A

6ATALOG'F.

u 'fLEJiF & SELECTED PAPER MSS.

HE LONGING TO THE DURBAR LIBRARY, NEPAL,

L,\UAMAHOPADHYAYA HARA PRASA11 S.ASTIU. MA .

nt Philological Beclstarll, ,A,.tic 8otloty, Berlgol, and PJltltlJJrlI,
8anskrit CQltege, CIllcutla.

TO WHICH HAS ~ERN ADDED

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION
8Y

PRomson CECIL BENDilL. M.A.

pro/.."r 0/ 8.n.."t in tr.. Ua;'~rrilv 0/ O.m.ndt.

'1nl J

CALCUTTA:
PRINTED AT TBI BA",18T 11188JOK PRESS.

190~.
 1")"

,\
 TABLE OF CONTENTS.

- /'aYf.

Preface l-LXXXll
Historical Introuuction ]-82

Catalogue of Palm-leaf MSI'l. in the DlIl'bar

Library, NppaJ \-~

Catalogue of Palm-leaf MS~. recently col.

lected by the Late Maharaja Sir Bir
Shamsher Jang Bahitdur RltJ:llt "l.-l~

D(,tailed description of souw of the rare

Palm-leaf MSS. i Y-\ ~(

Ol'Hcription of three MRS. in Gupta Charac-

t.er in the Dal'bar Library ~U)-\ 8(

Description of Borne rare papor MSS. t. - ~

Ind.,x l.-'rltle of Mannsel'iptR 1-211

hHi.lX n.-General Index ". 1.28

 I'REll'AOE.

'I'hi:, ~()nt:l"J:' nanlCH (If t.iw palm leaf

~{HH. /.;;1 >1': \[()p~,l, with ~hol't d(\~crjptj')llR
o~ t,hc
ilf tll' ", h~f.h('r~~j:!tJI0~il~e.~. of ail tlw
tU",

cl". ,J.,l'rI ~St~~. 11:. . I_dm leaf

W.\'
.~. '.;j:3. it1ld Rorno (If
hl"l' (jup':' >trl' in Lhe
pal III . '. with d~ht
~!"u.;mi::4ltlil' Y!tA fllllMtU!f Jung
ilo. ~0t~ of lOt lflll,dJe~, Th~8()
:'Hi i,\ol SH" th~Ii.!;'h Jnlllly nf tht'lli
,;:
'I'LL M~~, in t.he r,jIJmry pal'er !lud palm leaf
I, n~:.rly !'i,fIU!). 'I'lto,v uOlltain t,ht' Il"',l'al
o1l1./,h,' l'rlnoi(~. ,ant.iqllity, CV(,I'.I'~l1Ce 's.
',(I "tld t" t11t' ll11lliIJcl', Th" olilOah, iH vl'rv
;'JlI 1)1' Ml:)~" I1.nd it SP"lnH Il"L t~,
kJlIIW wh, "t'y I~, Illlt ,till 'Ln (,xf1min;ttlon of th,,~() Mfl~.
~1,nlY~ t.:1I ::lUlt}' Ill' to!.\' "ldl'~t M:-\~, hftve been dihpidnt.Pd IUlIl
ilwl'!.' ':( It III IIIiJl'" 1',Jllt;J.jlAing fl':\gments of I'"im ItJilovCR
and l':tpel', lib, ,r.!:,trt:,t.(j tht,illl,tlrestevincedbythe(},lVern.
iTIl'Jlt and t,hl' 1.,"'1':::''' Kt.l\ff. Ims i)()on carefillly pre~r!1'\'(Jd alld
uot t,hl'i)\,li ILW"." is gl~T1E1rally dono in all collcctir)MH'u
Inrlilt, An C.'l:UIJ1JMt.Jl)n of (,his- lnmber may prove ext,remely
iutCl'eRting ~1Jld 1\ fut1ll'e H,lornllJ or St,i,rin Tllay one day (1is.
covor implll'tant. b'llth~ from them, l'rofe.ssor Bonila.H
ex:tmint'll a fe,,' ~tray bl1'6B preservort in a copy of tb~
MahahhITrllLa ~nd i,he l'esnlt, was exoe'Uent, ni~ eXIIlllinatiotii
,his Pl'OVl'J, that T'a;li W(l,~ g,t Olll' tilDe Il:.<ed ro- far north' f
l\epaJ, and that what Dr. Hnernie ceJlB CSD.w.1 A,eiMJ '~:
.. ~
 PREFAOE.

ms not confined to Centl'1Io1 Asia a.loD~.-J.ll.A.S, 1900, pp.

168 a"ld 845.
Thcl'oa.rc 107 not,icOBO paper lVISH. of which Borne are
oolllposrd Nepal and others ill India. Ofthes~ ('ltlTCill
N:igll';I, Maitllila, 2 in HCllgali antI :]'f; in Newari.
Out of :.lwsr eight, ill Nl'wari Ull(rJivc ill Nag'am frre l'llllouut-
cdly r<lml'ulluu ill Ntpal.
1'1 J~..i - - Vedie sC[,'Jh\rohip h!l~ for alonf( tirno heen at
Lhe 10\\ (",t ehl; ill NeV:>!. Tltel'!'. are some Veuic work" ill 1.1,,:
Lihrar), IJllt they Itre mostly hhoUeil V<\Jthka-mantm-s:t
I(l'flf""h without a.ny,iptlicalillll :\S ~ wbt Vella the J\l:1JItl'l\~
udollg LIl_ Oiler 1lSCj mentiou('(\ ill pag'c t2, No_ 1::06 \>,
lIPJlL'i from L} "'a t,o be >l PUl'lJUll uf the Y",i1lr-
:illI; I'llml)er '1"1[".I,; kal'(>B only, to Ill' a
porlioil "fdltll~g-Ve(la. J\"u, .,)'];")8:1", '7ll,I)l'Vlll~ with
a)(L.,ntl.~ "P<>l'iSo,lUflhana" '1'1111;),111('; 'aIlSI!'.;; I,he fin'-
".br [ llort.h-e'lst with wj,-Iiand till it reachL'~ llol'Lh-
'11'(, ill till' direction of the l'i!\ht- h:>wl. '[bc' J!1;\U ~ri)
bc1uD!{ -aj. Salpllltoi XX. J 1,
;q,athas. PI'. 10 'Mld 2:1, No:;, 273 If, IInd 7R7 9,
belO1'g 1.1) t lie White Yajlll'vL'da, .1tJ'1H' Wo;' ill p, JO jp a
Ivnglob wur k cOlllaining the ordinary texL up t(l 1,1,t' 7th
chapter. S:ll11ltit.a-pii\hll jn p. :):1, No, i(;i7!, cont.aiDs 11
W:J.utra, ~g.V l'dl' X. J.l:). 5,
'rhel'e lire thre(\ leaves Hi-IS, Jll nllruh~l' 1Hti:1 ~,page ;':3.
There iH a muntra in pago 16 whieh hl'llIng's to tho l~g.V('da
IV. 58,!l.
Pag"s 18, 1\J alld H4 conta.in three entries of unspecified
Verlic liIantr9.ll, being Nos. 6U4 Ill, 736. and 16'7.. The
Pur~a:\nkta figul'es ill pagll4<~, (120h.) ,
Th rites by which at Lhe end of the rainy season the
.tudy uf the yeLias rl'CllmmenC(!8, i.~~, those whichQo~epoe. ai
l\O,W &eSijion"llf tlw Vooic studies, are known ,ai' Upl4tvrollo.
'J:~ 11'", three Mt:lS, relating to th~'Se rites. ,'"
, ;,Jl) Up~karma mantr8\li, Nll 1473_, p'go ,&~,~"8 the
fq~. used Jll tbellO I'iwa wjth sacrificial ,~p~~$, .
- .
 PR.PAOE.
.
(2) Up~karmavidhi, No 1473 w, page 56, gives the pro.;
cess of performing these rites. This is da.ted N.S. 180=1060
A.D.
(3) Up~karmasnanavidhi, No 15341ifi', page 68, gives the
manner of bathing for the purposes of these rites.
. The concluding rite in every sacrifice desiring peace and
happiness to the world is called Santi. The mantras used.in ,
this rite form the subject-matter of No. 1584' 1!', page 63.
The commonly-used Santi is very short, but the rite men-
tionedl in this MS. appears to be a rather long one covering
27 leaves'. GaJ;l.ay~ga-vidhi, p. 85, No. 1113 U, is an incom-
plete copy of a Vedic work on the sacrifice to the gaJ;l.as, such
as the MarutgaJ;l.a. A Gal}.ahoma has been described in Raja.
Mitra, N o~ 4101.
I~ti Sntras, forming part of K~tyayana's Kalpa-Sntras,
are to be found in 1559 tt, in page 70.
There are three MS-S. of the Grhya Sntras in this Col-
lection; that in page 33, No. 1077 ~, entitled Grhyoktavidhi,
betongs to the White Yajurveda; that in page 56, No. 1473 W,'
entitled Grhyapaddhati, was copied in N. S. 550=1480 A.D. j
that in page 59, No. 1478 ;wo, Grhya pariSil[lta, has 38 leaves
and begins with the Kariki "Bit Kalpa:rp va svagrhyoktam,
&c., &c."
These are the only entries in the Catalogue of Vedic
works. The BrahmaJ;l.as and Upanilllads are unknown. Works
oil Vwlic s~crifices too a:e co~spicuous. by their abs~nce.
'l\.ere IS only one sohtary Instance tit a MS. of Mima:rpsa
in this 'vast ~ollection. It is entitled N yayaratnakara or
N ayaratnakara, pp. 30 and 113, No. 1076 'I, which is, however,
to be differenciated from the work of the same name in Cat. Cat,
Vol. I, p. 310 A, and aiso from that in Cat. Cat. Vol. lIT, p~ 66A.
The MS. is a fragment.' .It contains an unknown commentary
on the eleventh chapter of the Jmmini Sntras. It quotes the
bh~ya, i.e, Savara's bha~ya :-" Saumyena vyavayat pUrvasya
KrflJasarasya puronuvakya," see p. 796, MimilpBii-daraana.,
VoL 11, Bibl. Ind. Edition. The MS. was copied ip. La.. Sarp.
 P&BP~

004, ".8., by tlie middle of the fourteenth century, by

Harikall&, a student, the son of Maha.mahopadhya.yar Ratnj-
karrar .in the village "Kalhau" in Mithila.. . The author-who
must have preceded the copyist is Srican4ra, the son of Maha-
mahopa.dhya.ya GUJ}arati of Po~ali gra.ma, which is a village
giving its name to a clan of Bra.hmaI.1as both in Mithila and
. in .Bengal. The author quotes from Srikara, a great writer
an MimaJpsa.. May he not be the same Srikara whose opinions
are so often refuted by Jiml1ta-va.hana in the Da.yabhaga ?
Vyakaratta.-It is well-known that there were eight ancient
Schools of Grammar: these are enumerated by Vopadeva in his
Kavikalpadruma. The Nepal PaJ}.qits seem to have cultivated'
tbe Aindra and the Candra Schools. And in this Catalogue
have been noticed many works of these two Schools with
QCC$iional works from the neighbouring districts of North
Bengal and North Viha.r.
Candra-vyakaraJ}.a by Candra GomIn. There are four
~SS. of this work in the Darbar Library, see pp. 31,69, 72, and
.76, Nos. 1076 V, 1558, 158BiR and 1608 iR. One of them, viz., the
~oond, haS a commentary down to the end of the second
ohapter. The first was copied in N.S. 441 = 1821 A.D. For
qesoriptions of the Candra V yakaraJ}.a, see p. 249 J .A.S.B. V 01.
LXII, Part I.; Prof. Bendall's Cam. Cat., pp. 157,158, (sic.) 180,
181,198; also Cst. I. 0., page 198. The author Candra Gomin
mary be the laic who flourished between 630-640 A.D. atNalanda,
see pages 129 and 130, Kern's Indian Buddhism in Grundris
der ll;1d. Ax., &et In the page 11 of the same work Candra
Qo~ the grammarian, is said to have composed a poem called
~iva Lekl1a. Not a single copy of this work has been obtained
i}l h.clia; all t1;le copies known came from either Nepal or Tibet.
. Oi C)ther grammatical works Written by Buddhist
~th.(lL"' the Subanta-ratna-kara is a curious instance.
Tltere are two MSS. of this work in this collection, 'Vis., in
p. 17, No. 468 v, and in p. 38, No. 1152 W, in Newari sndm
lW~,~r~tQrs )."aspectively. The palmography of the
~: CQPYi ab~ws. ihat iU was written mliich earliel' than th.
l4aith~ one. ~he older one 'begins with an invocatioll' ~
Sakya Muni. In the secend verse is given the object ,of th~
wo~k, and in the third an imprecation against wicked hostile
critics. But in the more modern Maithila copy there is only
one verse before the subject-matter is introduced, and that verse
is ~ invQcation to Sarasvati. The commentary Riipa-sadhana,
by Subhnticandra, pp. 80 and 128,No.1076v, however, explains
the Buddhist invocation along with'the other two verses. This
is a beautiful example of the Hindu trick of turning Buddhist
works into Hindu by simply changing the invocation. Subhiiti:-
candra appears to have been a Hindu, for at the beginning of
his commentary he invokes Hindu deities. So there is no
doubt that the original work contained the Buddhist invocation.
Tbe work or Manual of Grammar deals with the deolensiqns
of words.
The work entitled Tili-bheda too appears to have lost its
invooation in a similar manner. The MS. is noticed in
page 90, No. 4, of the new collection, and has a distinctly Bud- ,
dhistic invocation, while the same work in page 83, No. 1645
., has a doubtful one.
Durghatavrtti was a work composed by Sarar;tadeva in the
, 1 0 9 5
Saka year eka-nabho-nava-paiica-vitane, i.e., in S~ka 1095.
This is one of the few instances in which the principal A:gkasya
vama gati~ has been negleoted in a ohronogram. The
Durghatavrtti has not yet been discovered. But the author
allowed Sarvvarak~ita to revise the work for the benefit of stu- .
dents. The revised edition is noticed in pp. 17 and 105, No. 468
w. The author Saral,;ladeva seems to have been a Buddhist as
he invokes Sarvajiia, whioh, without any qualifying word, means
lJuddha. But the revisor is styled Mahamahopadhyaya.
Stein notices the same revised work in pp. 259 and 260. But
curiouSly enough in the e~tr39ts given by him ooours "iti Raksi.,
~al}"; from this it seems revisions are in some instanoes marked
4\thEt revisor.'s own nlilllDe. From the extracts th,~re give~, it
q~, th~t ,tb~" w9~k ~PDgs t;p th~ K~tl!ntr,; s.chwl,. ~q ~b.~
 PJU1PAOJf.

a.uthor notes on only the Durghata. or difficult and doubtfu1

points.
There are three dilapidated MSS. of the Bh~avrtti
VyakaraQa in Maithila character in this collection, viz., No.
382 _, in p. 14, No. 1536 'I, in p. 67, and No. 1634'1, in p.81.
This also is by a Buddhist author, Puru~ottama. Deva, who
begins with an invocation to Buddha. He gives brief com-
ments on Pa:r;tini's rules excluding Vedic Rules. The work is
still in use in Northern Bengal. But it seems that atone time
it had an extensive circulation in Mithila too.
Riipiivatara Vyakaral}am, by Dharmaklrtti, page 60, No.
1475 'If, begins with the words SarvajiiamanantaguQan, but
there is no such verb as namami, &c. But that need not deter
anyone from thinking that the author was a 'Buddhist, as the
name of a deity pronounced at the commencement is considered
auspicious. And in this instance the deity is Sarvajiia. It is
difficult to say to which School of Grammar the work belongs,
as the author in the first verse says Sukalaparp, and then in
the second verse makes his pra:r;tama to PaQini. He seemed to
have started a new School of his own.
Padasllrya-VyakaraQa, by Utsavakirtti, surnamed
Saranga Upadhyaya, p. 13 and 114, No. 382 w. This belongs
to the Aindra or Katantra School of Vyiikaral}a, and treats of
the formation of words and paradigms of roots. The Katantra
Vyakarar.ta is called Kalapa from the tail of Kartika's peacock,
and Kaumara from Kartika himself. There are traditions
how the general-in-chief of the gods produced this work.
But from the manner in which Guha is mentioned in this
work he seems to have been a writer of this School.
. Rllpivali, by Raghavarima Mil!lra, p. 247 , No. 1592, is a
work on the declension of words in Sanskrit. It was written
in the Saka year 1714, i.e., 1792 A.D., for the benefit of the son
of RaJ.1&. Bahidur Sha.h, the Maharajadhiraja of Nepal. Unique.
PrakriyakaumudI, by Ramacandra Bhatta, p. 81, No.
1076 er, is a. Manual of Grammar current in Orissa and the
Kaliilga countries. The author was an inhabitant of the Andhra
 PBD'AOW.

Desa or Tailanga. Eggeling in page 167B quotes a long

passage in Sanslqit from which I cull the following geneology
of the author.
In the family of ViUh~ in the Andhra country was
born
Avimukta..
.I
Ananticiiryya..
I
Riimasviimi.
I
Nrhari
I
Gopila. fcaryy&..
( "")
Nrsiqilia. Ramaca.ndra..
This family is still known as the 8e~a family, and it keeps
up its old tradition for scholarship. Colebrooke places Rama-
candra's son in 1243 A.D.
Katantravistara, by Vardhamana, in Nagara character,
p. 158, No. 1549, copied in Sa111. 1589=1533 A.D. The
work is mentioned in many Catalogues, but it has never been
described. A commentary on it by PrthvIdhara has been
described in Raj. Mitra's Gram. Cat., p. 7, but not the text.
The author V ardhamana is entitled U padhyaya of 8rImat
KarQadeva, i.e., some Raja whose name was KarQadeva.
As this is a very common name of Indian Princes it is diffi
cult to say which KarQa is meant. Vardhamana, says Cole-
brooke, is often quoted in Kamadhenu by Yopadeva by the
middle of the 18th century.
~at Karakam, p. 37, No. 1114 Iff, in Maithila character,
was copied in La. Salll 475 in Bhaua~agrama by Murari
8arma. The Catalogue gives no more information than this.
But it is known from elsewhere that it was composed by a
Buddhist variously named as Ballabhananda, Bahasa NandI,
and Mahesa N andI. The author is sometimes called Rabhasa
Na.ndI, too. It treats of the use of cases and consists of four-
teen verses only with a commentary. Eggelingthinks, p. 208B,
 bDAGB.

that the Buddhist invocation belongs to the cointnentary.

