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Chilled Beams
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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Passive Chilled Beam
ceiling
water pipes
coil
perforated
metal casing
nozzles
coils
ceiling
induced air
induced air +
primary air
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
2
Active Chilled Beams
primary
OA air handler
RA
EA active
PA PA chilled beam
RA RA RA
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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Induction of Mid-20th Century
window
Active Chilled Beams
Installed on ceiling rather than
under windows
More coil surface area
Lower air pressure required
induced
Warmer water temperature
room No condensation
air
More coil surface area
nozzles
Lower air pressure required
Larger ducts
floor Lower air pressure required
primary air Less noise
condensate
drain connection
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Chilled Beams
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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active chilled beams
Claimed Advantage #1
SA SA
Airflow needed to induce
sufficient room air (RA) to
offset the space sensible
cooling load
10
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
5
active chilled beams
Determining Primary Airflow Rate
Example: office space
Minimum OA per ASHRAE 62.1 0.085 cfm/ft2
(to achieve LEED IEQc2) (0.085 1.3 = 0.11 cfm/ft2)
ACB
C system
Airflow required to offset space 0.085 cfm/ft2 (DPTPA = 47F)
latent load 0.11 cfm/ft2 (DPTPA = 49F)
0.36 cfm/ft2 (DPTPA = 53F)
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12
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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Minimum Outdoor Airflow
Required by ASHRAE 62.1
typical ACB primary airflow
(0.30 to 0.70 cfm/ft2)
Barracks sleeping area
Classroom (age 9 plus) example (0.47 cfm/ft2)
Conference/meeting room
Corridor
Courtroom
Hotel bedroom/living room
Laboratory
Lecture classroom
Library
Lobby (hotel, dormitory)
Office space example (0.36 cfm/ft2)
Reception area
Retail sales floor
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.0
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14
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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active chilled beams
Claimed Advantage #3
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16
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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example
Zone Primary Airflow at Part Load
1.0 1.0
m/ft2 conventional
0.8 VAV system 0.8
e primary airflow, cfm
0.6 0.6
cold-air
active chilled VAV system
0.4 beam system 0.4
30% minimum
i i airflow
i fl setting
tti
zone
0.2 0.2
0 0
design design
space load
heating load cooling load
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constant-volume fan
OA 0.36 cfm/ft2
EA
RA active chilled beam system
PA PA central CV fan sized for sum-of-peaks
sum of peaks airflow
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Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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typical VAV system supply fan
Part-Load Performance
100
esign
80
fan input power, % of de
60
40
20 VAV supply
l fan
f
with VFD
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
supply fan airflow, % of design
19
0.8
design cooling
nput power, bhp/100
conventional conditions
VAV
0.6
active
0.4
chilled beam VAV uses
more fan energy
fan energy
0.2
68% of VAV supply
fan design airflow
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
supply fan airflow, cfm/ft2
20
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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supply fan energy use
ACB vs. Cold-Air VAV
1.0
00 ft2
0.8
nput power, bhp/100
0.6
cold-air design cooling
VAV conditions
active
VAV uses more
0.4
chilled beam fan energy
fan energy
0.2
80% of VAV supply
fan design airflow
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
supply fan airflow, cfm/ft2
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Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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Dedicated Chilled-Water Plants
chillers
variable-flow
pumps
bypass for
minimum flow
primary chilled
air handlers beams
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57F 42F
mixing
valve chilled beams
T
primary 42F 58F
air handlers
54F
63F
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Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
12
Chiller Energy Use
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Waterside Economizer
chillers
57F 42F
variable-flow
pumps
bypass for
minimum flow mixing variable-flow
valve pump
T
54F
63F chilled beams
from
cooling tower waterside economizer
heat exchanger
26
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
13
Pumping Energy: ACB vs. VAV
27
28
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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example office space
Cold vs. Neutral Primary Air
29
30
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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office building
Example Energy Analysis
Baseline chilled-water VAV system
