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L32103

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RepublicofthePhilippines
SUPREMECOURT
Manila

FIRSTDIVISION

G.R.No.L32103September28,1984

PEOPLEOFTHEPHILIPPINES,plaintiffappellee,
vs.
JOSEBUENSUCESO,RODOLFOAGUILAR,CONRADOIZONandERNESTOJOSON,defendantsappellants.

MELENCIOHERRERA,J.:

ThisisanappealfromtheDecisionofthethenCourtofFirstInstanceofBataan,sittinginBalanga,inCriminal
Case No. 6182, convicting Jose BUENSUCESO, Rodolfo AGUILAR, Conrado IZON and Ernesto JOSON, all
membersofthepoliceforceofDinalupihan,Bataan,ofMurder,andsentencing"saidaccusedeachtosufferthe
penaltyofRECLUSIONPERPETUAtojointlyandseverallyindemnifytheheirsofthedeceasedPariseoTayagin
theamountofP12,000.00andeachtopaytheproportionatecosts."1

TheInformationfiledagainstsaidfouraccusedtogetherwithtwootherpoliceman,EduardoMALLARIandFidel
DELACRUZ,chargedthemwithMurderasfollows:

ThatonApril21,1967atabout5:00o'clockintheafternoonatDinalupihan,Bataan,Philippines,and
withinthejurisdictionofthisHonorableCourt,theabovenamedaccusedbyconspiring,confederating
and helping one another, with intent to kill, treachery and by taking advantage of their official
positions and superior strength, using their service revolvers did then and there willfully, unlawfully
andfeloniouslyshootonePARESEOTAYAGYANGELEShittinghiminthedifferentpartsofhisbody
inflicting upon his person several gunshot wounds which caused his death to the damage and
prejudiceofhisheirs.2

Afterpleasofnotguiltyandafterduetrial,accusedBUENSUCESOSUCESO,AGUILAR,IZONandJOSONwere
foundguiltyofMurderand,asaforestated,weresentencedtosufferreclusionperpetua.

MALLARIandDELACRUZwerebothabsolvedonreasonabledoubt.3

ThreeseparateBriefswerefiled:thefirstwasforIZONandJOSONtheotherwasforBUENSUCESOandthe
thirdonewasforAGUILAR.TheSolicitorGeneralfiledaconsolidatedBrief.

Theprosecutionsynthesizedtheoccurrenceasfollows:

Between5:00and6:00o'clockintheafternoonofApril21,1967,whileprosecutionwitnessApolonio
SalvadorwasinhissmallstorebesidethemarketnearthemunicipalbuildingofDinalupihanBataan,
hesawPatrolmanRodolfoAguilarandPariseoTayagcon.conversingastheywerewalkingsideby
side, each resting his hand on the shoulder of the other, going towards the municipal building (pp.
2224,tsn,July25,1967).Pat.AguilarwastryingtotakethefanknifeofTayag,butcouldnottakeit
becauseTayagpreventedhimfromtakingitbygrippingitwithhisrighthandandswayingitleftand
rightasffplaying(p.24,tsn,Id.).Tayagdidnotwantto,thegiveknifebecausehewasnotmaking
anytrouble(p.25,tsn.,Id.).AtthesuggestionofPat.Aguilar,Tayagreadilyagreedtogototheoffice
ofthechiefofpolice(pp.25,26,tsn,Id.).

Whentheyarrivedinthesaidoffice,thereweretwopersonsthere,namely,EnriqueMalloandPat.
EduardoMallari(p.27,t.s.n.Id.).Pat.Mallariwasthenthemunicipalguardandinuniform(p8,tsn.,
July26,1967).Subsequently,aheatedargumenttookplacebetweenPat.AguilarandTayagarising
from the latter's refusal to give his fan knife to the former (p. 28, tsn July 25, 1967). later on, Pat.
FideldelaCruzappearedatthedoorway(pp.30,32,tsnId.).

