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Preface
Introduction
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment provide
full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of
this manual, and read relevant chapter carefully.
This chapter describes the safety precautions recommended when using the equipment. Before
installing and using the equipment, this chapter must be thoroughly read and understood.
The information in this chapter of the equipment documentation is intended to ensure that
equipment is properly installed and handled in order to maintain it in a safe condition.
When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts of
the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use, or improper use may endanger
personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.
Before working in the terminal strip area, the equipment must be isolated.
Proper and safe operation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling,
proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and
servicing. For this reason, only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment.
z Are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and of the
system to which it is being connected;
z Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and to
isolate, ground, and label it;
z Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering
practices;
DANGER!
It means that death, severe personal injury, or considerable equipment damage will occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
WARNING!
It means that death, severe personal, or considerable equipment damage could occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
CAUTION!
It means that light personal injury or equipment damage may occur if safety precautions are
disregarded. This particularly applies to damage to the device and to resulting damage of the
protected equipment.
WARNING!
The firmware may be upgraded to add new features or enhance/modify existing features, please
make sure that the version of this manual is compatible with the product in your hand.
WARNING!
During operation of electrical equipment, certain parts of these devices are under high voltage.
Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could result from improper behavior.
Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in the vicinity of this equipment. These
personnel must be familiar with all warnings and service procedures described in this manual, as
well as safety regulations.
In particular, the general facility and safety regulations for work with high-voltage equipment must
be observed. Noncompliance may result in death, injury, or significant equipment damage.
DANGER!
Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be
opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a dangerously high
voltage.
WARNING!
z Exposed terminals
Do not touch the exposed terminals of this equipment while the power is on, as the high voltage
generated is dangerous
z Residual voltage
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power supply. It
takes a few seconds for the voltage to discharge.
CAUTION!
z Earth
z Operating environment
The equipment must only be used within the range of ambient environment detailed in the
specification and in an environment free of abnormal vibration.
z Ratings
Before applying AC voltage and current or the DC power supply to the equipment, check that they
conform to the equipment ratings.
Do not attach and remove printed circuit boards when DC power to the equipment is on, as this
may cause the equipment to malfunction.
z External circuit
When connecting the output contacts of the equipment to an external circuit, carefully check the
supply voltage used in order to prevent the connected circuit from overheating.
z Connection cable
Copyright
Manual: V1.00 NANJING NARI-RELAYS ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
P/N: EN_XLBH5104.0060.1101 69 SuYuan. Avenue, Nanjing 211102China
Copyright NR 2009. All rights reserved
Tel: 86-25-87178185, Fax: 86-25-87178208
We reserve all rights to this document and to the information Website: www.nari-relays.com
contained herein. Improper use in particular reproduction and Email: international@nari-relays.com
dissemination to third parties is strictly forbidden except where
expressly authorized.
Table of Contents
Preface ....................................................................................................................................... i
Introduction........................................................................................................................ i
1.3 Features........................................................................................................................3
5.1 Metering......................................................................................................................79
9.1 Overview...................................................................................................................145
9.2.4 PRINT..............................................................................................................153
13.2 Disposal..................................................................................................................213
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Application
The PCS-931 is a digital EHV line differential relay with the main and back-up protection functions,
which mainly is designed for transmission line of 220KV and above.
The main protection of PCS-931 comprises of current differential protection, which can clear the
fault immediately for the whole line. DPFC distance protection can reach to extremely fast speed
for the fault near the busbar.
PCS-931 can implement single-phase or three-phase trip and configurable auto-reclosing that can
implement 1-pole AR, 3-poles AR and 1/3-pole AR.
1.2 Function
1. Main protection
2. Backup protection
3. Additional function
Auto-reclosing (79)
Note!
1.3 Features
It adopts the new UAPC hardware platform of NR, and its AC inputs can support the electric
instrument transformer and conventional instrument transformer.
It adopts the high performance MCU and DSP processors, high-speed inner bus and
intelligent I/O interfaces. The modularization design of the hardware and software makes this
device be configured to meet the demands of different practical application, and it is very
convenient for maintenance.
This protection device can communicate with SAS or RTU, optional communication protocol:
IEC60870-5-103 or IEC61850
Quickly clearing the internal fault for whole line, the time is less than 10 ms for fault where is
near the busbar, is less than 15ms for fault where is in the center of line and is less than 25ms
for fault where is in the remote end.
Plug connectors from the relay rear panel to the terminal blocks on the rack or cabinet, which
makes the on-site commissioning and replacement much easier than what you do the
commissioning using the traditional screw terminals on the rear panel.
Two independent data acquisition paths, one for fault detector element and another for
protections and logic functions, to prevent any undesired trip.
The unique DPFC distance element is integrated in the protective device, which can clear the
internal fault quickly with high sensitivity and high speed and is not affected by power swing.
Self-adaptive floating threshold which only reflects deviation of power frequency component
can defend system imbalance and system disturbance. Hence, it is both rather reliable and
very fast, and it is very sensitive but does not pickup frequently.
Main protection adopts integral transform to ensure high-speed; Back-up protection adopts
Fourier transform, which has an excellent filtering result, to ensure accuracy.
24 samples per cycle, all task including data measurement, protection calculation, logic
discrimination, event recording and protection logic calculation could be done within one
sampling period.
GPS clock synchronization PPS (pulse per second), PPM (pulse per minute) and IRIG-B
synchronization
2. Communication
2~4 optional Ethernet ports, IEC 61850, or IEC 60870-5-103 over TCP/IP
Event Recorder including 1024 tripping report, 1024 binary input change reports, 1024
self-supervision reports and 1024 control reports.
Disturbance recorder including 64 fault reports with waveforms (The file format of disturbance
recorder is compatible with international COMTRADE file.)
4. User Interface
Friendly HMI interface with 320240-dot LCD and 9-button keypad on the front panel.
2. Analog voltage
Enclosure dimensions
482.6177291 (unit: mm)
(WHD)
Mounting Way Flush mounted
Trepanning
450179, M6 screw
dimensions (WH)
Housing color Silver grey
Weight per device Approx. 20kg
2.6 Certifications
z ISO9001: 2000
z ISO14001:2004
z OHSAS18001: 1999
z ISO10012:2003
z CMMI L3
Using dedicated channel and transmission distance is greater than 40kM, PCS-931 is equipped
with 1550nm laser emitter.
Accuracy: 1%Setting+40ms
Accuracy: 1%Setting+40ms
Accuracy: 1%Setting+40ms
Accuracy: 1%Setting+40ms
Tolerance will be higher in case of single-phase fault with high ground resistance.
2.7.12 Auto-Reclosing
Item Range Accuracy
Frequency difference 0.01~1.00 Hz 0.01 Hz
Phase difference 0~89 deg 2.0 deg
Voltage difference 0.02~0.8Un 1.0% Un
Designing hardware platform of PCS-931 based on the dual processor (DSP and CPU), two
independent fault detector elements are provided for each protection logic, i.e. GFD (general fault
detector element) and PFD (protective fault detector element).
GFD is used to control the output circuit of the protective device. PFD is used to trigger the
calculation of protective elements. Under the normal condition, the positive pole of DC power
supplied to tripping outputs is continually supervised by GFD, and the output circuit will be
switched on for tripping or reclosing only when GFD operates. It means that the relay will have the
capability to output a final tripping or reclosing signal while both GFD and PFD operate.
Main part of GFD is DPFC overcurrent fault detector element that reflects the deviation of
phase-to-phase power frequency current, and zero-sequence overcurrent fault detector element
that reflects total current is taken as supplementary.
If any of the above fault detector elements operates, the GFD will operate to provide DC power
supply to the output relays to enable the output circuit.
Its criterion:
Where:
If operating condition is met, DPFC overcurrent element will operate to provide DC power supply
for output relay, and pickup signal will be kept 7 seconds after DPFC overcurrent element drops
out.
Where:
3I0: zero-sequence current derived at the neutral current circuit from three-phase currents
3I0Cal: zero-sequence current calculated depending on the summation of IA, IB and IC (i.e.
3I0Cal=IA+IB+IC)
If operating condition is met, zero-sequence overcurrent element will operate to provide DC power
supply for output relay, and pickup signal will be kept 7 seconds after zero-sequence overcurrent
element drops out.
When CT circuit failure is detected, this element will be disabled and an alarm [Alm_CTS] will be
issued.
Note!
The zero-sequence current should be connected to the protective device; otherwise all
protection elements corresponding with zero-sequence current will be blocked.
The auxiliary voltage element will operate to provide DC power supply for output relay and pickup
signal will be kept 7 seconds after auxiliary voltage element drops out.
Note!
Here UN is the rated secondary phase voltage of VT. UNN is the rated secondary
phase-to-phase voltage of VT. (UN means phase voltage; UNN means phase-to-phase
voltage)
The protective fault detection element is the same as the general fault detection element.
The power system is normally treated as a balanced symmetrical three-phase network. When a
fault occurs in the power system, by applying the principle of superposition, the load currents and
voltage can be calculated in the system prior to the fault and the pure fault component can be
calculated by whole fault current or voltage subtracted by load current or voltage. DPFC distance
protection reflects deviation of power frequency, therefore, only pure fault current and voltage is
useful to DPFC distance protection which is not influenced by load current and voltage.
jX
ZZD
ZK
R
ZS+ZK
-ZS
ZS: Total impedance between local system and protective device location
Figure 3.4-1 shows the operation characteristic of the DPFC distance element on R-X plane when
a fault occurs in forward direction, which is the circle with the Zs as the center and theZs+Zzd
as the radius. When measured impedance Zk is in the circle, the DPFC distance element will
operate. The DPFC distance element has a large capability of enduring fault resistance. When
there is infeed current from power source at the other end in the fault resistance, the phase of IN
is the same as I and the phase of voltage of fault resistance is same as I, so the fault resistance
appears resistive and is in parallel with R axes. The overreaching problem that results from infeed
current can be prevented.
Figure 3.4-2 shows the operation characteristic of the DPFC distance element on R-X plane when
a fault occurs in reverse direction, which is the circle with the Z's as the center and the Z's-Zzd
as the radius. The region of operation is in the quadrant 1 but the measured impedance Zk is
always in the quadrant 3, so the DPFC distance element will not operate and have the definite
directionality.
Note!
The DPFC distance protection can be enabled or disabled by corresponding logic setting
and binary input. Please refer to section 8.4.
3.5.1 Application
Current differential protection can be used as main protection of EHV and HV overhead line or
cable. It includes phase-segregated current differential protection and zero-sequence current
differential protection.
Current differential protection exchanges information among ends by optical fibre channel. The
protection device can flexibly select dedicated optical fibre channel or multiplex channel. The
protection device can calculate channel delay in real time, and adjust sample instant to ensure
synchronism sampling of each end based on channel delay. The channel delay is calculated on
the premise that the routine of both directions (receiving and sending) shall be same to each other.
The communication rate used by protection device is 2048kbit/s. The maximum one-way channel
propagation delay is 20ms. A transfer trip and two transfer signals can be transmitted to the
remote end to fulfill some auxiliary functions via a communication channel.
Operation criteria:
Where:
1.5UN
IH : Max(1.5[I_Diff], )
X C1L
Operation criteria:
Where:
1.25UN
IQ : Max([I_Diff], )
X C1L
IDiff
k=1
k=0.75
IQ
IBias
When the above criterion is met, the stage 2 of DPFC current differential element will operate after
25ms.
Operation criteria :
Where:
1.5UN
IH : Max(1.5[I_Diff], )
X C1L
Operation criteria :
Where:
1.25UN
IM : Max([I_Diff], )
X C1L
When the above criterion is met, the stage 2 of steady-state differential current relay will operate
after 25ms.
operation criteria:
IDiff0 > IM
Equation 3.5-5
IDiff > 0.15 IBias
IDiff > IM
Where:
IM : [I_Diff]
When the above criterion is met, the zero sequence differential current relay will operate after
45ms.
For the long transmission line whose capacitance current is very large, in order to increase the
sensitivity of zero-sequence current differential element when a ground fault associated with fault
resistance occurs, capacitance current must be compensated to eliminate the effect that
capacitance current has on differential current. The traditional method of compensating
capacitance current can only compensate steady-state capacitance current. However, during the
transient period, such as closing circuit breaker to no-load line, clearing external fault and so on,
there are large transient capacitance current in the line. The traditional method cannot
compensate the capacitance current completely, hence, a new method is available, which can
compensate transient component of capacitance current.
Phase capacitance current of line can be derived from equivalent circuit. For normal operation
condition, closing circuit breaker to no-load line and clearing external fault, not only steady-state
component of capacitance current but also transient component of capacitance current can be
compensated. It can improve the sensitivity of differential protection.
For different system frequency, the capacitance current which is shown in above figure can be
calculated by:
duc
ic = C Equation 3.5-6
dt
Where:
C : Capacitance value
Based on the result of above equation, i.e. Equation 3.5-6, capacitance of each phase can be gained.
Because a part of capacitance current has been compensated by shunt reactor, reactance current
IL must be subtracted from capacitance current calculated by above equation, i.e. Equation 3.5-6.
Because the current and voltage of reactor meet the following relation:
diL (t)
UL (t) - Uf (t) = L P Equation 3.5-7
dt
To perform integral operation for Equation 3.5-7 from t to t-t, IL can be calculated by:
1 t
iL (t) = iL (t - t) +
LP [U (t) U (t)]dt
t t
L f Equation 3.5-8
Then,
duc
ic = C iL (t) Equation 3.5-9
dt
Because capacitance current is very small, the sensitivity of current differential protection can still
meet the requirement. The function, capacitance current compensation, will be disabled
automatically if differential current is smaller than 01IN.
3.5.2.7 CT Supervision
If CT circuit failure occurs, delayed alarm will be issued. When CT circuit failure occurs on an end,
the FD and current differential protection on this end might operate at once. However, FD on
another end will not operate and not send any permissive signal of current differential relay.
Therefore, the current differential protection will not maloperate. Meanwhile the healthy end will
issue alarm signal [Alm_Diff_ChA] which will be treated as the same as the alarm [Alm_CTS].
However, if CT circuit failure associated with internal fault or pickup due to system disturbance is
detected, the protective device will show two kinds of behavior.
If logic setting [En_CTSBlkDiff] (differential protection being blocked during CT circuit failure) is set
as 1, the differential protection will be blocked.
If logic setting [En_CTSBlkDiff] is set as 0 and the differential current of the faulty phase is more
than the differential current setting [I_Diff_CTS] during CT circuit failure, the differential protection
will operate with alarm signal being issued at the same time.
3.5.2.8 CT Saturation
The incorrect operating of current differential protection would occur due to transient CT saturation
at the moment when external fault occurs. Hence, the protective device adopts high restraint
coefficient and self-adaptive floating restraint threshold, which can prevent current differential
protection from mal-operation even in serious saturation case.
One of the protection devices on both ends is set as reference end (the end whose ID code is
greater, [ID_Local]>[ID_Remote]) and normally called master; the device on the other end is set
as synchronous end (the end whose ID code is smaller, [ID_Local]<[ID_Remote]) and normally
called slave. The protection device exchanges information of both ends through synchronous
mode. The sampling interval of the reference end is fixed and the synchronous end will adjust
sampling interval at any time until the synchronization condition is satisfied.
The preconditions for synchronous sampling of the protection devices on both ends include:
1. The maximum time delay of the single-directional transmission of the channel 20ms.
2. The receiving and sending route of the channel shall be conformable (i.e. the transmission
time delay of the two directions shall be equivalent).
Side S sends a frame of message to side M, and meanwhile records the sending time tss on the
basis of relative clock on side S. When side M receives the message, it will take the relative clock
of the device on side M as the basis to record receiving time tmr of the message, and send a
frame of message to side S at next fixed time, meanwhile take tms-tmr as the content of
message. Side S will receive the message from side M at the time tsr and obtain tms-tmr.
Therefore, we can obtain the time delay of the channel Td through calculation:
(t sr t ss ) (t ms t mr )
Td =
2
2. Measure the sampling time error of the protection devices on both ends through the slave and
adjust the slaves time of sampling pulse according to the time delay of the channel, to realize
synchronous sampling.
The master implements the sampling in fixed interval Tsm and meanwhile sends message to the
slave on the basis of internal clock of the protection device. When the slave receives the message
from the master, it can know the sampling time of the master according to the time delay of the
channel and obtain the sampling time error T of the protection devices on both ends according
to its current sampling time. It is shown in Figure 3.5-9. The slave adjusts the next sampling time to
make T0. When T is less than the error, we can think the protection devices on both ends
realize synchronous sampling.
Depending on the difference of the amount of optic fibre core and the distance permitted to
transmit, the protection device can select two modes including dedicated optical fibre channel and
multiplex channel. The multiplex channel is not recommended unless the receiver power does not
meet the requirement due to too long transmission line.
Dedicated 2048kbit/s channel is shown in Figure 3.5-10, Two fibre cores of optical cable are
dedicated to differential protection
Coaxial cable
Pig Tail
RX SDH Device Optic fibre
Differential communication
2048kbit/s MUX2M
Protection TX E1Interface
net
Pig Tail
The differential relay sends and receives data based on respective clock, which are called transmit
clock (i.e. clock TX) and receive clock (i.e. clock RX) respectively. Clock RX is fixed to be extracted
from data frame, which can ensure no drop-out data code generated and no receive error data
code received. Clock TX has two options:
1) Use internal crystal clock, which is called internal clock. (master clock)
Depend on the difference of the clock used by the differential relays of the two terminals, there are
three modes.
1. Master-master mode
2. Slave-slave mode
3. Master-slave mode
One of them uses internal clock, the other uses external clock. (Not recommended)
Depending on the logic setting [En_InnClock_ChA], current differential protection selects the
communication clock mode. The inner clock is enabled automatically when the logic setting
[En_InnClock_ChA] is set as 1. Contrarily, the outer clock is enabled automatically when the
If the protection device uses multiplex PCM channel, logic setting [En_InnClock_ChA] at both
ends should be set as 0. If the protection device uses dedicated optical fibre channel, logic
setting [En_InnClock_ChA] at both ends should be set as 1.
In order to ensure reliability of protection device when digital communication channel is applied,
providing settings [ID_Local] and [ID_Remote] is used as identity code to distinguish uniquely
protection device in the remote end using same channel.
During normal operation, the identity code of protection device in the end should be different with
that of protection device in the remote end. In addition, it should be different with that of protection
device used to protect other transmission line. In one word, identity code of protection device, i.e.,
the setting [ID_Local], should have uniqueness in the power grid. The setting range is from 0 to
65535. Only under the test mode, they can be set as the same.
The end of which setting [ID_Local] should be same as the [ID_Remote] of the other and the
greater [ID_Local] between the two ends is chosen as a master end for sampling synchronism, the
other is a slave end. If the setting [ID_Local] is set as same as [ID_Remote], that means the
equipment in loopback testing state.
The setting [ID_Local] is packaged in the data frame and send to the remote end of line through
channel. When [ID_Local] received by protection device is same to the setting [ID_Remote] of this
protection device, the message received comes from the remote end of line certainly and is valid,
and protection information involved in message is read. When they are not equal, the message is
thought as invalid and protection information involved in message is ignored. corresponding
alarms [Alm_ID_ChA] and [Alm_ChA] will be issued.
The protection device has the function of channel statistics and can monitor the channel status on
line. The protection device can form a channel statistic report automatically at 9:00 every day and
the report can be printed for operator to understand the channel quality. The monitoring contents
of channel status are shown as follows, and they can be gained by the menu VALUES
COMM_CH_STATE.
It shows the starting time of the channel status statistics of the protection device in the local end.
It shows the ID information received by the device on this end under present conditions.
It shows the calculated data of the channel time delay of the protection device on this end under
present conditions. (unit:us)
It shows the total numbers of the wrong frames of the device on this end from starting time of
channel statistics till now. (the maximum is 65535, counted again from 0 if beyond 65535)
It shows the total numbers of abnormal messages of the device on this end from starting time of
channel statistics till now. (the maximum is 65535, counted again from 0 if beyond 65535)
It shows the total numbers of the invalid frames of the device on this end from starting time of
channel statistics till now. (the maximum is 65535, counted again from 0 if beyond 65535)
It shows the total numbers of abnormal messages received from the remote end from starting time
of channel statistics till now. (the maximum is 65535, counted again from 0 if beyond 65535)
It shows the total numbers of seriously error frame seconds of the protection device on this side
from starting time of the channel statistics till now. (the maximum is 65535, counted again from 0 if
beyond 65535)
It shows the desynchronizing times of the protection device on this end from starting time of
channel statistics till now. (the maximum is 65535, counted again from 0 if beyond 65535)
Where:
Where:
A: phase A
B: phase B
C: phase C
Idiff>[I_Diff_CTS] &
[En_CTSBlkDiff ]
>=1
CT circuit failure >=1
[Alm_Diff_ChA]
&
DIFF Enable (Local end) &
&
Differential condition 1 (A)
Common differential condition (A)
&
Differential condition 1 (B)
Common differential condition (B)
&
Differential condition 1 (C)
Common differential condition (C)
When binary input [EBI_DiffP], virtual binary input [VEBI_DiffP] and logic setting [En_DiffP_ChA]
are all set as 1, the signal DIFF Enable is valid. They can be visible or invisible in the protection
device through configuration based on different project. If they are invisible, the signal DIFF
Enable (Local end) is valid by default.