The work belongs to the Katantra. School Wld is still read fa
East Bengal.
Manoramakucamardana, by J agannltha, p. 224. No.
1110. Prakriyaprakasa was a recast of Panini's Sntras in
practical shape by Krl:loa Pal}~ita of the Sel:la family in the An-
dhra country referred to in connection with the Prakriya-kau-
mudI. KJ'IIQa PaQ~ita had a student named Bhattoji Diqita
who wrote another recast of PaQini's Sntras entitled Siddhanta-
kaumudi, with a commentary called Manorama in which he
adversely criticised his Guru's works. This enraged the
sons of VireSvara, the son of Kr~Qa PaQcJita, who defended
their family work against Bhattoji's attacks. But Jagannath
PaQcJitaraja, the PaQcJit at the court of Dara Sheiko, the son of
Shahjahan, as a student of Viresvara, took up the cudgels
in his hands and wrote the present work severely criticising
Manorama. As the word Manorama is in the feminine in
Sanskrit, he named his critique on it, Manoramakucamardana.
!.khyataprakaraQam, p. 56, No. 1478 ., belongs to the
Katantra School.
Upayogakramal)., p. 85, No. 1647
U~mabheda, pp. 31 and 60, Nos. 1076. and 1475 W, in
N ewari character, gives rules for spelling words with the three
S's. The first was copied in N.S. 441.
Dhatujiianarp., p. 85, No. 1647 v, treats of conjugation of
roots in SanskrIt.
Dhatupatha, pp. 34 and 84, Nos. 1078 .. and 1647 u.
Sixteen leaves in Gupta character on Grammar, page
a5, No. 16418 iRe The leaves are not in order. They seem
to be the leaves of a long grammatical work. There are
some Sntras given, but these are not Panini's SntI-as nor are
they from Katantra.
Krdbha,.ya, page 88, No. 1693 W. Thirteen palm-leaveS.
part of a large work on Grammar; contain tnany Stltras.
Three are noted down in the Oatalogue, and t.!tey are fo.und iJi
.~JJ9 ~f3: order in Katantra. So. th:ese; leaves mut beloD, to
that work.' These are from the ohapter on Krt. It is a well-
known fact that Sarvavarma, the author of Katantra Sntras.
~d n,ot write these chapters. They were written by the V rtti-
kara Katyayana. So these leaves contain Sntras by Katya-
yana or Vararuci with a bha~ya. This proves not only the
great antiquity of the Katantra 8ntras but also of Katyayana.
The work is called Krd-bha~ya. The 8utras noticed, how~
ever, are the first Sntras of the work in the leaves under
notice. But they are numbers 84, 85 and 86 of the fifth Pada
in the chapter on Krts in the Katantra Grammar.
There are 91 leaves of a work on Grammar, p. 70, No.
1595 tir. It is most probably a big fragment of the Rilpa..
vatara VyakaraQa noticed in p. 60. The chapters are called
avataras. The matter given in the Prarambha Vakya, in p. 60,
is what may fit in exactly on one side of a narrow palm-leaf.
The first leaf is invariably written on one side only.' But
the leaves in question begin with the second page and leave
out matter which is enough for the one side of the first leaf.
The chapters are:-
Saiijnavatara-4th leaf.
Sarphitavatara-15th leaf.
Vibhaktyavatara-63rd leaf.
Natvavatara-71st leaf.
$atvavatara-73rd leaf.
Samasavatara-78th leaf.
Smrti.-Of the Srprti works, the original Sarphitaa are
not very numerous in this collection. ~lour are worth men-
tion, namely:-
(1) Manavadharma-sastra, page 60, No. 1475 lIr. This
appears to have been brought from India as it is in Nlgara
character.
(2) Parasara-smrti, page 59, No. 1478 v. Complet&
in 12 chapters, is in Newari character.
(3) Naradiya-dharma.-Sastl'a, p. 44, No.1230.. Cllaff&'I
WJ; N~w~i,
'2
 x PBB'AOlI.

(4) Minava-nylya-Bastram, p. 43, No. 1230, "f.f, caJIed

also Bra.hmokta-dharma-smrti in the first verse after the colo-
phon, is, the Satphita of Na.rada on the law-book of Manu.
[Na.r8.da's work is often considered as an appendix to the work
of Manu]. It is accompanied with a brief commentary- in the
Newari language, entitled Nya.ya-vika.sini by Ma.l}ika, per-
haps the same as the author of Bhairavananda Na.ta,ka, who
wrote thali work at the request of Jayata, the son of Candana
Varma. and the minister of Jayasthiti Malla, the husband of
Ra.jaJIa Devi, in N.S. 500, i.e., in 1380 A.D. The object was
to bring the administration of justice more in unison with
the Smrti th'an before. The advent of a new dynasty was
followed by reforms in every direction, and the aim of these
~eforms was Aryanizing the N ewars. The literary activity
of this reign has been touched upon by Prof. Bendall: the
administration of justice is spoken of here. The composition
of many. new dramas, by Ma.l}ika, Dharma Gupta and others
also bears witness to the tendency of Aryanizing. The pre-
sent MS. was copied by Vajra.ca.ryya Lilndabhadra, a 8ikya-
bhiqu belonging to the Klrttipu.l}ya Maha.viha.ra in BhatgAo.
This shows that the Buddhist monks who excelled in Cali-
graphy were exten'sively employed in copying Hindu MSS.
In the Durbar Library, too, the Buddhist Vajraca.ryas are
still the best scribes. Prof. Bendall obtained much valuable
information from the post-Colophon statements in- this
MS.
The most ancient MS. on modern Smrti, i.e., of Smrti com-
pilations,' is Ratnakara.l}4ika. by Dro.l}a. See pages 77 and
127, No. 1633 ". This is so old, worn out, and dilapidated
and so worm-eaten, that it was impossible to take a full de-
scription. It was however copied in Sam. 1189, i.e., in 1133
A.D. in Nagara character. This is the oldest MS. dated in a
non-Nepalese era, and in a non-Nepalese character found in
, this collection. It treats of the rites and ceremonies of the
followers of Vajasaneya SaIphita. It is a curious fact that a
work of 80 much importance and so much antiquity is not
 PRE.rA.OB. Xl.

known in quotations; recently, however, another MS. of. the

work has been found in the collection of MSS. presented by
A. C. Biirnell to the India Office, and it is accompanied with a
commentary, but no description of the work has y~t appeared.
anywhere.
It speaks volumes of the climate of Nepal, that palm-
leaves of the 12th and 18th centuries have not yet decayed.
Works like Dasakarma and Yivahakarmasamuccaya, litur-
gi~al works, which are, as a rule, most carelessly kept, have
lasted in Nepal for more than seven centuries. Of these
Dasakarmapaddhati,oa work on the ten indispensablesacra-
menta, a short hand-book of an officiating priest, was copied
in 1176 A.D. See page 65, Noo 1536~. Viva.hakarma-:
samuccaya was copied in N.S. 233, i.e., 1118 A.D., see page
26, No. 938 v. These belong to the Twelfth century. To
the Thirteenth belong the following liturgical works, namely,
Anantavratavidhi, page 46, No. 1320 a copied in N.S. 405,
i.e., in 1285 A.D., Prati~tha. paddhati, page 77-78, No. 1638
~, copied in N.S. 896=1276 A.D. I may remark in passing
that Prof. Bendall has not taken notice of this date of Ananta-
malla's reign, which will throw back that king's reign by
three years. In his list, History of Nepal, &c., &c., page 25,
the earliest date of Anantamalla is 399 N.S. But this MS.
gives the date 396 N.S. Another liturgical work of which few
ever take any care, i.e., a work on the Sandhya., which is
always committed to memory, namely Sandhya.-vidhi, page
45, No. 1320 v, is dated N.S. 401 = 1281 A.D. A fourth
work, on Pa.rval)a Sra.ddha, i.e., on the propitiation of the
manes in the full and the new moon, page 20, No. 772,'1, -was
copied in La. [alp. 170_~ or about 1290 A.D. A careful search in
the private Libraries of Nepal may yet bring to light more
dated MSS. of this nature.
Of the more important works, Karmakriya.-ka.l).~a by
Somasambhu, pages 49 and 95, No. 1861 er, was copied in N.S.
326, i.e.,1206A.D. The work was composedin-1073,see Cat.
Cat, Vol. I, p. 83A., and Biihler's KaSmira Report, p. 77. - It
Xii PBE'AOE.

is a ritualistic work of the Baiva sect. The author was a dis-

ciple of Siva, who was the disciple of VimaieSa, the disciple
Gona, a: Saiva saint. The work is on the daily and other
rites of the sect.
Sugatisopanam, pages 20 and 181, No. 772 v, by GaQea..
vara, was known only in quotations, see Cat. Cat. V 01. I. p. 724A.
The MS. was copied at Lalita Pattan by a Maithila scribe,
',fhal.t.tmra Sri Mati i!Jarma in La. Sa111. 224, about 1340 A.D.
The ,date of composition therfore must be earlier. The author
describes himself as Maharajadhiraja, of which country is not
known. I may here throw out a conjecture that he was a
king of Mithila before the commencement of the rule of the
Srotriya dynasty. He was assisted in his work by his great
minister Devaditya, the minister of peace and war. It is a
longish work on Sinrti.
The next SIprti MS. of great antiquity is the Sridatta-
paddhati, pages 45 and 129, No. 1320 tI. It was copied in
La. Saql 299, i.e., about 1414 A.D. by Dhanesvara who was
settled at Khaera by Mahopadhyaya Nara. It was composed
a. few years earlier by Sridatta, the son of Nagesvara, a
Par;lCJit honoured in the court of Raja Devasilpha, the eldest
son of Bhavesa, the third King of the Srotriya dynasty. The
real name of the work is Ekagnidanapaddhati. This may
also be .A.vasathya.dhanapaddhati ; see Cat. Cat. p. 668B.
The author is styled Mahamahopadhya.ya and A.vasathya, i.e.,
the performer of Avasa.tha sacrifice. . The performance of
sacrifices often gives the names to different BrahmaQa fa.milies.
The work deals with the great gifts known as Mahadanas,
which form the subject of the next MS.
Mahadananirl}aya, pages 36 and 122, No. 1124 a, is
by Vacaspati, or more correctly by Raja. Bhairavendra with the
assistance of Va.caspati. The MS. was copied in La. SaJP.
392) about 1506 A.D. The work is not given in the list of the,
author's works in Cat. Cat. page 559B. Professor Bendall
makes this work one of the basis for his chronology. of the
Maithila Kings. It is curious, however, that Bhairavendra is
 PR.JAOE.

called Rllpa.nlii'~yal}a here, while he is styled Barin~r~y8.l}a in

p. '76A., Br. Mus. Cat. .
A MS. of higher antiquity than the Mah~d~na is the
Vratapaddhati, page 73, No. 1583 q. It was copied in La.
Salp. 344, about 1458A.D., by Sudh~dhara. For other notices
of this work see Cat. Cat. V 01. I, p. 580B aud V 01. Ill, p. 129B.
The author is Rudradhara of Mithila. He may be Rudradhara,
the disciple of Cal}<jesvara and the author of so many Candri-
k~s on Srprti. In that case he must have flourished later
than 1324 A.D. the age of Cal}<jesvara. -
The Maithila work on Smrti, next in antiquity, is Daua
V~ky~valI by Vidy~pati. It is represented in the Nepal
collection by two MSS., namely, pages 25 and 45, Nos. 910 ..
and 1320 ~ copied in La. Sarp. 512 and 395 respectively.
From Raja, Mitra, No. 812, we know that a work of the
SaIpskaras was dedicated by the author to one Ratnapal}i in
La. Sarp. 371. There are various works of the same name,
D~na-v~kyavalI, by various authors, many of which have
recently been acquired by me for the Bengal Government.
Both the MSS. are mere fragments, the more ancient one
has only 29 leaves.
Vividhavidyavicaracatura is a complete MS. on the propi-
tiation of angry divinities and bringing about prosperity. It
treats of ten thousand, hundred thousand and million homas,
&c. It is attributed to Bhojadeva and is a paddhati. The
work ends with the consecration of tanks, ponds and wells; Bee
page, 65, No. 1536 tg. The MS. was copied by Subhapati
under the command of Gadadhara Deva, the Prince of Mithila,
probably the son of Ramabhadra ip. the town of Ratnadhara,
in La. Satp 872. 'fhe author Bhojadeva does not appear to
have been a royal personage. He is neither the Bhoja of
Dhara nor of Nepal.
Smrti-paribh~a, page 32, No. 107'7 ifi, by Varddham~na,
oopied in La. SaIp. 388, by Padmakara and Madhava Barma in
the village of Naho~a. Vardhamaua, who appears to hav~
been [a judge' at the court of Raja Ra.mabhadra of Mithila,
 PREFA.OE.

and who wrote several works on Smrti, wrote two on the

teohnioal terms of Smrti, namely, Paribh~aviveka and
SmJ'tipal'ibha~a (Raj, Mitra, No. 1848).
Vivadaoandra, page 45, No. 1280 a', by Misaru Misra.
See Raja. Mitra No .. 1859, where it is said to have been com-
posed by Lak,mi MahiidevI, the wife of Raja Candra Simha of
Mithila, with the assistance of Misaru MiSra. The Prinoe Can-
dra Sitpha does not appear in any a~thentio list of the Srotriya
Rajas of Mithila. But Misaru mentions him. He may have
reigned in a part of the kingdom, as Aufreoht, quoting all the
six introduotory verses of this work, makes him the son of
DarpanarayaQa, the son of HarasiIpha, the son of Bhaveaa.
It may be said in passing that the identifioation of Harasitpha
with HarisiIpha, the invader of Nepal, is most unfortunate,
beoause the invader was a K~atriya So.ryyava!pSI while Hara-
sirpha wa.s a Srotriya Raja.
Vivadaratnakara, by Cal.ldeBvara, and Vividanir~aya, per-
haps Vivadaointamal)i, by Vaoaspati, in this oolleotion are
well-known works often described by competent scholars.
NirJ;layarka, by SrI Kr~~arama, page 199, No. (2) 73, is a
work composed in Nepal under the patronage of Gorkha
King Maharajadhiritja Rajendra Vikrama during the middle
of the last century. The author quotes from Krtya-ratna-
van, Kalamadhava, Nir~ayamrta, Nir9ayabdhi and so on.
In the Colophon the work has been attributed to the patron
Rajendra Vikrama.
For Dvaita-nirJ;laya, by Vaoaspati, pp. H6 and 90, Nos.
1648 1f, and 12 of the new collection, see preface to Vol. 11.
Notices of Sanskrit MSS., Second Series.
Sarojakaliki, in Bengali character, by Kaviratna, p. 33,
No. 107745, is a complete compilation of Smrti. Raja. Mitra,
No. 2014, thinks it to be a very ancient compilation as it does
Dot seem to quote from any compiler. The name of the
author seems to indicate that he was a Bengali. The present
palm-leaf MS. is a mere fragment.
Dharmasara, page 198, No. 1413, by Puru,ottama, is a
 PBJiI'A.OE~

unique work copied in Saka 1607 =1685 A.D. It is a long

work on Smrti compiled from various works, Pural)8s and
Smrti. The author styles himself Jyotirvid, and prefaces his
work with the praise of Vyasa. and the puraQas.. He intro-
duces the puranas into the compilation of a work on Dharma
with a long apology-a fact, from which he seems to have been
one of the earliest writers to utilise the Pura:r;ms for the
purpose of illucidating smrti texts. The scribe, Bala Bhadra
and his son, were inhabitants of Mithila, though. the MS.
is written in Nagara and dated in the Saka Era.
Dharmatattvaprakasa., page 192, No. 1500, by Siva~
Caturdhara, son of Govinda SUri, son of NIlakaQtha, son of an-
other Govinda. The family seem to have come from Prati~
thana or Paithana near the Godavari. The author was born at
Benares. He composed the work in Saka 1668. The Ca;tur-
dhara family is still flourishing at Benares as a family of
learned men. There are four MSS. of this work in the Benares
College Library. See page 268B, V 01. I. Cat. Cat.
Dana-vakya-samuccaya by Yogisvara, pages'74, andl05,
No. 1606 'Ii, gives the formulre for making gifts and incidentally
treats of the propitiation of angry planatory deities. This
seems to be a very ancient compilation, as it has been qqoted
in the Bhoja-deva-salp.graha, copied in Sake SaIp.vat 1297.
The MS. of Dana-vakya-samuccaya in the Darbar Library
was copied in N.S. 848, though curiously enough it is said to
be written in Nagara character.
Danapradlpa, page 185, No. 1238, by Madhava, is unique~
The MS. is incomplete. The author is daubed Mahamaho-
padhyaya. He is the son of Vi~~u-sarma, the son of Rama,
son of Drudhana (?), son of N arasiIp.ha, regarded as a bearded
Sarasvati, the son of Vasudeva, who was by Raghava, Kirig
of TraivarI;1ya KaraQapura in Guzerat, brought from SVlIp.ganl-
Ip.dadhi and settled at Tolakirya. Hence his clan obtained
the surname of Tolakiryya. The work treats of such gifts as
those of cities, &c.
TithyadinirQaya, by PadmanAbha, page IB4. No. 1294.
 PBJIIP40JII.
.
character Naga,ra, copied in N.S 8~7 = 1707 A. D. is unique.
The author is daubed Upadhyaya and wrote his work at
Benares. The work should rather be called Pretakrtya-
nir1}.aya than TithyadinirI,;1aya, of which it professel:l to be a
part. The latter is a big compilation entitled YogI,vara
Sarpgraha. Padmanabha seems to have composed that volume
of it which treats of Pretakrtya in two parts, one entitled
Pretakarmamahar1}.ava and the other includes Dasakriya,
Avasathyapreta.auca and the visit to holy men. The pre-
sent MS. contains both these parts. Is Yogisvara mentioned
here the same as the author of Danavakya-samuccaya P
Krtyakalpataru by Lak:~mldhara, son of Hrdayadhara and
Foreign Minister to Maharaja Govindacandra of Kanauj, whose
reign extended from 1115 to 1143 A.D. (See M. Duff., p. 288).
Page 62, No. ) 508 ~ notices an incomplete MS. in N ewari char-
acter. The work has been described by Eggeling, p. 409B.
The MS. therein desoribed belonged to Vidyanivasa, who is
wellknown.as the father of Visvanatha Tarkapancanana, the
author of Bh~a pariccheda. It was copied by a Kayastha,
o 1 5 1
named Kavlcandl'a, for him in the VyomendusarasItarpsumite
Sake, i.e., in Saka 1510=1588. This settles the date of
Vidyanivasa who was a Banerji and resident of Navadvlpa,
and along with his, that of his son, the author of Bha.aparic-
cheda.
.lcaradIpaka, by Ga.ygavi~l~u, page 153, No. 1500, is an
unique compilation of .lcara, a part of Smrti. The author
gives his own genealogy and a genealogy of his patron Tri-
vikrama. The author is the son of J ayadeva, son of Rama-
bhadra, belonging to Gautamagotra. Th~ geneology of the
patron Trivikrama is as follows : -
 PREFACE. xvii
MUKUNDA.
I
BhrligI.
I
( A

Hambira the Adi

I
'l'ulii. the Muk-
Mahidhara or the hyal) or chief
founder of a dy- King.
nasty at Tri!i-
Toga. I
Pratipa,
a Yuvaraja.
I
( I
Dayalu Raja. Damodara.
I
Digvijaya.
I
Kiimarija Datta.
I
Trivikrama,
'l'he Patron of t.he Author.

Some of the passages in this account are so obscure that

I have been obliged to put interpretations on them very
different from those by Prof. Bendall. The MS. was copied in
Saka 1674=1752 A.D. by Sivadharma and Bhuvanesa. The
work treats of all the principal topics connected with '!cara.
Prati~thatattva by Raghunandana, in Bengali character,
page 65, No. 1536 El, is one of the 28 books of the writer's
great digest, the standard smrti of Bengal. It was composed
during the latter half of the sixteenth century. It quotes
from Haribhakti-vilasa of Gopala Bhatta composed in 1562.
The present MS. was copied in Sapta traya-patri-tarakadhiSai~
SaIiketite Sakabde, i.e., 1537 Saka= 1615 A.D. .
Pretamanjari, page 218, No. 1169, is dated N.S. 827 =
1707 A.D. It treats of the last rites of man. It is neither the
same work as the Pretamaftjari by Dyadu Misra, Ulwar 1403,
nor the same as Ulwar 801.
Brahmal}arthaprakasa, page 218, No. (2) 112 gives the
meaning of the word BrahmaI;la. It is a unique work by Hara-
datta. There is a curious expression in the MangalacaraQa,
namely Ta1'P guruIp Saradariipalp Namami Puru~ottamaIp.
3
 PREFAO.E.