Thereafter , when Tayag was about to leave the office, Chief of Police Adriano Canlas arrived and
inquiredwhatthetroublewasanabout(p.31,tsn,Id.).Pat.Aguilaransweredthatthetwoofthem
(AguilarandCanlas)hadbeencursedbyTayag(p.32,tsnId.).Tayagassertedthathedidnotcurse
eitherofthem,butthatAguilarwastoforcehimtogiveuphisknife(p.32,tsn,Id.).ThereafterTayag
hurriedlylefttheoffice.HewasfollowedbyPat.Aguilar,MallarianddelaCruzwhowalkedfast,with
AguilarandMallariholdingguns(p.33,tan,Id.). After having gone out of the building, Pat. Aguilar
firedhisgunupward(p.34,tsn,Id.).
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Hearing the shot, Tayag turned about, then retreated backwards until he reached the fence of the
plaza(Id.).WhenTayagwasnearthewoodenfenceaboutakneehigh,Pat.Aguilaraimedhisgunat
Tayag and fired, hitting him above the right knee (pp. 34, 36, tsn, Id.). Tayag continued to run
towards his house followed by de la Cruz without a gun (p. 36, tsn, Id.). Pat. Mallari went to the
waitingshedtointerceptTayag(Id.).Pat.Mallarihadagunatthattime(p.37,tsn,Id.).Pat.Aguilar
followedMallariintheshedandtheytookoppositesidesoftheroad,thatis,RizalStreet,infrontof
the Catholic Church (Id.). Then there were several successive gun shots, more or less nine in
number(p.39tsn,tsn,Id.).

Afterthecommotion,Tayagwasseenlyingprostratenearthebackofajeepparkedatthecornerof
RizalandSanJuanStreets,about60metersawayfromthemunicipalbuilding(p.38,tsn.Id.).Pat.
delaCruztooktheknifefromTayagandgaveittoPat.JoseBuensuceso(p.39,tsn,Id.),whoatthe
precise moment had his revolver tucked in its holster (p. 42, tsn,Id.). Pat. Conrado Izon and Pat.
Ernesto Jose were also seen in the immediate vicinity of the crane scene by witness Apolonio
Salvador(Id.).Witnessdidnotknow,however,wherePat.IzonandJosoncamefrom(p.45,tsn,Id.).
Bothhadtheirgunsintheirholsters(Id.).

Later,atabout5:50thatafternoonofApril21,1967,Sgt.RomualdoEspirituoftheP.C.stationedat
BalangaBataan,arrivedatthecornerofRizalandSanJuanBautistastreetsinDinalupihan(pp.1,2,
tsn, July 26, 1967). He noticed a commotion in the plaza and as a peace officer he inquired from
peoplearoundwhatwasgoingon(p.2,tsn,July26,1967).Hewastoldthatacertainpersonwas
shot(Id.).HewenttotheplacewherepeoplewereconvergingandfoundPariseoTayagdeadlying
downonapoolofblood,some10to15yardsfromthecornerofRizalandSanJuanBautistaStreets
(Id.).Heorderedthatdeceasedbebroughttothemunicipalhealthcenterwhereacursoryinspection
ofthecadaverwasmadebytheMunicipalHealthOfficer,Dr.Sta.Maria(Id.)andphotographs(Exhs.
"F"and"G",p.6,tan,Id.)takenofthedeceased(p.5,tsn,Id.).

Thereafter, he proceeded to the municipal building and investigated (p. 2, tsn, Id.). Upon learning
that some police officers were involved he investigated the suspects. He first saw Pat. Aguilar who
wasthenrecountingtheincidenttoPat.delaCruz(Id.).Heaskedforhisservicepistolinspectedthe
cylinderandfoundthree(3)emptyshellsandthree(3)liveammunitions(Id.).Hesmelledthebarrel
Ofthegunandfoundoutthatithadbeenfired(Id.).Thenheproceededtotheofficeofthechiefof
police (p. 3, tsn, Id.) Moments later, Pat. Buensuceso arrived (Id.). He asked for Buensuceso's
servicerevolver,inspectedthecylinder,andfoundfour(4)emptyshellsandtwo(2)liveammunitions
(Id.). He smelled the barrel of the gun and found that it also had been fired. He also asked for the
service revolver of Pat. de la Cruz but the latter manifested that he had no firearm at the time but
pointed to Pat. Mallari from whom he (Pat. de la Cruz) got a pistol while they were on the ground
doorofthemunicipalbuilding(Id.).