The signal DIFF Enable (Remote end) is an information from the remote end via optical fibre
channel, which is used to indicate whether current differential protection in the remote end is
enabled or not.
[En_DPFC_Diff1]
Op_DPFC_Diff1 (A)
>=1
Op_DPFC_Diff1 (B) Op_DPFC_Diff1
Op_DPFC_Diff1 (C)
Where:
[En_DPFC_Diff2]
Op_DPFC_Diff2 (A)
>=1
Op_DPFC_Diff2 (B) Op_DPFC_Diff2
Op_DPFC_Diff2 (C)
Where:
[En_Stdy_Diff1]
Op_Stdy_Diff1 (A)
>=1
Op_Stdy_Diff1 (B) Op_Stdy_Diff1
Op_Stdy_Diff1 (C)
Where:
[En_Stdy_Diff2]
Op_Stdy_Diff2 (A)
>=1
Op_Stdy_Diff2 (B) Op_Stdy_Diff2
Op_Stdy_Diff2 (C)
Where:
[En_REF]
Op_REF (A)
>=1
Op_REF (B) Op_REF
Op_REF (C)
[En_PhSeg_RecvTT]
Op_PhSeg_RecvTT (A)
>=1
Op_PhSeg_RecvTT (B) Op_PhSeg_RecvTT
Op_PhSeg_RecvTT (C)
At weak infeed end, current fault detector element maybe does not operate, weak infeed logic
determines whether weak infeed condition is met by distinguishing voltage and current conditions.
When three binary inputs [BI_52b_Pha], [BI_52b_Phb] and [BI_52b_Phc] are all energized, the
protection device thinks circuit breaker as be in open position.
[En_DiffP_ChA]
Alm_FrameLoss_ChA
>=1
Alm_ID_ChA Alm_ChA
Where:
CHA: channel A
3.6.1 Application
The fault current on long transmission lines depends mostly on the fault position and decreases
with the distance from the generation point. For this reason the protection must operate very
quickly for faults very close to the generation (and protective device) point, for which very high fault
currents are characteristic.
The conventional distance protection can manage the fault clearance of earth-faults in most of the
cases. In some applications, especially applications with long lines, the clearance can be
improved by use of an instantaneous zero-sequence overcurrent protection.
Each stage can be enabled or disabled by corresponding logic setting respectively. For stage 3
and stage 4, when the accelerated tripping condition is met, they will operate to trip with a shorter
time delay (subtract 500ms) if the logic settings [En_ROC3_SOTF] and [EN_ROC4_SOTF] are set
as 1.
3I0>[I_ROC_FD]
&
3I0Cal>[I_ROC_FD]
& ROC DIR+
F0+
F0-
& ROC DIR-
[t_ROC2]
[En_ROC2] & Op_ROC2
1
[En_Dir_ROC3]
[En_ROC3]
T1 500ms
3I0Cal > [I_ROC3] &
& 1 Op_ROC3
1
&
Tripping command
&
Fault detector
&
[En_ROC4_SOTF]
1
[En_Dir_ROC4]
[En_ROC4]
T2 500ms
3I0Cal > [I_ROC4] &
& 1 Op_ROC4
1 &
Tripping command
&
Fault detector
&
[En_ROC4_SOTF]
Where:
T1: [t_ROC3]-500ms
T2: [t_ROC4]-500ms
Reverse direction
UJ
lm=-780
Forward direction
IJ
Where:
The stage 1 and stage 2 of phase overcurrent protections are only definite-time characteristic.
However, the stage 3 of phase overcurrent protection it also can be set as inverse definite
minimum time (IDMT) overcurrent protection.
When the stage 3 of phase overcurrent protection also can be used as inverse definite minimum
time (IDMT) overcurrent protection, various methods are available to achieve correct relay
coordination on a system; by means of time alone, current alone or a combination of both time and
current. Grading by means of current is only possible where there is an appreciable difference in
fault level between the two relay locations. Grading by time is used by some utilities but can often
lead to excessive fault clearance times at or near source substations where the fault level is
highest. For these reasons the most commonly applied characteristic in coordinating overcurrent
relays is the IDMT type. The inverse time characteristic complies with the following formula (based
on IEC60255-4 standard).
t= TP
( I / I p ) 1
Where:
= Constant
= Constant
t = Operation time
I = Measured current
Ip is the current threshold setting; the current setting of the stage 3 of phase overcurrent
protection [I_OC3] is used as the Ip in this relay. If the stage 4 overcurrent protection is used
as IDMT overcurrent protection.
Tp is the time multiplier setting; the time setting of the stage 3 of phase overcurrent protection
[t_OC3] is used as the Tp in this relay. If the stage 3 of phase overcurrent protection is used as
IDMT overcurrent protection.
Three types of IDMT characteristic curves are applied in this relay. The setting [Opt_InvOC3] can
be used to select the expected curve.
VT circuit failure
Forward direction
1
[En_Dir_OC1] &
& [t_OC1]
Op_OC1
Max(IA, IB, IC)> [I_OC1]
[En_OC1]
1
[En_Dir_OC2] &
& [t_OC2]
Op_OC2
Max(IA, IB, IC)> [I_OC2]
[En_ROC2]
1
[En_Dir_OC3] &
& [t_OC3]
Op_OC3
Max(IA, IB, IC)> [I_OC3]
[En_OC3]
0.14
t(I0 ) = TP ( )
I
( 0 )0.02 1
IP
Where:
According to the different value of TP, different curves of normal inverse-time characteristic are
available. The logic scheme of inverse-time zero-sequence overcurrent protection is shown in the
Figure 3.6-4.
3I0Cal>[I_InvROC]
&
F0+ IDMT
& Op_InvROC
&
[En_Dir_InvROC ] 1
[En_InvROC ]
Where:
Figure 3.6-6 Logic diagram of zero-sequence/phase overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure
All stages of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection are under the control of
zero-sequence overcurrent element, so the current setting for each stage should be greater than
[I_ROC_FD].
For each independent distance element zone, full scheme design provides continuous
measurement of impedance separately in three independent phase-to-phase measuring loops as
well as in three independent phase-to-ground measuring loops.
Phase-to-phase distance element is suitable as a basic protection function against two- and
three-phase faults in all kinds of networks, regardless of the treatment of the neutral point.
Independent setting for each zone separately makes it possible to create fast and selective
protection in power systems.
Phase-to-ground distance element serves as basic earth fault protection in networks with solidly or
low impedance grounded networks. Independent setting for each zone separately makes it
possible to create fast and selective protection in power systems.
Polarized positive sequence voltage is used for distance protection so that faults with high
resistance can also be cleared easily. In case of short lines, in order to enhance performance
against high fault resistance, the impedance characteristic of the zone 1 and zone 2 could be
If the positive sequence polarized voltage is high enough, directionality of the distance protection
using positive sequence polarized voltage is very good. However, when close-in three phase fault
happens, the positive sequence voltage may reduce to 10% or less, the distance protection will go
to low voltage program (please refer to section 3.7.1) in which memorized positive sequence
polarized voltage is used instead.
Threshold will be set forward for zones 1 and 2 of distance element before its operation, so that
directionality could be assured during busbar three phase fault. In addition, this threshold will be
changed to reverse direction after operation of the protection, so that forward close-in three phase
fault can be fully cleared. As to the zone 3 of the distance element, direction of the threshold is
always reverse, because it acts as a backup protection for busbar.
Note!
When VT circuit failure happens, the alarm [Alm_VTS] displayed, all distance protection
will be disabled.
Distance element with memorized polarization is an algorithm used when positive sequence
voltage reduces to 10% or less. There are only two possibilities for this condition: power swing or
three phase short circuit fault.
As the power swing will be identified by power swing blocking function, only three phase short
circuit should be considered and discussed herein.
Because three phase-to-ground impedance and three phase-to-phase impedance are equal in
case of three phase short circuit fault, so only phase-to-ground impedance should be measured.
Impedances of all three phase are usually equal. Nevertheless, in order to ensure fast tripping
even in the case of transition from bus fault to three phase line fault, all of three phase impedances
are calculated and operation of any phase element will lead to three phase tripping.
Distance element with memorized polarization compares phasor angle between operating voltage
and polarized voltage.
ZS: total impedance between local system and protective device location
This does not mean it will operate incorrectly during reverse direction fault but means it will
operate correctly during forward fault even if the fault occurs just on the outlet because that is
derived supposing forward direction fault.
Figure 3.7-2 shows operation characteristic of measured impedance -ZK on R-X plane. This
characteristic is a circle with line connecting ends of ZZD and Z'S as the diameter. It will operate
only when -ZK is in the circle. Therefore directionality of the protection is explicit.
The conditions mentioned above are before fading of memorized voltage, in another word, they
are transient characteristic.
jX
ZZD
ZK
Figure 3.7-3 Steady state characteristic of three phase short circuit fault
When the memorized voltage fade, Figure 3.7-3 shows operation characteristic of measured
impedance ZK on R-X plane for forward direction fault as well as that of -ZK for reverse direction
fault. Since the circle covers the origin, the equipment will be just on the margin of operation for
fault on the bus or line outlet. In order to prevent the mal-operation for bus fault, especially the
three phase bus fault with arc resistance, zone1 and 2 of distance element is equipped with a
positive threshold. Voltage value of the threshold is equal to maximum voltage drop of the arc.
Moreover, when zone 1 or 2 of distance element operates, phase of the threshold voltage will be
inverted so that the origin can be enclosed in the characteristic circle to ensure the fault can be
fully cleared. In order to ensure backup protection of zone 3, phase of threshold voltage is always
inverted and the origin is always enclosed in the characteristic circle.
1. Zone 1/2
This element use polarized positive sequence voltage which can improve the performance against
the fault resistance so that it cannot overreach when earth fault associated with high fault
resistance occurs.
jX
A
R
-ZS
In short line case, in order to improve the relay performance against high fault resistance, phase
shift 1 is used for polarized voltage. This phase shift could move the directional impedance
characteristic toward quadrant 1 as is shown in Figure 3.7-4. Value of 1 can be set to 0, 15 or
30.
This relay could measure high fault resistance and keep a very satisfied performance under high
fault resistance condition. However, if there is a considerable power source in remote end, an
overreach caused by infeed from remote end during resistance earth fault may occur. In order to
prevent overreach, the following zero sequence reactance relay is introduced.
Typical zero-sequence reactance characteristic is shown as the straight line A in Figure 3.7-4.
Therefore, directional impedance characteristic integrating with the zero sequence characteristic
are adaptive with the fault resistance.
Actually, zero sequence reactance characteristic line will incline downward for 12. Therefore, in
an actual system, even if zero sequence impedance angles of both ends of a line are not the same
and the phase difference exists between 3I0Cal and voltage drop on fault resistance, overreach
condition will not happen. If the directional distance element with phase shift 1 and zero
sequence reactance element operate simultaneously, zones 1 and 2 of distance element with
good directionality will operate.
3. Zone 3
The no-memorized positive sequence voltage is used as polarized voltage because during earth
fault, positive sequence voltage is mainly formed by healthy phase and the phase of positive
sequence voltage is kept as it was before the fault. Therefore, characteristic of zone 3 of
phaseto-earth distance element is the same as the transient characteristic of distance element
with memorized polarization and have a very good directionality.
The sensitivity of phase-to-ground distance element with Mho characteristic may be not enough
during ground fault with extreme high resistance. So additional three-zone phase-to-ground
distance element with quadrilateral characteristic is adopted in the equipment to compensate the
sensitivity of Mho characteristic. The logic relationship between quadrilateral distance element and
Mho distance element is OR. It means that any ground fault in one of the two operation zones will
be cleared. The quadrilateral phase-to-ground distance element can significantly improve the
sensitivity to clear ground fault with extreme high resistance. The three zones of quadrilateral
characteristic can be enabled or disabled by the logic setting [En_ZPG1_Quad], [En_ZPG2_Quad]
and [En_ZPG3_Quad] respectively. The operation characteristic of quadrilateral distance element
is shown in Figure 3.7-5:
Where:
[Z_PG1], [Z_PG2] or [Z_PG3] are the impedance setting of corresponding zone of Mho distance
protection.
if the voltage is extreme low, the directionality of quadrilateral characteristic is not clear. However,
Mho characteristic of phase-to-ground distance element using polarized positive sequence voltage
has definite directionality. Therefore, In case that phase voltage is lower than 10% of rated voltage,
the quadrilateral characteristic will be disabled automatically and the Mho characteristic is
reserved.
Zone 1,2 of phase-to-phase distance element use polarized positive sequence voltage. Phase
shift 2 is introduced here for polarized voltage in zones 1 and 2 just like 1 in case of
phase-to-ground distance element. It is used also for improving performance against high fault
resistance in short line case. Value of 2 can be set as 0 or 15or 30.
3.7.3.2 Zone 3
If three-phase short circuit fault occurs, since the polarized voltage has not been memorized, its
operation characteristic is a circle passing through the origin (Please refer to Figure 3.7-3). If the
positive sequence voltage is low, the fault will be measured by impedance element with
memorized polarization. There is neither problem about dead zone nor loss of directionality for bus
fault in this case.
ZZD is impedance setting [Z_Rev] of reversal distance element, usually, which is set to 50% of the
protected line. In order to prevent existing dead zone in the protected zone, origin is included in
the operation characteristic which is shifted 0.5 ZZD toward forward direction.
jX
B ZZD A
RZD RZD
In order to ensure distance relay not affected by load impendence, the phase-to-phase and
phase-to-ground blinders are used. As shown in Figure 3.7-7, the slope of blinder is same to
positive sequence sensitivity angle , RZD is the setting [R_Blinder]. The operation region is
between line A and line B. The logic setting [En_Blinder] can decide whether the blinder is enabled
or not.
Power swing blocking for distance element will be released if any of the following PSBR elements
operate.
If any of the following condition is matched, FD PSBR will operate for 160ms.
1) Positive sequence current is lower than the setting [I_OC_PSBR] before general fault detector
element operates.
2) Positive sequence current is higher than the setting [I_OC_PSBR] before general fault
detector element operates, but the duration is less than 10ms.
I0+I2>mI1
The m is an internal fixed coefficient which can ensure UF PSBR operate during power swing
with internal unsymmetrical fault, while not operate during power swing or power swing with
external fault.
If a three-phase fault occurs and FD PSBR is invalid (160ms after GFD operates), neither FD
PSBR nor UF PSBR will be able to operate to release the distance protection. Thus, SF PSBR is
provided for this case specially. This detection is based on measuring the voltage at power swing
center:
UOS=U1COS
Where:
When three-phase circuit breaker is in the unsymmetrical state, PD PSBR will operate if any of the
following conditions is met.
1) The faulty phase selected by fault phase selection element is not the phase tripped.
2) The difference of current deviation of power frequency component between two healthy
phases increases to certain value all of a sudden.
Figure 3.7-8 Logic diagram of PSBR for zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element
The logic setting [En_PSBR] is common for zone 1, 2 of distance element. If the logic setting
[En_PSBR] is set as 0, zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element is not blocked by PSBR and
PSBR for zone 1 and zone 2 of distance element will operate right now (i.e. output state of
[PSBR_Z1/2] is 1).
If the logic setting [En_PSBR] is set as 1, zone 1, 2 of distance element is controlled by PSBR.
After zone 2 of distance element operates and PSBR condition is also met, PSBR for zone 1 and
zone 2 of distance element will operate (i.e., output state of [PSBR_Z1/2] is 1).
3.8.1 Overview
If the breaker fails to be tripped, breaker failure protection will operate to re-trip the breaker after a
specified time delay setting [t_BFP1], and trip all adjacent circuit breakers connected to the same
busbar and line remote end circuit breaker after a specified time delay setting [t_BFP2]. In general,
the time delay setting [t_BFP1] is less than [t_BFP2].
Breaker failure protection consists of two stages. They have independent current setting and time
delay respectively. After short time delay [t_BFP1], local circuit breaker will be tripped. After longer
time delay [t_BFP2], all adjacent circuit breakers connected to the same busbar and line remote
end circuit breaker will be tripped.
Breaker failure protection with phase-segregated current element as auxiliary blocking condition
can be initiated by phase-segregated tripping contacts from line protection and three-phase
tripping contact from other protection device. To increase the reliability of BFP initiated by
phase-segregated tripping contacts from line protection, as phase overcurrent element is possibly
less than load current, zero-sequence overcurrent element can be enabled by the logic setting
[En_ROC_1P_BFP].
In order to increase the sensitivity of breaker failure protection for the fault occurring in the
transformer or shunt reactor and so on, zero-sequence overcurrent and negative-sequence
overcurrent elements can be selected by logic settings separately. When this protective function
operates, the protection device will issue three-phase tripping command to local circuit breaker
after the time delay of stage 1 [t_BFP1] is expired, and then issue tripping command to all adjacent
circuit breakers connected to the same busbar and the circuit breaker in the remote end of
transmission line after the time delay of stage 2 [t_BFP2] is expired.
existing fault. This is especially critical if the line in the remote station is grounded, since the
distance protection and directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection would not clear the fault
until their time delays had elapsed. In this situation, however, the fastest possible clearance is
desired.
The SOTF (switch onto fault) protection is a complementary function to the distance protection and
to the directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection. With the SOTF protection, a fast trip is
achieved for a fault on the whole line, when the line is being energized. It shall be responsive to all
types of faults anywhere within the protected line.
The SOTF protection shall be controlled by an reclosing logic using both voltage and current level
detectors. It shall be enabled for a period when the circuit is energized either manually or via a
auto-reclosing system.
Status of 3-pole AR
1
& 100ms 0
Status of manually closing
& 1 Op_ROC_SOTF
3I0Cal > [I_ROC_SOTF]
& 60ms 0
Status of 1-pole AR
Zero-sequence SOTF protection will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker with a time delay of
60ms when 1-pole auto-reclosing.
Zero-sequence SOTF protection will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker with a time delay of
100ms if 3I0Cal is greater than setting [I_ROC_SOTF] when 3-pole auto-reclosing or manually
closing.
Zone 3 of distance element for SOTF will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker when
manually closing.
Zone 2 and 3 of distance element for SOTF without PSBR logic will operate to trip three-phase
circuit breaker if the logic setting [En_Z2SOTF_AR3P] and [En_Z3SOTF_AR3P] are set as 1
when 3-pole auto-reclosing.
Zone 2 of distance element for SOTF with PSBR logic will operate to trip three-phase circuit
breaker when 1-pole or 3-pole auto-reclosing if the logic setting [En_Z2SOTF_AR3P] is set as 0.
The logic makes the relay ideal for single-phase tripping applications.
If UOMAX is several times higher than the other two deviation of phase operation voltages, the
single-phase fault is ensured, otherwise, the multiplex-phase fault is ensured.
UOPA Phase A
UOPB Phase B
UOPC Phase C
UOPAB Phase AB
UOPBC Phase BC
UOPCA Phase CA
1. For single-phase earth fault, I0 and I2 of faulty phase are in-phase and its distance element
operates.
2. For two-phase earth fault, I0 and I2 of non-faulty phase are in-phase but its distance element
does not operate.
Circuit breaker pole position disagreement can occur on the operation of a breaker with
independent operating gears for the three poles. A pole disagreement can be tolerated for a
limited time.
Pole disagreement procedure comprises of the protection of pole disagreement state and switch
onto fault protection. When the following conditions are met, pole disagreement state is ensured
delay 50ms.
1. Trip confirmation
Trip confirmation means that tripping signal is issued and any phase current is smaller than 0.06IN
5. When tripped phase current is greater than 0.06IN or corresponding phase [BI_52b_Phx]=0 (x
can be a, b or c), SOTF protection is initiated for 200ms
1. When threes currents, IA, IB and IC, are greater than 0.06IN or [BI_52b_Pha]=0,
[BI_52b_Phb]=0, [BI_52b_Phc]=0, SOTF protection is initiated for 200ms
When the primary system is in the single-phasing, three-phase trip signal will be sent with a time
delay of 200ms if the following conditions are met.
1. Tripping logic 1
2. Tripping logic 2
IP>0.06In
Op_ROC3
&
[En_ROC3_Blk_AR]
Op_ROC4
Op_BFP1
1
Op_BFP2
1
Op_InvROC
Op_OC_VTS 1
Op_3P_RecvTT
Op_Z2 (Phase-to-phase)
&
[En_ZPP2_Blk_AR] 1
Op_Z2 (Phase-to-ground)
&
[En_ZPG2_Blk_AR]
Op_Z3
Op_Z_Rev
Op_OC1
&
[En_3PTrpOC1_Blk_AR] 1
Op_OC2
&
[En_3PTrpOC2_Blk_AR]
Op_OC3
EBI_Lockout
1
PD and protection element operating
3. Blocking AR logic
Op_OC1
&
[En_3PTrpOC1_Blk_AR] 1
Op_OC2
&
[En_3PTrpOC2_Blk_AR]
Op_OC3
[En_ZPP2_Blk_AR]
&
Op_Z2 (Phase-to-phase)
[En_ZPG2_Blk_AR] 1
&
Op_Z2 (Phase-to-ground)
1
Op_Z3
Op_Z_Rev
[En_ROC2_Blk_AR]
&
Op_ROC2 1
[En_ROC3_Blk_AR]
&
Op_ROC3
Op_ROC4
Op_InvROC
Op_3P_RecvTT 1
Op_OC_VTS
Op_BFP1 1
1
Op_BFP2
[En_PhSF_Blk_AR]
&
Op_PhSelFail
[EBI_Lockout] 1 Blocking AR
VT circuit failure
2. DPFC distance protection, zone 1 of distance protection and current differential protection
operate to implement selective tripping by phase selection element.
