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Chapter 14 \ Waves \ Help Page
Problem #1
The horn at the Ch'town Fire Department is 1456 m away from Colonel Gray.
If it takes 4.27 s to travel that distance, what is the velocity of the sound?
Given:
D = 1456 m
t = 4.27 s
The formula used in this problem is:
D=vt
Re-arrange formula so that:
v=D
t
Substitute the given measured values.
3 sig figs in answer because t = 4.27 s has least of those given.

See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #2
An electromagentic wave travels from Charlottetown to Los Angeles in 0.02154 s.

How far is L.A. from Ch'Town in kilometers?
Given:
You are given that it is an electromagnetic wave.

In your notes you will find that all electromagnetic waves travel at a velocity of 3.00 x
108 m/s.
v = 3.00 x 108 m/s
t = 0.02154 s
D=?
D=vt
Substitute v and t directly into formula.
3 sig figs in answer because 3.00 x 108 m/s has least of those given.
See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #3
How long would it take an electromagentic wave to travel around

the Earth at the equator where it is 24,000 km around?
Given:
You are given that it is an electromagnetic wave.

108 m/s.
t=?
v = 3.00 x 108 m/s
D = 24,000 km
D=vt
Rearrange formula so that:
t=D
v
See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #4
The velocity of sound in water is 1498 m/s. A sonar signal is sent fromthe surface
of the water and 1.80 s later the signal has bounced off the bottom of the ocean
and returned to the ship. How deep is the water below the ship in
kilometers? Video clip of Sonar
Given:
v = 1498 m/s
t = 1.80 s
D=?
The time given is for the wave to reflect off the bottom and echo back. This means
that the distance you will calculate is all the way down to the bottom and back up
again.
D=vt
Directly substitute the given measured values.
See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #5
a) What is the frequency of your typing if you type 36 words in 28 seconds?

b) What is the frequency at which you can deal cards if you hand out 46
cards in 22 seconds?
c) What is the frequency at which you take steps if it takes 9 seconds
for 23 steps?
d) What is the frequency at which you can read if it takes 47.8 seconds
to read 158 words?
e) What is the frequency at which waves pass you if you count 10 complete
waves in 217.8 seconds?
To find the frequency of anything you must know two things; the number of events
that took place and how much time it took for those events to take place.
f = # of events
total time
In 5 a) number of events = 36 words; total time = 28 seconds. So frequency = 36
words / 28 seconds.
The answer will have units of words/second or Hertz (Hz) which are the units for "the
number of any event per second"
In 5 c) 1 sig fig in answer because t = 9 seconds has 1 sig fig. See: Sig Fig Rules
In 5 d) 3 sig figs in answer because each measurement given had 3 sig figs. See: Sig
Fig Rules
In 5 e) 4 sig figs in answer because 10 is an exact value. See: Sig Fig Rules (exact
values)
Problem #6
What is the velocity of a mechanical wave that has a frequency of 0.15 Hz

and a wavelength of 8.75 m ?
Given:
v=?
f = 0.15 Hz
= 8.75 m
v=f
2 sig figs in answer because f = 0.15 Hz has only two sig figs.
See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #7
A mechanical wave with wavelength of 3.7 m has a velocity of 6.86 m/s.

Find its frequency.
Given:
= 3.7 m
v = 6.86 m/s
f=?
v=f
f= v

2 sig figs in answer because = 3.7 m has only two sig figs.
See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #8
A mechanical wave has a frequency of 1.46 Hz and travels

at a velocity of 13.1 m/s. What is its wavelength?
Given:
f = 1.46 Hz
v = 13.1 m/s
=?
v=f
= v
f
3 sig figs in answer because both given measurements have three sig figs.
See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #9
What is the frequency of a mechanical wave that has a wavelength

41 cm and a velocity of 0.121 m/s?
Given:
f=?
= 41 cm
v = 0.121 m/s
The symbols cm stand for centimeters.

It is using the metric prefix "c". It stands for centi.
For explanation see: Metric Prefixes
v=f
f= v

2 sig figs in answer because = 41 cm has only two sig figs.

See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #10
A sonar signal of frequency 1.00 x 106 Hz has a wavelength

of 1.50 mm in water. What is the velocity of the signal?
Given:
f = 1.00 x 106 Hz
= 1.50 mm
v=?
= 1.50 mm is using the metric prefix "m". It stands for milli.
v=f
See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #11
An electromagnetic wave has a wavelength of 1.87 nm. What is its frequency?
You are given = 1.87 nm and that it is an electromagnetic wave.