It seems that the llame of the author's guru was Pu~ottama,

and that he is identified with KaIl.
Madana-ratna-pradlpe prayascittodyota, page 223, No.
1286, is part of a complete digest of religi~us and civil law of the
Hindus, compiled by Visvanatha, a Gurjjara of the SrlmalI
clan, inhabitant of Benares. His father was Satta. SrImala,
the small kingdom, of which the poet Magha's grand-
father was the chief minister, sarvadhikarI, gives its
name to a very influential section of Gurjjara Brahmal)as.
The author Visvanatha belonged to that section. Professor
Bendall supposes that Madana SiIpha Deva, the patron, or as
the authors are pleased to style him, the compiler, of this
work belonged to Gorakpur-Camparana. But the India Office
Catalogue, page 537A, makes him- a king of Delhi. This may
sound strange to historical ears. But in 1412 died Mahmud
Togluk who abolished the Empire, gave up sitting on the throne,
coining money, and the city and the province fell a prey to
Afghans and Rajputs alike. Madana Si1l1ha appears to have
been an influential Rajput chief in the province and he invited
four great Pal)Qits of his time to compile a Smrti digest.
These are Ratnakara Misra, Gopinatha, Visvanatha and
Ga:iJ.gadhara Bhatta. The work is divided in 7 uddyotas of
which the present MS. contains the fourth, that dealing with
Prayascitta. And it has been done by Visvanatha alone.
The statement in the India Office Library Catalogue
takes out Sakti SiJpha, from the Camparal)a genealogy
doubtingly placed there by Prof. Bendall and places him in
Delhi.
Vijasaneyinamahoratragrita-dharma-nibandha, page 47,
No. 1820 (l;, is an incomplete copy of a Smrti work on the
daily rites of the professors of the white Yajurveda. It be-
gins with an invocation to Vi~l)u.
. VIramitrodaya, by Mitra Migra, Vyavaharakit;t4a only,
page 251, No. (2) 65. For the date and time of Mitra Misra
see pp. 438-441 and p. 371 of the India Office Library Cata-
logue.
 PREFACE: XIX

Sivaratrividhanam, page 62, No. 1608 _, derives its

authority from the PadmapUral)a.
Saptamlvratakatha, p. 84, No. 1645 ~, copied in N.S.
508= 1888 A.D. Kathas are stories in Sanskrit generally in
Anullltubh verses proclaiming the great efficacy of any vrata..
They are very common in N ort,hern India. The discovery of
this MS. proves their antiquity.
Sarasarpgraha, p. 48, No. 1380 C(, wascopiedinN.S. 375=
1255 A.D. It is a part of an unknown work entitled Veda.
Vaillll)ava-siddhanta rahasya, that is, a work written with the
object of reconciling the Vedas with V ai~l)aVa doctrines, and it
treats of such topics as laklllahoma in nine chapters. It seems
to indicate a stage in the process of Tantrika Vai,.t;Iavism
being incorporated into Hinduism.
VajasaneyinaIp Vivahadipaddhati, by Ramadatta, p.
80, No. 1634~. rrhe author is the son of Gal)e~vara, the son
of Devaditya. [See supra Sugatisopanatyl.] Devaditya and his
son Vlresvara were the ministers of peace and war to an
unknown kingdom, probably Mithila. The work pertains
to the white Yajur Veda, and treats of the ceremonies to
be performed by the professors of that Veda. Ramadatta,
and his father GaQesvara are described as mahattakas
or noblemen. In Raja. Mitra No. 1169, Rama-datta is
said to follow Vacaspati Misra the great Maithila lawgiver.
rrhe MS. is written in Maithila character and dated in La.
Satyl. 414. These considerations lead me to infer that the
author was a Maithila. But the work is held in high respect
by the Yajur-vedis all over Northern India.. As the matter
stands, if Rama-datta writes a Paddhati based on Vacaspati's
digest, the date given at the end of the MS. may refer to com
position and not to copy. Theodore Aufrecht has changed
the name of this work into Vivaha paddhati, p. 580B. Vol. I,
Cat. Cat. But he has no authority for it.
Agastyavratavidhanatyl, p. 52, No. 1863 'I speaks of
the process of worshipping Agastya, the great I;l,i. .
Ekadaiu-vrata-mahatmyarp, p. 80, No. 1008 and p. 414,
xx PBEPAOlt

No. 1280 w. The first was copied inN.S. 558, and the second
in N .S. 400, during the reign of .A.nandamaJladeva a.t the
temple of PaSupati. Both are in N ewari character.
Ekadasi-vrata-vidhanaIp, p. 70, No. 1559 lIP, is in Newari
character.
Kal)vayal,.1asri.ddha vidhi1;t, p. 45, No. 1820, a, in N ewari
character, treats of the Sri.ddha of the professors of the
Ka~vaiJakha of the white Yajurveda.
Durgarcanaka!pataru, p. 187, No. (2) 110, by Lak,mipati
Sarma, in Nagara character. Complete. Unique. It was com-
posed under the patronage of N avarat Raghuni.th, the Bon
of Yuvarat R~bhima Shaha, son of Knl,.1a Varmi., during
the reign of Ra~a Bahadur Sh~h, the Gorkha king of N epa!
(1777-1799), who is described as having overrun Cina,
Mithila, Kamarupa, Ailga, V anga, Kaliilga, Kuru, Yaru,
Yavana. The author is entitled Daivajfia Sirom~i and was
the son of Kr~nanda.
KiIamadhava-kariki.-vyikhyanatp, p. 160, No. 1294,
by Vaidyanatha Stiri, son of Bhatta Ri.macandra of Benares,
is a commentary on Ki.riklts based on the work of Mldhavl-
carya on the determination of time for religious ceremonies,
entitled Kalanirl,.laya, commonly called Kilamltdhava. This
has been published in the Bibl. Ind. The authorship of
the Ki.rikas is unknown. Vaidyanatha, the commentator, be-
longed to the wellknown Payga~~e family of Benares.
KuSal}~ika is the common homa. for all ceremonies. It
is perhaps the shortest homa known. A work on this is to
be found in p. 56, No. 1478, ..
Caturthi-Vidhi1;t, p. 80, No. 1684 8, describes the cere-
monies to be performed on the 4th day after marriage. V~u
pratitthlt-vidhi1;t, p. 52, No. 1868 w, is incomplete and has 85
leaves only.
Vyavahlrapradipa, p. 258, No.1412, by KfflPl. is an ele-
mentary workon Rstromony as applied to Smrti. This is to be
differenciated from Kalyi.J;18. Varml's work, and also from
Padma-nlbha MiSra's work on the same subject and of the
 PREFAOE. . ...
";- ";'

same na.me. The author says that in Jyot~a, Tantras, Sid-

dhantas and Vaidyaka, the meaning only and not grammati-
cal inaccuracies are to be taken into consideration.
Suddhadipika, .p. 255, No. 1500, isa liturgical work of
no value, by Durga Datta. The author seems to have abridg-
ed a work entitled Prapaiicasara, an unknown smrti work,
and treated of the proper method of repeating the GayatrI.

MEDICINE.

Carakasaqlhita, p. 86, No. 1648 JJ, in Newal'i charac-

ter. The description of this MS. has not been given in the
Catalogue, but from my notes I find that it was copied in
N.S. 803 = 1183 in the reign of Ratnadeva. In this case the
year is given both in figures and in words Saqlvatsaranam
trayodhika ~atatrayaql .A.:gke + + Samvat 803 Caitra Sudi
Somadine. It was copied by a Srivastava Kayastha Pa.l)Qita
named Ratnapala who came from Jejabhukti or Jejhauti the
cradle of Ca.l)Qela power in Bundelakha!;lQa. The grantha-
saqlkhya is given as 12,686.
One hundred and twenty chapters were spoken by.Itreya
to .A.gnivesa. Then it was revised by Caraka. But even
then it was not complete by a third. So Df<Jhabala of Panca-
nadapura completed it after propitiating Saqlkara.
The medical tradition of ihis school seems to have begun
in the Vedic times. .A.gnivesa compiled the tradition about
the period of the rise of Buddhism, for among the numerous
Buddhist sects before .A.soka we find one founded by an .A.gni-
vesa. Caraka, whose name the school bears, only revised
it, and this Caraka may well be the medical man in the
court of Kani~ka, the Indo-Sythian King, as Professor
Sylvain Levy surmises, from Chinese sources. Dr<Jhabala's age
it is difficult to settle. But I will hazard a conjecture, that he
wrote when the last Hindu dynasty was reigning in the
Panjab. The M.S. is complete and it bears a date before the
Muhammadan conquest of Hindustan. The work has been
several times printed in Calcutta.
un PREFAOE.

Cikitsamrta, p. ] 70, No. (3) 76 (see Report, page 9). The

work is nearly complete, the first leaf only is missing, the first
leaf as given in this MS. contains the preamble of a work on
Materia Medica in which the author expresses his dissatis-
faction with previous works on the subject, some being too
small, some too difficult and so forth.
Nidanalp, p. 70, No. 1559 "it. From my notes I find that
the MS. contains a few leaves only and they treat of the
K~udraka-roga-nidanal11. It was copied in N.S. 571= 1451
A.D.
NIlakal)\hasa:qlgraha, p. 200, No. 1185, is a work on
Hindu medicine by Nilakat;l\ha, the son of Narahari and Savi-
trI, belonging to the Vaidya caste. 0 ne of his remote ancestors
was 'fripuraridhana a Mahopadhyaya. His uncle was 8r1-
dhara of the Dhanvantari gotra. 'fhe MS. is a Physician's
Vade Mecum.
Yogasara, p. 235, No. 1137, by Nagarjjuna. The first
seven leaves of the MS. are missing. In leaf No. 106 occurs
the statement Iti Nagarjjunakrte Yogasare Sri + + +
cikitsa. The MS. is incomplete at the end too. The
work is a very ancient one and is attributed to the great
Nagarjjuna, the founder of the Mahayana school.
Yogaratnasa111graha~, p. 35, No.Il13~, by Puru~ottama
Datta of the Vaidya caste. Tlie MS. was copied in the Saka
year 1586 on the full moon day of the month of Magha on
Tuesday. Sumati-jayajitamitramalladeva of Nepal made
a gift of this MS. in N.S. 810=1690 A.D. The work has
240 leaves written in Maithila character, though the state-
ment of the gift at the end is in Nagara ak,ara.
Rasahrdaya~, p. 239, No. (3)118, by Govinda Bhagavat.
It is a work on Hindu Chemistry, and Dr. P. C. Ray thinks it
is one of the most ancient works on the subject. The work is in
the form of a Tantra, being divided into 21 Patalas. Buddistic
gods and Bodhisattvas are mentioned in this work. After
the colophon there is a statement that Dhana~it obtained this
work from a worshipper of Narayat;la.
 PREFACE. XXlll

Visvanathaprakasa, p. 24, No. 845~, was considered rare

even in Nepal when Lawrence compiled his list of rare MSS.
in that country. The MS. contains 447 leaves.
In p. 90 is mentioned a MS. with 180 leaves, being
No. 14 of the new collection made by Maharaja Sir Vir
Sumsher Jang Bahadur, on the medical science. rfhere are
no colophons in this work, and from the verses quoted in the
Catalogue, it appears to be a medical compilation, one of the
verses being the opening verse of the Madhavanidanarp. But
that verse had long become the common heritage of medical
men in India and is found in many medical works.
SarottaranighaQ,tu, p. 37, No. 11l4li. The MS. has leaves
missing in the middle. There are 179 slokas. It is a work on
synonyms in the medical science. The MS. begins and ends
in Buddhist fashion. The opening verse is the same as that
of Madhavanidana. It was copied in N.S. 200, i.e., in ]080
A.D. The author's name is lost by a lacuna, but he is de-
scribed as .Icaryavarya.
No. 1114, in pp. 36 and 130, seems to contain two works, one
incomplete in the earlier and the other in the latter part. The
two works are by two brothers Ravigupta and Vi~Q,ugupta, both
sons of Durgagupta. Vi~l}.ugupta's work appears to be a
nighaQ,tu, Siddhasara nighal}.tu, noticed in p. 86, and the other
work Siddhasarasarphita by Ravigupta is on general medical
science. The number of leaves 95 and the extent in slokas
1212 both refer to the combined MS. The date of the copy
and reign of the king are both lost by lacuna.
A complete copy, however, of Ravigupta's Siddhasara
sarphita is noticed in the Catalogue under the name of
simply Sarasamgraha, in page 21, No. 787. It is complete in
24 adhyayas, the last chapter being on poisons. It was
copied in N.S. 494= 1374 A.D. The authors of both these
works seem, from the terms in which the MailgalacaraQ,a has
been couched, to have been Buddhists.
ToJalananda, p. 181, No. (2) 326, is a medical compila-
tion made under the patronage of ToJala Malla, the Finance
 xxiv PREFAOE.

Minister of Akbar. [See infra Horasukha.] This wall one of

the works reported by the PaI)Jits of Nepal to Major Law-
rence as rare. The present work begins with an obeisanQe
to Dhanvantari and the Asvinas. The compilers consulted
works of Kuntisuta. and others. Kuntisuta appears to be
N akula who is credited with the authorship of a veterinary
work entitled Asvacikitsita which has been published as a
, supplement to the Asvavaidyaka in the Bibl. Ind. From the
statement in this MS. it appears that N akula is said to have
written a work on medicine too. The present MS. is in three
chapters.
Ni~iparlk,a, p. 198, No. (8) 76, was composed by Rima-
candra Somayajin, son of Sarprat Agnicit Somayijin, in
Same 1405, [See Rep. p. 10.] The author seems to have been
an inhabitant of Orissa [See Rep. p. 15.] and credited with
the compilation of a smrti work. The present MS. was copied
in Samvat 1778.
Veterinary.-Asvavaidyakalll p. 151, No. 1161, by
Dipankara, has already been fully described in my Report,
page 10. The author was the son of Nanakara and the
grandson of Nidhanakara, a V aidya bV caste, belonging to the
Kantara vasinI Gli. Dlpailkara, nay, his family appears to have
been Buddhists~ The MailgalacaraI;la, though it beginf! with the
word Siva, does not appear to be an obeisance to god Mahi-
deva, as the word Siva appears to be an adjective to Sarvajiia,
and the next hemistitch "Ta.jjiia~ kimapi yam vidu~"
stamps him as Buddha. The author boasts that his hairs
were coloured with the dust of the lotus feet of Dipankara
who may be a Buddha, a Bodhisattva or a great Bhik,u, but .
he cannot be a Hindu deity. The simile Buddha~ Suddho-
danadiva' is also Buddhistic. Few Hindus will have recourse
to such a simile. The work is said to be in 90 chapters and the
extent in slokas, is 1300. The author makes his praI;lima to
Salihotra, the founder of the Veterinary art and to his
disciples~ He consulted previous works Op'- the subject, and
his practice was of great use to him.' , ,
 PREFACE.

ASVlyurveda, page 151, No. 765, by Ga.l}a. The }fS~-.

incomplete. It is like the previouB work, a compilation from.
SlLlihotra, Garga and others. .
Yogamaiijari, p. 233, No. 816, compiled by Vardhamiina
under the orders of VililLla, a minister. The father of the
author was .lclLrya JiilLnapati, probably a Buddhist minister.
VililLla belonged to the reign of King Narendra Malla of Nepal
who ruled by the middle of the seventeenth century.
Sarasarpgraha, p. 265, No. 816, by Indusena or Indra.-
sena, who styles himself as a MahlLrlLjlLdhirlja and Man-
darendra and whose Viruds Rilpa,nlLrayaJ)a, &c., show that he
was one of the BrahmaQa rlLjas of North Bihara or connected
with them. It is a short work and was composed in sa.ka.
1734 or 1812.
ASTRONOMY.

Ari~tanavanita-vyakhya, p. 148, No. 1806, in Newari

character. It is a commentary on the astrological work
entitled Ari~tanavanita by Navanitanarttanakavi, who selected
all matters relating to Ari~ta, or evil influence of planets,
from the HorlL slLstra, which means principles of Astro-
logy learnt from the Greeks. The present work is a commen-
tary on Navanita narttana's work by Srldhara (see Catalogue of
Ulwar MSS. No. 1711, Extract No. 452). 8ridhara is quoted
twice by BhlL~karacaryya in his BijagaJ}ita. Copied in N.S.
800=1680.
GaQakamaJ}(Janarp p. 163, No. 1412, by Nandikesvara,
son of Vedailgaraya, in Nagara character, is an elementary .
treatise on astronomy as applied to Smrti. The MS. is incom-
plete. (See Cat. Cat. Vol. n. p. 28A. See also Peters IV, p. 44.)
The genealogy of the author is thus given in Peterson's extract.
In the Gurjara country there is a Brahminic settlement na~ed .
Sristhala. There was a BrlLhmaJ)a there named Ratna. Bha.t~
whose son was Tigala Bha~ta. His son was Malajit who ob-
tained from Shalt J ehan, Emperor of Delhi, the title of VedlLJ;lga
RlLya. His son N andik eSvara wrote this work for pleasing his
41
xxvi PREFACE.

father. The author consulted among other works Muhiirta-

cintamal}i, GaJ.1akabhu~l}a, Ratnamala, J oytirvidabharal}a,
Sajjana~ballabha and Trivikramasata. Vedanga Raya wrote
the ParaS} prakasa in 1648 A.D.
Goloddesa, p. 165, No. 1167, by Damodara. '!'heMS. is
copied in Nagara character in N.S. 830=1710 A.D. This is au
attempt to reconcile Astronomy with" the PUral}as. The
author quoting from Garga and othere says that Yudhi~thira
era will remain extant for ;3,044 years. Then will!commence
the era of Vikrama and remain current for 135 years. 'fhen
the Saka era for 1830. Then will arise a king named
Nagarjjuna who, killing the Mlecchas, will initiate all era that
will last for 400,000 years. Then will King Dharmarat
start an era which will remain in force for 10,000 years.
Then when the world will be covered with Buddhists and
Mlecchas will come KalkI, and in 81 years he will destroy
them all.
This is an elementary treatise 011 astronomy having a
few chapters on Astrology. Unique.
GrahadarpaJ.1a, p. 166, No. 1412, by Gaurisvara, is based
on the Silryyasiddhanta. Unique. It says that the astrono-
mical era, that is, the Saka era, commenced after 8,179 years
of the Kali Yuga.
Grahaprakasa,p. 167, No. (2) 32, by Kaslnatha, composed
in Saka year 1735, the year of the birth of Rajendra V ikrama.
The author follows the system of Varaha Mihira and of Silrya
siddhanta. He consulted Brahma-siddhanta, Vas~tha-sid
dhanta, Siiryyasiddhanta, Tattvaviveka', Saurabh~ya and
other works.
CamatkaracintamaQi, p. 169, No. 1112, by ~~iis an astro-
logical work giving the effects of the rise, continuance and
setting of planets on the destiIJies of men. The MS. has not
been properly described elsewhere.
Jataka-paddhati-vyakhyanalll, p.178,No.1167 by Snryya-
dava Somayajin of Nirdhruva gotra, is an -unique commen-
tary on SrIpati's well-known worl, the J"atakapaddhati, for
 PREFACPJ". xxvii
which see Bhandarkar's Report for 1882-83, and Cat. Bik.,
p.338. The present MS. was copied 16i:S3 A.D.
JatakarQava, p. 179, No. 1578, by Varaha Mihira, is a
short work on horoscopy, copied in Newari, in N.S. 883=1763.
The MS. though it professes to be complete contains three
chapters only, namely:-
1. Grahamadhyadhikara.
2. Grahasphutadhikara.
3. 'rriprasnadhikara.
The third chapter in 1.0. MS. is chayadhikara, and the
last verse of the present MS. treats of the shadow of the
sun-dial at mid-day. The 1.0. MS. contains three more chap-
ters. The Trinity College MS. contains the second chapter
only. In the Durbar Library MS. the author is stated to be
Varaha Mihira.
Jaimiui-sntra-vyakhya, entitled Subodhin'i, p. 179, No.
(;J) 109, is a commentary by NilakaQtha on a work on horos-
copy in Siltra form, complete in four chapters divided in four
padas each, attributed to J aimini. The Sanskrit College Library
copy is defective in the beginning, while the MS. under notice
is complete to the end of the second chapter. The Sanskrit
College copy states that the work was composed in Saka 1676
in Nepal during the reign of RaQajit Malla Deva of the solar
dynasty, the last King of Bhatgio in Prof. Bendall's list.
'rhe Durbar Library copy contains in the second verse from
the beginning a statement that it was composed at the request
of Ra~labhuj, a King of the solar dynasty. Ral}.abhujand
Ranajit appear to be one and the same person. The author
.Nilakal}.tha is, therefQre, a person different from the author of
:the NilakaQtha Tajika. There is a complete copy of the
original Siltras of J aimini in the Asiatic Society in the
Government collection with a commentary.
J yotil;1sastralp, p. 20, No. 772 '11, appears to be a work on
divination in Sanskrit and Newari, compiled from various
sources by the observation of the positions of dogs, lions,
mules, snakes and elephants, &c., &c.
 PBEI'A.O.l.