3. Zone 2 of distance protection operates to trip three-phase circuit breaker and block AR when
logic setting [En_ZPP2_Blk_AR] or [En_ZPG2_Blk_AR] is set as 1 for phase-to-phase fault
or phase-to-ground fault respectively.
6. Stage 1 of directional phase overcurrent protection operates to trip three-phase circuit breaker
and block AR when logic setting [En_3PTrpOC1_Blk_AR]
7. Stage 2 of directional phase overcurrent protection operates to trip three-phase circuit breaker
and block AR when logic setting [En_3PTrpOC2_Blk_AR]
8. If phase selection element fails and operation element cannot drop off, three-pole tripping
command caused by phase selection failure will be sent after 200ms delay.
9. If any of the following conditions is matched, three-phase tripping signal will be sent directly.
10. Three-phase tripping will be used if two or three phases are selected by the phase selection
element.
11. Any fault occurs under following conditions, three-pole trip element will operate
12. When a serious fault occurs, auto-reclosing will be blocked under following conditions:
13. Three-pole trip with auto-reclosing blocked can be selected by logic setting
[En_PhSF_Blk_AR], [En_PDF_Blk_AR] and [En_MPF_Blk_AR].
3.13.1 Overview
When two asynchronous systems are connected together, due to phase difference between
systems at both sides, larger impact will be led to the system during reclosing. In addition, the
automatic reclosure is applied with the synchronism check to avoid this situation and improve the
system stability. The synchronism check logic can control the reclosing by checking if the voltage
of the bus and the line at both sides of the circuit breaker is synchronous or the no-voltage
condition is met. The synchronism check logic includes checking the voltage difference, phase
difference and frequency difference of the voltage at both sides of the circuit breaker.
The no-voltage check is used to measure the amplitude of line voltage or busbar voltage at both
sides of the circuit breaker; after that, compare it with the voltage setting [V_Live] and the
no-voltage setting [V_Dead]; when the measured result is consistent with the setting, the
no-voltage check conditions can be outputted.
When the frequency difference, voltage difference, and phase difference of voltages of both sides
of the circuit breaker is calculated in the protective device, they can be used as input conditions of
the synchronism check. If the compared voltages at both sides of the circuit breaker are different,
such as, the bus voltage is phase-to-phase voltage and the line voltage is the phase voltage, it is
required to carry out the calculation after the bus voltage has been compensated as the phase
voltage.
The logic setting [En_SynChk_AR] is used to determine whether the synchronism check function
is enabled. When the synchronism check function is enabled and the voltage meets the
requirements of the voltage difference, phase difference, and frequency difference, it is regarded
that the synchronism check conditions are met.
Where:
The no-voltage check conditions have three types, namely, live-bus and dead-line check,
dead-bus and live-line check and dead-bus and dead-line check. The above three modes can be
enabled and disabled by logic settings [En_LvB_DdL_AR], [En_DdB_LvL_AR] and
[En_DdB_DdL_AR] respectively. The protection can calculate the measured bus voltage and line
voltage at both sides of the circuit breaker and compare them with the voltage setting [V_Live] and
no-voltage setting [V_Dead], when the voltage is higher than the voltage setting [V_Live], the
voltage conditions are established; when the voltage is lower than the no-voltage setting [V_Dead],
the no-voltage conditions are established.
[En_DdB_DdL_AR]
&
[En_LvB_DdL_AR]
& 1 [t_VoltChk] VolChk OK
[En_DdB_LvL_AR]
&
ULineLow
ULineHigh
UBusHigh
UBusLow
VT circuit abnormal
Where:
3.14.1 Overview
To maintain the integrity of the overall electrical transmission system, protective relays are
installed on the transmission system to isolate faulted segments during system disturbances.
Faults caused by lightning, wind, or tree branches could be temporary in nature and may
disappear once the circuit is de-energized. Automatic reclosing systems are put into place to
re-energize and restore the faulted section of the transmission system once the fault is
extinguished (providing it is a temporary fault). For certain transmission systems, reclosing is used
to improve system stability by restoring critical transmission paths as soon as possible.
When the 3-pole or 1/3-pole auto-reclosing mode is selected, the following three types of check
modes can be selected: no-voltage check, synchronism check and no check.
3.14.2.1 AR Ready
Before the reclaim time begins, the following conditions must be met:
1. The circuit breaker is ready, such as, normal storage energy and no low pressure signal
Under normal conditions, if there is the signal input of low pressure, the automatic reclosure will
discharge with the time delay of 200ms. If there is the signal input of low pressure after the circuit
breaker tripping, the automatic reclosure will not discharge.
CB Closed [t_CBClsd_AR]
[BI_LowPres_AR]
Get Ready Logic
AR Inprogress
AR Ready
Any trip
AR ON
&
AR Block element
AR Ready shows that the circuit breaker is able to execute one-shot auto-reclosing.
AR Lock element is the block element of automatic reclosure. If one of following conditions is met,
the automatic reclosure will be blocked.
Manual tripping
The check conditions are not met yet till the incomplete sequence time expires
3.14.2.2 Initiation
When the system is applied with the 1-pole reclosing or the 1/3-pole reclosing, the 1-pole reclosing
will be active during the single phase fault. When only the single phase is tripped, that is, when the
device receives the single phase tripping contact and the contact drops off to initiate 1-pole
reclosing condition, the 1-pole reclosing will be initiated. If the three-phase are tripped or the
three-phase 52b are energized, the 1-pole reclosing shall not be initiated.
Generally, the auto-reclosing is initiated by the tripping signal from line protection, and this
initiating signal can be the interior tripping logic or the exterior tripping command. When there is
the tripping command, it can be kept in the device, and the automatic reclosure will be initiated
Reset Logic
&
Single-phase Trip
& 1-pole AR Initiation
1
Any trip
3-pole AR Initiate
1-pole AR
CB Ready
Reset Logic
&
Three-phase Trip
& 3-pole AR Initiation
1
Any trip
3-pole AR
CB Ready
3.14.2.3 Reclosing
When the time of the reclosing expires, as far as the 3-pole reclosing, if the synchronism check is
enabled, the reclosing signal shall be determined whether is issued or not based on the result of
synchronism check. When the synchronism check function is disabled, the synchronism check will
be established always. With regard to the 1-pole reclosing, the result of synchronism check will not
be judged, and the reclosing signal will be directly outputted after delay time is used up.
The reclosing pulse width of the automatic reclosure can be set through the setting [t_PW_AR].
With regard to the circuit breaker without the anti-pump circuit, the adjustment function of the
reclosing pulse width can be enabled. Namely, when the tripping occurs during the reclosing, the
reclosing pulse will drop off immediately, so as to prevent reclosing into the fault over and over
when the minimum reclosing pulse width is not lower than 50ms.
After the reclosing command is sent and the automatic reclosure can reset after the time delay
[t_Reclaim_AR], the another reclosing can be conducted.
With regard to the temporary fault, after the reclosing command is sent and the automatic
reclosure can reset after the time delay [t_Reclaim_AR], the another reclosing can be conducted.
With regard to the permanent fault, after the reclosing pulse has been sent, if the protection
tripping signal has been received, or after the reclosing pulse has been sent and with the time
delay [t_Unsuc_AR], the circuit breaker is not closed, which will be regarded as the reclosing into
the permanent fault. The device will send failure signal of reclosing (AR Unsuccessful), which will
last 200ms only.
1
AR Pulse
& [t_Unsuc_AR]
CB closed 1 0 200ms AR Unsuccess
AR Ready
&
Any trip
PCS-931 can exchange not only current but also binary inputs via communication channel
between two ends of line.
RX
TX
+DC
TJA-1
Transfer trip
BI BO
Optical fibre TJB-1
Transfer trip
TJC-1
RX
TX
PCS-931 PCS-931
M N
YC1-1
RX
TX
+DC BO
YC1-2
Optical fibre
Transfer signal 1
BI
RX
TX
Transfer signal 2
Transfer signal 2
YC2-1
BO
YC2-2
PCS-931 PCS-931
M N
Though the protection system is in non-operating state under normal conditions, it is waiting for a
power system fault to occur at any time and must operate for the fault without fail. When
equipment is in energizing process before the LED HEALTHY is on, the equipment need to be
checked to ensure no errors. Therefore, the automatic supervision function, which checks the
health of the protection system when startup and during normal operation, plays an important role.
The numerical relay based on the microprocessor operations is suitable for implementing this
automatic supervision function of the protection system.
In case a fault is detected during initialization when DC power supply is provided to the equipment,
the equipment will be blocked out, which means relay is out of service. Therefore you must
re-energize the relays to make relay back into service.
When a failure is detected by the automatic supervision, it is followed with an LCD message, LED
indication and alarm contact outputs. At the same time event recording will record the failure alarm
which can be viewed in event recording report and be printed.
Hardware circuit and operation condition of the equipment are self-supervised continuously. If any
abnormal condition is detected, information or report will be displayed and a corresponding alarm
will be issued.
A common abnormality may block a certain number of protections functions while the other
functions can still work. However, if serious hardware failure or abnormality were detected, all
protection functions will be blocked and the LED HEALTHY will be extinguished and blocking
signal will be given by contacts output BSJ. The protective device then cannot work normally and
maintenance is required to eliminate the failure.
Note!
If the protective device is blocked or alarm signal is sent during operation, please do find
out its reason with the help of self-diagnose record. If the reason cannot be found at site,
please notice the factory NARI-RELAYS. Please Do not simply press button TARGET
RESET on the protection panel or re-power on the protective device.
LED
No. Item Block Relay
HEALTHY ALARM VT ALARM
LED
No. Item Block Relay
HEALTHY ALARM VT ALARM
1 Alm_Abnor_Smpl_MON YES
2 Alm_Abnor_Smpl_CPU YES
3 Alm_TrpOut YES
4 Alm_Setting YES
5 Alm_VTS
6 Alm_PersistI0
7 Alm_PersistFD
8 Alm_VTS_Ux
9 Alm_CTS
10 Alm_52b
11 Alm_Pwr_Opto
12 Alm_ExTrp_BI
13 Alm_DSP_CPU YES
14 Alm_DSP_MON YES
15 Alm_ID_ChA
16 Alm_ChA
17 Alm_NoValidFram_ChA
18 Alm_CRC_ChA
19 Alm_OutDiffP_ChA
20 Alm_Diff_ChA
21 Alm_CompParam_ChA
22 Alm_TT
23 Alm_Connect_ChA
24 Alm_EquipConfig
25 Alm_Setting_Out-of-Scope
26 Alm_BoardConfig YES
27 Alm_SynChkFail_AR
28 GAlm_NetStorm_NetA
29 GAlm_NetStorm_NetB
30 GAlm_Disc_NetA
31 GAlm_Disc_NetB
32 GAlm_CfgUnmatch
33 GAlm_NetA_GOOSExx
34 GAlm_NetB_GOOSExx
35 GAlm_CfgUnmatch_GOOSExx
Xx: from 00 to 11
The following binary signals are only thought as a kind of report stored in the self-supervision
report. They do not need to handle and are only used for commissioning and test.
When any general fault detector picks up for longer than 10s, an alarm will be issued
[Alm_PersistFD] without the protective device blocked.
The relay compares the AC sampling of DSP chip between DSP module (slot 2) and DSP module
(slot 3). In normal condition, the sampling should be the same for a certain AC input. If the
sampling value in DSP module (slot 3) is detected to be different largely with that in DSP module
(slot 2), an alarm [Alm_Abnor_Smpl_MON] will be issued and the protective device will be
blocked.
If all of the binary inputs [BI_52b_Pha], [BI_52b_Phb] and [BI_52b_Phc] are energized that
indicates circuit breaker is open but there is still current detected in the line or three-phase circuit
breaker is in pole disagreement, an alarm signal [Alm_52b] will be issued after 10 seconds.
In normal operation program of the PCS-931, the phasor summation of bus three phase voltage is
checked frequently, if this phasor summation detected is higher than 8.8V and fault detection
element does not operate, VTS will, after 1.25s, output an alarm [Alm_VTS].
If the phasor summation detected is lower than 8.8V but the bus positive voltage U1 is less than
36.7V, VTS will also issue an alarm [Alm_VTS] after 1.25s when logic setting [En_LineVT] is set as
0, otherwise, VTS will also issue an alarm [Alm_VTS] after 1.25s when circuit breaker is closed
(all of the binary inputs [BI_52b_Pha], [BI_52b_Phb] and [BI_52b_Phc] are de-energized) or there
is current existing on line.
When VT circuit failure is detected, the protection device will implement the following tasks
automatically.
2. enable phase overcurrent protection and zero-sequence overcurrent protection for VT circuit
failure
4. disable stage 3 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection when the logic setting
[En_Dir_ROC3] is set as 1
8. disable auto-reclosing
The alarm [Alm_VTS] will be reset automatically with a time delay of 10s after all three phases
voltage resume to normal condition.
If the line circuit breaker is in close state which is indicated by binary inputs [BI_52b_Pha],
[BI_52b_Phb] and [BI_52b_Phc], but the line voltage is lower than the setting [V_Dead], it means
that line VT circuit fails and an alarm [Alm_VTS_Ux] will be issued after 10s.
When line VT circuit failure is detected, the function of synchronism check and dead line check of
auto-reclosing will be disabled automatically.
After line voltage resumes to normal condition, the alarm and its subsequences will be reset
automatically after 10s.
The equipment measures zero sequence current from two sources, which is either calculated
depending on the summation of IA, IB and IC (3I0Cal=IA+IB+IC) or derived at the neutral current circuit
from three-phase currents (3I0).
If 3I0 is less than 0.75 times 3I0Cal or 3I0Cal is less than 0.75 times 3I0, after 200 ms, an alarm
[Alm_CTS] will be issued.
If 3I0Cal exists (3I0>0.1In) but 3U0Cal derived is nearly zero (3U0Cal<3V) and there is a phase whose
current is zero at least, after 10s, an alarm [Alm_CTS] will be issued.
When CT circuit failure is detected, the protection device will implement the following tasks
automatically.
3U0Cal: zero-sequence voltage calculated depending on the summation of UA, UB and UC. (i.e.,
3U0Cal=UA+UB+UC)
5.1 Metering
PCS-931 performs continuous measurement of the analogue input quantities. The relay samples
24 points per cycle and calculates the RMS value in each interval and updated the LCD display in
every 0.5 second. The measurement data can be displayed on the LCD of the relay front panel or
on the local via tool software or remote PC. Navigate the menu to view the sampling value through
LCD screen.
1. RMS Values
Measured directly
Phase current from the remote end via optical fibre channel A (Ia_Rmt_ChA, Ib_Rmt_ChA,
Ic_Rmt_ChA)
Calculated by DSP
Access path: Press key to enter main menu firstly. Select the item VALUES and press key
ENT to enter submenu CPU_METERING, and then press key ENT. The corresponding
metering values mentioned above are displayed on the LCD.
2. Phase angle
Measured directly
Phase angle between local phase current not compensated by capacitive current and remote
phase current not compensated by capacitive current (Ang(Ia-Iar), Ang(Ib-Ibr), Ang(Ic-Icr))
Phase angle between local phase current compensated by capacitive current and remote
phase current compensated by capacitive current (Ang(Ia-Iar)_Comp, Ang(Ib-Ibr)_Comp,
Ang(Ic-Icr)_Comp)
In PHASE_ANGLE, the phase angles displayed by three-phase current and three-phase voltage
are based on Phase A voltage.
Phase angle difference for the local phase-C current (Ic) relative to
13 Ang(Ic-Icr)_Comp the remote phase-C current (Icr) (compensated by capacitive
current)
Access path: Press key to enter main menu firstly. Select the item VALUES and press key
ENT to enter submenu PHASE_ANGLE, and then press key ENT. The corresponding phase
angles mentioned above are displayed on the LCD.
1. Event recorder
2. Disturbance recorder
3. Present recorder
These records are displayed on the LCD of the relay front panel or on the local or remote PC.
Navigate the menu to view the report through LCD screen.
The protective device can store the latest 1024 tripping report, the latest 1024 binary input change
report, the latest 1024 self-supervision report and the latest 1024 control report respectively. All
the records are stored in non-volatile memory, and when the available space is exhausted, the
oldest report is automatically overwritten by the latest one.
When any protection element operating or drop out, such as fault detector, distance protection and
so on, they will be logged in event recorder.
The protective device is under automatic supervision all the time. If there are any failure or
abnormal condition detected, such as, chip damaged, VT circuit failure and so on, it will be logged
in event recorder.
When there is binary input is energized or de-energized, i.e., its state has changed from 0 to 1
or from 1 to 0, it will be logged as an event recorder.
If operator implements some operation, such as reboot protective device, modify setting, and so
on, they will be logged as an event recorder.
Use the disturbance recorder to achieve a better understanding of the behavior of the power
network and related primary and secondary equipment during and after a disturbance. An analysis
of the recorded data provides valuable information that can be used to improve existing equipment.
This information can also be used when planning for and designing new installations.
5.2.3.2 Design
Disturbance recorder is consisted of fault report and fault waveform. Disturbance recorder is
initiated by fault detector element.
The protective device can store up to 64 fault reports with waveform in non-volatile memory. If a
new fault occurs when 64 faults report have been stored, the oldest fault report will be overwritten
by the latest one.
1. Sequence number
Each operation will be recorded with a sequence number in the report and displayed on LCD
screen.
The time resolution is 1ms using the relay internal clock synchronized via GPS if connected.
Initiating date and time is when a protective fault detection operates.
An operating time (not including the operating time of output relays) is recorded in the report.
4. Faulty phase
5. Fault location
To get accurate result of fault location, the following settings shall be set correctly:
6. protection elements
MON module can store 64 fault waveform in non-volatile memory. If a new fault occurs when 64
fault waveform recorders have been stored, the oldest will be overwritten by the latest one.
Each fault record consists of all analog and digital quantities related to protection, such as original
current and voltage, differential current, alarm elements, and binary inputs and etc.
Each time recording includes 2-cycle waveform pre-fault and 14-cycle waveform after fault
detector pickup, and this 16-cycle waveform is high-frequency recording at a rate of 1200Hz (24
points per cycle). If no protection element operates, after the above 16-cycle waveform recording
is finished, the protection device will switch into low-frequency recording at a rate of 50Hz (only
magnitude). If some protection element operates, 14-cycle waveform after protection operation will
be recorded which are high-frequency recording waveform. When the protection device is not in
high-frequency recording state, it will switch into low-frequency recording state automatically. If the
total 1024 points are recorded, this recording waveform is finished.
The sampling rate of high-frequency recording is 24 points per cycle and that of low-frequency
recording is 1 point per cycle to record RMS magnitude of current or voltage.
Each time recording includes 2-cycle waveform before and 14-cycle waveform after triggering, and
this 16-cycle waveform is high-frequency recording waveform. Then the protection device will
switch into low-frequency recording. Each piece of present recording waveform will occupy the
memory room of a piece of disturbance recording waveform, and triggering present recording will
be logged as a piece of fault report.
PCS-931 series is made of a 4U height 19 chassis for panel flush mounting. Components
mounted on its front include a 320240 dot matrix LCD, a 9 button keypad, 20 LED indicators and
a 9 pin connector for communication with PC. A monolithic micro controller is installed in the
equipment for these functions. Shown as Figure 6.1-1 front view of PCS-931.
HEALTHY xx
PCS - 931
ALARM xx
LINE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
VT ALARM xx
AR READY xx
GR
P
CH A ALARM xx
ENT
CH B ALARM xx
ESC
TRIP A xx
TRIP B xx
TRIP C xx
RECLOSE xx
The 10 defined LED indicators are, from top to bottom, operation (HEALTHY), VT circuit
supervision (VT ALARM) self-supervision (ALARM), auto-reclosing reclaimed (AR READY),
channel supervision (CH A ALARM, CH B ALARM), protection operates (TRIP A, TRIP B and
TRIP C), auto-reclosing operates (RECLOSE).
As to buttons of the keypad, ENT is enter, GRP is group number and ESC is escape.
