, any small mistake may lead to a
big problem.
For example, for the proper maintenance of data, several registers like Stock
register, and their loans and other allowances records are kept.. It becomes difficult to
handle such detailed information. This may also lead to some accuracy problems in
various data files.
2. To maintain the data, that is, to add a new record, deletion of an old record is a
complex task to be performed.
4. Department has to keep a lot of files for the records. So, it is very difficult to
maintain all those files. Moreover, special rooms or cupboards are thus needed for
the task to be performed.
7. All the records are prepared occasionally. So, the manual work done is not always
correct and becomes too late.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
As we have recognized the problems in our old manual system and we make a proposed
system means, we have made changes in the old system so as to make improvements.
I have completed this project to much extent and has included all the things but still
then I have not made all the queries and all the possibilities of data that user can enter.
Thats why I cant say that my project is versatile.
1.I have just taken two or three queries and there result while there can be much more.
2.There are a few reports in my project but there can be much more.
3.As in computers, there may be virus due to which sometime system may get fail.
So, these are some limitations in my project but these can be removed if my project is
studied again and any person want to enhance it.
System Analysis
The process of system development starts with System Analysis. It is known that A
system is a collection of interrelated components that work together to achieve some
common objective and system is required to do .
System Analysis is an important activity that takes place when new information
systems are being built or existing onces are being changed.
Outputs to be produced.
Inputs to be used.
Processes to be performed.
Interfaces to be provided.
In short, systems analysis then, is the process of totally understanding the current
systems by gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems, and using the facts to
improve the current system. This is the job of the system analyst.
Before we proceed to the next phase that is SYTEM DESIGN ,we must know a little
more about the tools used during system analysis.
TOOLS USED IN SYSTEM ANALYSIS:-
As already mentioned, once the information is collected, it must be analyzed for the
development team to ascertain user needs and write requirements specifications. As a
large amount of information is collected, system analysts need tools to record ,store and
manipulate this information during the analysis process.
System Design
The most creative & challenging phase of the system development life cycle is
SYSTEM DESIGN. The term design described a final system and the process by
which it is developed. It refers to the technical specification that will be applied in
implementing the candidate system. A system analysis phase defines What a system
must do and System design states HOW to do it. A design must provides:-
The design process is a set of iterative steps that allow the designer to describe all the
aspects of the software to be built based on user specifications .The general tasks
involve in the design process are:-
We have defined the problems in the existing system, then we analyze the problems
found and proposed a candidate system that can do the work that was not done in old
system. After analyzing the problem we have to make design for them.
INPUT DESIGNING:
A major step in input design is the preparation of input & the design of output reports in
a form acceptable to the user. Inaccurate input is most common cause of errors in data
processing. Errors entered by data entry operator can be controlled by input design.
Input design is the process of originated inputs to a computer based format. In system
design phase the data flow diagram identifies logical data flow chart specifies master
file , transaction files & computer programmers. Input data are organized into group of
similar data. Once identified approximate input media are selected for processing
OUTPUT DESIGNING:
Computer output is the most important and direct source of information to the user.
Efficient, intelligible output design should improve the systems relationships with the
user and help in decision making. A major form of output is a hard copy from the
printer. Printouts should be designed around the output requirements of the user. The
output devices to consider depend on factors such as compatibility of the device with
the system, response time requirements, expected print quality, and number of copies
needed. The following media devices are available for providing computerized output:-
1.MICR readers.
5.Graph plotters.
6.Audio response.
System Testing
Like all other stages of the SDLC, testing too needs time and proper resource to
become a meaningful activity. Testing is vital to the success of the system. Testing
makes a logical assumption that if all parts of the system are correct, the goal will be
successfully achieved.
TYPES OF TESTING
Unit testing:- Each component or part of the program is tested individually to verify
that the detailed design for unit has been correctly implemented.
System testing:- It is executing a program to check logic changes made in it and with
the intention of finding errors.
Acceptance testing:- It is running the system with live data by the actual user. Testing
the users accept or reject the system. Implementation phase of the project starts only if
the user accept the system.
Volume testing:- determines whether or not the system will be able to handle a large
volume of data. The volume should be a representation of the real life volume with
some provision for future growth.
Performance testing:- this is a corollary to volume testing. This testing focuses on the
performance of the system under large volumes and not just on the ability to handle it.
Stress testing:- Every system can experience a period of stress, which, usually lasts for
a short period. Although this is not a normal condition, the system must be capable of
handling it.
Regression testing:- When a system is changed in one part, it is possible that this
change could have affected the behavior of an unchanged part of the system..
Interface testing:- Whenever two or more modules handle common data particularly
write or update or use it as part of a calculation, then it become a case for interface
testing.
Security testing:- This attempts to verify that the protection mechanisms built into a
system, actually protect the system from unauthorized access.
Implementation
Meaning
a) Purchase of hardware
b) Preparation of site
c) Purchase of Environmental software
d) Installation of hardware and Environmental software
e) Training
a) Data Preparation is normally the most consuming and tedious task in the
implementation of most systems. During the implementation of a new system,
all data has to be transcribed to fit into the new formats and coding schemes,
and errors are rigorously checked to ensure no loss of information
b) Data Conversion is the process of converting data from the old system into a
format required by the new, automated system.
4) Training:-A Training Need Analysis has to be done for each of these groups to find
out what kind of training is required for each. Training Need Analysis can be consider
as the process of determining individual or group training needs for an organization.
There usually are several types of users within an organization and all types of users
dont need all kind of training.
1) Parallel Run:-In the parallel method of conversion the old system is operated
along with the new system for a while till all the teething problems of the new
system are sorted out and users are confident of operating the new system.
Advantages:-
Disadvantage:-
It doubles operating costs for a while .So long as the old system continues to run along
with the new one the latter does not get a fair chance of trial.
2)Direct Cutover:-The direct method of implementation means that the old system is
replaced with the new one and form the beginning itself the organization relies on the
new system.
Advantage:-
Its main advantage is that the organization immediately starts to see the benefits of the
new methods and controls that have been included in the new system.
Disadvantage:-
Its disadvantage is that there is no other system to fall back on, if a problem arises in he
new system. Because of this the new system has to be planned, developed and
Implemented with utmost care.
Disadvantage:-
Log phase in period causes unnecessary problems
Disadvantage:-
If conversion is not handled well and takes too long to be implemented in the whole
organization then the user may get the impression that the new system is not sound and
full of errors.
CODING
CODING
Also I think that system can be have improved on the user level interface. This would
have made this project more acceptable, in somewhat non-technical sense, to the
general layman user, who is more concerned about the superficial details and not the
technical working.
But still I believe that what I have achieved can never be over shadowed by what I
could not achieve.
CONCLUSION
System was developed and fasted in steps. Once the design was finalized, the format of
the output reports were set one by one after approval from the user department.
System was first tested on test data and then real data. Minor programming errors
were identified and rectified.
After rectifying the system was implemented successfully and accuracy was found.
The system, after testing, was found accurate to be implemented. After testing certain
limitations were found. Those limitations were upgraded as per the users
requirements. As the system is developed using Microsoft Access, further
enhancements can easily be done.
Once the system started working certain new things were found to be added into it, so
some reports coming from the user department are manual and they should also be
computerized. The system can also be made more user-friendly and interactive by
overcoming the limitations and the user will find him more informative.
Bibliography