Toljalananda, pp. 182-83, No. 1167, or Hora.sukha, by

TmJala Malla. The MS. was copied in Samvat 1689 =1583
A.D. in 'Nagara character. To<Jala Malla, the 'great Finance
Minister of Akbar, who is termed Maharajadhiraja here,
made several compilations, i.e., in Smrti, in Tantra, in Vaidyaka
and in astrology. The names of his compilations end in the
word sukha or saukhya. The present MS. is Horasukha or
Horasaukhya. It relates to Horasast.ra or Horoscopy. The
attempt was made, as the author says, to bring together in
one place, the substance of all such works as JatakasaIphitaby
Varahamihira. In the preface the author speaks of V asi~tha,
Bhrgu, Garga, ParaSara and others engaged in spreading
religion. Unique.
Nak,atrasaravali, p. 194, No. 1188, gives the description
of the various asterisms or nak,atras, the number and position
of stars in each and such other topics. It is a short work
in Newari character. Unique.
Patasara.Ifit1ka, p. 205, No. 1167, or rather Patasadhana-
tlkii, by Villvanatha Daivajiia, the son of Divakara Daivajiia, is
a com~entary OD the Patasaral.l1 by GaneSa Daivajfia, SOD of
Kellava. For the author and the commentator, see Bhandar-
kar's Report for 188288, p. 29, preface. It deals with the
rules for compiling Hindu almanacs. The initial year is 14"
&ka=1582 A.D.
PrasDottara.-ratnamalika, page 88, Xo. 1152 U, is a work
on fortune-telling from questions. It is on palm-leaf in Newa.ri
chara.eter, 14 leaves only.
PrasnottaravalI, p. 210, No. 1882. The MS. is in Newari
chara.cter copied in N .S. 52' = 14104 A.D. The author is Gal)&-
pati 8a.rmi, the son of Kamalapati and PadminI and the grand:
son of Haripati. It is a work on fortune-telling by means of
questions. The copyist is Devaiatpkara Barmi, the Bon of
Gaoapati, a resident at Svani~vanta.
B~~otpalara.tnama13, p. 229, No. 1188. This, is a mis-
,take of the scribe for Jyot~tnamila, by Srlpati, with a
commentary by Mahadeva. ,Mahideva's commentary seems
 PREFAOE.
XXIX

to be very much abridged in this work. (See Ulwar Catalogue,

extract No. 498.) The genealogy of the commentator is thus
given in the extract. 'l'here was in the family of Srijanyalaya. a
brahmaqa named Bandhuka, who was a friendof King KarJ}.a.
He had a son named Mahadeva who had three sons-Lii.l}iga,
Ama Barma and Ajayi. The last was a frieud of King Bhima.
Lii.l}iga's son Mahadeva, the commentator, wrote iil1l85 Saka=
1268. His grandfather Mahadeva wrote a commentary on
the Katantra grammar entitled Sphutasabdasiddhi.
~ HorapaddhatikalpavallI, Satfka, p. 278, No. (3) 10~.
The text is by Vittala belonging to ~r~.l}atrigotra, and the
commentary is by Rudra Jyotirvid, the son of Vidyakara.
Bhojadevasa111graha, pp. 8, 18, 34, 42, 86, 120, Nos.
226 WI, 619 ~, 1078 1F, 1206 w, 1648 is an abstract of Bhoja-
deva's great work on Astronomy-Astrology which again is based
on Varahamihira. Damodara, the author, consults the works
of YogHlvara and others, but he strictly follows the method of
Varahamihira. The work treats of the fortune-telling of kings
only. Professor Bendall says that the MS. in page 34 and
120 is the earliest work datedin a non-Nepalese era, namely,
Sake Sa:rpvat 1297.
M.a.yiiracitram, p. 89, Nos. 1176. and 1179 ..This isa
work on divination. It is written in the form of a dialogue be-
tween Garga and Bhaguri. The works known on the subject are
attributed either to Narada or to Varahamihira. The present
work is in the form of a Pura.l}a complete in eight chapters.
Yavanajataka, p. 40, No. 1180 IR. The work has been
fully described by me in Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal,
for 1897, in p. 310, also in my Report, page 8. But at
that time the colophons of the various chapters were not
drawn up. From a perusal of these in the present CatalolQIe it
appears that the Yavanas could divine at birth whether a new
born child would be a monk. This at first sight may appear
strange, but if the fact that among the missionaries .of Asoka,
.two were Bactrian Greeks be taken into consideration. it
would appear that Greeks in the outlying Provinces of their
xxx PREFACE.

Empire often became bhik~us of the Buddhist religion. I

take this opportunity of correcting two mistakes which in-
advertently crept into my Report. ]'01' V rhatjataka 'read
VJhat Sarphita and for 4,000 slokas read 4,OUO Indravajra
slokas. Some copies of the Yavanajataka have, since the
publication of m~ Report, been found in the City of Benares, but
they are V rddha Yavana in 8,00U Indravajra slokas, and the
verse Iti svabha~aracanabhiguptarp does not occur in any
of these, and V rddhayavana described by Eggeling in p. 1096
1.0. Cat. is a quite different work from that in the Durbar
Library.
Yogayatra, p. 234, No. 505, by Varahamihira. The
present MS. is defective in the beginning. First four leaves are
missing. It is complete in 15 chapters, but many of them
do not agree with these in the 1.0. MHo, p. 1057 A.
Chapters in the present MS. Chapters in the 1.0. MB.
2. Acaradhyaya. 1. Daivapuru~akaradhyaya
3. Ahhiyogadhyaya. 2. Acaradhyaya.
4. Y ogadhyaya. 3. A.bhiyoga o.
5. Misrakadhyaya. 4. Yogadhyaya
6. Valyupaharadhyaya. 5. Misraka o.
7. Nak~atra snanadhyaya. 6. Valyupahara o.
8. Agninimittadhyaya. 7. N ak~atranimitta o.
9. Nak~atra Kaitabhani 8. Agni nimitta o.
10. Varilak~a1].adhyaya 9. Nak~atra Kaitabha o.
n. Hasti saladhyaya. 10. Asvace~titadhyaya
12. Hastigltadhyaya. 11. Prasthanaklya o.
13. MadakaraQadhyaya. 12. SrI sakunadhyaya.
14. AsvagItam. 13. Protsaha o.
15. Kha~galak~a1].ad1:tyaya. 14. Valotsaha.
Rantnakalapa, p. 286, No. 1578, is an elementary com-
pilation of Astronomy-Astrology by Vi{lJ;ludeva, the son of
SatyavatI and Raghunandana, grandson of Vasndeva and
a great-grandson of Ramadatta belonging to the Karambaha
family of the Vatsa gotra. Unique. Compiled in Saka.1568=
 PREFACE. xxxi
16416 A.D., copied by Mahadeva Daivajua m 1612 Saka, i.e.,
1690 A.D.
Sftrya-siddhanta-bhalilya, pp. 88 and 182, No. 1165 lB, is
known to Aufrecht in Buhler's Guzerat lists. The Durbar
Library copy describes the commentator as a Maithila, a
Somayajl and a Vajapeyl. It is in Maithila character. The
text and the commentary are both given, in the MS.
Horasastra1p, p. 411, No. 1206 CH, appears to be a work
different from that mentioned by Burnell 79a. This is the
Bame as Varahamihira's V rhajjataka (see Raj. Mitra, No.
~-t58). There are ten chapters in this incomplete MS. But
they are differently arranged from that given in Eggeling,
1098a-.
Kausalya-kusumavall, pp. 1~ and 101, No. 786 QI', by
Hajabrahma-varddhana, is in two parts. The first is com-
plete but the seeond defective at the end. (See Rep. p. 11.]
KhaJ)qakhadya, p. 89, No. 8, of the new collection, is
based on Aryabhatas theories. It is by Brahmagupta, son of
Ji~J)ugupta. He is said to have flourished in the beginning of
the seventh century. 'rhe MS. is complete and it was copied
in N.S. 470=1850 A.D.
Khanqakhadyat1ka, p. 26, No. 938 lB, and pp. 86 and
102, No 16418 'Ill, was composed by Srldatta in Nepal for the
use of the Nepalese Pal.lqits. It commences with the for-
mula for the reduction of the dates in the Saka era into those
)f the Nepalese era. For fi fuller description of the work see
Rep. pp. 11 and 12.
N avaratna, p. 195, No. 1166, by Damodara Bhatta, an
astronomical treatise with versified colophons, was composed
at Benares in Saka 1605. The author was the son of Janakl
and Raghunatha belonging to the Citpavana race, that is, the
race of Konkana brahmaJ)as to' which the Peswas of Puna be-
longed. 'rhe present MS. was copied by PurJ)ananda, the
astrologer to the king of Nepal, probably. a student of the
Huthor, in N .S. 806.
'rhe work is divided into mtnas or maJ)ikyas. The
xxxii PREFACE.

present MS. contains the J yoti~maJ;likya divided into five

prakagas of the first marlci. These are : -
Pancadisiddhi marlci prakasa
Drk-kheta siddhi " "
rrriprasna '" "
Parva. ""
GaJ},ita ""
Srlpati-paddhati Vyakhyana1l1, p. 18, No. 619 W, in
Nagara character, seems to be a commentary on the well-
known Jyoti,a work brought from India by the Gorkhas who
write in Nagara.
KAvYA.
Kiratarjunlyam, p. 18, No. 844 n, is a MS. in Maithila
character.
Kicakabadha Kavyam, p. 75, No. 1608 l), by Nitivarml.
See Raj. Mitra, Vol. lI, p. 57. Written in a highly artificial
style full of alliteration.
KumarasaIpbhava1l1, p. 12, No. 328, in Maithila charac-
ter, comes to the end of the seventh canto.
Nalacaritatlka, p. 91, No. 17, in the new collection by Sir
Vira Shamsher, in 1\.Iaithila character, by MantrIndra Haris-
vara. The commentator wrote a work in prose and verse on
the life of Vikramaditya. The commentary was completed
in the Saka year 1164=1242 A.D., and it appears to be one of
the earliest commentaries on the work 'which seems to be the
Nai~dhacarita, as it is complete in 22 cantos.
Na~adhacaritralJl, pp.12 and 87, Nos. 320, incomplete, and
1648 .. to the middle of the ninth canto. The latter is in
Maithila character.
Yaduvarpsa Kavya1p, p. 282, No. 1427, by KaSinatha.
Leaves 1-19, 24-29, 89-99 are missing. The father of the
author was Sarpkara and his mother RohiQi and he was a
BrlhmaQa. It q,ppears to be an imitation of Kalidasa's
Raghuva1psa and treats of the fa.mily of Yadus to which
KnlI}a belonged. It is a grammatical work of the na.ture of
 PREFACE.
...
XXXlll

Bhatti, the first canto giving examples of Oa.y a.nd the second
of Lay.
Raghuva.Ip.Sam, p. 21 and commentaries, pp. 12 and 81
being Nos. 772.-, 823, 1076 a, all in Newari character. The
commentary in both the numbers is Sobhana by Vaidya SrI-
garbhacandra; both incomplete.
Siso.palabadhatp, pp. 56 and 75,Nos. 1478. and 160811.
Sisiipalabadhatp, commentary, p. 72, No. 1588" on the
first and the sixteenth cantos.
Sisiipalabadhatp, commentary, Nir.Q.aya V rhaspati, p. 254,
No. 1420, by V rhaspati, a Be.Q.gali BrahmaQ.a of the Mahintapa
nlya glli of the Ra<}hlya class. He is therefore no other than
the well-known Rayamukuta. His Guru was Srldhara who
gave him the title of Misra. He was greatiy hono~red by the
King of Gau<}a. Re styles himself KavicakravarttI. The
MS. in paper was copied in N.S. 829=1709 by Brahmadeva
in Newari character. The commentary ends with the sixth
Canto.
Saundarananda Kavya1l1, p. 74, No. 1585 a, 8 leaves only.
Unique.
Bhaktavijaya Kavyam, p. 229, No. 1480, by Lalitavalla-
bha. The bhakta in this poem, composed in 108 verses, is
PrthvInarayaQ.a, the Gorkha conqueror of the Nepal Valley.
He was the great grandson of Prthv1pati, belonging to the
Somavatpsa. It was composed in tE!iIf.rMiiiE!lIIl~ i.e., in the
Saka year 1671. Prthvlnarayal,;la had four younger brothers,
Ji~Q.uprabbava, Dalamardana, Dalajit and Subha.
Haricarita Kavyam, pp. 75 and 184, No. 1608 ..., in Maithila
character, copied by Bhanukara in Saka 144. The poem is an
imitation of Nai~adhacarita on the adventures of Kr".Q.a, the 8th
incarnation of Vi"J}.u, complete in 18 cantos. The author Catur-
bhuja composed the work in 1415 Saka=1498 A.D. atRama.
keli, a suburb of GaucJ.a, the capial of Bengal, then ruled
by the Khojas and Rabsis, who were put down in 1494 by
Alallddhin Husain Shah. The author belonged to the Kasyapa
gotra, and the village from which his line of ancestors in that
. 5
xxxiv PREFACE.

gotra among the Varendra distribution of the Bengal

Brahmal.1as, derived their family title is Karanja. The theory
is that the five brahmal,;las from whom the Raqhlya and Varen-
dra brahmal.1as claim their descent, came in Gauqa in Veda-
val.1anga Sake, i.e., in 654 Saka, i.e., 654+ 78 =732 A.D., i.e., at a
time when the preachings of Kumarila wrought a great revolu-
tion among the Brahmal.1as and Brahminists in India. This
was just the time when Yasovarma was ruling in Kanoj with
Bhavabhiiti, the pupil of Kumarila, as his court Pal.1qit and court
poet. Tradition says that application was made by a -King
of Gauqa to the King of Kanoj for five Brahmal}aS to per-
form a Vedic sacrifice, and five men came to Bengal. Their
descendants settled on both sides of the Ganges and were in
course of time divided into RaQhlyas and Varendras.
Their descendants obtained 156 villages from local kings,
and these villages gave names to 156 families of brahmanas-
56 among the Ra;qhiyas and 100 among Varendras. 'Ne
have not as yet got any authentic record about the grants of
these villages. This work gives us the history of the grant
of the village of Karanja to Svarl.1arekha by Dharmapala (875-
900). In Svar.r.;tarekha's family was born Bhu.r.;tdu Xcaryya-
vara. His son was Divakara Xcaryya. In his family was
Nityananda ~avlndra who was an expert in the Mahabharata.
One of his descendants was the author of Smrtikaumudi who
got a son, named Siva Dasa, by worshipping SIva at Benares.
He had four sons-NarayaQa Misra Mantril}, Madhava
Pa,haka, Bhanu Sarma and the author Caturbhuja. When the
last was born his father wrote with a golden pen and with
honey a sloka on his tongue to the effect that he may be a
poet and so he was a poet.
LYRIC, &c., &c.
Gltagovinda, p. 16, No. 468 lfi, in Newari character, was
copied N.S. 616=1496 in the reign of Jayaraja Malla.
Gltapaiicasika, p. 16, No. 461, in Newari, dated Saka
1550=1628 A.D., was composed by Raja Jagajjyotirmalla.
 PREFAOE.

The MS. also contains two dramas in Newari by the same

royal author,viz., KunjaviharI and Kubalayasva.
GItamala, p. 74, No. 1584 a, songs in Newari.
Caurapancasika, p. 88, No. 1152 v, in Newari character.
Padyasamuccaya, p. 202, No. 1502, composed by Raja
Jagatprakasa Malla of Bhatgio, the grandson of Jagajjyotir-
malla, the literary king.
Meghadutarp, pp. 31 and 56, Nos. 1076 l; and 1478 (5, the
first in Newari and the second in Maithila, incomplete; the
former was copied in N.S. 484=1364 A.D. in the reign of
J ayarjjuna Malla.
Commentary to Ditto, p. 78, No. 1683 l;, incomplete, in
NQwari character.
Slokasarpgraha, p. 74, No. 1584 qr.
SlokasaraSall1graha, p. 259, No. 1429, collected and com-
piled by Jagajjyotirmalla, the King of Bhatgi, in Newari,
Sarpvat 746=1626 A.D., copied in N.S. 808=1688 A.D. One
of the poems IS Varanasya~tak.arp, another is Vairagya-
varQanarp.
DRAMAS, INDIAN.

Nagananda, p. 73, No. 1583 oq, is a well-known work by

SrI Har~a, the great king of Kanyakubja. The Prastavana
has many passages which are identical with those in RatnavalI
reputed to be by the same author.
The present MS. has the first three leaves missing. It is
copied in Newari character and the date is N.S. 488=1818
A.D. when king Jayananda was reigning.
Uttaracarita, pp. 12 and 69, Nos. 332 and 1537 oq. The
first is in Maithila and the second is in Nagara character.
Malatlmadhava, pp. 56 and 74, Nos. 1473 l; and 1585 ...
The first is dated N.S. 276=1156 A.D. It belonged to a
Buddhist monk Buddha-rak~ita. The other is copied in La.
Sarn. 469 .
. Anargha-raghava, pp. 74 and 81, Nos. 1588 i5 and 1634
. Both are in Maithila character and without date.
 PRE~.A,CE.

Pr~bodhacandrodaya, p. 64, No. 15341 w. The MS.

is in old hand-writing with only a few modern leaves. The
character is Newari.
Mudrarak~asa, p. 88, No. 1648 lIJ copied in Newari, in
N.S. 491=1871 A.D., at Lalitapura, by Gomendra Candraof
the school of the gem of writers when King Jayarjuna was
reigning. The MS. is complete.
It has a commentary entitled Mudraprakasa, p. 83, No.
1645 w, by Vatesvara l\tlisra, son of Mahamahopadhyaya
Gaurlpati in Maithila character. The MS. contains com-
mentary of the first and a second Ailkas and a portion of
the third.
KarpilramafijarI-natika, p. 45, No. 1261 11', copied in La.
Satp.858.
GaurIdigambara, p. 13, No. 382 if, by Sarpkara Misra.
(See notices. of Sanskrit MSS. Vol. XI, p. 12.)

DRAMAS, NEPALESE.

Amrtodaya-nataka, p.147,No. 1418, in NagarI character,

in Sa.tp. 1848 = 1792 A.D. This appears to have been com-
posed under the Gurkhas. For the contents of the work see
Report, p. 17.
Asvamedhanatakam, p. 149, No. 1617, by Sumati-Jita
mitra-deva in N.S. 810= 1691 (see Report, page 18).
Gitadigambara, pp. 18 and 108, No. 882 1Ii, by Vatpsa-
maJ)i, the son of Ramacandra of the Vilvapanca race of Mai-
thila BrahmaJ)as. Vatpsamal}ilived in Nepal and wrote this
wor~ on the occasion of a Tulapuru~dana by Pratapa Malla
Deva of Kathmandu in the Saka year 1577 = 1655 A.D. It
is in imitation of Jayadeva's Gitagovinda. But it has a hymn
to the united form of Hara and Pa;rvati in Hindi which has a
ring ~f Tulasidasa who died of plague in 1624 A.D.
It was composed to entertain the Princes and Pal}4itas
assembled to see the Tulapu_l'Ufadana in which the King in
his armours weighs. himself against. go~d and other precious
 u
XX:X;Vll

metals and gives them away to Br~hmaQas. Pratapa was

himself a poet and his A,ta,kas are be to found in all the holy
places in Nepal inscribed at prominent places on stone. It is
meet that on an auspicious occasion like this he should
encourage a Sanskrit dramatic performance.
Dhllrttasamagama, p. 66, No. 1536, by Jyotirisvara
surnamed Kavisekharacaryya.. His grand-father was Rames-
vara and his father was Dhirasi:rpha. They belonged to the
clan of Mahisasana and he was the lord of the village named
Pallijanma. He is called Abhinava Bharata. This is signi-
ficant. It is known from Report, p. 23, that he was the author
of a semi-vernacular work entitled VarQana-ratnakara, giving
tite poetic conventions of his age.
He was contemporary with Harisirpha of Simraon (1324)
who defeated a Sultan (Suratrami), and the work was re-
presented immediately after the conclusion of peace. This
appears to be a comedy.
PalJdavavijaya, p. 19 and 115, No. 694 'QI', by JayaraQ.a
Malla Deva, the husband of Nathalla Devi, the rightful heir to
the throne of Nepal and the son of Vijaya Malla (see historical
preface by Pro. Bendall). This is also called Sabhaparba
nataka, from which it appears to represent the event of
the Sabhaparva of the Mahabharata.
Bhairavananda-natakam, p. 84 and 119, No. 1078 v, by
MaQika, the son of Rajavardhana who, by the boon of
Natesvara, was an expert in dramaturgy. This appears to be
a secular drama, the hero being Bhairava and the heroine
Madanavati, a celestial damsel cursed by a ~,i to become a
ma;n-q~l. The drama was enacted on an appropriate occasion,
namely, the marriage of Jayadharma Malla Deva, the son of
Jayasthiti Malla by Rajalla Devl. About this King and
his literary tastes see Appendix by Professor Bendall, pp. 11-
14. He came apparently from Mithila, a place of learning,
and so he had cultivated a fine literary taste for the display
of which his new position as Kin~ of Nepal afforded him
ample opportunities. The birth ceremony of his son" the
xxxviii PREFACE.

same Dharma Malla, was celebrated by the performance of a

four-act Ramayal)a. Professor Bendall has noted this fact
from the chronicles. In Cat. p. 246, No. 1418, there is a
description of a four-act RamayaJ;la, by Dharma Gupta, the son
of Rama-dasa. Dharma Gupta calls himself Poet Laureate.
He was commanded by Jayayiithasil)ha Deva, who does not
see;m to be a King of Nepal though his dominions included
parts of the valley, on the occasion of the HarisaIpkara ratha-
yatra, to enact the drama. The King Yiithashpha is said to
have been a worshipper of Gopalesvara, Sikharanarayal).a and
JhankesvarI. Of these the second is one of the four NarayaJ;las
who protect the valley, namely, hananarayaJ;la Vil[lananarayana,
Cal)gunarayal).a and SikharanarayaJ;la. From his title SiIpha
he seems to have belonged to the race of Hari Silpha, and from
his worship of Sikharanarayal).a he seems to have dominion
in Nepal. What stamps him as a King of Simraon is the
epithet suraki-kula-kamala-kanana-vikasanaika-bhaskara, i.e.,
he helped in the establishment of the Surki dynasty of Jaunpore.
The troubles in the then eastern (Shurq] dominion of Delhi
commenced at the end of the reign of Sultan Firoz Shah of
Delhi, 1888, and Yiltha SiIpha appears to be one of those Hindu
Rajas who helped Malik Sharwar, a Khauja, to establish him-
self as Malik-us-shurq. Yiitha SiIpha seems to have been a
contemporary and a relative of Jayasthiti who, by marrying
Rajalla DevI, made himself master of Nepal.
The present copy of the four-act RamayaJ;la is written in
Newari some time after it was composed. Professor Bendall in
his Cam. Cat. mentions a four-act RamayaJ;l8o entitled Ramanka
natika by the same author, son of the same Ramadasa, com-
posed in 1860 A.D. This was enacted at Lalitapura. Rams.-
dasa was not a magistrate of Nepal as Professor Bendallsays,
but he was the spiritual guide to the Kings of Ne.pal. The
drama was composed when the poet was young and his father
living. He composed it to please his father and, as is common
with young aspirants of literary fame, he displays his sounding
titles, VidylrJ}ava and BalavaglBvara. But the drama
 PREFACE. XXXIX

noticed in this Catalogue, p. 246, was enacted at a later period,

in another part of Nepal. This composition is here represented
as a Na~aka, but this is opposed to the rules of dramaturgy in
which NMika only can be finished in four acts. Many years
after its composition when the poet was an old man he gave
up his sounding titles. This very drama appears to have
been twice more enacted, once on the birth ceremony and once
moro on the initation ceremony of Dharma Malla.
The fact that the nandls and prastavanas differ accord-
ing to the occasion raises a nice question. The prastavanas
are implicitly belif'ved to contain contemporary historical infor-
mation. That they certainly do. But theiplace and the occa-
sion mentioned in them relates only to one single representation
during the author's lifetime. The information that this
drama was enacted four times in 40 years or so, shows its
immense popularity in Nepal at the end of the fourteenth
century.
ANTHOLOGY.