4 5 6 4 5 6 BJJ BSJ
DANGER 1 COM1
TX
2 BSJ1
3 BJJ1
4 COM2
5 BSJ2
6 BJJ2
RX 7 24V
8 24VGND
9
10 PWR+
11 PWR-
12 FGND
Figure 6.1-2 Rear view of PCS-931 (conventional CT/VT and conventional binary output)
NR1502
NR1102C NR1123G NR1123F NR1126A NR1301
5V BJ
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
4 5 6 4 5 6 4 5 6 BJJ BSJ
TX TX TX
RX
RX RX
TX
1 COM1
TX RX 2 BSJ1
3 BJJ1
4 COM2
5 BSJ2
6 BJJ2
RX 7 24V
8 24VGND
9
ETHERNET1
10 PWR+
11 PWR-
12 FGND
ETHERNET2
Figure 6.1-3 Rear view of PCS-931 (ECVT and GOOSE binary output)
According to output method and sampling method of the protection device, output method
including conventional binary output and GOOSE binary output, and sampling method including
conventional CT/VT and ECVT (electronic current and voltage transformer), PCS-900 series
provide standard modules and optional module for different protection device.
A
*
52b
B
*
C
*
409 410 411 412 413 414 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408
AI Module
COM1
004 COMMON2 1 1 RS485B 102
MON Module
COM2
007 24V OPTO+ 4 4 RS485B 105
To BI
Module LCD
HMI
GPS
010 220/110V DC+ 7 7 RS485B 108
PTINTER
PTR
RS232 DB 9 RS232T 111
Typical wiring of PCS-931 which adopts conventional CT/VT is shown in Figure 6.2-1.
B ECVTRemote Module
Merging Unit
RX TX RX TX
Receiving sampling data through multi-mode optical fibre from merging unit
TX RX TX RX
In the protection system adopting electronic current and voltage transformer (ECVT), the merging
unit will merge the sample data from ECVT, and then send it to the protection device through
multi-mode optical fibre. The double DSP modules (NR1123) of protection device receive the data
from merging unit respectively through the optical-fibre interface to complete the protection
function calculation and fault detector logic calculation.
The difference between the hardware platform based on ECVT and the hardware platform based
on conventional CT/VT lies in the receiving module of sample data only, and the protective device
receives the sampling data of merging unit through multi-mode optical fibre.
The protection device is developed on the basis of our latest software and hardware platform, and
the major characteristics of the new platform include high reliability, great capability in
anti-interference, intellectualization and networking. See Figure 6.3-1 for hardware diagram.
External
Conventional CT/VT A/D Opto-coupler
Binary Input
DSP
ECVT
Output
Relay
ETHERNET PRINT
LCD/Power Supply CPU
+E
GPS SERIAL PORT
The MON module uses the internal bus to receive the data from other modules of the device. It
communicates with the LCD module by RS-485 bus. This module is provided with 100BaseT
Ethernet interfaces, RS-485 communication interfaces, PPS/IRIG-B differential time
synchronization interface and RS-232 printing interface.
TX TX
ETHERNET 1 ETHERNET 1 FO 1 FO 1
RX RX
To SAS To SAS To SAS
TX TX
ETHERNET 2 ETHERNET 2 FO 2 FO 2
RX RX
To SAS
ETHERNET 3 ETHERNET 1 ETHERNET 1
To SAS To SAS
ETHERNET 4 ETHERNET 2 ETHERNET 2
GND 04
SYN+ 01
SHLD 03
GND 04
RTS 01
SGND 03
GND 04
There are above four types of MON module are optional for PCS-931 and pin definitions are same
except Ethernet ports.
The correct method of connection is shown in Figure 6.3-2. Generally, the shielded cables with two
pairs of twisted pairs inside shall be applied. One pair of the twisted pairs are respectively used to
connect the + and terminals of difference signal; the other pair of twisted pairs are used to
connect the signal ground of the interface, i.e. connect the signal groundings of all the devices
connected with the bus to the twisted pair. The module reserves a free terminal for all the
communication ports; the free terminal has no connection with any signal of the device; it is used
to connect the external shields of the two cables when connecting multiple devices in series. The
external shield of cable shall be grounded at one of the ends.
When the module is connected to conventional CT/VT, it can perform the synchronous data
acquisition through the AC input board; when the module is connected to ECVT, it can receive the
real-time synchronous sample data from merging unit through the multi-mode optical-fibre
interface.
The module can provide 2,048kbit/s or 64kbit/s single-mode optical-fibre to exchange data and
signal with the opposite-side protection device.
When the module is connected to conventional CT/VT, it can perform the synchronous data
acquisition through the AC input board; when the module is connected to ECVT, it can receive the
real-time synchronous sample data from merging unit through the multi-mode optical-fibre
interface.
The following figure is the type definition for MON module; corresponding module shall be adopted
in accordance with concrete situation.
6.3.4 AI Module
The protection device which supports ECVT should not be equipped with this module. The slot
numbers of the module are 4 and 5. The AI module (NR1401) is applicable for the plant or station
with analog VT and CT.
IA, IB, IC and 3I0 are phase current and zero sequence current input to AI module separately with
rating 5 A or 1 A. Please declare which kind of AI module is needed before ordering. It is assumed
that forward direction of CT should be pointed from busbar to line.
3I0 derived is used for calculation of zero-sequence directional element and zero-sequence
overcurrent element, but 3I0 measured is used for zero-sequence current fault detector element.
Therefore, 3I0 measured shall be connected to the equipment, otherwise all relevant zero
sequence current protection will be disabled. Because only the magnitude of 3I0 measured is used,
the directionality of 3I0 measured can be forward direction or reverse direction. Maximum linear
range of the current converter is 30In. Table 6.3-1 lists the pin number and its definition of AI
module.
NR1403
Ia 01 Ian 02
Ib 03 Ibn 04
Ic 05 Icn 06
3I0 07 3I0n 08
Ua 09 Ub 10
Uc 11 Un 12
Ux 13 Uxn 14
GND 15
UA, UB, and UC are phase voltage used to protection function calculation. Ux is the synchronism
voltage and used for synchronism check, it could be any phase-to-ground voltage or
phase-to-phase voltage, and terminal 213 is the polarity mark. If the auto-reclosing is disabled or
enabled but without any check, the voltage Ux should be disconnected.
The no-voltage check conditions will be met when the line voltage is less than the setting [V_Dead],
and the voltage conditions of synchronism check will be met when the line voltage is more than the
setting [V_Live]. If the automatic reclosure is disabled or the no check for automatic reclosure is
enabled, the line voltage could be disconnected. When the automatic reclosure is enabled and the
no-voltage check and synchronism check is applied, check whether the input voltage is higher
than the setting [V_Dead] during the normal operation of device. If it is, the alarm of VT circuit
failure will be issue with a time delay of 10s and the alarm relay is triggered to work.
The sending and receiving functions of GOOSE should be completed through configuring the
sending module and receiving module.
The protection device can support to configure up to 8 sending modules, and it is recommended to
configure 1 sending module. To facilitate the site debugging, the maximized configuration, i.e. 12
isolator links used for sending function of GOOSE, are available in the protection device. When
corresponding isolator link is open, the associated GOOSE sending information will be reset. Each
GOOSE sending information includes the GOOSE sending information and the state information
of binary input [BI_BlkComm] of the protection device, so as to judge whether the receiving signal
is used effectively at the receiving side. At present, the GOOSE sending information in the
protection device includes the following signals, trip A, trip B, trip C, blocking AR, reclosing,
transfer signal 1, transfer signal 2 and channel alarm. To meet different requirements, 12 isolator
links and various sending information can be combined with each other flexibly, and the
corresponding short address is shown as in the table below:
For example, if the isolator link [EBI_Send_GOOSE01] is defined as the isolator link of tripping
output, the reclosing signal controlled by this isolator shall be configured with the short address
The protection device supports to configure up to 12 GOOSE receiving modules, and each
receiving module is configured with one virtual enabling binary input setting (VEBI setting) used to
receive. At present, the GOOSE signal supported to receive is shown as follows.
To facilitate the site debugging, the GOOSE binary inputs in the table above are the receiving
signal of GOOSE itself. It is necessary to combine with GOOSE VEBI setting of GOOSE receiving,
the state of GOOSE receiving link and the state of binary input [BI_BlkComm] to judge whether the
GOOSE binary input is valid. The concrete relationship is shown as follows:
The received GOOSE valid information=([BI_BlkComm]=1 at both sending end and receiving
end[BI_BlkComm]=0 at both sending end and receiving end) & GOOSE receiving information &
corresponding GOOSE VEBI setting & corresponding communication link is normal.
When the sending GOOSE link is interrupted, GOOSE VEBI setting is set as 0, and the state of
binary input [BI_BlkComm] at the sending end is not consistent with that at the receiving end, the
open position of circuit breaker will maintain its original value.
ST Interface ST Interface
RX1 RX1
IRIGB IRIGB
6.3.6 BI Module
Intelligent binary input module (NR 1502) can supervise 25 binary inputs at the same time and
transmit binary inputs to other modules by inner bus. For NR 1502D, the rated work voltage of all
binary inputs are 24V, and for NR 1502A, the rated work voltage of all binary inputs are 220/110V.
When the voltage of binary input is greater than 70% of rated work voltage, the binary input is
energized and when the voltage of binary input is smaller than 60% of rated work voltage, the
binary input is de-energized.
NR1502D
BI_2 02 BI_1 01
BI_4 04 BI_3 03
BI_6 06 BI_5 05
BI_8 08 BI_7 07
BI_10 10 BI_9 09
BI_12 12 BI_11 11
BI_14 14 13
16 BI_15 15
BI_18 18 BI_17 17
BI_20 20 BI_19 19
BI_22 22 BI_21 21
BI_24 24 BI_23 23
BI_26 26 BI_25 25
BI_28 28 BI_27 27
30 BI_29 29
1. Terminal 814
The positive pole of opto-coupler, which should be connected with the positive pole of DC power
supply (PWR module: terminal 001). It is used to supervise whether DC power supply is normal or
not. The positive pole of PWR module should be connected to common of all binary inputs.
2. Terminal 815
The negative pole of opto-coupler, which should be connected with the negative pole of DC power
supply (PWR module: terminal 102).
3. Terminal 801
It is used to receive clock synchronism signal from GPS or other equipment used clock
synchronism, the binary input [BI_Pulse_GPS] will change from 0 to 1 once per second or per
minute depended on the setting [GPS_Pulse]. When setting [GPS_Pulse] is set to 1, the
equipment receives PPM (pulse per minute), otherwise, receives PPS (pulse per second). Clock
synchronism via RS-485 bus is recommended. Only one of them can be selected.
4. Terminal 802
It is used to manually to trigger printing latest report when the equipment is configured as manual
printing mode by logic setting [En_Auto_Print]=0. The printer button is located on the panel usually.
If the equipment is configured as automatic printing mode ([En_Auto_Print]=1), report will be
printed automatically as soon as it is formed.
5. Terminal 803
It is used to block monitoring direction communication when the protective device is maintained. A
link located on the panel is used for that. When the equipment is in maintenance or commissioning
status, this link should be closed. All of the reports will not be sent via communication port then,
but local displaying and printing are still working. This link should be open during normal operation
condition.
6. Terminal 804
It is used to manually reset latching signal relay and LCD displaying. The reset is done by pressing
a button on the panel or by remote command via communication channel.
7. Terminal 805
It is used to switch active setting group associating with binary input [Bl_Opt2_ActiveGrp].
8. Terminal 806
It is used to switch active setting group associating with binary input [Bl_Opt1_ActiveGrp].
All binary inputs mentioned below are configurable binary inputs, and they can be pointed to any
terminal except terminal 01~06, 13, 16 and 30 by software RCS-PC. The configuration method
can refer to section 7.3.2.
It is used to initiate BFP of phase A, and is usually from phase-A tripping contact of other
protection device. The tripping contact is instantaneous operation contact, i.e. it will drop out
immediately after operation.
It is used to initiate BFP of phase B, and is usually from phase-B tripping contact of other
protection device. The tripping contact is instantaneous operation contact, i.e. it will drop out
immediately after operation.
It is used to initiate BFP of phase C, and is usually from phase-C tripping contact of other
protection device. The tripping contact is instantaneous operation contact, i.e. it will drop out
immediately after operation.
It is used to select mode of auto-reclosing through switch associated with binary input
[EBI_Opt2_AR] when logic setting [En_SetOpt_AR] is set as 0.
It is used to select mode of auto-reclosing through switch associated with binary input
[EBI_Opt1_AR] when logic setting [En_SetOpt_AR] is set as 0.
The below table shows the relation between the state of binary input and AR mode.
When binary inputs [EBI_Opt1_AR] and [EBI_Opt2_AR] are both energized, only the
auto-reclosing function of the protective device is disabled but selection of faulty phase is still valid.
The auto-reclosing function is still finished by the other protective device. The auto-reclosing
function of the protected line can be locked out through energizing the binary input [EBI_Lockout].
When logic setting [En_SetOpt_AR] is set to 1, the binary inputs [EBI_Opt1_AR] and
[EBI_Opt2_AR] are disabled.
It is used to lockout the auto-reclosing function of the protected line. Three-phase tripping is
implemented and the auto-reclosing function will be locked out for any type of fault when it is
energized.
It is used to initiate BFP of three phases, and is usually from three-phase tripping contact of line
protection. The tripping contact is instantaneous operation contact, i.e. it will drop out immediately
after operation.
It is used to initiate BFP of three phases, and is usually from three-phase tripping contact of all
protection device except line protection, such as generator, transformer, and so on, which will not
initiate auto-reclosing.
It is normally closed auxiliary contact of phase A of circuit breaker and is used to indicate the status
It is normally closed auxiliary contact of phase B of circuit breaker and is used to indicate the
status of circuit. It is provided by interposing relay, for example, CZX-12R.
It is normally closed auxiliary contact of phase B of circuit breaker and is used to indicate the
status of circuit. It is provided by interposing relay, for example, CZX-12R.
It is connected with auxiliary contact of circuit breaker, which is used to supervise closing pressure
of circuit breaker. The auto-reclosing will be blocked after 200ms when it is energized. If
auto-reclosing of protective device is disabled, it need not be connected.
It is common connected with tripping contact from other protective device, such as breaker failure
protection. It is used to transfer tripping signal and trip remote circuit breaker through the channel.
It is common connected with tripping contact from other protective device, such as breaker failure
protection. It is used to transfer signal and trip remote circuit breaker through the channel
associated with auxiliary criterion of other protective device, for example, RCS-925 voltage relay.
It is common connected with tripping contact from other protective device, such as breaker failure
protection. It is used to transfer signal and trip remote circuit breaker through the channel
associated with auxiliary criterion of other protective device, for example, RCS-925 voltage relay.
815 830
801 BI_Pulse_GPS
802 BI_Print
803 BI_BlkComm
804 BI_RstTarg
805 BI_Opt1_ActiveGrp
806 BI_Opt2_ActiveGrp
Internal connected
6.3.7 BO Module
NR1521B
01
Configurable BO1
02
03
Configurable BO2
04
05
Configurable BO3
06
07
Configurable BO4
08
09
Configurable BO5
10
11
Configurable BO6
12
13
Configurable BO7
14
15
Configurable BO8
16
17
Configurable BO9
18
19
Configurable BO10
20
21
Configurable BO11
22
The module provides 11 groups of normally open contacts, which are all configurable binary output.
Apart from configurable BO10 and BO11, all contacts provided by this module are controlled by
general pick-up relay.
Any operation signal, alarm signal, intermediate signal or combination signal (support
programmable logic) can be pointed to any output channel, which can fulfill that some special
requirement that specific signal must be output to trip circuit breaker or issue signal. The
configuration method can refer to section 7.3.3.
6.3.8 BO Module
NR1552A
BSJ-1 02 COM1 01
XTJ-1 04 BJJ-1 03
COM2 06 XHJ-1 05
BJJ-2 08 BSJ-2 07
COM4 10 COM3 09
TDGJ-1 12 TDGJ-2 11
YC1-1 14 YC2-1 13
YC1-2 16 YC2-2 15
YC1-2 18 YC2-2 17
TJ-1 20 COM 19
BCJ-1 22 TJABC-1 21
TJ-2 24 COM 23
BCJ-2 26 TJABC-2 25
TJ-3 28 COM 27
BCJ-3 30 TJABC-3 29
BO_Fail_1 10 11
02 BO_Alm_Ch_1 BO_Alm_Ch_2
BO_Alm_Abnor_1 12 13
03 BO_Recv1_TS_1 BO_Recv2_TS_1
BO_Trp 14 09
04
BO_Cls 16 15
05 BO_Recv1_TS_2 BO_Recv2_TS_2
18 17
01
27 19 23
Remote signal
BO_Fail_2
07
BO_Alm_Abnor_2
08
06
For local signal, they are magnetic latching signals, so they can be reset by pressing RESET
button to energize binary input [BI_RstTarg] or reset command from SAS via communication
channel.
When DC power supply of protective device is lost or there is internal fault occurs in the protective
device, protective device will be blocked. Failure alarm signal will be issued by closing the
normally closed contact BO_Fail_1, BO_Fail_2 and BO_Fail_3.
When protective device is in abnormal condition but still running, such as VT circuit failure, CT
circuit failure, and so on, protective device is not blocked. Abnormal alarm signal will be issued by
closing the normally open contact BO_Alm_Abnor_1 and BO_Alm_Abnor_2.
When there is any protective element operating to trip three-phase circuit breaker or single-phase
circuit breaker, trip signal will be issued by closing the normally open contact BO_Trp_1,
BO_Trp_2 and BO_Trp_3. BO_Trp_1 and BO_Trp_2 can be used to initiate auto-reclosing of other
protective device by connecting with binary input [BI_ExTrp1P_AR].
When there is any protective element operating to trip three-phase circuit breaker, trip signal will
be issued by closing the normally open contact BO_Trp3P_1, BO_Trp3P_2 and BO_Trp3P_3.
BO_Trp3P_1 and BO_Trp3P_2 can be used to initiate auto-reclosing of other protective device by
connecting with binary input [BI_ExTrp3P_AR].
When the conditions that is used to block auto-reclosing is met, the normally open contact
BO_BlkAR_1, BO_BlkAR_2 and BO_BlkAR_3 will be closed.
Transfer signal relay retransmits transfer signals and provides two normally open contacts
respectively. When the binary input [VBI_Recv1_TS] or [VBI_Recv2_TS] is energized, these
contacts BO_Recv1_TS_1 and BO_Recv1_TS_2 or BO_Recv2_TS_1 and BO_Recv2_TS_2 will
be closed.
Channel alarm relay outputs channel alarm signal and provides two normally open contacts:
[BO_Alm_Ch_1] and [BO_Alm_Ch_2]. When the protective device does not receive the signal
from remote end, data frame is abnormal during data transmission, the settings related with
channel of protective device on both ends are wrong, including [Equip_ID], [ID_Local],
[ID_Remote] and [En_InnClock_ChA], or error rate of channel is greater than 0.1%, these contacts
will be closed.
6.3.9 BO Module
NR1551A
COM1 02 COM 01
COM2 04 03
06 TJA-1 05
TJA-2 08 TJB-1 07
TJB-2 10 TJC-1 09
TJC-2 12 HJ-1 11
14 13
COM5 16 TJA 15
TJC 18 TJB 17
COM3 20 TJA-3 19
TJC-3 22 TJB-3 21
COM4 24 TJA-4 23
TJC-4 26 TJB-4 25
HJ 28 HJ 27
HJ-2 30 HJ-2 29
16
BO_TrpC_1 BO_TrpC_2 BO_Cls_3
09 12 27
28
02 04
20 24 Reclosing 2
BO_Cls_2
29
30
The second BO module provides five groups of phase-segregated trip contacts and three groups
of auto-reclosing contacts, which are all instantaneous operating contact. The normally open
contact BO_TrpA_1, BO_TrpB_1, BO_TrpC_1 and BO_Cls_1, are connected with the first group
of tripping coil and closing coil of interposing relay to trip and close circuit breaker respectively, for
example, CZX-12R. Others are used as remote signal, to initiate fault recorder and to initiate
circuit breaker failure protection. If there are two circuit breakers needed tripped, for example, 3/2
breaker arrangement, the normally open contact BO_TrpA_2, BO_TrpB_2 and BO_TrpC_2 are
used to trip the second circuit breaker.
6.3.10 BO Module
NR1551B
COM1 02 01
COM2 04 03
06 TJA-5 05
TJA-6 08 TJB-5 07
TJB-6 10 TJC-5 09
TJC-6 12 11
14 13
COM3 16 TJA-7 15
TJC-7 18 TJB-7 17
COM4 20 TJA-8 19
TJC-8 22 TJB-8 21
24 23
26 25
28 27
30 29
When these contacts in the second module are not enough to used, another BO module can be
use as a expansion. Additional four groups of phase-segregated trip contacts can be gained.
Please declare firstly before ordering.