Sgt. Espiritu then proceeded to the Patrol base or detachment of the 161st PC Co. at Layac
Dinalupihan,BataanandfromtherehereportedtheincidentbycallingupheadquartersinBalanga,
Bataan(Id.), and at the same time asked for investigators to come over (Id.). Later on, while Sgt.
Espiritu was preparing an onthespot report in the office of the Dinalupihan Police Dept. Capt.
AntonioResurreccionofthe161stPCCo.arrivedwithhisinvestigators(Id.).Sgt.Espirituturnedover
toCapt.ResurrecciontherevolversofAguilarandBuensuceso,whicharebothSmithandWesson
Cal.38,Sgt.EspirituIdentifiedincourtasExhibit"C"aSmithandWessoncal.38revolver,withSerial
No.K617092asbelongingtoPat.Buensuceso,andasExhibit'D'theotherrevolverwithSerialNo.
C73130,Cal.38,asbelongingtoPat.Aguilar(p.4,tsn,July26,1967).

Jose Penaflor, Acting Chief of Police of Dinalupihan, Bataan (pp 12, 13, 14, tsn, Id.) and the
municipal treasurer, Ludovico Simpao (pp. 17, 18, tsn, Id.), testified that on the basis of the
memorandumreceiptandrecordsintheiroffices(Exhibits"H","I","J"),therespectivefirearmsissued
tothepolicemenofDinalupihan,Bataan,bearthefollowingserialnumbers:

EduardoMallariSerialNo.L597615
(Exh.H1J4)

RodolfoAguilarSerialNo.C73130

JoseBuensucesoSerialNo.K617092
(ExhH3J3)

ErnestoJosonSerialNo.K617201
(Exh.H4J3)

ConradoIzonSerialNo.73534
(Exh.H511)

ThedeceasedPariseoTayagdiedofgunshotwoundsasfoundbyDr.CeferinoCunanan,amedico
legalofficeroftheNationalBureauofInvestigation.Hisfindingsandconclusionsarereflectedinhis
necropsyreportNo.N67445(Exh.Lp.5,tsn.,Aug.15,1967),asfollows:

1.Entrancelocatedatthescapularregion,left,directedforwardslightlyupwardandmedially...

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2.Entrancelocatedattheinfrascapularregion,left,***directedforward,upwardandmedially***
...

3. Entrance located at the thigh, right, distal 3rd, anterolateral aspect, *** directed backward,
downwardandlaterally...

4. Entrance located at the leg, right, proximal ward, anterolateral aspect * * * directed upward,
backward and laterally * * * fracturing communitedly the upper 3rd of the tibia and a slug was
recoveredatapointattheleveloftheknee,***

Dr.CunanantestifiedthatgunshotwoundNo.4isnotathroughandthoughwound,butinsteadthe
bulletwasrecoveredwithitscourseatExhibitsQ3andS(pp.7,8,tsn,Aug.15,1967).Thebulletis
preservedintheirofficeandthephotooftheslugisshowninExhibitsTandT1(p.8,tsn,Id.).He
explainedthatgunshotwoundsNos.1and2wereinflictedbya.38caliberbullet(p.8,tsn,Id.),while
woundNo.3mayhavebeeninflictedbya.32or.38cal.bullet.WoundNo.1musthavebeenfired
by an assailant behind and to the left of the victim (p. 9, tsn, Id.). The shot causing Wound No, 2
musthavebeenfiredbyanassailantwhileinthesamepositionwhenWoundNo.1wasinflictedon
the victim. Wound No. 3 is located on the lower extremity which is movable part of the body and
couldbeinflictedonthevictimassumingdifferentpositions.WoundNo.4couldbeinflictedwhenthe
victimwaslyingdownandassailantwasinalowerpositionthanthevictimbothstandingerectfaceto
face.WoundsNo.1and2werefatal.WoundNo.1involvestheheartandlungsandWoundNo.2
involvesthelungs,spleenandtheliver(pp.9,10,tsn,Id.).

Lungesdiphenylaminetestsweremadeonthedorsalaspectofbothhandsoftheaccusedfromthe
wristjointtothefingertips,whichproducedthefollowingresults,towit:

ChemistryReportNo.G67204ConradoIzon

LeftHandPositive

RightHandNegative

ChemistryReportNo.G67203FideldelaCruz

Negativeresults

ChemistryReportNo.G67202ErnestoJoson

LeftHandPositive

RightHandNegative

ChemistryReportNo.G67200EduardoMallari

Negativeresults.