108 m/s.
Given:
= 1.87 nm
v = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s
f=?
= 1.87 nm is using the metric prefix "n". It stands for nano.

v=f
f= v

See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #12
Magic 93 broadcasts electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 93.1 MHz.

What is the wavelength?
You are given that Magic 93 is an electromagnetic wave and that it has f = 93.1 Mhz.
108 m/s.
Given:
f = 93.1 MHz
v = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s
=?
f = 93.1 MHz is using the metric prefix "M". It stands for mega.
v=f
= v
f
See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #13
What is the velocity of a mechanical wave if it has a frequency

of 20 mHz and you measure 9.9 m from a crest to a crest?
You are given f = 20 mHz, and that it is 9.9 m from crest to crest.
The "9.9 m from crest to crest" tells you that = 9.9 m.
Given:
v=?
f = 20 mHz
= 9.9 m
f = 20 mHz is using the metric prefix "m". It stands for milli.

v=f
2 sig figs in answer because both given measurements have two sig figs.
See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #14
What is the velocity of a mechanical wave if it has a wavelength of

74.8 cm and you count 5 complete waves passing in 7.3 seconds?
You are given that there are 5 complete waves in 7.3 seconds.
This will allow you to calculate the frequency like problem #5
Given:
v=?
= 74.8 cm
f=?
# number of events = 5 complete waves
total time = 7.3 s
= 74.8 cm is using the metric prefix "c". It stands for centi.

Two formulae are used in this problem:

f = number of events / total time and v=f
Substitute directly into first formula to find f.
Then use the unrounded answer for f in the second formula to find v.
2 sig figs in answer because one of the given measurements has only two sig figs.
See: Sig Fig Rules
5 complete waves is an exact value See: Sig Fig Rules

Problem #15
What is the velocity of a mechanical wave if it has a frequency

of 17 mHz and you measure 7.1 m from a crest to a trough?
You are given f = 17 mHz, and that it is 7.1 m from crest to trough.
The " 7.1 m from crest to trough " tells you that = 14.2 m because crest to trough is
half of a wavelength.
Given:
v=?
f = 17 mHz
= 14.2 m
f = 17 mHz is using the metric prefix "m". It stands for milli.

v=f
See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #16
A group of swimmers is resting on a raft. They estimate that it is 3.0 m from a

crest to a trough on the passing waves. They then count 14 complete waves pass
the raft in twenty seconds. What is the velocity of these waves?
You are given that it is 3.0 m from crest to trough.
You are given that there are 14 complete waves in twenty seconds.
This will allow you to calculate the frequency like problem #5 and problem #14
Given:
= 6.0 m
f=?
total time = 20 s

Then use the unrounded answer for f in the second formula to find v.
See: Sig Fig Rules
14 complete waves is an exact value See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #17a
Water waves in a lake travel a distance of 4.4 m in 1.8 s.

The time it takes for one complete wave to pass a certain point is 1.2 s
a) find the velocity of the wave.
Given:
D = 4.4 m
t = 1.8 s
D=vt
v=D
t
2 sig figs in answer because each of the given measured values has only two.
See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #17b

b) find the frequency.
# number of events = 1 complete wave

total time = 1.2 s
f = number of events / total time

2 sig figs in answer because t = 1.2 s has least of those given.
See: Sig Fig Rules
1 complete wave is an exact figure.

See: Sig Fig Rules
Problem #17c

c) find the wavelength.
Given: ( from part 17a and 17b -- unrounded because next step is still
multiplication and division. See: Sig Fig Rules)
f = 0.8333 Hz
v = 2.4444 m/s
=?

v=f
= v
f
Substitute the calculated values.
2 sig figs in answer because time t = 1.8 s, D = 4.4 m and t = 1.2 s all have 2 sig figs.
See: Sig Fig Rules
1 complete wave is an exact value. See: Sig Fig Rules