6.3.11 BO Module
NR1560A
BO1 02 BO1 01
BO2 04 BO2 03
06 05
08 07
BO3 10 BO3 09
BO4 12 BO4 11
BO5 14 BO5 13
BO6 16 BO6 15
BO7 18 BO7 17
BO8 20 BO8 19
BO9 22 BO9 21
BO10 24 BO10 23
26 25
28 27
30 29
BO1 BO_Trp3P_Lockout_1
01 09
02 10
BO2 BO_Trp3P_Lockout_2
03 11
04 12
BO_Inprog_AR_1 BO_BI_Lockout_1
13 17
14 18
BO_Inprog_AR_2 BO_BI_Lockout_2
15 19
16 20
Fail in auto-reclosing
BO_Fail_AR_1 BO_Fail_AR_2
21 23
22 24
The fourth module can provide ten contacts used for 3-pole tripping and lockout, blocking
auto-reclosing and so on. Figure 6.3-8 shows output contacts and corresponding terminals
provided by this module.
Terminal 001~003 of power supply module are the dry contacts for failure and alarm output by the
device. Terminal 001 is the common terminal, the failure contact is a normally closed contact and
the alarm contact is a normally open contact.
Terminals 004-006 of power supply module are the other group of dry contacts for failure and
alarm.
Terminals 007 and 008 of power supply module are the output terminals of 24V power supply, the
24 V power supply is mainly used for the 24V opto-coupler input module. Among which, the
terminal 007 is for 24V+ and the terminal 008 is for 24V-. The rated current output by the power
supply is 200mA.
Terminals 010 and 011of power supply module are the power supply input terminals. In which, the
terminal 010 is for DC + and 011 is for DC -. The rated input voltages of power supply are adaptive
220V or 110V. For other voltage grades, special purchase order will be required. Before delivery,
please check the rated input voltage of the power supply module is the same as the voltage of
control power supply.
The power supply module provides terminal 012 and ground screw for the grounding of device.
Firstly, please connect the terminal 012 to the ground screw, and then use special ground wire to
connect it to the grounding copper busbar of cabinet. Good grounding is the most important
measure for keeping the device free from electromagnetic interference, hence, before the
application of the device, we must ensure that it has been well grounded.
NR1301A
COM1 01
BO_Fail_1
BSJ1 02 02
BO_Alm_Abnor_1
BJJ1 03 03
COM2 04 01
BO_Fail_2
BSJ2 05 05
BO_Alm_Abnor_2
BJJ2 06 06
24V+ 07 04
24V- 08
09
DC+ 10
DC- 11
GND 12
Grounding Screw
Grounding Bus
The display panel consists of liquid crystal display module, keyboard, indicator lamp and ARM
processor. The functions of ARM processor include display control of the liquid crystal display
module, keyboard processing, and exchanging data with the CPU through serial port etc. The
liquid crystal display module is a high-performance grand liquid crystal panel with soft back lighting,
which has a user-friendly interface and an extensive display range.
By adoption of PCS-PC software, it is able to make binary input and binary output configuration,
LED indicator configuration and programming logic for PCS-931.
PCS-PC software, assorted with UAPC platform device, is developed in order to meet customers
demand on functions of device such as device configuration and programmable design. It selects
substation as the core of data management and the device as fundamental unit, supporting one
substation joint to govern many ones of the devices. The software provides on-line and off-line
functions: on-line mode: Ethernet connected with the device to support IEC 60870-5-103 protocol
and downloading of binary files through Ethernet net; off-line mode: off-line setting configuration.
In addition, it also supports programmable logic to meet customers corresponding demand. For
any detail, please refer to Instruction Manual of PCS-PC Auxiliary Software.
3. Use the column to choose whether hold LED or not. In case of Yes selected,
resetting must be performed by the resetting button once it is lit. In case of No selected, the
signals will reset automatically once the input signal returns.
4. If users hope the User_defined_LED_1 is lit and held when DPFC differential element
operates, configure it as per the following picture.
6. The signal in the column of Signal can be moved up, moved down, inserted or deleted by
right-click, and then left-click to execute corresponding command (up, down, insert, delete).
4. The signal in the column of Destination can be deleted by right-click, and then left-click to
execute delete command.
2. Users can draw the elements from the column at the right to
point to a or several binary output contact. The optional signals include: Trip Elements, Alarm,
Binary Change and Other Type (Reserved).
4. The signal added in the column of Source can be deleted by right-click, and then left-click to
execute delete command.
Chapter 8 Settings
The equipment has 10 setting groups for protection to coordinate with the mode of power system
operation, one of which is assigned to be active. However, equipment parameters are common for
all protection setting groups.
Note!
All current settings in this chapter are secondary current converted from primary current by
CT ratio. Zero sequence current or voltage setting is configured according to 3I0 or 3U0
and negative sequence current setting according to I2 or U2.
Overview
Setting Description
They are used for Ethernet communication based on the 103 protocol. When the IEC 61850
protocol is applied, the IP address of Ethernet A will be GOOSE source MAC address.
4. Comm_Addr
Communication address between the protective device with the SCADA or RTU via RS-485
5. COM1_Baud
6. COM2_Baud
7. COM1_Protocol
2: Modbus Protocol
8. COM2_Protocol
2: Modbus Protocol
9. En_BlkComm
It is set as 1 when the device is in maintenance. During such period, the fault report due to test
will not be sent upstream through communication ports, while local display and printing will not be
affected.
It is set as 0 when the device is in service. The relation between this setting and binary input
[BI_BlkComm] is OR, i.e. as long as one of them is set as 1, such information as fault report
and waveform will not be sent upstream.
10. Printer_Baud
11. En_Auto_Print
If automatic print is required for fault report after protection operating, it is set as 1. Otherwise, it
should be set to 0.
12. En_HiSpeed_Print
It is set as 0 for common printing with high definition, while it is set as 1 for high-speed printing.
13. Opt_TimeSync
1: IRIG-B differential
14. En_DualNet_GOOSE
1: Enable both net A link and net B link of the GOOSE module, and then the GOOSE module is
able to work in dual Ethernet mode.
0: Disable net B link of the GOOSE module, and then the GOOSE module can only work in single
Ethernet mode.
Overview
1. ActiveGrp
It is current active setting group. 10 setting groups are provided for selecting, group number from 0
to 9. Equipment parameter is shared for 10 setting groups.
2. Equip_ID
It is intended to set Chinese character field codes (12 bits) or ASCII codes (last 6 bits), which can
be recognized by the device automatically. Such setting is used for printing messages.
3. I1N
4. I2N
5. U1N
6. En_BI_GOOSE
This setting is usually used for the case that GOOSE scheme is adopted in the bay level of digital
substation. When it is set as 1, the binary signal is valid received from GOOSE net and is invalid
received via opto-coupler, but corresponding binary input change report is still generated if the
status of binary input is changed. When it is set as 0, the binary signal is invalid received from
GOOSE net and is valid received via opto-coupler, but corresponding binary input change report is
still generated if the status of binary input is changed.
Overview
Setting Description
1. I_DPFC_OC_FD
Setting principle: This value should be greater than maximum variation of load current and
typically 0.2 In. For line with wide variation of load current like those for electric railway, heavy
rolling mill or aluminum-smelting, the setting should be increased properly so that frequent starting
of the equipment could be avoided.
2. I_ROC_FD
Setting principle: It shall be greater than maximum zero-sequence unbalance current. Setting it
based on same primary current on both ends.
3. Z_DPFC
Setting principle: it shall be 80~85% impedance of whole line. For double-circuit lines, 70% of the
line impedance is recommended. However, for short line, it is recommended that DPFC distance
protection should be disabled if the set value is smaller than 1/In.
4. I_Diff
Setting principle: it shall be greater than the maximum unbalance current under the maximum load
conditions, and 400A~700A (primary current) is recommended. When the logic setting
[En_CapCurrComp] is set as 0, it can be appropriately increased, and 500A~800A (primary
current) is recommended.
5. ID_Local
6. ID_Remote
Used to confirm that equipments at both ends of line are compatible. The end of which setting
[ID_Local] should be same as the [ID_Remote] of the other and the greater [ID_Local] between
the two ends is chosen as a master end for sampling synchronism, the other is a slave end. If the
setting [ID_Local] is set as same as [ID_Remote], that means the equipment in loopback testing
state.
7. K_Corr_CT
The ratio of CTs on two terminals of the line could be different. it could be corrected by setting
[K_Corr_CT].
Setting principle: Suppose CT ratio, Terminal M: kM=IM1n : IM2n; Terminal N: is and kN=IN1n : IN2n
IM1n: primary rated current of terminal M, IM2n: secondary rated current of terminal M
IN1n: primary rated current of terminal N, IN2n: secondary rated current of terminal N
Terminal M: [K_Corr_CT]=1.00
For example:
8. I_Diff_CTS
When CT circuit fails, this setting is the threshold value of differential protection instead of the
setting [I _Diff] if the logic setting [En_CTSBlkDiff] is set as 0.
9. K0
Setting principle: K0=(Z0LZ1L)/3Z1L, where Z0L and Z1L are zero and positive sequence impedance
of the line respectively. Actual measurement value is suggested adopted, but calculated value with
0.05 subtracted from can also be used if there is not actual measurement value.
10. I_OC_PSBR
Setting principle: This current setting should be greater than maximum load current of the line. The
sensitivity coefficient takes 1.1.
11. Z_PG1
Setting principle: Setting of this zone should be 0.8~0.85 times the impedance of the line and
should be decreased properly for line with mutual inductance. The recommended value is 0.7
times the impedance of the line. The setting should avoid zone 1 of distance element maloperation
when a fault occurs in the remote bus of line.
12. Z_PP1
Setting principle: Setting of this zone should be 0.8~0.85 times the impedance of the line. The
setting should avoid zone 1 of distance element maloperation when a fault occurs in the remote
bus of line.
13. Z_PG2
14. Z_PG3
15. Z_PP2
16. Z_PP3
17. t_PG2
18. t_PG3
19. t_PP2
20. t_PP3
Setting principle: Setting of the impedance and time delay of these zones should meet
requirements between various zones and operation should be ensured even for fault at end of the
line.
21. Z_Rev
22. t_Rev
Setting principle: it should meet requirement between zone 3 distance element and busbar
protection.
23. R_Blinder
Setting principle: It should be less than the minimum impedance measured during heavy load
conditions and it should meet the requirement of sensitivity, usually take 0.7 as sensitive
coefficient.
24. R1_Quad
25. R2_Quad
26. R3_Quad
Setting principle: The proposed limitation of Z/R ratio is 1/4, in another word, it is recommended
that Z/R ratio is not smaller than 1/4.
Besides [R1_Quad], [R2_Quad] and [R3_Quad] should be in the range of (0.05~200)/In and ward
load impedance, these settings are recommended to satisfy the following condition:
[R1_Quad][4Z_PG1], [R2_Quad][4Z_PG2], [R3_Quad][4Z_PG3]. But this limitation is not
imperative. So during the calculation of the settings [R1_Quad], [R2_Quad] and [R3_Quad], the
consideration includes: the setting range of (0.05~200)/In, the load impedance and the proposed
limitation of Z/R ratio.
27. phi1_Reach
28. phi0_Reach
Setting step: 1
Phase angle of positive and zero sequence impedance of the line. Set as they should be.
29. phi_Shift_ZPG
Setting step: 1
Phase shift of zone 1 and 2 phase-to-ground distance element. Recommended value: 30for
length of the line < 10 km, 15for length 10 km and 0for length 40 km.
30. phi_Shift_ZPP
Setting step: 1
Phase shift of zone 1 and 2 phase-to-phase distance element. Recommended value: 30for
length of the line < 2 km, 15for length 2 km and 0for length 10 km.
31. I_ROC1
32. I_ROC2
33. t_ROC2
34. I_ROC3
35. t_ROC3
36. I_ROC4
37. t_ROC4
Current settings and time delay of stage 1~4 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection.
38. I_InvROC
It is set according to the fault condition via maximum fault resistance (i.e. maximum fault
resistance takes 100 for 220kV transmission line and 300 for 500kV transmission line), and it
shall be greater than the maximum unbalanced current during the normal operation condition,
usually not greater than 300A.
39. t_InvROC
It is the time constant of normal IDMT equation and the following criterion shall be met:
t 0ZDinv TS + t
t 0ZDinv t 0ZD2XL + t
Where:
t 0ZD2XL : The time delay of zone 2 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection in the
adjacent line
40. I_ROC_SOTF
Setting principle: This setting should ensure sufficient sensitivity to ground fault at end of the line.
41. I_OC_VTS
42. I_ROC_VTS
43. t_OC/ROC_VTS
Time setting of phase and zero sequence overcurrent elements for VTS.
44. I_OC1
45. t_OC1
46. I_OC2
47. t_OC2
48. I_OC3
49. t_OC3
Current settings and time delay of stage 1~4 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent protection.
50. Opt_InvOC3
1: standard inverse
2: very inverse
3: extremely inverse
51. I_OC_BFP1
52. I_ROC_BFP1
53. I_NegOC_BFP1
54. I_OC_BFP2
55. I_ROC_BFP2
56. I_NegOC_BFP2
57. t_BFP1
The breaker protected directly by the breaker failure protection will be re-tripped with this delay
when the breaker failure protection operates.
58. t_BFP2
Time delay of tripping all adjacent circuit breakers connected to the same busbar and remote end
circuit breaker by stage 2 of breaker failure protection.
59. phi_Diff_SynChk
Setting step: 1
60. phi_Fix_Diff
Setting step: 1
The line voltage can be phase or phase-to-phase voltage, and this setting is referred to the angle
that line voltage is lagged behind the busbar voltage during synchronism check.
For example, in case busbar voltage adopts phase A voltage, the fixed phase difference between
UB and UL is as follows:
UL A B C AB BC CA
phi_Fix_Diff 0 120 240 330 90 30
61. f_Diff_SynChk
62. V_Diff_SynChk
63. V_Dead
Setting principle: the setting must be greater than the coupling voltage produced due to coupling of
adjacent lines, and is generally set as 30%Un.
64. V_Live
Setting principle: the setting should be set according to actual conditions, and is generally set as
80%Un.
65. t_VoltChk
66. t_SynChk
Setting principle: the setting shall be set according to actual requirements. In case frequency
difference value is not adopted, the setting shall be set in conjunction with the requirements of
frequency difference.
67. t_1P_AR
Setting principle: the setting should be set according to system stability requirement, meanwhile,
arc-extinguishing of instantaneous fault and insulation recovery ability should also be considered.
Generally, this setting is greater than 0.5s, 1.0s is recommended.
68. t_3P_AR
Setting principle: the setting should be set according to system stability requirement,
arc-extinguishing of instantaneous fault and insulation recovery ability should also be considered.
In addition, possibility for two-side protection (double power supply) to cut off fault with different
time limit should be taken into consideration. This setting for power plant outlets or intensive
network is generally set as 10s.
69. t_CBClsd_AR
70. t_Unsuc_AR
The setting is the time delay from reclosing command sent to unsuccessful reclosing, which shall
be greater than the reclosing operation time of circuit breaker.
71. t_Wait_SynChk
The setting is the maximum allowable time used for synchronism check. In case the synchronism
check is unsuccessful after exceeding this setting, the auto-reclosing will be blocked.
72. t_PW_AR
Duration time of circuit breaker closing pulse length. The setting must be greater than the
reclosing time of circuit breaker.
73. t_Reclaim_AR
The reset time of circuit breaker after auto-reclosing operation. After resetting, the auto-reclosing
can implement the next reclosing.
74. X1L
75. R1L
76. X0L
77. R0L
Positive sequence and zero sequence reactance and resistance of the line. Parameter of the
transmission line, used for calculation of fault location.
78. XC1L
79. XC0L
Setting step: 1
Setting principle: when the logic setting [En_CapCurrComp] is set as 1, they must be set
according to actual parameters of total transmission line (secondary value). If no actual measured
value is provided, the following table can be as a reference.
Capacitive impedance and current of overhead per 100KM based on different voltage class
However, when the logic setting [En_CapCurrComp] is set as 1, they can be set as any value
within its setting range, or [XC0L]=1.5Un/[I_Pkp_Diff]; [XC1L]=Un/[I_Pkp_Diff].
80. Z_Reac_Local
Setting step: 1
Setting principle: if shunt reactor is equipped with the local substation, it shall be set as the
secondary value of shunt reactor of local substation, otherwise, it can be set as 6000. When
the logic setting [En_CapCurrComp] is set as 0, this setting can be set as any value within its
setting range.
81. Z_GndReac_Local
Setting step: 1
Setting principle: if ground reactor is equipped with the local substation, it shall be set as the
secondary value of ground reactor of local substation, otherwise, it can be set as 6000. When
the logic setting [En_CapCurrComp] is set as 0, this setting can be set as any value within its
setting range.
82. Z_Reac_Remote
Setting step: 1
Setting principle: if shunt reactor is equipped with the remote substation, it shall be set as the
secondary value of shunt reactor of remote substation, otherwise, it can be set as 6000. When
the logic setting [En_CapCurrComp] is set as 0, this setting can be set as any value within its
setting range.
83. Z_GndReac_Remote
Setting step: 1
Setting principle: if ground reactor is equipped with the remote substation, it shall be set as the
secondary value of ground reactor of remote substation, otherwise, it can be set as 6000.
When the logic setting [En_CapCurrComp] is set as 0, this setting can be set as any value within
its setting range.
84. LineLength
Total length of the line. The actual total length of the line km, used for calculation of fault location.
85. Line_ID
Number of the line. The actual identification number of the transmission line in site, only used for
printing report.
Note!
For impedance setting, even if some zones of distance element are disabled, these
settings must meet the following relation:
[Z_PP3][Z_PP2][Z_PP1]
[Z_PG3][Z_PG2][Z_PG1]
Impedance setting of zone 3 of distance element should be sensitive to fault at end of the
line.
Note!
All zero-sequence current settings should be greater than that of zero-sequence current
fault detector element. These settings must meet the following relation:
[I_ROC1][I_ROC2][I_ROC3][I_ROC4][I_ROC_FD]
[I_OC1][I_OC2][I_OC3]
These logic settings are used to configure protective function of the protective device. They can be
set as 1 or 0. Setting as 1 means that the corresponding protective function is enabled or valid,
while setting as 0 means that the corresponding protective function is disabled or invalid.
Overview
0: disable
enable differential protection blocked during CT circuit
failure
11 En_CTSBlkDiff
1: enable
0: disable
enable inner clock of channel A
12 En_InnClock_ChA 1: enable
0: disable
transfer trip controlled by local fault detector
13 En_FD_Ctrl_TT 1: enable
0: disable
primary voltage of VT deriving from line voltage
14 En_LineVT 1: from line VT
0: from busbar VT
enable PSBR for zone 1,2 of distance element
15 En_PSBR 1: enable
0: disable
enable zone 1 of phase-to-ground distance element
16 En_ZPG1 1: enable
0: disable
enable zone 2 of phase-to-ground distance element
17 En_ZPG2 1: enable
0: disable
enable zone 3 of phase-to-ground distance element
18 En_ZPG3 1: enable
0: disable
enable zone 1 of phase-to-phase distance element
19 En_ZPP1 1: enable
0: disable
enable zone 2 of phase-to-phase distance element
20 En_ZPP2 1: enable
0: disable
enable zone 3 of phase-to-phase distance element
21 En_ZPP3 1: enable
0: disable
enable phase-to-ground reversal distance element
22 En_ZPG_Rev 1: enable
0: disable
enable phase-to-phase reversal distance element
23 En_ZPP_Rev 1: enable
0: disable
enable restrict impedance measured of line load
24 En_Blinder 1: enable
0: disable
enable zone 1 of quadrilateral phase-to-ground distance
protection
25 En_ZPG1_Quad
1: enable
0: disable
0: disable
enable stage 3 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent
protection accelerated operating
39 En_ROC3_SOTF
1: enable
0: disable
enable stage 4 of directional zero-sequence overcurrent
protection accelerated operating
40 En_ROC4_SOTF
1: enable
0: disable
enable stage 1 of directional phase overcurrent protection
41 En_OC1 1: enable
0: disable
enable stage 2 of directional phase overcurrent protection
42 En_OC2 1: enable
0: disable
enable stage 3 of directional phase overcurrent protection
43 En_OC3 1: enable
0: disable
enable direction blocking to stage 1 of directional phase
overcurrent protection
44 En_Dir_OC1
1: enable
0: disable
enable direction blocking to stage 2 of directional phase
overcurrent protection
45 En_Dir_OC2
1: enable
0: disable
enable direction blocking to stage 3 of directional phase
overcurrent protection
46 En_Dir_OC3
1: enable
0: disable
enable inverse-time characteristic for stage 3 of phase
overcurrent protection
47 En_InvOC3
1:inverse time
0: definite time
enable breaker failure protection
48 En_BFP 1: enable
0: disable
enable zero-sequence current criterion of breaker failure
protection initiated by single-phase tripping contact
49 En_ROC_1P_BFP
1: enable
0: disable
enable zero-sequence current criterion of breaker failure
protection initiated by three-phase tripping contact
50 En_ROC_BFP
1: enable
0: disable
51 En_NegOC_BFP enable negative-sequence current criterion of breaker failure
1: enable
0: disable
enable auto-reclosing blocked when three-phase fault
happens
63 En_3PF_Blk_AR
1: enable
0: disable
enable phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage as
synchronism voltage
64 En_PhVolt_Syn
1: phase voltage
0: phase-to-phase voltage
enable synchronism check
65 En_SynChk_AR 1: enable
0: disable
enable dead line and dead bus (DLDB) check
66 En_DdB_DdL_AR 1: enable
0: disable
enable dead line and live bus (DLLB) check
67 En_LvB_DdL_AR 1: enable
0: disable
enable live line and dead bus (LLDB) check
68 En_DdB_LvL_AR 1: enable
0: disable
enable AR without voltage check and synchronism check
69 En_NoChk_AR 1: enable
0: disable
enable auto-reclosing
70 En_AR 1: enable
0: disable
select AR mode by logic setting
71 En_SetOpt_AR 1: AR mode determined by internal logic settings
0: AR mode determined by external binary inputs
enable 1-pole auto-reclosing mode when the logic setting
[En_SetOpt_AR] set as 1
72 En_1P_AR
1: enable
0: disable
enable 3-pole auto-reclosing mode when the logic setting
[En_SetOpt_AR] set as 1
73 En_3P_AR
1: enable
0: disable
enable 1/3-pole auto-reclosing mode when the logic setting
[En_SetOpt_AR] set as 1
74 En_1/3P_AR
1: enable
0: disable
Setting Description
1. En_Z_DPFC
For short transmission line, if the secondary value of line impedance is less than 1/IN, DPFC
distance protection should be disabled.