Prasannasahityaratnakara, p. 211, No. 1574, by Nandana,

in N ewari character, is an anthology in 1,000 stanzas. The
compilier is very proud of his knowledge of Par;aini and
Sahitya. He says his work is beyond computation. He
commences with Sivavrajya and quotes a verse of Vasukalpa
Datta in the beginning. This work is compiled in imitation of
Kavivacana Samuccaya [See Rep., pp. 20-21] in which coUa-
tions of verses on different subjects are called Vrajyas. That
is Buddhistic while the present is Hindu.
Prastavaratnakara, p. 212, No. (2)94, by Haridasa, son
of Puru~ottama, of the Karar;aa clan, an inhabitant of the
Maharajya Kharaga<Ja. Puru~ottama had four sons-Krs:r;Ia-
dasa, Damodara, Narayana and Haridasa. Haridasa was a
worshipper of GaJ}.esa. and was proficient in Joyti~aSastra,
V rhat ka.tha, Smrti katha, I.sikya, Samudrika, Sakuna" Paiica-
tantra, Caraka and Kavyas. It was composed in 1614,
probably of the Vikrama samvat, 'at Jatapattana, during the
reign of Varavirasahi. There is a table of contents given in
xl PREFACE.

verses at the beginning of the work, from which it appears

that the work is complete in 21 chapters-(l) Nlti, (2) Rajanlti,
(B) PraklrJ).akakhyanam, (4) Anyokti, (5) Praise of wealth,
(6) Praise of good men, (7) Gardens, (8) Gods, (9) Censure
of bad men, (10) Kiitakhyana, (11) Good manners, (12),
Righteousness, (13) and (14) Praise and censure of women,
(15) Trees, (16) Love, (17) Omens, (18) Palmistry (19) Jug-
glery, (20) Jyoti~a, and (21) Book on gems. 'rhe MS. was
copied in SaIp. 1890 by Vidyananda the great worshipper of
Buddha.
RHETORIC.

KavyaprakaSa, p. 67, No. 1586 or, is in Maithila charac-

ter.
Kavyadarsa,p. 74, No. 1585 G', is a dilapidated copy.
Dasariipakalaitkara, p. 12, No. 344 'Ii, is in Maithila
character, composed by Vi~J).udhanika.
Sahrdayahrdayavaloka, p. 15, No. 400, in Maithila cha-
racter, copied in La. Sarp. 91. This is well knownas the com-
mentary by .lnandabardhana on Dhvani, a work of unknown
authorship.
LEXICON.

Amarako~a (1) p. 19, No. 772 '11; (2) p. 19, 772 .. ; (8)
p. 28, No. 802 If; (4) p. 23, 803 "'; (5) p. 50, No. 1861 W; (6)
p. 56, No. 147B ~; (7) p. 69, No. 1537 a; (8) p. 71, No. 1559
0; (9) p. 75, No. 1608 ~; (10) p. 75, No. 1608 ~; and (11) p.
77, No. 1633 'S. (1) (2) (3) and (4) are in Newari; (5) is in
Bengali? copied in V. Same 1511 in CampakaraJ).ya during the
reign of Madanasirpha Deva; (6) is in N ewarj copied in 412
N.S.; (7) is in Maithila character; (8) is a mere fragment; (11)
is in Maithila copied during the reign of Bhavasirpha Deva .
.Amarako~atippanI, p. 60, No. 1475 a, is in N ewari
character.
Amarako,tlka, p. 28, No. 802 Ill' and .. and 808 w. The
first is in Maithila composed by V rh~pati, commonly known
as Riyamukuta; the second by Snkara, the Oourt PaJ).~ita of
 PREFAOE.

RltmasUpha of Mithila, and the third is by these two commen-

tators. Rltyamukuta flourished in the early part of the
fifteenth century in Bengal. He was highly honoured by
the Hindu dynasty which rose on the ruins of the Ilias
shahis of Bengal. Raja Kans was the founder of this
dynasty, but his son Jadu became a Muhammadan, and even
after his conversion he patronized Rayamukuta, who speaks
of his patron as Jalalud-din. 'l'he Srlkara may be the father
Srlnatha .!caryya Cndamal}i, who is reported to be the guru
of Raghunandana. Raghunandana flourished by middle of the
Sixteenth Century, and there is nothing to prevent the father
of his guru goi!lg in shares with Rltyamukuta about the
authorship of a commentary on the Amarako,a.
Mediniko,a, p. 79, No. 1633 v, in Maithila, copied in La.
Sam.377.
Dhananjaya-nigha1J.tu, p. 189, No. 1089. It was copied in
Sam.1654-1598 .A.D. The present MS. is defective in the be-
gining. 'fhe colophon of the second chapter is the same as in
1.0. Cat. p. 285 B.
FINE ARTS.
Saftgitasarasarpgraha, p. 268, No. 1478, by Jagajjyotir-
malla, is an abstract of all the works on music, dancing and
acting known at his time. The work was composed in N.S.746,
copied by Siva, the son of SiIl1ha-Deva, in the reign of the
Royal compiler.
The Royal bard says that it is reported that Bharata wrote.
bis work in one hundred thousand slokas, but it is very doubt-
ful if the work eusts in its entirety. He saw certain portions
and he heard of some other portions from others. Vipradltsa
Bharata collected some portion. Vyasa embodied some por-
tion in his Pural}as. From these and from other sources the
King made his collection. He did not say anything new, but
only changed the versification.
Saligita-ca.ndra, p. 260, No. (2) 222, is based entirely upon
Bharata natya Sastra. It is a comprehensive work' on music
and dancing. The work was brought to Nepala by Jagajjyotil'
6
 xlii PREFAOE.

Malla from Southern India, and he, with the assistance of

Vailgamal)i, wrote a commentary entitled Sangitabhaskara, p.
262, No. (2)222. The author of the text is Abhila~a. The
work is interspersed with Newari translation of important
passages by the Royal a-qthor.
SaJ;lgItasarvasva, p. 67, No. 1586 Of, in Newari character .
. The work was known only in quotations, see p. 686 B. Cat. Cat.
Vot I. It quotes from the following works-Natyadarpal)a,
Saftgltavalli, SaJ}gItasekhara, NMyalocana, SaJ}gltakalpa-
vrk~a, DaSariipa, Ratnako~a and Bharata. The work is by
Jagaddhara who quotes it in his commentary on VeQi
Sarp.hara.
Hastamuktaval1, p. 270, No. 798, by Subhankara, treats
of the motions of hand in dancing. It is based on one of the
chapters of Bharata Natyasastra, supplemented by Kama
SitStra. This work is explained by a commentary entitled
Hastamuktavall-sarasamuddhrtika, by Ghanasyama, p. 272,
No. 1282, written for the edification of the son of Ananta the
daughter's son of Jagajjyotirmalla, composed in N.S. 795=
1675 A.D.
Ragamala, or Ragalak~aJ}am, p. 67 and 241, Nos. 1586 if
(three leaves only) and 1478. By Bharata. Appears to be
a chapter from Bharata Natyasastra.
MayasaIpgrahal}., or Prati~thatattvam, p. 69, No. 1587 ..,
is a work on architecture in which the modes of constructing
palaces and dwelling-houses have been given.
Prasastiratna, p. 209, No. (2)191, is a letter-writer. In
the preamble it records the rise of Prthvipati Varma in the
Gorkha hills. His son was Candrariipasaha Varma. His son
was Vi~Qu Varma, and his son Jlva Saha Varma was the patron
of the author.
The letter-writer gives the number of the. Syllable Sri to
be appended before the names of respectable addressees. Six
are to be.added before Guru's name, five before master's, two
before servant's, four before enemy's, three before friend's, and
on~ before son's or wife's name. The MS. is unique.
 PREFAOE. xliii

Gayanalocana, p. 164, No. 1412, was copied by Kir$mili

Sarma in Saka 1706. It is a unique work on elementary
music of the medireval type. It gives the times of the day
for the various tunes to sing. The MS. ends with an interest-
ing quotation from the SangItaciiqamal).i.
Caturangatarangil).I, p. 168, No. 1612, by VarpSainal).i, a
work on the chess play, was composed under the order of
Kr'l).ananda. Raya. Unique.
Natyasastra, p. 196, No. 173, attributed to Bharata. The
present MS. ends with the chapter on .Iharyabhinaya, which
is marked as the seventy-second. See Bik. Cat., p. 510. The
work has been published in its entirety III the Kavyamala
serIes.
Bharatanama-dIpaka-nada-Sastram, p. 281, No. 798.
The same as Raja. Mitra, No. 588, entitled Nada-dlpaka, in the
form of an original tantra, the interlocutors being DevI and
Bhairava. It treats of the presiding deities of letters, length
of vowels, metres, songs, vocal music and different subdivision
of music. The work ends with the definition of a poet.
N ada is said to be the messenger of Cupid and takes the
place of the fifth Upaveda.
POLITIOS.

CaQakya-Sloka, p. 60, No. 1475 a, in Maithila character.

Pancatantra, p. 9, No. 242, is only a fragment.
Hitopadesa, p. 72, No. 1583 QI', and p. 75, No. 1608 er.
The first is a fragment in N ewari, and the second was copied
in t he reign of Y ak~amal1a, in the year 594 of the Nepal era,
i.e., 1474 A.D.
Ekadasadyadhikaral).a, p. 30, No. 1076 'I, composed'
by Murari Misra-Mahamahopadhyaya, on domestic and
foreign affairs, as a sequel to his work on Badhabbhyuccaya
lak~al).a, i.e., on the political obstacles. Unique. The MS. was
copied by Harikara, son of MahamahopadhYiiya 8rlRatna-
kara.
Kamandaklya Nltisara, p.' 91, N~,' 15, of the_.:Ile'Y;~
 xliv PREFACE.

collection, in Maithila character, complete in 81 leaves, copied

in La. Same 482. The work has been published in the Biblio-
theca Indica. The author is said to have been a student of
CaJ}.akya. He speaks of the seven essentials of a reigning
King.
KuSopadesatika, p. 85, No.-1647., by Bandhava-Sena, in
. Newari character, copied in N.S. 641l = 1524 A.D. The small
poem in eight verses known as Kusopadesa or GUl.la~taka is
said to have been composed by .AD.gadakumara, and the com-
mentary is by a Buddhist Vajracarya Bandhava Sen belonging
to Mahavihara to the east of Ka~thamal.l<Japa. It was com-
posed under a tree within the compound of the Mahavihar.
Rajavidhanasara, p. 244, No. 282, is a work on politics
in two parts, by Ranganatha Siiri the son of Pal.l<Jitaraja
Brajanatha, for the benefit of Maharajadhiraja Yuddha-
gIrval.l8 Sahi of the Gorkha dynasty of Nepal (1799-1816) at
Kantipura which is another name of Kathmal.l<Ju. The first
part treats of the court (sangopanga) and the second part the
duties of the King. Unique.
Tantrakhyanakatha, p. 64, No_ 1534 and p. 74, No.
1584 18, is an abstract of the Pancatantra with a N ewari
translation, copied in N.S. 725, perhaps by a Buddhist scribe.
DHANURVEDA.

Dhanurveda, p. 190, No. 557, and Dhanurvedaprakaral.laIp,

p. 191, No. (2)82, are attributed to Siva and Vikramaditya,
respectively. For fuller description see Rep. p. 9.
SarpgramavidhiJJ., p. 264; No. (2)112, is a work on the
art of war. It gives a definition of A~auhiJ}.I and treats
of the disposition of the army in war. But it deals destruc-
tion more with ma.ntras than with weapons.

EROTICS.

There are five leaves in p. 82, No. 1645 w, in which the

age of the woman has been taken as a factor in the subject-
matter of the science.
 PRl!ll!'AOE. xlv
Kamakala, p. 82, No. 1645 "f, by Kokka, on erotics, written
for the entertainment of Vainya Datta, is a modern work on the
enjoyment of the company of females. The opening verse
shows the aim and object of the work. The work is perhaps
the same as Ratirahasya; at least the author and his patron
are the same. For Ratirahasya see Burnell's Index of Sans-
krit MSS. in the palace of Tanjaur.
RasamanjarI, p. 32, No. 1077 if, by Bhanudatta. is in
Maithila, copied in La. Satp.492. For a commentary 'on this
Bee Rep. p. 11.
Nagarakasarvasva, pp. 86 and 109, No. 1648 'Of, by Padma
SrI Jnana, a Buddhist monk, the pupil of a BrahmaJ}.a named
Vasudeva (see Report, p. 11). The MS. is complete in 18 chap-
ters. In the second verse the writer speaks of works on erotics
in languages otlier than Sanskrit. His work is in the form of
a tantra of the lefthanded class. One of his authorities is
Siddhyaika-virama-tantra. He quotes a verse from Mahes-
vara which .to all intents and purposes is a tantrika one. He
relies also upon Sankara Kamatantra for hiB materials.
In p. 196, No. 1464, there is a commentary on this work by
the King of Bhatginamed Jagajjyotirmalla. The commentator
takes great liberties with the text, for instance, in the second
hemistitch of the first verse the word laqaha in the original
has been changed into yadiha, because the word being an un-
known technical term in erotics was rather hard for the
Royal interpreter' to explain. The Hindu Raja takes the
Buddhist Manju SrI as Kamadeva without a word of explana-
tion. It was a matter of course in his days. Mafiju SrI with
a sword in one and a MS. in the other hand is at once the
god of power, god of learning and god of love. The Manju-
SrI hill nea.r Kathmandu is used by the Hindus as SarasvatI
hill on the day sacred to that deity. He is worshipped 8S
Padma KumarI in Cooch Vih!.r. He has a position in Hindu
tantrik& pantheon as the god of poetry.
 xlvi PREFAOE.

DARSANA.

AnumanakhaI:l~atika, pp. 81 and 94, No. 1684 81, by

Vacaspati. It begins with an invocation to the child-form
of Kf~l)a which became an object of general worship after the
advent of Caitanya, but even before him it had its worshippers.
The present MS., though labelled Anumanakhal)~atika in the
. Darbar Library, appears to be an original work by Vascaspati,
who, in one of the verses in the work, says that he had studied
the systems both of Gautama and J'aimini. This is possible
only in the case of Vacaspati, the commentator of the six
systems. If my surmise be correct this is a brand-new dis-
covery of a work on anumana by the great Vacaspati.
KiraI:lavalitika, p. 50, No. 1861 'i!;, though labelled tika, is
really the text by Udayana. It ends with the chapt~r on
Dravya. It is a commentary on Prasastapada's bha~ya on the
Kal,lada Siitras. The 1\{S. was copied at Navadvipa by Hari
Barma in the Baka year 1491 = 1569 A.D. when the literary
activity of the Naiyayikas at that city was at its highest.
The work has been published at Benares.
Dravyakiral}.avalI, p. 85, No. 1118 B, is the same MS. in
Newari character.
. Nyayakusumaiijali, p. 18, No. 882 B, is by Udayana.
It has leaves 14 to 85, in Maithila character.
Kusumanjaliprakasa, p. 84, No. 1645 'Il, by Vardhamana,
the son of Gaggesa U padhyaya, the author of the Tattvacin
tamal,li. This is a commentary on Kusumaiijali by U dayana,
a work designed to establish the existence of God. Var-
dhamana begins his work with a namaskara to his father,
who was an adept both in Nyaya and Mimalpsa. The MS.
ends with the third stavaka.
Khal)~anakhaI,lQakhadya, p. 85, No. 1118~, by Briharlila.
The MS. contains pp. 109-212 only. It was copied at Vijala-
pura by Pal,lQ,ita Vasudeva in La. Salp. 116, i.e., about 1288
A.D., a few years after the death of the author, who flourish-
ed about the time of the Muhammadan conquest.
 PREFACE. xlvii
Govindatattvanirl}aya, p. 17, No. 619 'If, by Mahama-
hopa;dhyaya Govinda, in five chapters. The MS. seems to be
complete. It is difficult to classify it as it partakes of the
natu~e both of Tantra and of Darsana. The first chapter
treats of Adhikarl, this is tantrika. The other chapters are
(2) on the establishment of non-duality; (8) on the nature of
Brahma as Suddha; and (4) refutation of the theory that Pra-
krti is the material cause. The MS. is worm-eaten and full
of lacuna. It is written in Maithila character and dated in
La. Sa rp, but the last digit falls in n. lacuna 52 +. Uniquf!.
Tattvacintamal}i, p. 45, No. 1261 lif. The MS. contains
the second book only. It was copied in Maithila character
in La. Sarp. 486=about 15418 A.D.
TattvaointamaQ.yaloka, p. 16, No. 468 lif. 'rhe MS.
contains a few leaves only.
TattvacintamaI).yalokaVka., p. 87, No. 11141 w. Though
labelled as above in the Durbar Library it is really a
commentary on TattvacintamaQ.i. The !loka begins with
ClAiIRQa while this comments upon gijjl~t?t~ .. :. It is by
Rucidatta (see India Office, p. 682). Rucidatta was a pupil
of Jayadeva known as Pak~adhara Misra, the author of
the commentary known as !loka.
Vatsayananyayabha~yarp p. 22, No. 787 'If, contains
the second chapter only. The MS. was copied in L. Sarp.
298=about 1410 A.D.
Nyayavarttikatatparyya~Ika, by Vacaspati Misra, p. 48,
No. 1880 lif. The MS. contains the fifth chapter only.
Nyayavarttikatatparya~Ika, by U dayana, p. 419, No.
1861 w. This is wrongly called ~jka. It is really parisuddhi.
The MS. contains the first and second chapters only. It was
copied in Sar~apagrama in the Saka year 1410=1488 A.D.
Tatparyya-parisuddhi, by Udayana, p. 81, No. 1076 ti, p.
40, No. 1261 w, p. 47, No. 1821." are in Maithila charac-
ter; the first was copied in La. Sarp 889 and the last in
La. Sarp 408. The first ends with the second, and the last
with the fifth chapter. The former was copied by Ja~dhartlo
xlviii PREFACE.