Filemon Mamaril, Supervising Ballistician and Chief, Forensic Ballistic of the National Bureau of
Investigation, who conducted a ballistic examination of the firearms and shells and ammunitions
received from the office of the provincial fiscal of Bataan in connection with this case, rendered his
BallisticReportsNos.B41867andB44867(Exh.V,pp.4,5,tsn,April17,1968).

ExhibitWwhichisadeformedjacketedbulletwhichwasreceivedfromDr.Cunanan(p.6,tsn,Id.),
showedthatitwasfiredfromtheSmithandWessonrevolver,Cal.38,bearingSerialNo.K617092
(p. 7, tsn, Id.). He also found that the empty shells, Exhs. "Y", "Y1" and "Y2" and "Y3" were fired
from the revolver marked Exh. "C" (Id.). The three empty shells, Exhs. "Y4", "Y5" and "Y6" were
fired from a Smith and Wesson revolver, Cal. 38, with Serial No. C73130 (pp. 123, 124, tsn., April
18,1969)markedExh."D"(p.4,tsn.,July26,1967).4

Thetestimonyofoneoftheaccused,EduardoMALLARI,inhisdefensewassummarizedbytheTrialCourtthus:

In his defense, the accused Eduardo Mallari testified that at about 5:30 o'clock in the afternoon of
April21,1967,heclosedtheofficeoftheChiefofPoliceonthe2ndfloorofthemunicipalbuilding.
ThenhewentdowntotheofficeoftheDeputyChiefofPoliceonthegroundfloor.Whiledescending
to the ground floor, he saw a person in the office of the Deputy Chief of Police facing Cpl. Aguilar.
ThepersonwasholdingaknifeandcursingtheChiefofPolice.Suddenlythepersonraisedhisright
handwiththeknifestating,"Youcanonlygetthisfromme,Aguilar,whenIamalreadydead."Then
thepersonandAguilarpursuedoneanotheraroundthetable,thepersonwithaknifeasthepursuer.
HesawthepersonpushedasideAguilarandstabbedhimbutAguilarwasnothit.ThereuponAguilar
rantowardstheoutsideofthebuilding.ThepersonfollowedAguilar.AtthisjuncturePat.Fideldela
Cruzarrived.DelaCruzaskedMallariwhathappened.AsDelaCruzandMallariwereconversing,
Mallari heard a shot fired outside the building. Thereupon, De la Cruz grabbed Mallari's gun and
rushed outside the building. Mallari also ran outside of the building. He saw the person, whom he
laterrecognizedasPariseoTayag,runningaway.Heheardothershots,notlessthanfiveofthem.
Hewasshortdistancefromthemaindoorofthemunicipalbuildingandhesawacommotionofthe
people.FideldelaCruzreturnedMallari'sgunaftertheshootingandwhentheywerealreadyinside
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thebuilding.ThereafterSgt.RomualdoEspirituoftheP.C.arrived.Sgt.EspiritugotMallari'sgunfrom
DelaCruz,smelledit,thenhandeditbacktoDelaCruz,saying:"Itwasnotfired".

Anotherdefensewitness,CorazonCruz,awaitress,testifiedthatthedeceasedtogetherwithsomecompanions
haddrunkbeerinsideFreddie'sRestaurantbeforetheshootingincident.Afterhertestimony,thedefensewithout
presentingtheotheraccusedonthewitnessstand,offereditsevidenceandsubmittedthecasefordecision.

Accusedappellants,intheirrespectiveBriefs,assignedthefollowingerrors:

1)ByIZONandJOSON:

THE LOWER COURT ERRED IN HOLDING THE APPELLANTS CONRADO IZON AND ERNESTO
JOSONGUILTYOFTHECRIMECHARGEDINTHEINFORMATIONPENALIZEDUNDERARTICLE
248OFTHEREVISEDPENALCODE.

II

THELOWERCOURTLIKEWISEERREDINFINDINGTHEAPPELLANTSIZONANDJOSONASCO.
PRINCIPALINTHECOMMISSIONOFTHECRIME.

