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0 0

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N! N0 N1 N2
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g iN i
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g iNi
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Y]|Z]eefvdY]MY|ew] .{{Z{Ze

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F F
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f/Z^|Z^Y]Y]YZM],|Z]fZfY] ... x 2 , x1 Z

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g g
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Z/Z/YY]Y~.||Yzf{|Z dx Z]ZeZ dx YcM{

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F g h
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w w w
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N i

|ZM]|{]fZfZeYZu.|ZYN,ZMY Ni n

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:|Yynf]{Y] \YY]
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ln w ( N i N) ( N i i E)
i
0
N i N i N i

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(Ni N) 0

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ln w
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N i

( N i N)

N i

N 0 , N1 , N 2 ,..., N i N

dN i N
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g iNi
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ln W (ln g iNi ln N i !)

:Y{fY\eY{ZfYZ]

ln W (Ni ln gi Ni ln Ni Ni )

.f N i ]d^cZ^Y
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ln W dN i
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N i Ni

.Md|]Y]YY\Y]Y{Z]Y|Y~ZmZ]Ye

ln W g
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gi
ln( ) i 0
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gi
ln( ) i
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N={Y|e

gi
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Ni e .gi .e i

N i e g i .e i

N e g i .e i (A)

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/f/{Zee{{|{d|]YYYe{|mZ

.{Y{Z^fY]|]cY}Yf
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Molecular partition function(q):e]Ze

N e gi .ei gi .ei q

N
N e .q e
q

Ni e gi .e i

Y~Zm (A)]Y{

i
Ni gi .e

N q

N i
Ni .g i .e
q

Z/ZYYe{YZY \u] N i Ye{Z{Y|e

Ni
N
N

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Ni
fraction of molecules
N
eZ{fZ]YZ|q( gi )M{dYZm|qn, (q)e]Ze

.dY

q gi .e i

0 1 2
q g0e g1e g 2e ...
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.d{Y]YeYf]-ZZ{Z

j
N ge N g
j j j j ( ji )
.e
N N g
i ge i i i
i

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N
i

3

j
1

i

g 2g
j i
Nj
?
Ni

( 3 ) ( 3 1 )
N j 2gie 0.135
2e
Ni 1
( )
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Nj ( 3 1 )
2e
2e2 0.135
Ni