2. En_FD_Ctrl_TT
If the setting is set as 1, transfer tripping controlled by local fault detector. Local trip circuit could
be active by remote command (i.e. [VBI_RecvTT]=1) only when local fault detector initiates. if do
not use transfer tripping, the setting should be set as 1.
3. En_LineVT
If three-phase voltage used for protection measurement comes from line side (for example, 3/2
breaker), it should be set as 1. If three-phase voltage comes from busbar side, it should be set as
0.
1: Three phase voltage is from line voltage, synchronism voltage is single-phase voltage from bus
voltage
0: Three phase voltage is from bus voltage, synchronism voltage is single-phase voltage from line
voltage
Note!
The setting must be set carefully. The no-voltage check and the synchronous check will
determine the locations of line voltage and busbar voltage on the basis of the setting. If the
setting is mistaken, the mistaken judgment may be made.
4. En_PSBR
The function of power swing blocking for zone 1,2 of distance element;
0: disable; zone 1,2 of distance element is not controlled by PSBR element, and power swing
blocking for zone 1,2 of distance element is released all along.
5. En_Z2SOTF_AR3P
6. En_Z3SOTF_AR3P
If the setting is set as 1, zone2, 3 of distance element for auto-reclosing SOTF is enabled. If the
power swing does not occur after reclosing, the corresponding zone of distance protection which is
not controlled by power swing block will trip after a shorter time delay than [t_PG2] or [t_PP2] and
[t_PG3] or [t_PP3].
7. En_3P_Trip
If it is set as 1, three-pole tripping will be implemented for any fault but auto-reclosing is not
blocked.
8. En_SetOpt_AR
When the setting is set as 1, AR mode can be selected by logic settings [En_1P_AR], single-pole
AR, [En_3P_AR], three-pole AR, and [En_1/3P_AR], single-pole and three-pole AR. Conversely, if
it is set as 0, AR mode can be selected by switch on the panel. Please refer to section 6.3.6.
Virtual enable binary input (VEBI) is a kind of special logic setting to enable protection functions.
These virtual binary inputs can be configured through local HMI or remote PC, no matter logic
setting [En_Remote_Cfg] is 1 or not.
1. En_Remote_Cfg
This setting is used to determine whether the protection settings can be modified remotely via
SCADA or RTU. 1 means that settings can be remotely configured via SCADA or RTU, otherwise,
it should be set to 0.
Each VEBI setting is one of the conditions that decide whether the relevant protection is in service,
when this relay is energized. Through SAS or RTU, the VEBI settings can be set as 1 or 0;
and it means that the relevant protection can be in service or out of service through remote
command. It provides convenience for operation management.
These virtual binary inputs provide a convenient way for the operator to put the function in service
or out of service remotely away from an unattended substation.
Except for [VEBI_Lockout], logic relation between these virtual enable binary inputs mentioned in
the table and corresponding logic setting is AND. If it is set as 1, auto-reclosing will be locked out.
It should be set as 0 generally.
The protection device configured with the GOOSE function is set with the VEBI setting used for
GOOSE sending and GOOSE receiving. It can provide up to 12 VEBI settings used for GOOSE
receiving and 12 VEBI settings used for GOOSE sending. These GOOSE VEBI settings can be
modified remotely or locally.
This chapter describes human machine interface (HMI), and give operator a instruction about how
to display or print event report, setting and so on through HMI menu tree and display metering
value, including mean current, voltage and frequency etc. through LCD. In the same time, how to
change active setting group or a settable parameter value through keypad is also described in
details.
9.1 Overview
The human-machine interface consists of a human-machine interface (HMI) module which allows
a communication to be as simple as possible for the user. The HMI module helps to draw your
attention to something that has occurred which may activate a LED or a report displayed on the
LCD. Operator can locate the data of interest by navigating the keypad.
5
HEALTHY xx
PCS - 931
ALARM xx
LINE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY
VT ALARM xx
AR READY xx
GR
P
CH A ALARM xx
ENT
CH B ALARM xx
ESC
TRIP A xx
TRIP B xx
TRIP C xx 1 3
RECLOSE xx
4
2
1. ESC:
2. ENT:
3. GRP
Page up/down
When the protection device runs normally after it is energized, the HEALTHY LED should be on
all the time. Only with serious fault (such as chip damage, check error of setting, etc.) will the
When the protection device runs normally after it is energized, the ALARM LED should go out.
Only when abnormal situations except channel abnormity and VT circuit failure happen, will the
signal indicator lamp be lightened. This signal lamp goes out automatically when the abnormal
situations disappear.
After the protection device is energized, if it works normally, the VT ALARM LED shall not be on.
Only when the secondary circuit of busbar VT or line VT fails, will the VT ALARM LED be
lightened. Moreover, it will go out automatically in 10 seconds after the abnormal situations
disappear.
After the protection device is energized, the AR READY LED shall go out. Only when all the
charging conditions for automatic reclosure are met can the AR READY LED be lightened after
10s. After the reclosing is executed for one shot, the AR READY LED will go out automatically.
When the protection device runs normally after it is energized, the CH A ALARM LED should go
out. Only when the channel A has error codes or invalid data frames, etc. will the signal indicator
lamp be lightened.
When the protection device runs normally after it is energized, the CH B ALARM LED should go
out. Only when the channel B has error codes or invalid data frames, etc. will the signal indicator
lamp be lightened.
After the protection device is energized, normally the TRIP A LED should go out. Only when the
protection device sends out phase A tripping signal will the signal lamp be lightened.
After the protection device is energized, normally the TRIP B LED should go out. Only when the
protection device sends out phase A tripping signal will the signal lamp be lightened.
After the protection device is energized, normally the TRIP C LED should go out. Only when the
protection device sends out phase A tripping signal will the signal lamp be lightened.
After the protection device is energized, normally the RECLOSE LED should go out. Only when
the protection device sends out reclosing signal will the signal lamp be lightened.
Note!
Another 10 LED indicators are programmable and user can configure them to be lit by
signals of operation element, alarm element and binary output contact according to
requirement through PCS-PC software.
It is used to access the hardware of the protection device via HyperTerminal. This port is only used
to monitor the communication state by engineering debugging personnel and debug the program
by developers.
9.1.4 Communication
The MON module is comprised by embedded processor of high performance, FLASH, SRAM,
SDRAM, Ethernet controller and other peripheral equipments. It can realize the management,
human machine interface, communication and waveform recording of the whole device. The MON
module uses the data of other modules in the receiver device of internal bus, and communicates
with LCD panel via RS-485 bus.
ETHERNET
Network A
Network B
Take NR1102C as an example, its rear view and the definition of terminals are shown as Figure
9.1-4. This module is equipped with two 100BaseT Ethernet interface, PPS/IRIG-B differential
synchronization interface and RS-232 printer interface.
The Ethernet interface can be used to communication with PC via auxiliary software (PCS-PC) by
connecting the protection device with PC, so as to fulfill on-line function (please refer to the
instruction manual of PCS-PC). At first, the connection between the protection device and PC
must be established. Through setting the IP address and subnet mask of corresponding Ethernet
interface in the menu SETTINGSEQUIP_SETTINS, it should be ensured that the protection
device and PC are in the same network segment. For example, setting the IP address and subnet
mask of network A. (using network A to connect with PC)
The IP address and subnet mask of protection device should be [IP_Addr_NetA]= 198.87.96.XXX,
[Subnet_Mask_A]=255.255.255.0, [En_NetA]=1. (XXX can be any value from 0 to 255 except
102)
9.2.1 Overview
Press of any running interface and enter the main menu. Select different submenu by and
. Enter the selected submenu by pressing ENT or . Press and return to the previous
menu. Press ESC and exit the main menu directly. For sake of executing the command menu
again, one command menu will be recorded in the quick menu after its first execution. Five latest
menu commands can be recorded in the quick menu. When the five menu commands are
recorded, the latest menu command will cover the earliest one, adopting the first in first out
principle. It is arranged from top to bottom and in accordance with the execution order of command
menus. Press to enter the main menu with the interface as shown in the following diagram:
For the first powered protective device, there is no recorded shortcut menu. Press to enter the
main menu with the interface as shown in the following diagram:
INTERFACE
TEST_MODE
VERSION
CLOCK
LOCAL_CTRL
SETTINGS
REPORT
VALUES
Under the main interface, press to enter the main menu, and select submenu by pressing ,
and ENT. The command menu adopts a tree shaped content structure. The above diagram
provides the integral structure and all the submenus under menu tree of the protection device.
9.2.2 VALUES
This menu is mainly used to display the real time sampling value of current, voltage and phase
angle and the state of binary inputs (including binary inputs via opto-coupler and GOOSE binary
inputs) and alarm signals in the protection device. Besides, the communication state of optical
fibre channel and sampling channel by ECVT are also be checked. This menu fully reflects the
running environment of the protection device. As long as the displayed values consist with the
actual running situation, basically, the protection device can work normally. This menu is set to
greatly facilitate the debugging and maintenance of people on site.
9.2.3 REPORT
This menu is used to display the fault reports, self-supervision reports, binary input change reports
and control reports, so that the operator can load to view and use as the reference of analyzing
accidents and maintaining the protection device. All the reports are stored in non-volatile memory,
it can still record the reports even if it loses its power.
9.2.4 PRINT
This menu is used for printing device description, setting, fault reports, self-supervision reports,
binary input change reports, waveform, information related with IEC60870-5-103 Protocol,
channel state and channel statistic.
9.2.5 SETTINGS
This menu is used to check the equipment parameters, system parameters, protection settings,
VEBI settings and GOOSE VEBI settings, as well as modifying any of the above setting items.
Moreover, it can also execute the setting copy between different setting groups.
9.2.7 CLOCK
It is used to display and modify the current date and time of the protection device.
9.2.8 VERSION
It is used to check the information like the program version of each intelligent module in the
protection device and the program generating time.
9.2.9 TEST_MODE
This menu is mainly used for developers to debug the program and for engineers to maintain the
protection device. It can be used to check module information and tripping reports item by item,
and fulfill the communication test function. It is also used to generate all kinds of reports or events
to transmit to the SAS without any external input, so as to debug the communication on site.
9.2.10 INTERFACE
This menu is mainly used to set LCD display language. This menu includes the following
command menus.
9.3.1 Overview
There are five kinds of LCD display, SLD (single line diagram) display, tripping reports, alarm
reports, binary input changing reports and control reports. Tripping reports and alarm reports will
not disappear until these reports are acknowledged by pressing the RESET button in the
protection panel (i.e. energizing the binary input [BI_RstTarg]). User can press both ENT and
ESC at the same time to switch the display among trip reports, alarm reports and the SLD display.
Binary change reports will be displayed for 5s and then it will return to the previous display
interface automatically. Control reports will not pop up and can only be viewed by navigating the
corresponding menu.
Under normal condition, the LCD will display the following interface. The LCD adopts white color
as its backlight that is activated if once there is any keyboard operation, and is extinguished
automatically after 60 seconds of no operation.
The displayed content of the interface contains: the current date and time of the protection device
(with a format of yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss:), the currently valid setting group number, the three-phase
current sampling value, the zero-sequence current sampling value, the three-phase voltage
sampling value, the zero-sequence voltage sampling value, the line voltage sampling value, line
frequency and bus frequency. if all the sampling values of the voltage and the current cant be fully
displayed within one screen, theyll be scrolling-displayed automatically from the top to the bottom.
If the device has detected any abnormal state, it will display the self-check alarm information.
For the situation that the fault report and the self-check report coexist, the upper half part is fault
report, and the lower half part is self-check report. As to the upper half part, it displays separately
the record number of fault report, fault name, generating time of fault report (with a format of
yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss), protection element and tripping element. If there is protection element, there
is relative time on the basis of fault detector element and fault phase. At the same time, if the total
lines of protection element and tripping element are more than 3, a scroll bar will appear at the
right. The height of the black part of the scroll bar basically indicates the total lines of protection
element and tripping element, and its position suggests the position of the currently displayed line
in the total lines. The scroll bar of protection element and tripping element will roll up at the speed
of one line per time. When it rolls to the last three lines, it will roll from the earliest protection
element and tripping element again. The displayed content of the lower half part is similar to that of
the upper half part.
If the device has no self-check report, the display interface will only show the fault report.
All the possibly displayed fault reports are shown as Table 9.3-1.
[BI_TrigOscillo]
38 BO_Fail_AR Auto-reclosing is failure
All the possibly displayed alarm messages are shown as Table 9.3-2.
All the possibly displayed binary inputs are shown as Table 9.3-3, Table 9.3-4 and Table 9.3-5.
Note!
For binary signals [BI_Pulse_GPS], [BI_Print], [BI_BlkComm] and [BI_RstTarg], they are
not logged in the event recorder and only are viewed on the LCD through menu BI
STATE
All the possibly displayed control reports are shown as Table 9.3-6.
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the VALUES menu, and then press the
ENT or to enter the menu;
3. Press the or to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
ENT to enter the menu;
4. Press the or to page up/down (if all information cannot be displayed in one
display screen, one screen can display 14 lines of information at most);
6. Press the ENT or ESC to exit this menu (returning to the VALUES menu);
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the REPORT menu, and then press the
ENT or to enter the menu;
3. Press the or to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
ENT to enter the menu;
7. Press the ENT or ESC to exit this menu (returning to the REPORT menu);
For the fault report, view the single item tripping report by the command menu
ITEM_TRP_REPORT, and the item tripping report produces with change of any item of fault
report. The item tripping reports can save for 1024 times at most.
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the TEST_MODE menu, and then press the
ENT or to enter the menu;
5. Press the ESC to exit this menu (returning to the TEST_MODE menu).
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the TEST_MODE menu, and then press the
ENT or to enter the menu;
3. Press the or to move the cursor to the command menu BOARD_INFO, and
then press the ENT to enter the menu;
5. Press the ENT or ESC to exit this menu (returning to the TEST_MODE menu).
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the PRINT menu, and then press the ENT
or to enter the menu;
3. Press the or to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
ENT to enter the menu;
Press the or to select pervious or next record. After pressing the ENT, the LCD will
display Start Printing..., and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu PRINT). If
the printer does not complete its current print task and re-start it for printing, and the LCD will
display Printer Busy. Press the ESC to exit this menu (returning to the menu PRINT).
Press the or to move the cursor. Press the or to select the starting and ending
numbers of printing message. After pressing the ENT, the LCD will display Start Printing..., and
then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu PRINT). Press the ESC to exit this
menu (returning to the menu PRINT).
5. If selecting the WAVEFORM or SETTINGS, press the ENT or to enter the next
level of menu;
6. After entering the submenu SETTINGS, press or to move the cursor, and then
press the ENT to print the corresponding default value. If selecting the
PROT_SETTINGS or ALL_SETTINGS:
Press the or to select the setting zone to be printed. After pressing the ENT, the LCD will
display Start Printing..., and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu
SETTINGS). Press the ESC to exit this menu (returning to the menu SETTINGS).
7. After entering the submenu WAVEFORM, press the ENT to enter the SMPL_WAVE.
Without waveform data, the LCD will display No Wave Form Data! (Before executing
the command menu SMPL_WAVE, it is necessary to execute the command menu
TRIG_OSCILLOG in the menu LOCAL_CTRL, otherwise the LCD will display No
Waveform Data!). With waveform data existing:
Press the or to select pervious or next record. After pressing the ENT, the LCD will
display Start Printing..., and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu
WAVEFORM). If the printer does not complete its current print task and re-start it for printing, and
the LCD will display Printer Busy. Press the ESC to exit this menu (returning to the menu
WAVEFORM).
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the SETTINGS menu, and then press the
ENT or to enter the menu;
3. Press the or to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
ENT to enter the menu;
7. Press the ESC to exit this menu (returning to the menu SETTINGS).
Note!
If the displayed information exceeds 14 lines, the scroll bar will appear on the right side of
the LCD to indicate the quantity of all displayed information of the command menu and the
relative location of information where the current cursor points at.
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the SETTINGS menu, and then press
the ENT or to enter the menu;
3. Press the or to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
ENT to enter the menu;
7. Press the ESC to exit this menu (returning to the menu SETTINGS );
8. If selecting the command menu EQUIP_SETTINGS, move the cursor to the setting
item to be modified, and then press the ENT;
Press the or to modify the value (if the modified value is of multi-bit, press the or
to move the cursor to the digit bit, and then press the or to modify the value), press the
ESC to cancel the modification and return to the displayed interface of the command menu
EQUIP_SETTINGS. Press the ENT to automatically exit this menu (returning to the displayed
interface of the command menu EQUIP_SETTINGS).
Move the cursor to continue modifying other setting items. After all setting values are modified,
press the , or ESC, and the LCD will display Save or Not?. Directly press the ESC or
press the or to move the cursor. Select the Cancel, and then press the ENT to
automatically exit this menu (returning to the displayed interface of the command menu
EQUIP_SETTINGS).
Press the or to move the cursor. Select No and press the ENT, all modified setting item
will restore to its original value, exit this menu (returning to the menu SETTINGS).
Press the or to move the cursor to select Yes, and then press the ENT, the LCD will
Password:
Note!
For different setting items, their displayed interfaces are different but their modification
methods are the same. The following is ditto.
10. If selecting the command menu EQUIP_SETTINGS, move the cursor to the default
item to be modified, press the ENT
Note!
After modifying the parameter settings of the device, the HEALTHY indicator lamp of the
protection device will go out, and the protection device will automatically restart and
re-check the protection setting. If the check does not pass, the protection device will be
blocked.
11. If selecting the command menu PROT_SETTING, the LCD will display the following
interface:
5. PROT_SETTINGS
Active Group: 01
Selected Group: 02
Press the or to modify the value, and then press the ENT to enter it. Move the cursor to
the setting item to be modified, press the ENT to enter.
Note!
After modifying the equipment parameter of the device, the HEALTHY indicator lamp of
the protection device will go out, and the protection device will automatically restart and
re-check the protection setting. If the check does not pass, the protection device will be
blocked.
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the SETTINGS menu, and then press the
ENT or to enter the menu;
Press the or to modify the value. Press the ESC, and return to the menu SETTINGS.
Press the ENT, the LCD will display the interface for password input, if the password is incorrect,
continue inputting it, press the ESC to exit the password input interface and return to the menu
SETTINGS. If the password is correct, the LCD will display Copy Settings Success!, and exit
this menu (returning to the menu SETTINGS).
Press the or to modify the value, and then press the ESC to exit this menu (returning to
the main menu). After pressing the ENT, the LCD will display the password input interface. If the
password is incorrect, continue inputting it, and then press the ESC to exit the password input
interface and return to its original state. If the password is correct, the HEALTHY indicator lamp
of the protection device will go out, and the protection device will re-check the protection setting. If
the check does not pass, the protection device will be blocked. If the check is successful, the LCD
will return to its original state.
2. Press the , , , and ENT; Press the ESC to exit this menu (returning to
the original state). Press the ENT to carry out the deletion.
Note!
The operation of deleting device message will delete all messages saved by the protection
device, including fault report, self-supervision report and binary input change report.
Furthermore, the message is irrecoverable after deletion, so the application of the function
shall be cautious.
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the CLOCK menu, and then press the
ENT to enter clock display
4. Press the + or - to modify value, and then press the ENT to save the modification
and return to the main menu;
5. Press the ESC to cancel the modification and return to the main menu.
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the VERSION menu, and then press the
ENT to display the software version;
2. Press the or to move the cursor to the TEST_MODE menu, and then press the
ENT or to enter the menu;
3. Press the or to move the cursor to the command menu COMM_TEST, and
then press the ENT to enter the menu, at this moment, the LCD will display Entering
Communication Test;
4. Press the or to move the cursor to select the corresponding command menu All
Test, Trip Test, Alarm Test and BI Test.
Note!
If no input operation is carried out within 60s, exit the communication test and return to the
TEST_MODE menu, at this moment, the LCD will display Communication Test Timeout
and Exiting.