ASHRAE 90.1-2007, Appendix G (55F supply air)
Active chilled beam system
Four-pipe active chilled beams
Separate primary AHUs for perimeter and
interior areas (with SAT reset and economizers)
Separate water-cooled chiller plants
(low-flow plant supplying primary AHUs)
High-performance chilled-water VAV system
48F supply l air
i (d
(ductwork
t k nott downsized)
d i d)
Optimized VAV system controls
(ventilation optimization, SAT reset)
Parallel fan-powered VAV terminals
Low-flow, water-cooled chiller plant
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10,000,000 Pumps
Fans
Heating
Annual Building Energy U
8,000,000 Cooling
Plug Loads
Lighting
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
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Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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Chilled Beams
33
ACB challenges
High Installed Cost
eight
i h (8) active
i chilled
hill d beams,
b
each 4-ft long x 2-ft wide
four (4) active chilled beams,
each 6-ft long x 2-ft wide
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Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
17
System design Impact on installed cost Impact on performance
variable of the chilled beams of the overall system
2-pipe versus 4-pipe A 2-pipe beam provides more cooling Using 2-pipe beams requires a separate
chilled beams capacity than a 4-pipe beam because more heating system, otherwise it can result in
coil surface is available poorer comfort control because either cold
water or warm water is delivered to all zones
Primary airflow rate Increasing the primary airflow rate through Increasing the primary airflow rate increases
(cfm) the nozzles results in more air being primary AHU fan energy use, increases noise
induced from the space
space, which increased in the space
space, and requires a larger primary
the capacity of the chilled beam coils AHU and larger ductwork
Inlet static pressure Increasing the static pressure at the inlet to Increasing the inlet pressure increases
of the primary air the nozzles results in more air being primary AHU fan energy use, and increases
induced from the space, which increased noise in the space
the capacity of the chilled beam coils
Dry-bulb temperature Delivering the primary air at a colder Using a colder primary-air temperature may
of the primary air temperature means that less of the space cause the space to overcool and low sensible
sensible cooling load needs to be offset by cooling loads, thus requiring the chilled beam
the chilled beams (or separate heating system) to add heat to
prevent overcooling space
Entering water Supplying colder water to the chilled beam Using a colder water temperature requires the
temperature increases the cooling capacity of the beam space dew point to be lower to avoid
condensation, which means the primary air
needs to be dehumidified to a lower dew point
Water flow rate Increasing the water flow rate increases the Increasing the water flow rate increases pump
(gpm) cooling capacity of the beam energy use and requires larger pipes and
pumps 35
ACB challenges
Need to Prevent Condensation
36
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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ACB challenges
Risk of Water Leaks
37
ACB challenges
No Filtration of Local Recirc Air
38
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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ACB challenges
Limited Heating Capability
39
Chilled Beams
40
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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Office Buildings
Why ACB might be a good fit: Why ACB might not be a good fit:
Low sensible cooling loads Low ventilation rates
Low latent loads resultlt in
i primary
i AHU
using mixed air
Not friendly for
re-configuring spaces
41
Schools
Why ACB might be a good fit: Why ACB might not be a good fit:
High ventilation rates High latent loads require
resultlt in
i primary
i AHU llow d
dew point
i t primary
i air
i
with 100% OA Lack of economizing
Low sound levels capacity
42
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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Hospital Patient Rooms
Why ACB might be a good fit: Why ACB might not be a good fit:
High minimum air change No local filtration
rates
t (6 ACH) ( d requirement?)
(code i t?)
Low latent loads
43
return airflow
44
Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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Patient Room: ACB System
active chilled beam
(qty 1, 10 ft long, 4-pipe)
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Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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Additional Resources
Understanding Chilled Beam Systems, Trane
Engineers Newsletter ADM-APN034-EN (2009)
www.trane.com/engineersnewsletter
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Trane, in proposing these system design and application concepts, assumes no responsibility for the performance or desirability of any
resulting system design. Design of the HVAC system is the prerogative and responsibility of the engineering professional.
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