under orders of Lak~mipati U padhyaya, and the latter by

Vacaspati under orders of Ya:r;tinatha Bhattacarya. This is a
commentary on the fifth remove on the Gautama So.tras:-
Gautama Sntras.
Vatsayana's Bha~ya.
Udyotakara's Nyaya Varttika.
Vacaspati Misra's Tatparyyatika.
U dayana's Tatparyyaparisuddhi.
Its full name is Nyayavarttikatatparyya-parisuddhi. It
has been published at Benares.
Dharmaputrika, p. 92, No. 86 11 of the new collection, is
a work on Yoga. It partal~es of the character both of Philo-
sophy and of Tantra ; the chapters are marked some as pata,las
others as Adhyayas. 'It deals with such topics as dhyana,
dhara:r;ta, siddhi, antaraya, cikitsa and so on, in 16 chapters. It
is a short work in 11 leaves only. It appears to have been
composed in N.S. 189=1069 A.D. in the reign of 8atpkara
Deva. The last pada. of one of the verses appears to contain
the name of the author, but it is so incorrect that it would be
venturing too much to base any conclusion upon it. The
pads. is Sri JajjalasyottaratollakeyaI,. Unique.
Nayatattvaloka, p. 49, No. 1861 1lI'; the correct name
seems to be Nyayatattvaloka. The MS. contains the third
ohapter and a portion of the fourth. There is a MS. of this
work in the 1.0., being No. 205, p. 610 B., which contains the
first and second chapters; and the last treats of thirteen out of
sixteen topios of Gautama, namely, from Prameya to Chala..
The present MS. therefore seems to treat of Jati and Nigrahas-
thana, of which Jati is exceedingly difficult and deserves a
fuller treatment than was given to it by Vacaspati in his
Tatparyyatika. The MS. was copied in "La. Sarp. 449 at the
village of Kako in Mithila.
Ballddhidhikaravyakhya;, p. 61, No. 1508 ., by Narahari,
is a brand-new discovery of a commentary on U dayana's cele-
brated work, the Bauddhadhikira. The MS. has 71leavesonly.
The oommeJltator learned the Bauddhadhikarli from his father.
 PREFAOE; xlii
The other commentators of this work are Bhagiratha.
Thakkura, Sarpkara Misra, Vardhamana U padhyaya, Raghu ~
natha SiromaQi and Mathuranatha. Raghunath's commen-
tary again was commented upon by GUQananda and Gada~
dhara. ..
Vakyasudhatika, p. 249, No. (2)284, by Bramhananda
BharatI, the pupil of XnandabharatI. The Vakyasudha is
attributed to the great Sarpkaracaryya. It commences
with Riiparp drsyall1 and so on. The present is a complete
MS. of this commentary. But in our MS. the text is attri~
buted to Bharatitirtha Guru by the commentator Brahmananda.
Raja. Mitra in Nos. 1247, 1445, Hall page 129, and Burnell,
91a, from the colophons of their MSS. attributed the work to
8alpkara, but the present commentator attributes it to hil3
Guru Bharatitirtha, and his authority seems to be unimpeach ~
able.
Vijiianadipikavivrtih, p. 250, No. 1318. Padmapada~
carya, the pupil of the great Salpkara, wrote a work entitled
Vijiianadipika on the usual topics of the Vedantins. The
present MS. contains this work with an anonymous commen-
tary. Both Unique.
Sarirakamimall1Sabha!llya p. 61, No. 1475., by Sarpkara
caryya. The MS. contains the fourth chapter only. It is in
Maithila character.
EpICS.
RamayaQa, p. 29, Nos. 1001 tf and ~; p. 84, No. 10791g;
p. 62, 1508 ~; p. 71, No. 1559 15f and p.88, No. 1645 is'. The
first contains the Fifth Book only in Maithila character,
copied in La. Sam. 878. The second contains the Uttara
KaQQa only copied in Maithila in La. Sam. 804. The third,
p. 84, in N ewari character, from page 8 to page 806; the
fourth, in N ewari character, copied in N.S. 657 = 158T A.D.
The fifth in Maithila cont.ains a few pageerof Book VII only.
The sixth and last in Maithila is a worm~eaten incomplete
copy of Book V.
Mahabharata, p. 25, Nos. 867 and 869 ; p. 29, No. 1001'1f;
7
1 PREFAOE.

p. 88, No. 1077 ~; p. 54, No. 1864; p. 72, No. 1559 .. ; p.81,
No. 1685; and p. 88, No. 1698 JI'.
The first is in Maithila, copied in La. Sam. 412, at Kr'Qa-
palli, in Mithila, under the orders of Makhaya Tl;lakkura. In
N.S. 767, this MS. was used by Pratapa Malla of KathmaJ;l~u
in having it read through for religious purposes, i~ 15 days.
It contains the Santiparva only of the Mahabharata. The
second MS. in that page contains Book V copied in Maithila
in La. Same 422.
The third is also in Maithila and contains portions of the
same parva.
l'he fourth contains the last Book in Bengali character
copied in La. Same 485.
The fifth contains the First Book only.
The sixth contains the Second Book only in Maithila,
copied in La. Same 885.
The seventh is an incomplete copy of the Sabhaparva in
Newari.
The eighth in Newari contains Salya and Gada parvas, only.
Mahabharatasya Adi-Virata-parva-t!ka, p. 29, No. 1001
QI', is incomplete.
Danadharma, p. 48, No. 1821 v, is a part of the Santiparva
in Newari. It contains 15 chapters only on Vai~J;lavadharma,
being a part of Danadharma. Copied in N.S. 169= 1049 A.D.
Hariva:rpsa, p. 15, No. 455, and p. 25, No. 910 v, both in
Newari character. The first is incomplete towards the end,
and the second was copied in N.S. 257 =1187 A.D.
Hariva:rpSatika, p. 29, No. 1001 n, was copied in Saka
1580.
Bhagavadgitli, p. 19, No. 786 11; p. 88, No. 1176 QI'; p.
89, No. 1179 V; p. 61, No. 1508 v ; p. 62, No. 1508 s, and p.
75, No. 1608 .
The second is in Newari, the third is incomplete, the
fourth is in N ewari of N .S. 481 = 1861 A.D., the fifth is in
Newari, copied in N.S. 888, and the sixth bears the date N.S.
462 = 1882 ,A.D.
 PREFAOE. li
Anusmrtistava, p. 69, No. 1587 ., in Newari character, is
a hymn to V~J;l.u from the Mahabharata "said to be one of
the five jewels" in that work.
Vi![ll~usahasranamabh~ya, p. 75, No. 1608 w. The text
appears to be from the Anusasanaparva of the Mahabharata,
and the bha![lya is attributed to SaIJlkaracarya.

PURA.~A.

Vifl}.upuriiI}.a, p. 26, No. 910 .. and ., and p. 29, No.

lOOl IR. The last is written in Maithila; and the first, in two
parts, comes very nearly to the end.
BhagavatapuraJ;l.a, p. 18, No. 858; p. 13, No. 859 ; p. 19,
No. 850; p. 25, No. 860 IR; p. 28, No. 976; p. 82, No. 1077 u,
and p. 84, No. 1079. 'fhe first two MSS. are in Maithila
character bearing date La. Same 897 and contain the tenth
skandha only. 'fhe third is a fragment of the tenth in
Maithila. The fourth contains from the middle of the first
to the middle of the tenth skandha. The fifth is a complete
MS. of the Pural}.a written in beautiful Devanagari hand
copied during the reign of Pral}.amalla Deva of Bhatgi, by
Harivarma, a great astrologer, for Vi![ll}.usirpha, the son of
BhavasiIpha, in the year Kaurppileyagnijasyebde=N.S.
658= 1588 A.D. 'fhe sixth contains a few leaves only of
the tenth skandha in Bengali character. The seventh con-
tains the tenth skandha of the Bhagavata in N ewari character.
Bhagavata~ika, p. 28, No. 984; and p. 91, No. 14 a, of
the new collection. The first is SrIdhaia's commentary copied
in Maithila character in La. SaIJl. 472 by NiraYaJ;l8r at KoreJ;li,
in Mithila. The second also was copied in the same character
by Raghupati at the Village Poari in La. Srup 898. It
contains the commentary on the eleventh and twelfth skandhas
only.
BrahmapuraQa, p. 88, No. 1645'8', and p. 85, No. 1647-1.
The first in its colophons styles itself the .l4i.brahma-
puraQa. The second is only a small fragment.
 lii PREFACE.

Kiirmapurat;la, p. 24, No. 845 ...., -is in Nagara character

rupning through 500 pages. Complete in 6,000 slokas and
in 43 chapters.
Sivapurat;la, p. 25, No. 872, in Maithila character, is a
fragment only.
Skandapura~a, pp. 8 and 141, No. 229, is in Gupta charac-
,ter. Professor Bendall and myself carefully examined the
palreography of the MS. at the Durbar Library, and we
came to the conclusion that the work must have been copied
At least two hundred years before the Paramei!lvara tantra in
.transitional Gupta character, described by Prof. Bendall in
his Cam. Cat. So the MS. must have been copied before
659 A.D., as the Paramesvaratantra was copied in Har~a
era 252 = 859A.D. [See my Report, p. 4.]
Since writing that Report I have carefully compared my
reconstruction of the Skandapura~a in the Darbar Library
with the copy of the Ambikakhat;l~a of the Skandapurat;la in
the Library of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and have found
them to differ as much as any two Paura~ika works of any
cult may differ from each other.
. As there is no mention of Khat;l~as in any of the colophons
'of the Pura~a as found in the Durbar Library, it may be
inferred, that it formed the Pura:r;aa entitled Skandapura~a.
It gradually branched out into so many KhaQ~as and so
many Mahatmyas, that scholars thought that the Pura~a hardly
existed except in Kha~~as and Mahatmyas.
NarasiIphapura.Qa, p. 29, No. 1001., contains 192 leaves
in Maithila character, ~pied in La.' SaIp. 889, by Rucinatha
&rma: in the reign of Madana Sitpha Deva at Sipaha Kataka
in Gorakhpore.
Brhannaradiya, p. 24, No. 845.; p. 25, No. 910'1; and
p. 29, No. 100111. They are all in Maithila c:paracter. The
first is incomplete. The second was completed in La. Sam.
429 and the third in 425.
PaSupatipurat;la, p. 208, No. 984, copied in N.S. 824=
 PREFACE. Iiii

1704 A.D. Unique. Spoken by Pulastya but quoted from

Vyasa. The MS. is complete. It is much more concerned
with the origin and the sacred character of the VagmatI on
which stands the sacred shrine of Pasupati than with Pasu"-
pati himself. It has the following KhaQQas:-
1. 'flrthayatra KhaQQa.
2. Pradyumnavijaya KhaQQa.
8. GokarQesvaraprati~thapana Purvardha KhaQq.a.
4. Tlrthanandapura~e Piirvardha KhatlQa.
5. A stray chapter containing a hymn on the Vag-
matt
Prahladacaritra, p. 61, No. 1508 11', from the Villl~u
pura:r;ta in N ewari character.
Vasi~tha-Dilipa-saIp.v~da, p. 51, No. 1868.; p. 62, No.
1508'1; p. 64, No. 1586 CIi; p. 65, No. 1586.; and p. 72~ No.
1559 if; are all from Padmapura:r;ta Uttara Kha:r;tQa; and in
Newari character. The last was copied in NS. 588= 1468 A.D.
Haritalika Katha, p. 82, No. 1077 'ill, from the Bhavi\l-
yottarapuraQa, in Bengali character, contains the story of the
spread of the worship of Hara and GaurI in a certain form
by married women.
Vi~:r;tudharma, p. 29, No. 1002 CIi, and p. 80, No. 1002 q',
both in Newari character, the first was copied in N.S. 167=.
1047 A.D. [See J.A.S.B., 1897, p. 812, and my Report, p. 5.J
DevI Mahatmya, (1) p. 18, No. 882 qr; (2) p. 88, No. 1077
'I; (8) p. 54, No. 1868 ~; (4) p. 55, No. 1876.; (5) p. 56,
No. 1478 'I; (6) p. 61, No. 1508.; (7) p.68, No. 158411';
(8) p. 68, No. 1584 .; (9) p. 64, No. 1584 'ill; (10) p. 68, No.
1586 is; (11) p. 69, No. 1587 'R; (12) p. 69, No. 1559i1i; (18) p.
70, No. 1559'1 ; (14) p. 74, No. 1588 ~; (15) p. 74, No. 1584. ;
(16) p. 75, No. 1608 '1; (17) p. 75, No. 1608 ~; (18) p. 81,
No.164511i; (19) p. 82, No. 1645 tI; and (20) p. 55, No. 1478 v.
The first is a fragment in Newari character. The
second is in old N ewari, copied in NS. 229 = 11 09 A.D.
marked in letter numerals. The third is in Nagara, and the
fourth in N ewari, both fragments. The fifth is in N ewari
liv . PREFAOE.

character copied in N.S. 519= 1899 A.D. The sixth is in

Nagara dated V. Salp 1492 = 1486 A.D. in Campakar81J.ya during
the reign of Prthvisilpha Deva. The seventh is in Maithila
copied in La. Sam. 392(?) by Udayakara under the order of
KatpSanaraya:r;ta. The eighth is in Newari character copied in
N.S. 885=1265 A.D. by Mal)inaga, a resident of Nili Sila,
during the victorious reign of Abhayanialla Deva. '1'he
ninth is in N ewari character copied by Vajracarya Sri Sugata-
candra in N.S. 118=998 A.D. in the victorious reign of
Dharma Malla Deva. The tenth and eleventh, in N ewari cha-
racter, are fragments only. The twelfth copied in Newari
inN.S. 858=1288 A.D. in the victorious reign of Abhaya Malla
Deva. The thirteenth is in N ewari character copied during
the same reign. The fourteenth is in Newari character. '1'he
sixteenth is dated N .S. 262 = 1142 A.D. 'fhe eighteenth is
in Newari character copied in N.S. 889= 1269 A.D. The
DevIstava forms a part of the MS. The nineteenth is a frag-
ment in Nagara character. The twentieth is dated N.S. 522.
Devimahatmyat1ka, p. 51, No. 1861 ~, by Haritamra Sri-
pitambara, otherwise called Durgasandehabhedika, a commen-
tary on the DeVimahatmya. This was copied at Haripura by
Haladhara who seems to have enjoyed the title of Valpsa-
. in La. Sarn.. 878.
'mani
Karttikamahatmya or Vai~l)aVamftasaroddhara, p. 6,
No. 92 and p. 82, No. 1077 W, both from the Skandapural)a
and both copied in Bengali chara.cter; the first was copied at
Parihara in La. SaIp. 412; and the second in La. Sam. 447.
The interlocutors are Narada and Brahma and the subject
Va~vism. This appears to be the same work as noticed in
pp. 217-218 of the MS. Index prepared by Captain Wilford's
Pal;lc}ita. [See p. 1414 1.0. Cat.] There are many other
works bearing the same name from other Pq.ral)a8, and what
is curious still there is a work of the same name in the
Skandapur~ itself. [See Sanskrit College Catalogue by
9astri and Gui, part 4, Nos. 211 a.d 252.]
Vaisikhamihltmya, p. 61, No. 1508., from the Patila
 PREFAOE. lv
Kha~Qa, Padmapura~a, in Newari character. 'l'he same as
noticed by Weber in Vol. I, page 180.
Ekadasimahatmyam, p. 70, No. 1559 s, and Ekadasyut-
pattiJ:t, p. 71, No. 1559 'i, give thepaura~ika legends about
the sacredness of the fast on the eleventh day of the moon.
Ramacandr8;nama!jtottarasatam, p. 01, No. 1368!J, is a
partof the Uttara Kha~c;J.a of the PadmapuraQa. [See Ulwar
2320.J
Ramopakhyanalp, p. 78, No. 1583 W, is from the Vana-
parva of the Mahabharata, in Newari character.
Rudramahatmya, p. 82, No. 1645 lif, is from the Varaha-
pura~a, in N ewari character.
Vi!j~ujanmanukirttanalp, p. 51, No. 1863 a, is a treatise
on the incarnations of Vi!j~u, from the Bhavi!jyapura~a.
Se!jadhar~lsalpvada, p. 13, No. 882 if, is from the Brahma~
Qapura~a, in Urlya character.
SatvavadhaprasamanaIp, p. 83, No. 1645 ~, is from
Vi!j~udharma, copied in N .S. 322 = 1202 .A..D. during the
victorious reign of .A.rimalla Deva. There is a chapter in
Raja Mitra, No. 2298, entitled Sarvavadhaprasamana-
vidhikathanalp. The work described in that work is Vi!j~u
dharma and not Vi!j~udharmottara. [See Oat. Cat. 590B.] .
Siiryyar~ava, p. 267, No. 1246, appears to be a Paura.Qika
work on the consequences of sins committed in one existence,
in future existences and their atonements. 'l'he interlocutors
are Narada and Amvarl!ja, and they speak of the atonements
in the various rasis. .

STOTRAS.

Nllak~thastava, p. 46, No. 1320 '8, was copied in

N .S. 407 = 1287 .A..D. 'fhe hymn was known only in a single
quotation by Rayamukuta in his commentary on the
Amarako!ja. There are two copies of a work of the same
name with a commentary in the Oriental Library, Madras.
Mahapuru~astava, p .n, No 1868 Ill, is a part of the
l:ri PREFACE.

Tenth Skandha of Srimadbhagavata. It was copied in

N. S. 696=1576 A.D.
Mahimnal) stotra, p. 227, No. 1630, is not the well-
known work of the same name attributed to Pu~padanta,
the Lord of the Gandharvas, on which there are so many
commentaries, but an imitation of it by one who, though
bearing the name of the relentless Muniburvasas of the
PUral}aS, is a historical person variously named Durvasodeva
Durvasomuni. He is said to be the first teacher of all the
Upani~ads. The MS. is in Nagara character, extent 817-
slokas, having 18 chapters.
Kalabhairavastotra, p. 52, No. 1868., is from the
Kasi Khal}.~a. It is a hymn to the grim deity, Kalabhairava,
who, unless propitiated, would not allow ~nyone to live and
die at that holy spot, where death, under any circumstances,
leads to emancipation. He, with his broomstick, sweeps
away all sinners from Benares.
Gajendramok~~astavaraja, p. 18, No. 619 Ql', is one of
the five gems in the Mahabharata.
Jyotisanandastava, p. 72, No. 1559 ~, is a hymn to
Siva who is represented in the form of light. It is a tin trika
hJmn. Unique.
Sal}.aiscarastava, p. 46, No. 1828 45 ; - p. 48, No. 1861 U;
p. 79, No. 1688 'Il. They all come from the SkandapuraJ;l8..
The second was copied in Ramanandayuge, i.e., N .S. 493 =
1878 A.D .
Saradistava, p. 58, No. 1868 1If, runs through 6 leaves
and was copied in N .S. 520 =1400 A.D.
Stavaraja, p. 89, No. 1176 1l and lit. Aufrecht in
IJip. Cat. No. 1297, says that it is a hymn to Gal}.e~a.
Stavaraja Mahatmya, p. 48, No. 1861 Ql', from the
Bhav~yapura;l}.a, appears to be a glorification of the 'above.
Sivapancak~aratp, p. 13, No. 882 lit, is a MS. in U riya
character. - [Cat. Cat., p. 650 A.]
Hariharastotra, p .. 56, No. 1478 ., is from the Hari
Vatpila.
 PREFAOE. lvii
Mrtyuiijayastava, p. 68, No. 1584 U, is a part of
Paramesvaratantra in 84,000 Slokas. This appears to be the
work entitled Paramesvaratantra in Prof. Bendall's Cam.
Cat. p. 27. It is not a part of Paramesvara-Samhita in
Burnell 205A, which is a Pancaratra. The MS. is in Newari
character.
. Vagisvaristotram, p. 56, No. 1478 ~, is a hymn to
VagIBvari, a form of Sarasvati, the goddess of learning.
She is worshipped both by Buddhists and Hindus at Bodh
Gaya and at Benares. Her glories are related in Svayambhu-
pural)a as well as on KaslkhaQ.<Ja.
Vinayakastava, p. 79, No. 1688 n, is a hymn to GaJ;lesa
from the Bhavi~yapuraJ;la.
Vi~J;lupanjarastotrarp, p. 46, No. 1820 ~, was copied in
N.S. 400 =1280 A.D.
MISCELLANEOUS.

