Example 12.

1
Design an exchanger to sub-cool condensate from methanol condensor from 95 oC to 40oC.
Flowrate methanol is 100.000 kg/h. Brackish water will be used as the coolant with
temperature rise from 25oC to 40oC.
Gambar skema HE
Jawab :

PROBLEM
IDENTIFICATION

SELECTION OF BASIC THE ELEMENTS WITHIN THIS OUTLINE MAY BE DONE

HEAT EXCHANGER TYPE BY HAND OR BY COMPUTER

SELECTION OF A TENTATIVE SET OF EXCHANGER DESIGN PARAMETER

MODIFICATION OF THE DESIGN PARAMETER

RATING OF THE DESIGN:

THERMAL PERFORMANCE PRESSURE DROP

EVALUATION OF THE DESIGN: Q, P ACCEPTABLE?

UNACCEPTABLE

ACCEPTABLE

MECHANICAL DESIGN COSTING, ETC

Tahap 1 : Spesification and identification problem, energy balance (to calculate
unspesificed flow rate or temperature) and defind duty.
a) Fouling factor based on Table 12.2
- Water = 1000 3000 W/m2 oC
- Methanol = 5000 W/m2 oC
b) Energy Balance

Q in = Q out

(m Cp T) in methanol + (m Cp T) in water = (m Cp T) out methanol + (m Cp T) out
water
(100.000 kg/h x 3108 J/kgoC x (95-25)oC ) + (mwater x 4009 J/KgoC x (25-25)oC) = (100.000
kg/h x 2633 J/kgoC x (40-25)oC ) + (mwater x 4179 J/KgoC x (40-25)oC)
Mwater = 284063,173 kg/h
c) Heat Duty
- Input

( Q methanol+ Q water) input = (mmethanol xCpmethanol x T)(mwater xCpwater x T)
= (100.000 kg/h x 3108 J/kgoC x (95-25)oC) x (284063,173 kg/h x 4009 J/KgoC x (25-
25)oC)
= 2,1756 x 1010 J/h
- Output

( Q methanol+ Q water)out = (mmethanol x Cpmethanol x T) (mwater x Cpwater x T)
= (100.000 kg/h x 2633 J/kgoC x (40-25)oC) + 284063,173 kg/h x 4179 J/KgoC x (40-
25)oC
= 2,1756 x 1010 J/h
d) T mean
t1 + t2 95 + 40
- t mean methanol = 2 = 2 = 67,5oC

t1 + t2 40 + 25
- t mean water = 2 = 2 = 32,5oC

Step 2 : Physical Properties

 Methanol Inlet Outlet Mean
Temperature 95oC 40oC 67,5oC
Spesific Heat 3108 J/kg oC 2633 J/kg oC 2870,5 J/kg oC
Thermal 0,178 W/m K 0,196 W/m K 0,187 W/m K
Conductivity
Density 716 kg/m3 775 kg/m3 745,5 kg/m3
Viscosity 0,0002404 Ns/m2 0,000416 Ns/m2 0,0003282 Ns/m2

Water Inlet Outlet Mean

Temperature 25oC 40oC 32,5oC
Spesific Heat 4009 J/kg oC 4179 J/kg oC 4094 J/kg oC
Thermal 0,6069 W/m oC 0,6305 W/m oC 0,6187 W/m oC
Conductivity
Density 1023 kg/m3 992,3 kg/m3 1007,65 kg/m3
Viscosity 0,00096 Ns/m2 0,000596 Ns/m2 0,000778 Ns/m2

Step 3 : Overall Coefficient

With grafik 12.1, we can found the overall coefficient
U = 560 W/m2 oC
Step 4 : Exchanger type and dimensions
Use : One Shell pass & 2 tube pass
(T1-t2)-(T2-t1)
(T 1t 2)
Tlm = ln
(T 2t 1)

(9540)(4025)
= (9540)
ln
(4025)

= 30,78621 oC
(T 1T 2) (t 2t 1)
R = (t 2t 1) S= (T 1t 1)

(95-40) ( 40 -25)
= (4025) = (9525)

= 3,666667 = 0,214286
Beside on grafik 12.19 where plotting the value of R and S, so we get Ft = 0,889.

Tlm = Tlm x Ft
= 30,78621oC x 0,889
 = 27,36894 oC
Step 5 : Heat Transfer Area
Q in
Ao = Uo ass x Tlm

2,1756 1010 J /h
= 560 W/ m 2 C x 27,36894 o C x 2,778 10-7 kWh/J x 1000 W/kW

= 394,335 m2
Step 6 : Layout and tube size
- Fluida tidak dioperasikan pada tekanan tinggi
- Fluida bersifat basa (brackish)
- Flowrate methanol tinggi
- Fluida di Shell adalah methanol
- Fluida di Tube adalah brackish atau air payau
- OD = 20 mm= 0,02 m
- ID = 17 mm = 0,017 m
- Long Tube =6m
- Triangular pitch
Step 7 : Number of Tube
- Luas Area Tube = x OD x Long Tube
= 3,14 x 0,02 m x 6 m
= 0,3768 m2

- Number of Tube = Ao/A

= 394,335 m2 / 0,3768 m2
= 1046,536624
= 1050 tube
- Sehingga untuk 2 passes, tube per pass = number of tube / 2
= 1050 / 2
= 525
- Tube Cross Sectional Area = /4 x (ID)2
= 3,14/4 x (0,017 m)2
= 2,26865 x 10-4 m2

- Luas Area per pass = tube per pass x tube cross sectional area
= 525 x 2,26865 x 10-4
= 0,1191 m2
- Volumetric Flowrate = Flowrate fluida di tube (water) x 1/mean
= 284063,173 kg/h x 1/1007,65 kg/m3
= 281, 9065876 m3/h
= 0,07830 m3/s

- Tube side Velocity = Vol. Flowrate / luas area per pass

= 281, 9065876 m3/h / 0,1191 m2
= 2366,973867 m/h
= 0,6574925 m/s