5. If selecting the All Test, press the ENT, and the device will successively carry out the
Trip Test, Alarm Test and BI Test.
6. If selecting the Trip Test, Alarm Test or BI Test, press the ENT.
7. Press the + or - to page up/down, and then press the or to move the scroll bar.
(taking the Trip Test as an example):
Move the cursor to select the corresponding protection elements. Press the ENT to execute the
communication test one by one, the SAS will receive the corresponding fault report, and view the
fault report produced by communication test in the command menu ITEM_TRP_REPORT.
Note!
If no input operation is carried out within 60s, exit the communication transmission and
return to the TEST_MODE menu, at this moment, the LCD will display Communication
Test Timeout and Exiting.
If selecting the Alarm Test or BI Test, not only the SAS can receive the corresponding
self-check report or binary signals, but also the self-check report or binary signals
produced by communication test can be respectively viewed by the two command menus
of ALM_REPORT and BI_CHG_REPORT in the menu REPORT.
8. Press the ESC to exit this menu (returning to the menu TEST_MODE, at this moment,
the LCD will display Communication Test Exiting.
Note!
The LCD interface provided in this chapter is a mere reference and available for explaining
specific definition of LCD. The displayed interface of the actual protection device may be
different from it, so you shall be subject to the actual protection device.
Chapter 10 Communications
This section outlines the remote communications interfaces of NR Relays. The protective device
supports a choice of three protocols via the rear communication interface (RS-485 or Ethernet),
selected via the model number by setting. The protocol provided by the protective device is
indicated in the submenu EQUIP_SETTINGS.
The rear EIA RS-485 interface is isolated and is suitable for permanent connection of whichever
protocol is selected. The advantage of this type of connection is that up to 32 protective devices
can be daisy chained together using a simple twisted pair electrical connection.
It should be noted that the descriptions contained within this section do not aim to fully detail the
protocol itself. The relevant documentation for the protocol should be referred to for this
information. This section serves to describe the specific implementation of the protocol in the relay.
The EIA RS-485 two-wire connection provides a half-duplex fully isolated serial connection to the
product. The connection is polarized and whilst the products connection diagrams indicate the
polarization of the connection terminals it should be borne in mind that there is no agreed
definition of which terminal is which. If the master is unable to communicate with the product, and
the communication parameters match, then it is possible that the two-wire connection is reversed.
The EIA RS-485 bus must have 120 (Ohm) Watt terminating resistors fitted at either end
across the signal wires (refer to Figure 10.2-1). Some devices may be able to provide the bus
terminating resistors by different connection or configuration arrangements, in which case
separate external components will not be required. However, this product does not provide such a
facility, so if it is located at the bus terminus then an external termination resistor will be required.
The EIA RS-485 standard requires that each device is directly connected to the physical cable that
is the communications bus. Stubs and tees are expressly forbidden, such as star topologies. Loop
bus topologies are not part of the EIA RS-485 standard and are forbidden by it also.
Two-core screened cable is recommended. The specification of the cable will be dependent on the
application, although a multi-strand 0.5mm2 per core is normally adequate. Total cable length must
not exceed 500m. The screen must be continuous and connected to ground at one end, normally
at the master connection point; it is important to avoid circulating currents, especially when the
cable runs between buildings, for both safety and noise reasons.
This product does not provide a signal ground connection. If a signal ground connection is present
in the bus cable then it must be ignored, although it must have continuity for the benefit of other
devices connected to the bus. At no stage must the signal ground be connected to the cables
screen or to the products chassis. This is for both safety and noise reasons.
10.2.1.4 Biasing
It may also be necessary to bias the signal wires to prevent jabber. Jabber occurs when the signal
level has an indeterminate state because the bus is not being actively driven. This can occur when
all the slaves are in receive mode and the master is slow to turn from receive mode to transmit
mode. This may be because the master purposefully waits in receive mode, or even in a high
impedance state, until it has something to transmit. Jabber causes the receiving device(s) to miss
the first bits of the first character in the packet, which results in the slave rejecting the message
and consequentially not responding. Symptoms of these are poor response times (due to retries),
increasing message error counters, erratic communications, and even a complete failure to
communicate.
Biasing requires that the signal lines be weakly pulled to a defined voltage level of about 1V. There
should only be one bias point on the bus, which is best situated at the master connection point.
The DC source used for the bias must be clean; otherwise noise will be injected. Note that some
devices may (optionally) be able to provide the bus bias, in which case external components will
not be required.
Note!
It is extremely important that the 120 termination resistors are fitted. Failure to do so will
result in an excessive bias voltage that may damage the devices connected to the bus.
As the field voltage is much higher than that required, NARI-RELAYS cannot assume
responsibility for any damage that may occur to a device connected to the network as a
result of incorrect application of this voltage.
Ensure that the field voltage is not being used for other purposes (i.e. powering logic inputs)
as this may cause noise to be passed to the communication network.
It is recommended to use twisted screened eight-core cable as the communication cable. A picture
is shown bellow.
Each equipment is connected with an exchanger via communication cable, and thereby it forms a
star structure network. Dual-network is recommended in order to increase reliability. SCADA is
also connected to the exchanger and will play a role of master station, so the every equipment
which has been connected to the exchanger will play a role of slave unit.
To use the rear port with IEC60870-5-103 communication, the relevant settings to the protective
device must be configured.
The IEC60870-5-103 interface over serial port (RS-485) is a master/slave interface with the
protective device as the slave device. It is properly developed by NARI-RELAYS.
The protective device conforms to compatibility level 2; compatibility level 3 is not supported.
Initialization (reset)
Time synchronization
General interrogation
General commands
Disturbance records
The link layer strictly abides by the rules defined in the IEC60870-5-103.
10.3.2 Initialization
Whenever the protective device has been powered up, or if the communication parameters have
been changed, a reset command is required to initialize the communications. The protective
device will respond to either of the two reset commands (Reset CU or Reset FCB), the difference
is that the Reset CU will clear any unsent messages in the transmit buffer.
The protective device will respond to the reset command with an identification message ASDU 5,
the COT (Cause Of Transmission) of this response will be either Reset CU or Reset FCB
depending on the nature of the reset command.
If the protective device clock is synchronized using the IRIG-B input then it will not be possible to
set the protective device time using the IEC60870-5-103 interface. An attempt to set the time via
the interface will cause the protective device to create an event with the current date and time
taken from the IRIG-B synchronized internal clock.
All spontaneous events can be gained by printing, implementing submenu PROTOCOL in the
menu PRINT.
Refer the IEC60870-5-103 standard can get the enough details about general interrogation.
All general classification service group numbers can be gained by printing, implementing submenu
PROTOCOL in the menu PRINT.
Note!
The disturbance records are stored in uncompressed format and can be extracted using the
standard mechanisms described in IEC60870-5-103.
All channel numbers (ACC) of disturbance data can be gained by printing, implementing submenu
PROTOCOL in the menu PRINT.
The IEC60870-5-103 interface over Ethernet is a master/slave interface with the relay as the slave
device. It is properly developed by NARI-RELAYS too. All the service of this relay is based on
generic functions of the IEC60870-5-103. The following table lists all the group number of this relay.
And this relay will send all the relevant information about group caption to the SAS or RTU after
establishing a successful communication link.
10.5.1 Overview
The IEC 61850 standard is the result of years of work by electric utilities and vendors of electronic
equipment to produce standardized communications systems. IEC 61850 is a series of standards
describing client/server and peer-to-peer communications, substation design and configuration,
testing, environmental and project standards. The complete set includes:
IEC 61850-5: Communications and requirements for functions and device models
IEC 61850-7-1: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment
Principles and models
IEC 61850-7-2: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Abstract
communication service interface (ACSI)
IEC 61850-7-3: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment
Common data classes
IEC 61850-7-4: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment
Compatible logical node classes and data classes
IEC 61850-8-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) Mappings to MMS (ISO
9506-1 and ISO 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3
IEC 61850-9-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) Sampled values over
serial unidirectional multidrop point to point link
IEC 61850-9-2: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) Sampled values over
ISO/IEC 8802-3
These documents can be obtained from the IEC (http://www.iec.ch). It is strongly recommended
that all those involved with any IEC 61850 implementation obtain this document set.
1. MMS protocol
IEC 61850 specifies the use of the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) at the upper
(application) layer for transfer of real-time data. This protocol has been in existence for a number
of years and provides a set of services suitable for the transfer of data within a substation LAN
environment. Actual IEC 61850-7-2 abstract services and objects are mapped to MMS protocol
services in IEC61850-8-1.
2. Client/server
This is a connection-oriented type of communication. The connection is initiated by the client, and
communication activity is controlled by the client. IEC61850 clients are often substation computers
running HMI programs or SOE logging software. Servers are usually substation equipment such
as protection relays, meters, RTUs, transformer, tap changers, or bay controllers.
3. Peer-to-peer
A substation configuration language is a number of files used to describe IED and communication
system realized according to IEC 61850-5 and IEC 61850-7. Each configured device has an IEC
Capability Description (ICD) file and a Configured IED Description (CID) file. The substation single
line information is stored in a System Specification Description (SSD) file. The entire substation
configuration is stored in a Substation Configuration Description (SCD) file. The SCD file is the
combination of the individual ICD files and the SSD file, moreover, add communication system
parameters (MMS, GOOSE, control block, SV control block) and the connection relationship of
GOOSE and SV to SCD file.
Each IED represents one IEC61850 physical device. The physical device contains one or more
logical device(s), and the logical device contains many logical nodes. The logical node LPHD
contains information about the IED physical device. The logical node LLN0 contains information
about the IED logical device.
The GGIO logical node is available in the PCS-900 series relays to provide access to digital status
points (including general I/O inputs and warnings) and associated timestamps and quality flags.
The data content must be configured before the data can be used. GGIO provides digital status
points for access by clients. It is intended that clients use GGIO in order to access digital status
values from the PCS-900 series relays. Clients can utilize the IEC61850 buffered reporting
features available from GGIO in order to build sequence of events (SOE) logs and HMI display
screens. Buffered reporting should generally be used for SOE logs since the buffering capability
reduces the chances of missing data state changes. All needed status data objects are transmitted
to HMI clients via buffered reporting, and the corresponding buffered reporting control block
(BRCB) is defined in LLN0.
Most of analog measured values are available through the MMXU logical nodes, and metering
values in MMTR, the else in MMXN, MSQI and so on. Each MMXU logical node provides data
from a IED current/voltage source. There is one MMXU available for each configurable source.
MMXU1 provides data from CT/VT source 1(usually for protection purpose), and MMXU2 provides
data from CT/VT source 2 (usually for monitor and display purpose). All these analog data objects
are transmitted to HMI clients via unbuffered reporting periodically, and the corresponding
unbuffered reporting control block (URCB) is defined in LLN0. MMXUx logical nodes provide the
following data for each source:
MMXU.MX.Hz: frequency
The following list describes the protection elements for all PCS-900 series relays. The specified
relay will contain a subset of protection elements from this list.
PTUC: undercurrent
PTOC: phase overcurrent, zero sequence overcurrent and overcurrent when CTS
PTUV: undervoltage
PTUF: underfrequency
RSYN: Synchronism-check
The protection elements listed above contain start (pickup) and operate flags, instead of any
element has its own start (pickup) flag separately, all the elements share a common start (pickup)
flags PTRC.ST.Str.general. The operate flag for PTOC1 is PTOC1.ST.Op.general. For the
PCS-900 series relay protection elements, these flags take their values from related module for
the corresponding element. Similar to digital status values, the protection trip information is
reported via BRCB, and it also locates in LLN0.
Logical node LLN0 is essential for an IEC61850 based IED. This LN shall be used to address
common issues for Logical Devices. Most of the public services, the common settings, control
values and some device oriented data objects are available here. The public services may be
BRCB, URCB and GSE control blocks and similar global defines for the whole device; the
common settings include all the setting items of communication settings. System settings and
some of the protection setting items, which can be configured to two or more protection elements
(logical nodes). In LLN0, the item Loc is a device control object, this Do item indicates the local
operation for complete logical device, when it is true, all the remote control commands to the IED
will be blocked and those commands make effective until the item Loc is changed to false. In
PCS-900 series relays, besides the logical nodes we describe above, there are some other logical
nodes below in the IEDs:
LPHD: Physical device information, the logical node to model common issues for physical
device.
PTRC: Protection trip conditioning, it shall be used to connect the operate outputs of one or
more protection functions to a common trip to be transmitted to XCBR. In addition or
alternatively, any combination of operate outputs of protection functions may be combined to
a new operate of PTRC.
RDRE: Disturbance recorder function. It triggers the fault wave recorder and its output refers
to the IEEE Standard Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) for Power System
(IEC 60255-24). All enabled channels are included in the recording, independently of the
trigger mode.
IEC61850 buffered and unbuffered reporting control blocks locate in LLN0, they can be configured
to transmit information of protection trip information (in the Protection logical nodes), binary status
values (in GGIO) and analog measured/calculated values (in MMXU, MMTR and MSQI). The
reporting control blocks can be configured in CID files, and then be sent to the IED via an
IEC61850 client. The following items can be configured.
Bit 1: Data-change
Bit 4: Integrity
Bit 1: Sequence-number
Bit 2: Report-time-stamp
Bit 3: Reason-for-inclusion
Bit 4: Data-set-name
Bit 5: Data-reference
Bit 8: Conf-revision
Bit 9: Segmentation
MMS file services are supported to allow transfer of oscillography, event record or other files from
a PCS-900 series relay.
10.5.4.3 Timestamps
The timestamp values associated with all IEC61850 data items represent the time of the last
change of either the value or quality flags of the data item.
IEC61850 specifies that each logical node can have a name with a total length of 11 characters.
The name is composed of:
Complete names are of the form xxxxxxPTOC1, where the xxxxxx character string is configurable.
Details regarding the logical node naming rules are given in IEC61850 parts 6 and 7-2. It is
recommended that a consistent naming convention be used for an entire substation project.
IEC61850 specifies the type of peer-to-peer data transfer services: Generic Object Oriented
Substation Events (GOOSE). IEC61850 GOOSE services provide virtual LAN (VLAN) support,
Ethernet priority tagging, and Ether-type Application ID configuration. The support for VLANs and
priority tagging allows for the optimization of Ethernet network traffic. GOOSE messages can be
given a higher priority than standard Ethernet traffic, and they can be separated onto specific
VLANs. Devices that transmit GOOSE messages also Devices that transmit GOOSE messages
also function as servers. Each GOOSE publisher contains a GOOSE control block to configure
and control the transmission.
The transmission is also controlled via device setting GOOSE Group ID in the setting submenu
EQUIP SETUP. The GOOSE Group ID setting item defines a definite IED group in which the
IED can communicate with each other via GOOSE protocol, and if GOOSE Group ID is configured
to 0, GOOSE service is blocked in this IED. IEC61850 recommends a default priority value of 4
for GOOSE. Ethernet traffic that does not contain a priority tag has a default priority of 1. More
details are specified in IEC61850 part 8-1. IEC61850 recommends that the Ether-type Application
ID number be configured according to the GOOSE source.
The PCS-931 series relays support IEC61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE)
communication. All GOOSE messages contain IEC61850 data collected into a dataset. It is this
dataset that is transferred using GOOSE message services. The GOOSE related dataset is
configured in the CID file and it is recommended that the fixed GOOSE be used for
implementations that require GOOSE data transfer between PCS-900 series relays.
IEC61850 GOOSE messaging contains a number of configurable parameters, all of which must be
correct to achieve the successful transfer of data. It is critical that the configured datasets at the
transmission and reception devices are an exact match in terms of data structure, and that the
GOOSE addresses and name strings match exactly.
Where:
C1: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-DEVICE model has been declared
O: Optional
M: Mandatory
Logging
M9 Log control O O N
M9-1 IntgPd N N N
M10 Log O O N
GSE
M12 GOOSE O O Y
M13 GSSE O O N
M14 Multicast SVC O O N
M15 Unicast SVC O O N
M16 Time M M Y
M17 File transfer O O Y
Where:
C2: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-NODE model has been declared
C3: Shall be "M" if support for DATA model has been declared
C4: Shall be "M" if support for DATA-SET, Substitution, Report, Log Control, or Time models has
been declared
C5: Shall be "M" if support for Report, GSE, or SMV models has been declared
M: Mandatory
Data set
S12 GetDataSetValues M Y
S13 SetDataSetValues O Y
S14 CreateDataSet O N
S15 DeleteDataSet O N
S16 GetDataSetDirectory M Y
Substitution
S17 SetDataValues M Y
Setting group control
S18 SelectActiveSG M/O Y
S19 SelectEditSG M/O Y
S20 SetSGValuess M/O Y
S21 ConfirmEditSGValues M/O Y
S22 GetSGValues M/O Y
S23 GetSGCBValues M/O Y
Reporting
Buffered report control block
S24 Report M Y
S24-1 data-change M Y
S24-2 qchg-change M N
S24-3 data-update M N
S25 GetBRCBValues M Y
S26 SetBRCBValues M Y
Unbuffered report control block
S27 Report M Y
S27-1 data-change M Y
S27-2 qchg-change M N
S27-3 data-update M N
S28 GetURCBValues M Y
S29 SetURCBValues M Y
Logging
Log control block
S30 GetLCBValues O N
S31 SetLCBValues O N
Log
S32 QueryLogByTime O N
S33 QueryLogAfter O N
S34 GetLogStatusValues O N
Generic substation event model (GSE)
GOOSE control block
S35 SendGOOSEMessage M Y
S36 GetGoReference O Y
S37 GetGOOSEElementNumber O N
S38 GetGoCBValues M Y
S39 SetGoCBValuess M N
Control
S51 Select O N
S52 SelectWithValue M Y
S53 Cancel M Y
S54 Operate M Y
S55 Command-Termination O Y
S56 TimeActivated-Operate O N
File transfer
S57 GetFile M/O Y
S58 SetFile O N
S59 DeleteFile O N
S60 GetFileAttributeValues M/O Y
Time
SNTP M Y
The PCS-900 series relays support IEC61850 logical nodes as indicated in the following table.
Note that the actual instantiation of each logical node is determined by the product order code.
The GOOSE service supports the exchange of public data comprised of data sets, it is used to
protect the data transmission which requires high real-time like tripping, breaker position and
interlocked information. The information exchange of GOOSE service is based on the
publish/subscribe mechanism, and any IED device in the same GOOSE network can be
conducted as subscription terminal to receive data and as publication terminal to provide
data to other IED device as well, so that the increasing or modification of communication data
between IED devices can be realized in a much easier way.
In order to ensure the real-time property and reliability of GOOSE service, GOOSE message
adopts ASN.1 code which relates to basic encoding rule (BER) and transmit data directly in
Ethernet link layer without passing through TCP/IP protocol and also adopts special
receiving/sending mechanism.
Sending of the GOOSE message adopts heartbeat message and position-altering message fast
resending combination mechanism. If the data in GOOSE data sets is not changed, the heartbeat
message whose interval is T0 will be sent, the status number (stnum) in message will not be
changed and the sequence number (sqnum) will be increased progressively. If the data in GOOSE
data set is changed, after sending a frame of position-altering message, the position-altering
message will be fast resent in the interval of T0, T1, T2, and T3. The status number (stnum) in the
message whose data is position-altered will be increased, and the sequence number (sqnum) will
be started from zero.
The GOOSE receiving can detect link interrupt according to the TATL (Time Allow to Live) in the
GOOSE message. The GOOSE data receiving mechanism can be divided into single frame
receiving and dual-frames receiving. The intelligent operation box uses dual-frames receiving
mechanism and update data after receiving two frames of messages with the same GOOSE data.
Other protection and monitoring devices use single frame receiving mechanism and update data
immediately after receiving position-altering message (stnum changed). If the status number
(stnum) in the received message is not changed, dual-frames message confirmation will be used
to update data.
2. GOOSE Alarm
GOOSE will alarm the abnormal conditions produced during receiving/sending process, the
GOOSE alarms mainly include: GOOSE network A/B network link breaking alarm, GOOSE
configuration inconformity alarm and GOOSE network A/B network-storm alarm.
The GOOSE network A/B link breaking alarm is: this alarm will be produced when correct GOOSE
message is not received in 2 times of the TATL (Time Allow to Live).
The GOOSE configuration inconformity alarm is: the attribute of GOOSE control block of GOOSE
publisher and subscriber like configuration version number must be identical. Otherwise this
GOOSE configuration inconformity alarm will be produced.
The GOOSE network A/B network-storm alarm is: when network-storm is produced in GOOSE
network, if data flow of network port is beyond normal range and abnormal message is produced,
this GOOSE network A/B network-storm alarm will be produced.
3. GOOSE Service
When service status of the device is set to 1, the GOOSE message sent by the device has a Test
Flag and receiving terminal can obtain service status of sending terminal by the test flag of
message. When the service status of sending terminal conforms to that of receiving terminal, the
device will carry out normal processing to the received GOOSE data. When the service status of
sending terminal doesnt conform to that of receiving terminal, the device will process the received
GOOSE data accordingly to ensure that the serviced device will not influence the normal running
of device, improving the flexibility and reliability of GOOSE service.