2)ByBUENSUCESO:

THE LOWER COURT ERRED IN GIVING UNDUE CREDENCE TO THE NECROPSY REPORT
EXHIBIT L) OF DR. CEFERINO CUNANAN AND THE BALLISTICS REPORT (EXHIBIT V) OF THE
BALLISTICIAN FILEMON MAMARIL, AS WELL AS THEIR TESTIMONIES AND IN RELYING
THEREONORMAKINGTHESAMEASITSBASISFORCONCLUDINGTHATTHESLUG(EXHIBIT
W) WHICH WAS ALLEGEDLY RECOVERED FROM THE KNEE OF THE ALLEGED VICTIM WAS
FIREDFROMTHEREVOLVER(EXHIBITC)OFTHEAPPELLANTJOSEBUENSUCESO.

II

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN RULING THAT THE TWO FATAL WOUNDS WHICH CAUSED THE
INSTANTANEOUS DEATH OF THE ALLEGED VICTIM WERE INFLICTED BY BULLETS FIRED
FROMTHEGUNSOFTHEAPPELLANTSJOSEBUENSUCESO,RODOLFOAGUILAR,CONRADO
IZONandERNESTOJOSON.

III

THE COURT BELOW ERRED IN CONVICTING THE APPELLANT JOSE BUENSUCESO FOR
MURDER NOTWITHSTANDING ITS OWN FINDING THAT THERE WAS NO CONSPIRACY
ESTABLISHED BY THE PROSECUTION, ASIDE FROM THE FACT THAT THERE WAS
ABSOLUTELYNOEVIDENCEONRECORDTOSHOWTHATHEACTUALLYPARTICIPATEDINTHE
KILLINGOFTHEVICTIM.

3)ByAGUILAR:

THELOWERCOURTERREDINHOLDINGTHATTHEREWASTREACHERY,MORESPECIFICALLY
ONTHEPARTOFDEFENDANTAGUILARTHATWOULDQUALIFYTHECRIMETOMURDER.

II

THE LOWER COURT ERRED IN HOLDING THAT THE ACCUSED AGUILAR THOUGH ACTING
INDEPENDENTLY SHOULD BE LIKEWISE HELD LIABLE AS THE REST OF THE ACCUSED FOR
THEDEATHOFTHEVICTIM.

III

THE LOWER COURT ERRED IN NOT HOLDING THAT DEFENDANT WAS MERELY ACTING IN
LEGITIMATESELFDEFENSEWHENHEINFLICTEDTHEWOUNDONTHEVICTIM.

Theassignederrorsfindnosupportfromtheevidenceonrecord.

Firstly, all four appellants were seen by Apolonio Salvador, one of the prosecution eyewitnesses, to have been
presentatthecrimesceneatthenineoftheincident,armedwith.38caliberservicerevolvers.5

Secondly, the autopsy conducted on the body of the victim showed that he died as a result of four (4) gunshot
wounds,6twoofwhichwerefatal. 7Theexaminingphysiciantestifiedthatthewoundswereinflictedby.38cal.revolvers
andthatadeformedbullet,also.38cal.,whichcausedwoundNo.4,wasrecovered(Exhibit"W").

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Thirdly,uponanonthespotinspectionbyPCSgt.RomualdoEspiritusoonaftertheincident,hefoundthatthe
servicepistolofAGUILARhadbeenfiredandthatitscylindercontainedthree(3)emptyshellsandthree(3)live
ammunitions. Similarly, he smelled the barrel of BUENSUCESO's revolver and found that it, too, had been fired
andthatitscylinderhadfour(4)emptyshells,andtwoliveammunitions.8

Fourthly,ballisticexaminationdisclosedthatthedeformedjacketedbulletrecoveredfromthekneeofthevictim
was fired from a .38 cal. Smith & Wesson revolver, with Serial No. K617092, (Exhibit "C") issued to
BUENSUCESO that the four (4) empty shells (Exhibits "Y", "Y1", "Y2", and "Y3") were fired also from
BUENSUCESO'sfirearmwhilethethree(3)otheremptyshells(Exhibits"Y4","Y5",and"Y6")werefiredfrom
AGUILAR'sSmith&Wessonrevolver,cal.38,withSerialNo.C73130(Exhibit"D").9

Fifth,theChemistryReportsontheparaffintestsshowedthefollowingresults,particularlyinrespect
ofIZONandJOSON:

ChemistryReportNo.G67204ConradoIzon

LeftHandPositive

RightHandNegative

ChemistryReportNo.G67203FideldelaCruz

NegativeResults.