Example Problem #1
A sound wave travels 2.462 km in 8.73 s. What is the velocity of the sound?
You are given the distance the wave travelled. It is 2.462 km.
This measurement is using the metric prefix "k" in front of the "m" (meters). It stands
for kilo.
You must change D = 2.462 km into D = 2.462 x 10 3 m (or 2462 m) so that your
answer is stated in the standard unit for velocity which is meters/second or m/s.
You are also given the time it travelled. It is t = 8.73 seconds.
Given:
D = 2.462 x 103 m
t = 8.73 s
D=vt
v=D
t
v = 2462 m
8.73 s
v = 282.01604 m/s
v = 282 m/s
3 sig figs in answer because time t = 8.73 s had least of those given and the
mathematical operation used in this problem was multiplying/dividing. See: Sig Fig
Rules
Example Problem #2
An electromagentic wave travels for 21.38 ms. How far does it travel in
kilometers?
You are given that the wave is electromagnetic. This tells you the velocity of the
wave.
All electromagnetic waves travel at 3.00 x 108 m/s.
You are also given the time it travelled. It is 21.38 ms.
This measurement is using the metric prefix "m" in front of the "s" (seconds).
It stands for milli.
Given:
v = 3.00 x 108 m/s

t = 21.38 x 10-3 s (or 0.02138 s)
D=vt
Substitute the given measured values directly into formula.
D = ( 3.00 x 108 m/s ) ( 21.38 x 10-3 s )
D = 6.414 x 106 m
D = 6.414 x ( 103 . 103 ) m
D = 6.41 x 103 km
3 sig figs in answer because time 3.00 x 10 8 m/s had least of those given and the
mathematical operation used in this problem was multiplying/dividing. See: Sig Fig
Rules
Example Problem #3
What is the frequency of your dribbling if you bounce a ball 27 times in 20

seconds?
You are given that there are 27 bounces (the event) in a total time of 20 s.
Given:
# of events = 27 bounces
t = 20 s
f = # of events
total time
Substitute givens directly into formula. It doesn't need to be re-arranged.
f = 27 bounces
20 s
f = 1.35 bounces/second or 1.35 Hz.

(Hz is the symbol for Hertz which is equal to: # of any event/second.)
f = 1.4 Hz
2 sig figs in answer because both measurements given had two and the
mathematical operation used in this problem was multiplying/dividing.
See: Sig Fig Rules
Example Problem #4
What is the frequency of a mechanical wave that has a velocity

of 1.77 m/s and a wavelength of 12.05 m ?
You are given the velocity (symbol: v) and the wavelength (symbol: ).
Given:
v = 1.77 m/s
= 12.05 m

v=f
f= v

f = 1.77 m/s
12.05 m
f = 0.1468879 Hz
f = 0.147 Hz
3 sig figs in answer because time v = 1.77 m/s had least of those given and
the mathematical operation used in this problem was multiplying/dividing.
See: Sig Fig Rules
Example Problem #5
You count 17 complete waves pass a certain point in 120 s and you measure 5.50
m from a crest to a trough on the passing waves. What is the velocity of these
waves?
You are given that there are 17 complete waves (the event) in a total time of 120 s.
You are given 1/2 = 5.50 m.
Given:
total time = 120 s
= 11.0 m
v=?

f = 17 waves
120 s
f = 0.1416666 waves/second or 0.1416666 Hz.
(Hz is the symbol for Hertz which is equal to: # of any event/second.)
Since this number is going to be used again and you will

be multiplying/dividing again, we don't round it off.
(We haven't changed the group of operations we are working with)
See: Sig Fig Rules
Now use the unrounded answer for f in the second formula to find v.
v = ( 0.1416666 Hz ) ( 11.0 m )
v = 1.5583333 m/s
v = 1.56 m/s
3 sig figs in answer because both given values have 3 sig figs. See: Sig Fig Rules
17 complete waves is an exact figure. See: Sig Fig Rules (exact values)
Written Question #4
How is a transverse wave different from a longitudinal wave?
Write complete.
The key concepts are:
direction of motion of particle
direction of motion of wave
longitudinal
Written Question #4

Write complete.
longitudinal
A transverse is when it moves up and down and a

longitudinal is when it moves back and forth.
Mark
Written Question #4

Write complete.
longitudinal
A transverse is when it moves up and down and a

longitudinal is when it moves back and forth.
Poor 0.5/3
Written Question #4

Write complete.
longitudinal
A transverse wave is when the particles moves up and down

and a longitudinal is when the particles move back and
forth.
Mark
Written Question #4

Write complete.
longitudinal
A transverse wave is when the particles moves up and down
and a longitudinal is when the particles move back and
forth.
Fair 1/3
Written Question #4

Write complete.
longitudinal
In a transverse wave, the particles move up and down when

the wave goes from left to right. In a longitudinal wave, the
particles move back and forth when the wave goes from left
to right.
Mark
Written Question #4