11.1 Introduction
The chapter contains instructions on how to install and commission the protective device. It can
also be used as a reference if a periodic test is performed. The chapter covers procedures for
mechanical and electrical installation, energizing and checking of external circuitry, setting and
configuration as well as verifying settings and performing a directionality test.
1. The Safety information presents warning and note signs, which the user should draw
attention to.
2. The Overview gives an overview over the major task when installing and commissioning the
protection equipment.
3. The Unpacking and checking the protective device contains instructions on how to
receive the protection equipment.
4. The Installing the protective device contains instructions on how to install the protection
equipment.
5. The Checking the external circuit contains instructions on how to check that the protection
equipment is properly connected to the protection system.
6. The Energizing the protective device contains instructions on how to start-up the
protection equipment.
7. The Setting the protective device contains instructions on how to download settings and
configuration to the protection equipment.
9. The Verifying settings by secondary injection contains instructions on how to verify that
each included function operates correctly according to the set value.
The chapter is addressing the installation, commissioning and maintenance personnel responsible
for taking the protection into normal service and out of service. The installation personnel must
have a basic knowledge in handling electronic equipment. The commissioning and maintenance
personnel must be well experienced in using protection equipment, test equipment, protection
functions and the configured functional logics in the protection.
This section contains safety information. Warning signs are presented which attend the user to be
careful during certain operations in order to avoid human injuries or damage to equipment.
Warning signs
Warning!
Strictly follow the company and country safety regulations. Working in a high voltage
environment requires serious approach to avoid human injuries and damage to
equipment.
Do not touch circuitry during operation. Potentially lethal voltages and currents are
present.
Always avoid touching the circuitry when the cover is removed. The product contains
electronic circuitries which can be damaged if exposed to static electricity (ESD). The
electronic circuitries also contain high voltage which is lethal to humans.
Always use suitable isolated test pins when measuring signals in open circuitry.
Potentially lethal voltages and currents are present.
Never unmount the front or back cover from a powered equipment or from a protection
equipment connected to powered circuitry. Potentially lethal voltages and currents are
present.
Caution signs
Caution!
Always transport modules using certified conductive bags. Always handle modules using
a conductive wrist strap connected to protective ground and on a suitable antistatic
surface. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) may cause damage to the module.
Do not connect live wires to the protection equipment. Internal circuitry may be damaged.
Always use a conductive wrist strap connected to protective ground when replacing
modules. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) may damage the module and protection
equipment circuitry.
Take care to avoid electrical shock if accessing wiring and connection protection
equipment when installing and commissioning.
Note signs
Note!
Changing the active setting group will inevitably change the protection equipments
operation. Be careful and check regulations before making the change.
The protection assembly is designed for a maximum continuous current of four times
rated value.
Activating the other setting group without proper configuration may seriously affect the
protection equipments operation.
11.3 Overview
The settings for each function must be calculated before the commissioning task can start. A
configuration, made in the configuration and programming tool, must also be available if the
protection equipment does not have a factory configuration downloaded.
The protection equipment is unpacked and visually checked. It is preferably mounted in a cubicle.
The connection to the protection system has to be checked in order to verify that the installation
was successful.
The installation and commissioning task starts with configuring the digital communication modules,
if included. The protection equipment can then be configured and set, which means that settings
and a configuration has to be applied if the protection equipment does not have a factory
configuration downloaded. Then the operation of each included function according to applied
settings has to be verified by secondary injection. A complete check of the configuration can then
be made. A conformity test of the secondary system has also to be done. When the primary
system has been energized a directionality check should be made.
Procedure as below:
1) Carefully examine the protection panel, protection equipment inside and other parts inside to
see that no physical damage has occurred since installation.
3) The rating information of other auxiliary protections should be checked to ensure it is correct
for the particular installation.
Panel wiring
Check the conducting wire used in the panel to assure that their cross section meet the
requirement. Carefully examine the wiring to see that they are no connection failure exists.
Label
Check all the isolator links, terminal blocks, ferrules, indicators, switches and push buttons to
make sure that their labels meet the requirements of this project.
Check each plug-in module of the equipments on the panel to make sure that they are well
installed into the equipment without any screw loosened.
Earthing cable
Check whether the earthing cable from the panel terminal block is safely screwed to the panel
steel sheet.
Check whether all the switches, equipment keypad, isolator links and push buttons work normally
and smoothly.
3. Check that all items are included in accordance with the delivery documents
The user is requested to check that all software functions are included according to the delivery
documents after the terminal has been energized.
These product checks cover all aspects of the protection, which should be checked to ensure that
the protection not only has not been physically damaged prior to commissioning but also functions
correctly and all input quantity measurements are within the stated tolerances.
11.5.1 Overview
The mechanical and electrical environmental conditions at the installation site must be within
permissible range according to the technical data of the protection equipment. Dusty, damp places,
places liable to rapid temperature variations, powerful vibrations and shocks, surge voltages of
high amplitude and fast rise time, strong induced magnetic fields or similar extreme conditions
should be avoided. Please refer to Chapter 1 for details.
Sufficient space must be available in front of and at rear of the protection panel to allow access for
maintenance and future modifications. Flush mounted protection equipment should be mounted
so that equipment modules can be added and replaced without excessive demounting.
11.5.2 Dimensions
The equipment adopts IEC standard chassis and is rack with modular structure. It uses an integral
faceplate and plug terminal block on backboard for external connections. PCS-931 series is IEC
4U high and 19 wide. Figure 11.5-1 shows its dimensions and Figure 11.5-2 shows the panel
cut-out.
101.6
177.0
465.0
4-6.8
450.0
All these influences can influence the operation of electronic apparatus. On the other hand,
electronic apparatus can transmit interference that can disrupt the operation of other apparatus.
In order to minimize these influences as far as possible, certain standards have to be observed
with respect to grounding, wiring and screening.
Note!
All these precautions can only be effective if the station ground is of good quality.
Metal accessories such as side plates, blanking plates etc., must be effectively connected
surface-to-surface to the grounded frame to ensure a low-impedance path to ground for RF
interference. The contact surfaces must not only conduct well, they must also be non-corroding.
Note!
If the above conditions are not fulfilled, there is a possibility of the cubicle or parts of it
forming a resonant circuit at certain frequencies that would amplify the transmission of
interference by the devices installed and also reduce their immunity to induced
interference.
Movable parts of the cubicle such as doors (front and back) or hinged equipment frames must be
effectively grounded to the frame by three braided copper strips (refer to Figure 11.5-3).
The metal parts of the cubicle housing and the ground rail are interconnected electrically
conducting and corrosion proof. The contact surfaces shall be as large as possible.
Note!
For metallic connections please observe the voltage difference of both materials according
to the electrochemical code.
The cubicle ground rail must be effectively connected to the station ground rail by a grounding strip
(braided copper).
There are some ground terminals on some connectors of the relays, and the sign is GND. All the
ground terminals are connected in the cabinet of this relay. So, the ground terminal on the rear
panel (refer to Figure 11.5-4) is the only ground terminal of this device.
The grounding strips must therefore be of (preferably tinned) braided copper and not round copper
conductors, as the cross-section of round copper would have to be too large.
Data of braided copper strip: threaded M4, 4.0mm2. Proper terminations must be fitted to both
ends (press/pinch fit and tinned) with a hole for bolting them firmly to the items to be connected.
The surfaces to which the grounding strips are bolted must be electrically conducting and
non-corroding.
When using screened cabling always use 360 full screen cable bushing to ensure screen
coupling. Ensure that all signals of the single circuit are in the same single cable. Avoid mixing
current and voltage measuring signals in the same cable. Also use separate cables for control and
measuring circuits.
Heavy-duty terminal block, M4 threaded terminal ends. VT circuit must be connected with the
protective device through an MCB.
Auxiliary power cords cross can be directly screwed fixed on the rear panel of DC board. Refer to
section 6.3.12.
Welding terminals. Those devices are supplied with sufficient M4 screws for making connections
to the rear mounted terminal blocks using ring terminals, with a recommended maximum of two
ring terminals per relay terminal.
To meet the insulation requirements of the terminal block, for the sake of safety, an insulating
sleeve should be fitted over the ring terminal after crimping.
The wire used for all connections to the welding terminal blocks and heavy duty terminal blocks,
except the EIA RS-485 port, should have a minimum voltage rating of 300Vrms.
It is recommended that the auxiliary power circuit wiring should be protected by using a 16A high
rupture capacity (HRC) fuse of type NIT or TIA. For safety reasons, current transformer circuits
must never be open.
Connect the unit to the grounding bar of the cubicle with green/yellow conductor; connected to the
protective Earthing terminal at the back of the DC board. Refer to section 6.3.12. Attend that the
earth wire must be as short as possible. All cautions have to be taken to ensure the best electrical
conductivity, particularly the contact quality, stainless conductor. The impedance between the relay
Earthing terminal and the Earth must be less than 20m under 12Volt, 50Hz. What matters is that
the device has to be only grounded at one point. Loop grounding from unit to unit is not allowed.
Connectors are generally color coded; connect blue or dark grey cable connectors to blue or dark
grey (receive) back-side connectors. Connect black or grey cable connectors to black or grey
(transmit) back-side connectors.
Fiber optical cables are sensitive to handling. Do not bend too sharply. The minimum curvature
radius is 15 cm for plastic fibers and 25 cm for glass fibers. If cable straps are used, apply with
loose fit.
Note!
Always hold the connector, never the cable, when connecting or disconnecting optical
fibres. Do not twist, pull or bend the fibre. Invisible damage may increase fibre damping
thus making communication impossible.
When using galvanic connection between protective relay and communication equipment or
point-to-point galvanic connection between two protective relays it is essential that the cable
installation is carefully done. This is true regardless of type of module used, only the possible
length of the cable differs. The factors that must be taken into account is the susceptibility for noise
disturbance, due to that the levels of the communication signal are very low. For a best result, a
cable with twisted pairs with screen should be used.
The user must check the installation, which includes verifying that the relay is connected to the
other parts of the protection system. This is done with the relay and all connected circuits
de-energized.
Check that the wiring is in strict accordance with the supplied wiring diagram.
1) Polarity check
3) Grounding check
The polarity check verifies the integrity of the circuits and the phase relationship. The check should
be performed as close as possible to the relay. The primary injection test verifies the CT ration and
the wiring all the way through from the primary system to the relay. Injection must be performed for
each phase-to-neutral circuit and each phase-to-phase pair. In each case currents in all phases
and the neutral line are measured.
Check that the value of the auxiliary supply voltage remains with the permissible range under all
operating conditions. Check that the polarity is correct according to the instruction manual on the
rear plate of DC board.
Preferably, disconnect the binary input connector form the binary input cards. Check all connected
signals so that both input level and polarity are in accordance with the relays specifications.
Note!
The binary inputs may be energized from an external dc auxiliary supply (e.g. the station
battery) in some installations. Check that this is not the case before connecting the field
voltage otherwise damage to the protection may result. The status of each binary input can
be viewed using either tool software installed in a portable PC or by checking the front
man-machine interface LCD. When each binary input is energized the display will change
to indicate the new state of the inputs.
Preferably, disconnect the binary output connector form the binary output cards. Check all
connected signals so that both load and polarity are in accordance with the relays specifications.
Before the procedures in this section can be carried out the connection to external circuitry must
have been checked which ensures that the installation was made correctly.
The user must energize the power supply to the relay to start it up. This could be done in a
numerous of ways, from energizing a whole cubicle to energizing a single relay. The user should
reconfigure the relay settings. The relay time must be set. The self-supervision function should
also be checked to verify that the relay unit operates properly. The user could also check the
software version, the relays serial number, the installed modules, and their ordering number to
ensure that the relay is according to delivery and ordering specifications.
The liquid crystal display (LCD) is designed to operate in a wide range of substation ambient
temperatures. For this purpose, this relay has an automatic LCD contrast adjusting feature,
which is capable to adjust LCD contrast automatically according to the ambient temperature.
Connect the relay to DC power supply correctly and turn the relay on. Check program version and
forming time displayed in command menu to ensure that are corresponding to what ordered.
If the time and date is not being maintained by substation automation system, the date and time
should be set manually.
Set the date and time to the correct local time and date using menu item CLOCK.
In the event of the auxiliary supply failing, with a battery fitted on CPU board, the time and date will
be maintained. Therefore when the auxiliary supply is restored the time and date will be correct
and not need to set again.
To test this, remove the auxiliary supply from the relay for approximately 30s. After being
re-energized, the time and date should be correct.
On power up, the green LED HEALTHY should have illuminated and stayed on indicating that
the protective device is healthy.
The relay has latched signal relays which remember the state of the trip, auto-reclosing when the
relay was last energized from an auxiliary supply. Therefore these indicators may also illuminate
when the auxiliary supply is applied. If any of these LEDs are on then they should be reset before
proceeding with further testing. If the LED successfully reset, the LED goes out. There is no testing
required for that that LED because it is known to be operational.
It is likely that alarms related to voltage transformer supervision will not reset at this stage.
The customer specific values for each setting parameter have to be available. Each function
included in the relay has several setting parameters which has to be set in order to make the relay
behave as intended. A default value is provided for each parameter from factory.
1. Download from a PC or laptop with tool software or remotely by SCADA. Front port
communication has to be established before the settings can be downloaded.
To change settings through the local HMI need a password which is +, , and - keyboard
on the front panel.
Unless previously agreed to the contrary, the customer will be responsible for determining the
application-specific settings to be applied to the protection and for testing of any scheme logic
applied by external wiring and/or configuration of the protections internal programmable scheme
logic.
This test should only be performed where the protection is to be accessed from a remote location
and will vary depending on the communications standard being adopted.
It is not the intention of the test to verify the operation of the complete system from the relay to the
remote location, just the protections rear communications port and any protocol converter
necessary.
Multifunctional dynamic current and voltage injection test set with interval timer.
Multimeter with suitable AC current range and AC/DC voltage ranges of 0-440V and 0-250V
respectively.
Note!
Modern test set may contain many of the above features in one unit.
Optional equipment:
An electronic or brushless insulation tester with a DC output not exceeding 500 V (for
insulation resistance test when required).
A portable PC, with appropriate software (this enables the rear communications port to be
tested, if this is to be used, and will also save considerable time during commissioning).
EIA RS-485 to EIA RS-232 converter (if EIA RS-485 IEC60870-5-103 port is being tested).
At the same time, the calculated settings, substation configuration diagram, the protective device
diagram and the instruction manual is essential to test the protective device.
The relay has to be set before the testing can start. Only the functions that are used should be
tested.
All used setting groups should be tested. The user can release the functions to be tested and
prevent other functions from operation by setting the corresponding parameters. The user could
also energize the binary input [BI_BlkComm] to disable communication function to ensure that no
events are reported to remote station during the test.
The setting checks ensure that all of the application-specific protection settings (i.e. both the
protections function and programmable scheme logic settings), for the particular installation, have
been correctly applied to the protection.
Isolate all wiring from the earth and test the isolation with an electronic or brushless insulation
tester at a DC voltage not exceeding 500V, The circuits need to be tested should include:
DC power supply
Output contacts
Communication ports
Test method:
To unplug all the terminals sockets of this protective device, and do the Insulation resistance test
for each circuit above with an electronic or brushless insulation tester.
On completion of the insulation resistance tests, ensure all external wiring is correctly reconnected
to the protection
This test verifies that the accuracy of current measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Checking its magnitude using a multimeter. The corresponding reading can then be checked
either in the protections submenu CPU_METERING column or a portable computer connected
to the front communication port with tool software.
The measurement accuracy of the protection is 5%. However, an additional allowance must be
This test verifies that the accuracy of voltage measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Checking its magnitude using a multimeter. The corresponding reading either in the protections
submenu CPU_METERING or a portable computer connected to the front communication port
with tool software.
The measurement accuracy of the protection is 5%. However, an additional allowance must be
made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
3. Self-check and the transition of binary input in the process of devices start
1. Confirm the external wiring to the current and voltage inputs is correct.
However, these checks can only be carried out if there are no restrictions preventing the
tenderization of the plant being protected.
Remove all test leads, temporary shorting leads, etc. and replace any external wiring that has
been removed to allow testing.
If it has been necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to
perform any of the foregoing tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in
accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme diagram. Confirm current and voltage
transformer wiring.
After the above tests are completed, remove all test or temporary shorting leads, etc. If it has been
necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to perform the
wiring verification tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in accordance with
the relevant external connection or scheme diagram.
If the protection is in a new installation or the circuit breaker has just been maintained, the circuit
breaker maintenance and current counters should be zero. If a test block is installed, remove the
test plug and replace the cover so that the protection is put into service.
Ensure that all event records, fault records, disturbance records and alarms have been cleared
and LEDs has been reset before leaving the protection.
Chapter 12 Maintenance
NARI-RELAYS numerical relay PCS-931 is designed to require no special maintenance. All
measurement and signal processing circuit are fully solid state. All input modules are also fully
solid state. The output relays are hermetically sealed.
Since the device is almost completely self-monitored, from the measuring inputs to the output
relays, hardware and software defects are automatically detected and reported. The
self-monitoring ensures the high availability of the device and generally allows for a corrective
rather than preventive maintenance strategy. Therefore, maintenance checks in short intervals are
not required.
Operation of the device is automatically blocked when a hardware failure is detected. If a problem
is detected in the external measuring circuits, the device normally only provides alarm messages.
1. The relay case should be clean without any dust stratification. Case cover should be sealed
well. No component has any mechanical damage and distortion, and they should be firmly fixed in
the case. Relay terminals should be in good condition. The keys on the front panel with very good
feeling can be operated flexibly.
2. It is only allowed to plug or withdraw relay board when the supply is reliably switched off.
Never allow the CT secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be opened while the primary
system is live when withdrawing an AI module. Never try to insert or withdraw the relay board
when it is unnecessary.
3. Check weld spots on PCB whether they are well soldered without any rosin joint. All dual
inline components must be well plugged.
When a failure is detected by supervision, a remote alarm is issued and the failure is indicated on
the front panel with LED indicators and LCD display. It is also recorded in the event record.
Failures detected by supervision are traced by checking the ALM_REPORT screen on the LCD.
If the failure is identified to be in the relay module and the user has spare modules, the user can
recover the protection by replacing the failed modules.
Repair at the site should be limited to module replacement. Maintenance at the component level is
not recommended.
Check that the replacement module has an identical module name (AI, PWR, CPU, SIG, BI, BO,
etc.) and hardware type-form as the removed module. Furthermore, the MON module replaced
should have the same software version. In addition, the AI and PWR module replaced should have
the same ratings.
The module name is indicated on the top front of the module. The software version is indicated in
LCD menu VERSION.
Caution!
When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist band
and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the electronic
components could suffer damage. After replacing the MON module, check the settings.
1) Replacing a module
Short circuit all AC current inputs and disconnect all AC voltage inputs
Warning!
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power
supply. It takes approximately 30 seconds for the voltage to discharge.
Unplug the ribbon cable on the front panel by pushing the catch outside.
After replacing the DSP module, input the application-specific setting values again.
Warning!
Units and modules may only be replaced while the supply is switched off and only by
appropriately trained and qualified personnel. Strictly observe the basic precautions to
guard against electrostatic discharge.
Warning!
When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist band
and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the electronic
components could suffer damage. After replacing the DSP module, check the settings.
Danger!
After replacing modules, be sure to check that the same configuration is set as before the
replacement. If this is not the case, there is a danger of the unintended operation of
switchgear taking place or of protections not functioning correctly. Persons may also be
put in danger.
When the voltage of button Battery on CPU board is below 2.5 volts (nominal voltage is 3 volts),
please replace the button battery to ensure internal clock of CPU board running correctly.
12.5 Cleaning
Before cleaning the relay, ensure that all AC/DC supplies, current transformer connections are
isolated to prevent any chance of an electric shock whilst cleaning. Use a smooth cloth to clean
the front panel. Do not use abrasive material or detergent chemicals.
12.6 Storage
The spare relay or module should be stored in a dry and clean room. Based on IEC standard
60255-6 the storage temperature should be from -25oC to 70oC, but the temperature of from -10oC
to 40oC is recommended for long-term storage.
13.1 Decommissioning
1. Switching off
To switch off the PCS-931, switch off the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply.
2. Disconnecting Cables
Disconnect the cables in accordance with the rules and recommendations made by relational
department.
Danger!
Before disconnecting the power supply cables that connected with the DC module of the
PCS-931, make sure that the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply is
switched off.
Danger!
Before disconnecting the cables that are used to connect analog input module with the
primary CTs and VTs, make sure that the circuit breaker for the primary CTs and VTs is
switched off.
3. Dismantling
The PCS-931 rack may now be removed from the system cubicle, after which the cubicles may
also be removed.
Danger!
When the station is in operation, make sure that there is an adequate safety distance to
live parts, especially as dismantling is often performed by unskilled personnel.
13.2 Disposal
In every country there are companies specialized in the proper disposal of electronic waste.
Note!
Strictly observe all local and national regulations when disposing of the device.
Manual History
Modification Recorder