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1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Objectives 1
3.0 Design Calculation 3
3.1 Rapid Mix Tank (Coagulation) (Esther Chung) 4
3.2 Flocculation (Chung Wee Li) 11
3.3 Sedimentation (Lim Leong Chea) 17
3.4 Filtration (Low Kien Pin) 23
3.5 Disinfection (Mavis Ong) 32
4.0 Design Summary
4.1 Rapid Mix Tank (Coagulation) 35
4.2 Flocculation 37
4.3 Sedimentation 39
4.4 Filtration 41
4.5 Disinfection 43
5.0 Conclusion 44
6.0 Reference 45
7.0
1.0 Introduction
This design project requires us to provide a brief description of the water treatment plant
design. All the design aspects are fulfilled regarding the requirements provided by the
lecturer, Dr Ngu Lock Hei. The raw water is taken from the Sarawak River, at Petanak Wet
Market.
On site measurement is taken on the spot and identification of the measured class is made.
After analysing, the water is determined as class III based on International Water Quality
Standards for Malaysia (INWQSM). In addition, the water is not suitable for drinking as it
doesnt meet the requirement from the Malaysia Drinking Quality Standard (MDWQS).
2.0 Objective
The aim of this project is to design a water treatment plant to process the water collected
from the site. The water treatment plant includes coagulation process, flocculation process,
sedimentation process, filtration process and disinfection process. Each member need to
provide a calculation for their respective processes and design an appropriate tank for each
process. The water treatment plant is designed based on 225 L/person per day and to supply
m3
3
to 1,400,000 people, at the rate of 45 x10 d .
Coagulation
Flocculation
Sedimentation
Filtration
Disinfection
Mavis Ong
(100060198)
3 3
Q = 315 10 m / day
Number of trains =7
3
Inlet flow rate of each train = 0.52 m /s
t0
Rapid Mix Detention time, = 2 minutes (120 seconds)
1
Rapid Mix G value = 300 s
De
Equivalent Diameter, = 2.1 m
Pimpeller
Power of each Impeller, = 448.2 W
D impeller
Diameter of Impeller, = 0.75 m
Geometric ratio Range Impeller
diameter (m)
1.3
D 0.17-0.4 0.32
T
H 2-4 3.36
D
H 0.34-1.6 1.07
T
B 0.7-1.6 1.12
D
4.2 Flocculation: Chung Wee Li (4320077)
Number of train 3
t0
Retention time, 17 minutes
Number of compartments, n 3
Te
Equivalent Diameter, 4.1 m
D impeller
Diameter of Impeller, 1.3 m
Parameter Value
Inlet flow rate in each train, Qo 0.52 m3/s
Overflow rate, Vo (color removal) 30 m3/day m2
Number of tanks, n 2
Inlet flow rate into each tank 0.26 m3/s
Area of each tank 1500 m3
Detention time, t 4 hours
Volume of each tank 7515m3
Weir overflow rate, Qw (assume low 143m3/day m
turbidity)
Sludge storage depth at outlet 0.3m
Sludge storage depth at inlet 3m
Inlet zone length 1.5m
Total length of tank, Lt 75m
Outlet zone length, Ls 15.7m
No of weir rows 10
Sludge production for alum coagulation 1090.85 kg/d
Width, W = 5.7 m
Length, L = 17.08 m
Summary of Design
Chlorine Contact Tank (Disinfection) (Mavis Ong 100060198)
mg. min
CT required =2.859
L
T =20.4 min
m3
Qmodule =218.75
min
V tank=4462.5 m3
Depth , D=3 m
Width , W =1.5 m
Length , L=991.7 m
Effective Length , Le =9 m
Number of passes=111
Number of compartments=3
5.0 Conclusion
The design project is completed successfully and the objectives are achieved. Water treatment
plant that consists of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection are
fully defined and calculated. With all designed requirements are met, a water treatment plant
that supply water to 1,400,000 people is successfully designed.
A 3.66 m3/s of raw water is flowing into 7 trains and each train have 8 tanks. Then the flow
of 2 rapid mix tank is channelled to 1 flocculation tank. 3 flocculation tanks are proposed and
each tank has 3 mandatory compartments. The water is then flowing to 2 sedimentation tanks
and finally to filtration. To kill any bacteria or pathogen, the water is further treated in
chlorine tank to undergo disinfection.
6.0 Reference
Treatment standards for municipal drinking water systems, Government of Nova Scotia,
viewed 9 April 2017, <
https://novascotia.ca/nse/water/docs/Treatment_Standards_for_Municipal_Drinking_Water_S
ystems_Appendix%20D.pdf>.
Water sampling and analysis 2011, Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, viewed 2 April
2017, <http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/2edvol3d.pdf>.