Varahamihira Samhita, p. 26, No. 983 a, is a curious

work copied in Nepal Sarpvat 280 = 1110 A.D. It begins
with a long invocation to the god of Love whose influence is
said to have been felt even by Brahma, Indra and others. It
treats of the age, auspicious moment and so on, of marriage.
Vetalapaiicavitpsati, p. 79, No. 1688 q', is translation of
the well-known work of that name in Sanskrit, into Newari.
Harimekhala, in Newari language, p. 86, No. 1114 a, IS
dated N.S. 541 = 1421 A.D. During the reign of Jayajyo-
tirmalla Deva.
TANTRIKA.

Amrtegatantralll, pp. 11 and 125, No. 285 1J. This is

otherwise called Mrtyujidamrtisavidhanarp. This may be the
same as Mrtyujit-bhat~araka, mentioned by Hall, as quoted
by K~emaraja. in his Siva-sfltra-vimar~iJ;li.
The MS. is dated N.S. 820, i.e., 1200 A.D. Blit as K,em-
arajaquotes the work in the tenth century, the work, like the
majority of original tantras quoted by him, must be o14er
still.
8
lviii PREFACE .

. 'l'he work iF! complete in 24 pataIas and appears to tra-

verse the whole ground of Tantrika subjects. Curiously
enough in this work, which purposes to have been revealed
by Siva to his consort Parvat'i, there is a Ma1JgalacarAQa
making obeisance to Siva.
It treats of the God Amrtesa and Bhairava Mrtyujit as
para and apa1YIJ phases of one divinity.
Amrtesvara-devasya Nityapiija. vidhil), p. 49, No. 1861 ~,
treats of the worship of Amrtesa, Amrtisa or Amrtesvara,
and of the articles required in that worship. This is the
deity spoken of in the preceding.
Indrak~istava, in Newari character, and Karpiirastotra
are two Tantrika works mentioned in this Catalogue, being
No. 16:l!5 q and 1376 61,pp. 88 and 54. In Cat. Cat. p. 59B
mention is made of an Indraksi-stava from the Nandikesvara-
puraQa.
KakacaQ~esvarimatarr, p. 155, No. (3)118, in Nagari
character, professes to be a new system of Tantra. It treats
of Medicine, Alchemy, and so on. This is a much larger
work than that mentioned in 1.0. Cat., p. 889, where it is
also called Maharasayanavidhil). The Vedas being very
old, the highest bliss cannot be obtained through them.
Therefore Siva speaks of the highest bliss as Mahajnana,
and, as opposed to it, Alpajnana, to have recourse to before
the attainment of Jiian:tvada. Towards the end of the work
there are many prescriptions in which mercury has its full
play. .
Kalikastotra, p. 52, No. 1868~, is a hymn to Kalika
from the Tantrika work Kalikakulasarvasva. This.is to be
differentiated from a work of the same name attributed to
Satpkaracaryya. The work is in Maithila character.
KalIkularJ;lavatantra, p. 160, No. (2)lBO. In Newari
character. Dated N.S. 867 = 1747. - Unique. An . Origin~l
Ta*tra in which the interlocutors are Dev! and Bha.irava..
This work begins with "Vlrf;\nathauva.ca," "the~or~tof.
VIras said." The word VIra means one who has attained-.
 PREFA.OE. lix
success in the left-handed form of worship. VIranatha,
therefore, means the supreme Lord of these VIras. The
work speaks of Guhya KaII, the great goddess of Nepal, and
attempts to affiliate, though very cIUJ:nsily, her worship to the
Atharva Veda. In Cat. p. 161 there is what purports to be a.
formula of KalI-worship in one hundred letters.
Kalitattva, p. 161, No. 1589. It has another name, '!cara
pratipadanatattvam. The first three leaves are missing.
This with the work mentioned next after it in Cat. p. 162,
No. 1589, forms an incomplete copy of Ka.litattva (see pp. 586
and 587 of the Bikanir Catalogue). Raghava Bhatta, the
author, was a great Tantrika writer and commentator whose
Padarthadarsa, a commentary on the Saradatilaka, is often
quoted. in Smrti and Tantra compilations. The MSS. in the
Darbar Library treat of '!cara and Prayascitta respe~tively.
The author characterises his commentary on 8aradatilaka,
in Bik. Cat., pp 6)9, as Satsampradayakrta-Vyakhya.. .1rrom
the last page of the Benares Edition of the work, Sam. 1958,
it appears that Raghava Bhatta's father came from Nasik to
Benares, and that the date of the composition of the com~
mentary is 1550 of the Samvat Era, as that is used by the
Marhattas=1494 A~D.
Kalottara, pp. 9-10 (called in the colophon Vrhat-kalo-
ttararp. nama Sivasiddhantarp.), No. 278 'Ii, pp. 87-88 (Kalottare
trayodasasatike), No. 1114 if; p. 6 (Kalottara tantrarp), No. 89,
p. 73, No. 1583 'if; pp. 8 ~tnd 96 (Kalottare. Mahatantre
Saptasatike), No. 226 'fI'; and p. 80 (Kalottara or Kalajiiana),
No~ 1634 .
Ka;Iottara is a very ancient Tantrika work. Abhinavagupta
who flourished at the end of the 10th and the beginning of the
11th. Century (sce Buh. Kas~ Rep., p. 80), quotes this work
in his7!rir(i8ika-tattva-vivaran.a. . An. examination of the MSS.
in the Uurbar Library reveals the fact that there are three re-
censionBof the work, namely, (1) a large receusion, (2) arecen-
sioninl,.8~0:iglok.as, and another (8) a recension in 700 sIok
ThlL'name ~alotta.ra. sugg.ests ~that it is the supplement
b: PREFACE.

to a work entitled Kalatantra. The work was hitherto

known only in quotations. It deals with the worship of Siva.
The interlocutors are Siva and Karttikeya (see Cat., p. 96).
The names of chapters, as given in that page, show that it
traverses the whole ground of a tantrika work. One of the
chapters, namely the twenty-fourth, is named Kalacakra. This
work is complete in 82 patalas, while in the V rhat recension
(Cat., p. 9-10) there are 40 patalas. It also traverses the whole
ground of a Tantrika work, but more fully and in a different
order. Has this anything with the Kalacukra of the Bud-
dhists?
Kulasarasalpgraha, p. 162-68, No. 1668, an original tantra
with Isvara and Devi as interlocutors, is a part of Soma-
bhuja:ggavalli which again is a p~rt of Amrtamathana. The
work appears to be uniqne and complete in 86 patalas.
Kaumaripuja, p. 46, No. 1820 ~, i.e., the process of wor-
shipping one of the mothers named Kumari, was copied in
N.S. 400=1280 A.D.
Kriyakalpatarau kriyakaooah, p. 14, No 882 'I, appears
to be only a part of Kriyakalpataru, a complete work
of the KulaSastra, i.e., of the left-handed form of wor-
ship by Saktinatha surnamed KalyaQakara. He opens the
work by making obeisance to a succession of Gurus. The
great teachers of the sect (paramparyaprakasins) were
KaQthanatha, Gailgadhara, Munindra, Mahavala Maheifana,
Yagisvarananda, and Devaraja, who was the preceptor of the
author and Vicitrananda Deva. The materials used are
Kulasastras and .imnayas. The author explains the words
of 8iva according to tradition and according to sound
reasoning. In the first place the author mentions a number
of yogas according to tantrika. rites. The MS. is incomplete
and in Maithila character. Neither the work.Kriya kalpataru
nor the author KalyaQakara is mentioned by Aufrecht.
GurupaitktipUjiVi(jhi1}, p. 50, No. 1361 s, in Newari
character, 9 leaves only. Raj. Mitra, No. 4081, speaks of a
Gurupailktikavaca from the Gurutantra. The. present work"
 PREFAOE. lXi
forms a part of Gurupa:i:tkti worship, being one of -the
Paiica:i:tgas or five essentials of worship.
GuhyasiddhiSiBtram, p. 87, No. 16418~, in Newari charac-
ter, was copied in N.S. 514= 13941, at Bhatg'o, in the reign of
Jayasthiti Malla. The work is probably one bl'ought by the
PaQJ,its of that king from India. It is a most violently vama-
carl work. The matter is obscene, written in a mystic form.
The language is ungrammatical and jn places unintelligible.
Ciiicinimatasarasamuccayatt, p. 178, No. 769, is an ori-
ginal '!'antra in 12 patalas. The first verse obscurely hints that
the cult of Ciiiciiii was originated by Siddhanatha, one of the
successful Yogis who went by the title Natha. It belongs to
Vamacara and to Pascima Krama. The language is obscure,
ungrammatical and unintelligible. In the opening verses it
enumerates the various forms of religious practices CUITent at
the time. - The work belongs to the early period of Tantrika
development.
Chatrayogodbhiitado~asantividhiq., p. 174, No. _1111.
It treats of the process of atoning for the defects arising from
chatrayoga, composed under the order of Emperor Bahadur
Shah of Delhi in Srisake SarapUlilkaravanidharapraleyaro-
cirIpite, i.e., saka 1775 or 1858, just befol'e the mutiny.
Chatrayoga is a process of worship prescribed by Bhrgu.
Jayadrathayamala, p. 175, No. 258, a longish work on
paper, extending to about 8,000 slokas. The MS. is not very
old. It is dated Newar Samvat 762 =1642 A.D. It treats of
some topics to be found in the KularQava. It was for a long
time suspected that the worship of Kali did not originate in the
higher classes in India. The present work says that the
ParameSvari should be worshipped in the house either of a
potter or of an oilman, two castes holding a very low position
in Hindu Society. The entire work is Ba~d to extend to
24,000 slokas. The present MS. then is only a fragment.
The whole work is divided into four parts of 6,000 slokas each
called ,atkas. The present is a portion of the second !il3tka~ It
treats of the worship_of variQus forms ofKali,namely, {lambara
xii PREFACE.

Kill, Gahanesvari, Ekatiri, CaQCJa8avarl, Vajravatr, lta~klli,

Indivari KalIka (perhaps the same as NIlasarasvatI), Dhanada
KalI, Ramanya, leana KalI and Mantramata. 'The first part of
this MS. is named Kalasa\lkar~aI}I, the second Vidyavidyesva-
ricakra and the third part Y ak~iI}10akra. The colophon of the
work like that of all ancient tantras is too long and appears to
be a string of nallies, the import of which, if it existed at all, is
lost. It runs thus in the present case :-' Iti Sri Bhairava-
srotasi Vidyapltbe Siraschede Jayadrathayamale, Catur
viIpsatisahasramahatantre dvitlya ~atke,' &c., &c.
Jhaiikarakaraviratantra, p. 181, No. 109, is a mahatan-
tra complete in 8,000 elokas. The present MS. therefore
with 675 slokas is only a fragment. The worship prescribed
in it is that of Cal}dakapalinI, a fierce form of the goddess
KalI, decked in sculls. The work appears more to be a com-
pilation than an original tantra. Jha:gkesvari, who has a soli-
tary temple in the fierce-looking' woodland, a few miles oft
Kathmandu, was an objec~ of great worship in Nepal. Kara-
vlra with yellow flowers is sacred to KaII, and Jha:gkara means
a peculiar sort of noise. In this form of worship a noisy
Karavlra is preferred. This is a relic of tree worship.
. l'attvasara, p. 79, No. 1684 111, is an interlocution between
~a~anana and Siva on the nature of Godhead and emanci.
pation. See Raj. Mitra, No. 2142. Eggelling, p. 800, describes
a Tattvasira which is an interlocution between Suts and
Baunaka.
Tirirahasyavrttiki, p. 31, No.' 1076 'I, by 8al}kara, in
Maithila character, dated L. Sam. 511=1624 A.D. See 1.0.
Cat., p. 908 A. This is a ~trika compilation by SaJp-
ka.rlc&rya of GaucJadesa, complete in 15 patalas.
TripurIBundarlprata.4stotralp, p. 54., No . 1876 .-, is
from the Rudraylmala.
TripuriBtBva, p. 54, No. 1876 11, is also from the sa.m8
sou,.roe.
.
Tripurikavaca, p. 54, No. 1876 a, is also called Sarvart'ha
aidbaD801Jl .or the means of attaining all obj~ts.
 PREPA.CE. lxiii

. Tripurajapahomavidhih, p. 86, No. 1648 W, is from the

Vamakesvaratantra.
Tripurasnanadi-nityakarmavidhil}, p. 74, No. 15841 .
These five complete what may be called a paiicagga of Tripura
worship.
Tvaritastotra, p. 8, No. 226 1Ir. Tvarita is a form of Kali,
the. process of whose worship is in the righthanded form
given in 'rantrasara(Cal. Ed., p. 182). She is described as dark,
and decorated on the head with a peacock's tail, with her cloth
made of leaves. She bends forward a little towards the front
oWing to the weight of her bosom, over which hangs. a garland
of gunja with tho 8 serpent lords forming various ornaments
of her body. She is in the form of a lady from the border-
land, with hands raised in the position of granting boon and
protection. She has three eyes.
Dlk~avidhi1.I, p. 19, No. 736 a, treats of the usual initiation
ceremony of a votary of tantra.
Devikasadhanalp, p. 7, No.18o Ill, treats of propitiating
Devika by a house-holder.
DevIkavacaIp, p. 55, No. 1478 'U, is in Newari character.
Narapatijayacarya, p .. 69, No. 1537.. Dr. Bhandar-
kar, in p. 85 of his Report for 1882-88, says, " The author wrote
this book at Anahilapattana in the reign of Ajayapala who
occupied the Caulukya throne from 1174 to 1177 A.D. He
finished the work on Tuesday the first of the light half of
Caitra inthe year 1282 of Vikrama corresponding to 1176 A.D."
Svarodayadipika, p.41 and 107, No. 1186, by Jagajjyotir-
malla, is a unique commentary on the above written by Raja
Jagajjyotirmalla of Bhatgi in Nepal and copied by his court
Pal}~it VaIpsamaI}.i, a Maithil,a. Brahma~. The date of com-
position is 1586 Saka= 1614 A.D. 1;he King brought the work
from a distant country. There is a long genealogy of the
Solar Kings of Nepal in this MS. which ha& been fully utilized
by Prof. Bendall in his hi~tory of ~ep81 appended to this
work. T~e;' .extent of y,k"amalla.~i! domi~JoD,s is given 88
Mithill, Magadha, Ga.yl, the wholeQf . Nepal,_ ~~gadesa.the
:lxiv PREFACE.

Ganges, Gorkha, Palpl and in the North, seven days' journey

from Nepal.
Nitya-naimittika-vidhih or Sakti sntra, p. 18, No. 619 v,
is a work on daily rites of the worshippers of Sakti.
Nityatantra, p. 8, No. 226 tr. Nitya is a form of Kali
mentioned in the Tantrasara next after Tvarita. She is dark-
red with the moon crescent on the forehead, with lotus,
noose, ailkusa, the goad for driving an elephant, and full human
sculls in her four hands. Her dress, her ornaments and her
garlands are all red. She has three eyes. She is wife of
Siva with her frame shaking with lust and wine. This is
a tantra on her worship. .
NityahQikatilakarp., pp. 45,47, and 111, Nos. 182011 and
1If, is an unique work on the daily rites of the Tantrikas. The'
MS. in p. 45 was copied in Newari character in N.S. 81'7=
1197, the year of the Muhammadan conquest of Bihar; it was
copied by .Icarya Harihara in the reign of Vijayakamadeva,
alid that in 47 in N.S. 528=1403 A.D. The author is Mun-
jaka, also called J aya, the son of SrIkaQtha who was an adept
in the Pascima Sasana. The ancient tantras are divided as be-
longing to north, south, east and west Sasanas. The worship
of Kubjika and the Sastra Kubjikamata (for which see infra) be-
longs to the Pascima class. This work appears to be a very old
compilation,-a handbook of the Kubjikamata. It says that
the Saiva cult is higher than the Vedas, the DakllliQa is higher
than the Saiva. The Pascima is the highest of all. The highest
aim of this cult is said to be proficien~y in three kinds of Bhelaka
or jugglery. The author's father, SrIkaQtha, appears to have
been a great writer of this cult. It is difficult to say whether
Jaya or Munjaka was a son or a disciple of SrIkal}tha. Per-
haps he was both, as the Nathas, though leading a monastic life,
are credited with having children. The Nath~s or those who
attained success in Tantrika cults were recruited from the low-
est classes and from outcastes, and their Sanskrit therefore is
incorrect, ungrammatical and often unintelligible, as ia the
case with the present work.
 PREFAOE.

Nilvlslkhya MaMtantra, p. 11, No. !'79, is in a very

dilapidated condition. I have pointed out that the Bivaite
work on architecture is a part of this tantra. The present
codex professes to be six thousand alokas in extent, but. the
MS. does not seem to go much beyond the Prat,;hi tantra.
It was copied in N.S. 180= 1060 A.D
. Nrt;yesvaratantra, p. 201, No. 1822. The Professors of
dancing, singing and histrionic representations regard Siva
as the presiding divinity of these arts, and they call him
Nrtyesvara, Natesvara and so on. This tantra is named after"
him. The subject-matter of a tantra. need not have any
close relation with the name. The present MS. is a mere
fragment extending to 56 Slokas. It gives the formulae of
meditating upon 8 Bhairavis and 8 Ma.h~k~lis whose names
are to be found in p. 202. At the end of this MS. there is an
invocation to all the viras, i.e., successful heroes in the left-
handed form of worship, and they include Bh~rgava, Hantlma.t,
Bhima among others noted in the Epics a.nd Pural}as.
Nrsi1llhasundarikavaca, p. 202, No. (8) 48, treats of an
amulet consecrated to Nrsirphasundari. This is a unique
work forming a pa.rt of a unique ta.ntra entitled Sammilana-
tantra.
P~ramesvarimatatantra, p. 85, No. 1647 w. There is a
P~ramel!lvarimatatantra mentioned and described in Prof.
Bendall's Cam. Cat. p. 27.
PithapOj~vidhi1;t, p. 17, No. 491, is a work on Tlntrika
rituals about the Pithas, places consecrated by the fall of the
limbs of Sati after her death at the sacrifice of her father
D~. Unique.
PurascaraQaCandrika, p. 50, No. 1361 ~, by Devendrlra-
ma, the disciple of VibudhendriSrama, is a Kaula work. The
author in Raj. Mitra 2399 styles himself Mintrika Cakravartl
or. the Emperor of mystic formulae.
. Purascaryyarl}.ava, p. 205, No. (2) 3'76, by Pratapa
Simhaslha~ the Mahlmjidhirija of Nepal, in 1881 Samvat=
1776 A..D. Unique. The Imperial author consulted many"
9
 PREFAOE

.lgatnas, Paddhatis,rUpani~ds, Jyoti,a works, works On veteri-

na:ty science, Pural)as and Smrtis.
. Pu,pacintamaQi, p. 207, No. 966, isatant~ikacompilation
on the subject of offering appropriate Rowers to various tan-
trika divinities. Unique. Date of copyingN.S. 872=1752 A.D.
The work is divided into 4 prakasas treating of the flowers
enjoined and prohibited in the worship of such gods as Siva,
V~l}u,' Durga, and Dak~Qakali. .
Piljavidhil,1, p. 89, No. 1176 1f, is a tantrika work in
Newan character.
Pl1rvamnayatantra, p. 208, No. 109, by Ratnadeva, in
Newari character, is a short tantrika compilation. From the
name it appears to be a compilation from those tantras which
are classed as eastern. It gives the process of performing
28 tantrika rites. Unique .
.Prat"hasarasa.Ipgraha);t, p. 78, No. 1688 3. The archi-
tecture and consecration of temples. It was composed be-
cause in this iron age people had no access to original tantl'as.
Composed in N.S. 778, by Radha, who was a favourite both of
the King and the Queen.
Prapancasaratantra, pp. 79 and 117, No. 1633 ~, dated
L. Sam 408. An original tantra in long and flowing verses by
one who calls hiinself Acarya, see Eggeling 1.0. Cat. 869 B.
abd H. P. V 01. lI. 180. This is a Vai'Qava Tantra. The
present MS. contains 88 patalas.
Prayalcittasamuccaya, . p; 215, No. 1297, character
Newari. . The author is Hrdayailiva; the disciple of bvaralliva,
-who belonged to the school of RaJ;lipatra Lambakal'Qa
belonging to the MattamayuravaIpsa. The last went from
RaQipatra to Goratikamatha 'and was at once accepted as his
O'\'f'11 by 'the Rlija of Dhal'a. The work is'Tantrika as opposed
to SIdrtta. Unique. The discovery of this work: shows that
at one time an attempt was seriously made to set up a complete
code of- Saiva and Tantrika regulation of life. The author says
that hiswm is bne of. many of' the'kind. It belongs to Q.tl
,unknoWD -IJUJ;hatalltta -named Bithula which' is -quOted. in
 Madanaparija;ta, CaI. Ed. p. 47. But the editor, a. Mahl-
mahopadhyaya, calls Bathula a ~~i: HrdayaSlva is complP"8d
to Vidyeavara in learning.
Prasadadipikamantra-tippanam, p. 216, No. 1456. Uni-
que. It is a Tantrika compilation dealing in the last chapters
with the consecration of temples. There are altogether 28
chapters. The name of the work has be.en taken from the
Ma:ggalacaraQa. .Aufrecht says that a work of this name has
been quoted in Madanaparijata. The name therefore is
Prasadadipika, and Mantratippana is a case in apposition.
It traverses the entire field of Tantrika subjects.
Bhairavarcanam, p. 87, No. 1648~, is a liturgical work
in Newari character. Fifteen leaves only.
Maiijusri-Sadhana, pp. 53 and 121, No. 1863 8', is a pro-
cess of propitiating the Buddhist Bodhisattva Ma:iijusri. He
is sometimes regarded as male and sometimes as -female.
The Hindus regard him as Sarasvati the goddess of learning;
the Buddhists regard him as the lord of power and learning.
He has a sword in one hand and a MS. in the other; as the
presiding god of all learning and skill he is also the god of
arts, both fine and mechanical, and so the present work
on Silpa is appropriately called MaiijusrisadhanaIp. It treats
of such topics as temple architecture, construction of images,
etc., making of domestic utensils, and so on. The writer of the
work was absolutely ignorant of Sanskrit and writes in So
language which is the language of practical SI}pagastra. under-
stood by the Silpa-practisers only.
Mantroddhart\, p. 77, No. 1688 'f, treats of the evolution
of mystic syllables or words fro.m their description given in
the tantras. The Mantras are generally. giv~n in. mystic
,sentences, each word of which represents some letter in the
Mantra. This is the lJlOst mysterious, "diffioult and stupid
part of tantrika. literature, , There" is a work entitled
Mantrako~, a modern cOIDPilat4on, which. da~ls ,~laborately
with this mystery. The preIiiEUlt,MS. app~&tQ JltL an
original tantra on the subiect. Jt has.six pa{;ala~ - '
aviii PREFAOE.