ChemistryReportNo.G67202ErnestoJoson

LeftHandPositive

RightHandNegative

ChemistryReportNo.G67200EduardoMallari

NegativeResults.10(Emphasisours)

Thepositivefinding,insofarasIZONandJOSONareconcerned,confirmprosecutionwitnessApolonioSalvador's
declarationthattheywereinthevicinityofthecrimeatthetimeofitsoccurrence.Althoughtheyhadtheirgunsin
theirholsterswhenSalvadorsawthemthefactremainsthat,uponexamination,theirlefthandswerepositivefor
nitrates.

AGUILAR's plea of selfdefense is evidently unmeritorious. AGUILAR followed the victim right after the latter
hurriedlylefttheofficeoftheChiefofPolice.Onceoutsidethebuilding,AGUILARfiredhisgunupward.Andwhen
thevictimturnedaroundandretreatedbackwards,AGUILARfireduponhimhittinghimabovetherightknee.

If,ascontended,thevictimhadthrusthisknifeatAGUILARinsidetheMunicipalBuildingmaltingtheformerthe
unlawfulaggressor,tobesure,theincidentwouldhavehappenedthereandthenandnotsome60metersaway
fromthebuilding.WediscreditAGUILAR'stestimonythatitwasthevictimwhohadpursuedhimratherthanthe
otherwayaround.

BUENSUCESO's contention that there is serious doubt that the body autopsied was that of the victim hardly
deservesevenpassingconsideration.

All told, there is ample evidence establishing that AGUILAR, BUENSUCESO, IZON, and JOSON had fired their
gunsatthevictimhittinghimondifferentpartsofhisbody.True,ithasnotbeenestablishedastowhichwound
was inflicted by each accused. However, as this Court has held, where the victim died as a result of wounds
receivedfromseveralpersonsactingindependentlyofeachother,butithasnotbeenshownwhichwoundwas
inflictedbyeachassailant,alloftheassailantsareliableforthedeathofthevictim.11

The crime is Murder, qualified by treachery. The victim was already retreating backwards until he reached the
fence of the town plaza when AGUILAR fired his revolver at the former hitting him above the right knee. 12
Notwithstandingthathewasalreadyhitandwounded,andpossiblyimmobilized,hewasstillsubjectedtosuccessiveshotsasshownbythewoundsthathe
hadreceived,evenathisback.Certainly,themeansemployedbytheaccusedappellantstendeddirectlyandspeciallytoinsuretheexecutionofthecrime
withoutrisktothemselvesarisingfromanydefensewhichthevictimmighthavemade.13

The killing of the victim was aggravated by abuse of superior strength as shown by the number of assailants,
whichcircumstance,however,isabsorbedbytreachery.14Noothercircumstancesmodifythecommissionofthecrime.

WHEREFORE,thejudgmentappealedfromisherebyAFFIRMED,exceptthattheindemnitytothevictim'sheirs
isherebyincreasedtoP30,000.00.15Withproportionatecosts.

SOORDERED.

Teehankee(Chairman),Plana,Relova,Gutierrez,Jr.andDelaFuente,JJ.,concur.

Footnotes
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1Decision,p.17

2Rollo.p.3.

3Ibid.,p.34.

4BrieffortheAppellee,pp210,Rollo,p.175.

5T.S.N.,July25,1967,pp.3545.

6T.S.N.,August15,1967,p.6.

7Ibid.,pp.1011.

8T.S.N.,July26,1967,pp.23,9.

9T.S.N.,April18,1968,pp.123124.

10Decision,P.8.Rollo.p.25.

11U.S.vs.Abiog,etal.,37Phil.137,147(1917).

12T.S.N.,July25,1967,pp.3436.

13Article14,par.16,RevisedPenalCode.

14Peoplevs.Brioso,37SCRA337(1971)Peoplevs.Mori55SCRA383(1974)Peoplevs.Velez,
58SCRA22(1974).

15Peoplevs.delaFuente,126SCRA524(1983).

TheLawphilProjectArellanoLawFoundation

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