Write complete.
longitudinal
In a transverse wave, the particles move up and down when

the wave goes from left to right. In a longitudinal wave, the
particles move back and forth when the wave goes from left
to right.
Better 2/3
Written Question #4
Write complete.
longitudinal
In a transverse wave, the particles move perpendicular to

the direction of motion of the wave while in a longitudinal
wave the particles move parallel to the direction of motion of
the wave.
Mark
Written Question #4

Write complete.
longitudinal
In a transverse wave, the particles move perpendicular to
the direction of motion of the wave while in a longitudinal
wave the particles move parellel to the direction of motion of
the wave.
BEST 3/3
Written Question #9
When making waves in water using your finger, the wavelength

will change if you move your finger in and out faster.
Will the wavelength be longer or shorter and Why? Write complete.
frequency
relationship between f , v and

Written Question #15
Sonar is the detection of sound waves reflected off boundaries in
water. A region of cold water in a warm lake can produce a
reflection, as can the bottom of the lake. Which would you
expect to produce the stronger echo? Explain. Write complete.
boundary
incident, transmitted, reflected wave
energy reflected
Warm water is less dense that cool water but they are very similar in density.
Bottom of the lake is more dense than cool water and they are very different densities.
Video clip of Sonar

Written Question #21
You can make water slosh back and forth in a shallow pan only if you
shake the pan with the correct frequency. Explain. Write complete.
frequency
resonance

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Chapter 14 \ Waves \ Help Page

The formula used in this problem is:

3 sig figs in answer because t = 4.27 s has least of those given.

An electromagentic wave travels from Charlottetown to Los Angeles in 0.02154 s.

You are given that it is an electromagnetic wave.

The formula used in this problem is:

How long would it take an electromagentic wave to travel around

You are given that it is an electromagnetic wave.

The formula used in this problem is:

The formula used in this problem is:

a) What is the frequency of your typing if you type 36 words in 28 seconds?

What is the velocity of a mechanical wave that has a frequency of 0.15 Hz

The formula used in this problem is:

A mechanical wave with wavelength of 3.7 m has a velocity of 6.86 m/s.

The formula used in this problem is:

A mechanical wave has a frequency of 1.46 Hz and travels

The formula used in this problem is:

What is the frequency of a mechanical wave that has a wavelength

The symbols cm stand for centimeters.

The formula used in this problem is:

2 sig figs in answer because = 41 cm has only two sig figs.

A sonar signal of frequency 1.00 x 106 Hz has a wavelength

The formula used in this problem is:

An electromagnetic wave has a wavelength of 1.87 nm. What is its frequency?

You are given = 1.87 nm and that it is an electromagnetic wave.

= 1.87 nm is using the metric prefix "n". It stands for nano.

The formula used in this problem is:

Magic 93 broadcasts electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 93.1 MHz.

The formula used in this problem is:

What is the velocity of a mechanical wave if it has a frequency

f = 20 mHz is using the metric prefix "m". It stands for milli.

The formula used in this problem is:

What is the velocity of a mechanical wave if it has a wavelength of

= 74.8 cm is using the metric prefix "c". It stands for centi.

Two formulae are used in this problem:

5 complete waves is an exact value See: Sig Fig Rules

What is the velocity of a mechanical wave if it has a frequency

f = 17 mHz is using the metric prefix "m". It stands for milli.

The formula used in this problem is:

A group of swimmers is resting on a raft. They estimate that it is 3.0 m from a

You are given that it is 3.0 m from crest to trough.

Two formulae are used in this problem:

f = number of events / total time and v=f

Water waves in a lake travel a distance of 4.4 m in 1.8 s.

a) find the velocity of the wave.

The formula used in this problem is:

Water waves in a lake travel a distance of 4.4 m in 1.8 s.

b) find the frequency.

# number of events = 1 complete wave

The formula used in this problem is:

f = number of events / total time

1 complete wave is an exact figure.

Water waves in a lake travel a distance of 4.4 m in 1.8 s.

c) find the wavelength.

The formula used in this problem is:

1 complete wave is an exact value. See: Sig Fig Rules

You are also given the time it travelled. It is t = 8.73 seconds.

You are also given the time it travelled. It is 21.38 ms.

v = 3.00 x 108 m/s

The formula used in this problem is:

D = ( 3.00 x 108 m/s ) ( 21.38 x 10-3 s )

D = 6.414 x ( 103 . 103 ) m

What is the frequency of your dribbling if you bounce a ball 27 times in 20