Matanga.-paramesvaratantra, p. 219, No. (2)171, in

Nigari oharacter, is a longish work :-an original tantra divided
into four parts, oalled padas, namely, Vidya, Kriya, Yoga,
Oarya. The last pada only has nine pa~alas. The work
has been noticed by Burnell, p. 205 A; Cat. 10. p. 905 A.,
HuIlzsch, Vol 1I, 958. A commentary on the work has been.
noticed by HuIlzsch, V 01. 1I. 956, and Sans. ColI. Cat. Vol Ill. 91.
P The commentator RamakaQ.tha says that the work has four
padas-Vidya, Kriya, Upasya and Siddhi. MSS. of the
Siddhipada. and the last portion of the Upasyapada ha.ve yet
to be discovered. The. Cataloguists have divided it into four
padas without the Siddhipada, i.e., they have divided the third
or Upasyapada into two, namely, the Yoga and the Oarya.
The work seems to be a very large one, as the Tanjore MS.
contains more than 12,000 alokas, and is yet incomplete.
The present MS. appears to be a smaller recension of the
work, as nearly the very same number of subjects are dealt
with in about 4,000 slokas. The 1.0. MS. appears to be
even smaller than this.
PaQ.CJ.ita. HAIkesa is right in his surmise that this is a
Saiva .lgamaj-at least so the commentator makesit. Onan
examination of the contents of this MS. and of those of
Faramesvaratantra, p. 27, BendaIl's Cam. Cat., I cannot help
hazarding a conjecture that these two works are but larger
and shorter recensions of the same tantrika work.
Matasara, p. 22~, No. 1512, in Newari oharacter, is unique.
It treats of the worship of Balakubjika ~nd is complete in
ten pataJas. This appears to be a work related to the Kub-
jikamata and KuJa,)ikamnaya. The sam.e Pithas are mentioned,
namely, 04iyana, Jala and Pnr(la; but the second is said to be
to the south of the first and the third to the north of the second.
The writer evidently confounded Jala with Matanga.
Molqasopanatyka, p. 228, No. 1498, in Newari oharacter,
is an anonymous commentary on an unknown work entitled
Moq...sopina, atintrika. work on emanoipation. Thetext
begins "0Ip n~tute Mahlmaye."
 .:t>REFAOlf.

Mahalaktmi plays an important part in modern Saiva and

Tantrika worship. She is regarded as one of the eight matrkas
and is greatly worshipped in the Marhatta country. She is
represented in this Catalogue by no less than six works.
There are:-
MahalakfDlimata-bhattaraka, p. 47 and 128, No. 1820 ".
The MS. is dated N.S. 880=1260 A.D. It was copied by
Kayastha U dayaha.r~a rapidly for Sa:tp.khyapala's edifica-
tion. The'work is to contain 1,800 slokas, but the MS. contains
about 1,500. It is a part of a great Tantrika work entitled
Mahamantrasara containing 24,000 slokas. The cult of
Mahalaqmi, says the scribe, is the nectar of the rays of the
great cults, i.e., he thinks this to be the highest Tantrika cult.
MahalakfDlimahatmyaJP, p. 54, No. 1876 11.
Mahalaqmimahatmya-vratavyakhyanasamuccaya, pp. 52
and 84, Nos. 1868 .. and 1645 ai. 'fhe first was copied in
N.S. 688 and the second in 505 by VIrasi:tp.ha. They are both
complete in 16 pata,las. The author is said to be Gilava a ~~.
A Galava is quoted in Supadma VyakaraQam. So this is
another way of attributing Tantrika works to ~,is.
Mahalak,mivrata:tp. or Lak,micaritalp, p. 46, No. 1820
er, by Rama Kaviraja, in five. chapters, was copied N.S. 399 =
1279 A.D.
Mahalak,mivratakatha, p. 84, No. 1645 R, was copied in
N.S.502.
Mahalak~mlvPatamaha.tmyavya.khya.na:tp., p. 26, No.
910 w.
Maha.ma.yl is represented in this Catalogue in three works.
Mahamayastava\t, pp. 78 and 83, Nos. 1688 s, and 1645
., in Newari character. The first was copied in N.S. 391 =
1271 A.D.. and it treats of Siva and Sakti as united in
pleasure.
Mah.imlYittaka, p. 87, No. 1648 11, in Newari character,
was copied in N.S. 584=1464 A.D. .
Malinistuti and MalinIstotram, pp. 75 and 82, Nos. 1608
and 1645 v, are hymns to Maha.mayl in MalinI verseS. ."
 YuddhajayarlJava, pp. 1 and 81, Nos. 72 and 1634 W, both
in Newari. The second is dated 426 N.S.=1306 A.D. m
Jayasthi,ti Malla's victorious reign. The work noticed in
p. 81 appears to be the same as in 1.0. Cat. p. 1080-81. It
is a work on svarodaya in ten patalas. But that in p. 1
appears to be a different work and a tantrika one, treating
vf Puja and similar, Tantrika topics.
Yogaguhya, p. 8, No. 226 ., brought down from
heaven to earth by KaI;lthanatha who, as SrlkaI;ltha, is already
known from the Nityahnikatilakarp, Cat. pp. 45~ 47 and 111.
It teaches the mysteries of Tantrika yoga. But unfortunately
there are only a few leaves in the Darbar library.
Yoginivijayastavaraja, p. 286, No. 1542, from the Brahma-
yamala, is a ~hort work in Newari character copied in N.S.
811. This was first spoken by SIva to his consort, and then
Pippalada-muni brought it down from heaven to earth.
This is one of the ways of affiliating Tantras to the Vedas.
Pippalada is said in the PuraQas to be the propounder of a
Sakha of the Atharva Veda, and he is now made the revealer
of this hymn. In the second Sloka of the Ma:ggalacaraI;la,
Rama comes in for a share of the Tantrika worship.
The MS. of Yogapltha, p. 59, No. 1473 v, has only five
leaves in Newari character containing only two chapters
and a few verses of the work. It treats of Krama or grada-
tion, so greatly insisted upon in the Kulalika. ,
RatnapaQcakavatara, p. 238, No. 1552, is an original tan-
'tra in which Kubjika and Bhairava are the interlocutors.
The five Ratnas are Kula, Akula, Ka'ula, Kul~taka and
Kul34a\ka. There are eleven pa\a1as in this work. It appears
to be a treatise of the Kubjikamata,. the extent of wl1ich is
stated to be 12,000 and not 24,000 Slokas. Th!3 principal
object of this work are the five jewels, the woo:ship and
mantras of which are expatiated upon. Copied by KalidasSo
'in N.S. 740=1620 A.D.
Rajakalpadruma, p. 242, No. (2) 82 by ~~ajadhiraja
Rajendra. Vikrama Saha' of Nepal (1816 to ~,841 A.D.). [See
 PREFACE. lxxi

my Report, p. 17, and Bendall's History of Nepal, p.17.] The

Maharajadhiraja wanted to make an encyclopredic compilation
of the Tantras. In the opening line he says that mantras are
of three classes, viz., Vaidika, Tantrika and Misra. The Royal
author gives his genealogy as follows :-
Vikrama came from the Citrakilta in Bundelkhand to the
Himalayas. His son was
Jillaraja.
I
Ajita.
I
Atallaraja.
I
Tutharaja.
I
Vimikiraj a.
I
Hariraja.
I
Brahmaraja.
I
Mammatha.
. I
Jainakhan.
I
Silryyakhan.
I
Mlcakhan.
I
Vicitra.
I
Yaso-Brahma Sahl.
I
Dravyasahi Saka 1481. Entered the Gorkha Valley.
I .
Puma
"
Sahl.
Rama Sahl.
.1 . ..
Dambara- Sahl. -
. I-
Inii PREFACE,.

... I 8~hi.
Krsna
Rudra 8ahi.
I
Prthvipati S~hi.
I
Virabhadra.
I
Narabhiip~la S~hi.
I
PrthVinar~yaI;ta S~hi conquered Nepal, Saka 1690= 1768 A.D.
I
r
Prat~fasimha
~
Bahadura
Rana Bah~dura.
. I
Girv~l)ayuddhavikrama.
I
R~jendra Vikrama.
The work is complete in 14 Patalas. Its real name is
Mantra-kalpadruma, and it is a treatise of Mantras~stra. It
includes Vi~:t;lumantra in the Tantras.
Lak~myavat~rstotraIp, p. 46, No. 1320 1iiI', was copied in
N.S. 408= 1288.
Lalit~rcanacandrik~, p. 248, No. 97, was composed by
Saccid~nandan~tha,. The author was asked by his disciples
at Jalandar to compile a liturgy of Lalit~, a form of the
Devi. It is a comprehensive work running through about
5,000 slokas, divided into 25 chapters, called prak~sas: The
work treats of the duties of a T~ntrika. It quotes from
Pur~l)as too.
V~makesvari in her Tripur~ image is a form of the
Devi whose cult is represented by a large mumber. of works
in the T~ntrika literature and by three works in this Cata-
logue.
V~makesvari-p\1j~-paddhati, p. 49, No.l861. 11, runs
through 17 pages of Newari writing. .
 PR'EFAOE. lxxiii
Vamakesvarimatatippanatp, p. 71, No. 1559 !:, appears to
be a commentary or rather a gloss on a work entitled Vamake!-
varatantra. [No. 1865 and 1866 of the Bikanir Catalogue.]
The original work contains 5 Pat alas, the first has no name, the
second treats of the process of worshipping Tripura, the third
of Mudra,-the various contortions of the fingers and not the
sauces which appetise in drinking,-the fourth of the practice
of the three Vlja mantras [HS Rairp, HS Klrnp., HS Ramp]
appropriate to Tripura Bhairavi, and, the fifth of the homa
proper to her. The commentator is Manmatha Pati and the
scribe Narayal~a Kavi, and the date of copy is N.S. 474= 1854
A.D. The commentator says that the text is 400slokas in
extent.
Vamakesvari-stuti-nyasa-pOja-vidhayal), p. 32, No. 1077
u, was composed by Vatsaraja who is said to have been a
Vidyadharacakravarttin. The Vidyadhal'as are first known
to have ruled in Mysore and then on the banks of the Nar-
mada. They were a race said to have possessed occult powers.
VarUl;tapOja, p. 76, No. 1688 q', and Varunayagavidhih,
p. 77, No. 1638 u, are parts of Nandikesvaramata [in one MS.
Nandikegvaraprokta], asystem of tantra and that portion of it
which deals with the consecration of Temples, &c. As regards
the existence of NaQdikegvaramata there is a Taladhyaya of
the System in Cat. Cat. p. 276 A, Vol. I.
Vidyapitha, p. 88, No. 16938, is a work on Guhya. Kill
of Nepal in three chapters.
Vimalavati, p. 68, No. 1586 ~, is a Tantrika work incom-
plete both at the beginning and at the end. It treats of Pnjl
Homa, DIman and Dik,a.
V f,asarasatpgraha, p. 92, No. 86 11, of the New Colleo-
tion, in N ewari character, is a 9ivaite Tantrika work.
9aradatilaka, pp. 78, 84 and 88, Nos. 1588 v, 1647 _, and
1648 s,is a well-known compilation of Tantra by Laqmal}8r
DeSika. All the MSS. are in Bengali character. The last was
copied in E1aka 1886=1414, A.D. The most valu~ble commen-
tary on this work which contains 25 Patalas, representing 25 .
10
lxnv PREFACE.

tattvas of the Satpkhyas, is the Padarthadarsa by ltaghava

Bhatta, for which see supra my notice of Kalita.ttva. Com-
menting upon the geneological verses of LalqlmaQa, Ra,ghava
says Mahabala was the founder of the family. His son waS
.lcarya PaJ}<)ita. His son Kf,Qa and his son Lak,mal}a the
author. The conjecture of Raj. Mitra that he belonged to the
yarendra class of Bengal brahmar;aas is based on a misreading
of VilraI}.endra.
Saradatilakatika, p. 12, No. 287, by PUJ}yapala Deva
Maharaja,dhiraja, is a unique commentary not known to
Aufrecht.
Sivakavaca, p. 54, No. 1376 "l, is from the Bhairava-
tantra.
Sivadharmasastre Santyadhyaya, erroneously called
aivadharma, p. 55 and 128, No. 1876 W, contains one chapter
only, namely that on Santi spoken of by Nandikesvara.
Sivadharmasarpgraha, p. 92, No. 86 111', of the new collec-
tion, is a collection of Saiva works in Newari character. The
name has been given by my travelling PaI}.<)it Vinodavihari
~avyatlrtha. The Government collection in the Asiatic
Society's Library has a similar collection acquired from Nepal
with six works. See preface to V 01. XI, pp. 7 and 8.
Sivadharmottara, p. 92, No. 86111, in Newari character,
is a work on Saivaism mentioned by Btirnell in p. 188 B.
as containing 9,400 Slokas. The present MS. purports to be a
sequel to that work. It is mentioned by Burnell in p. 195 A as
containing about 2,000 Slokas. See als~ Raj. Mitra, 2208. It
contains 18 chapters. See Cat. Adhair Library which says
it has 12 chapters.
Sri: Kapalesvari Bhlma Devya.1}. PUjapaddhatil}., p. 70,
No. 11>1>9 w, otherwise called PitfDirmocanika, is in Newari
character. .
Sarvajiianottaratantra, p. 81>, No. 1648 W, contains 40 leaves
in Guptak~ra. The MS. is defective both in the beginning and
at. the end. There are no colophons. The interlocutors are
Siva and ~a4lnana. This was spoken after the completiOn' of .
 PREFAOE.

the Bltthula tantra. As by ohurning the sea the gods obtained

the neotar, so was this tantra obtained by extraoting the
essenoes of all tantras. This appears to be the youngest
tantra of some oult, perhaps the Bathula sohool. [For Bathula
tantra see supra.] The South Indian Batula is perhaps a mis-
reading for Bathula. See p. 88, Madras Government Lib.
Cat., and Hulizsoh, Vol. II, 1086 and 1097.
Siddhapanoasika, p. 57, No. 1478 '11', in five patalas, appears
to be a part of the Kulalikamnaya. The soene is laid not in
the Himalayas but on the Mahendracala. One of the
epithets of 8iva is 8avara, a low tribe inhabiting the Eastern
ooasts of India, in the Kalinga country. ParvatI says, "I have
al~eady heard Siddhantas, Qamaras, Dak~il,;las, Garu<}a and
Bhtitatantra and Kulasastras; now I am anxious to hear
the beginning of Kala, the creation above, below and even
below that. The MS. was copied by Mahadeva in Newari
character.
Siddhasantanasadhana-sopana-paddhati or Srlmatapad-
dhati, p. 67, No. 1586~, by Yasoraja, the son of Gopa, is ,a
t.ntrika compilation in 15 patalas, and belongs to the
Srlmata or Kulalikamnayatantra.
Siddhantasarapaddhati\l, pp. 52 and 180, No. 1868 45, by
Maharajadhiraja Bhojadeva, was copied in N .S. 187 =1067
A.D. It treats of the usual tantrika topics. It is difficult to
say who this Maharajadhiraja Bhojadeva was. The great
Bhoja of Dhara reigned in the beginning of the eleventh cen-
tury, but there was a Bhojadeva in Nepal about the same
time. The great Bhoja's compilations are Imperial and
Encyclopredic. But this is a small work and a hand-book.
Then again there is no tradition that the Malava Bhoja ever
made a tantrika compilation.
Siddhilak~myarcanaIp, p. 72, No. 1559 W, is a liturgical
book on the worship of SiddhiIakljlmI. There is a goddess
named SiddhilakljlmI mentioned both in Vi~upural}a and
Brahmil}cJapuril)a.
. Sudhlttarailgil}Itantra, p. 266, No. 1589, by Saktivallabha
1xxvi PREFAClil.

Bhat\iClryya, is fragment of a tantrika compilation by a

Bengali The chapters are named Kallolas.
Saubhagyatara:r;a.giI)i, p. 268, No. 1458, in N ewari charac~er, .
is a Tintrika compilation divided into four laharIs or waves
by Mukunda on the worship of Sakti for obtaining Baubhagya
or good fortune. .
Saura-saIphita, p. 44, No. 1280 'Ii, is an original tantra,
the interlocutors being Karttika and Siva. It is an unique
work. There are several works of this name known in
Paurit:r;tika. Literature. But this is a tantra. The work -is
complete in ten patalas. At the end of the MS. there are two
leaves in Gupta character giving a number of Tantrika formuloo.
The main work is dated N.S. 61=941 A.D. Though a tantra
the work does not treat of Siva or Sakti but of the Sungod.
There are so few works on the worship of the Sun, which
formed one of the five great systems of worship in India,
that the importance of this work cannot be overrated.
Saubhagyaratnakara, p. 269, No. 1472, by Vidyananda-
na;tha, the disciple of Saccidanandanatha. It is a complete
MS. in 36 tarangas treating of the left-handed form of worship
to be taught to Kaulas and not to animals (paaus). Copied in
SaIpvat 1952 and composed at Prayaga. The author modestly
calls himself Avidyanandanatha. [See Bk. Cat. p. 610.]
V AI~~AVA T ANTRAS.
Gopaladhyanaraja, p. 61, No. 1508 v, is a formula
of meditation on Gopala, the child form of Knu;l8. from an
unknown tantrika work entitled Gopalatantra.
Devamrtapaiicaratra, pp. 84 and 106, No. 1078 W, is a
work of Va~va tantra written in prefectly ungrammatical
Sanskrit. The work is unique in 11 patalas. The interlocu-
tors are Sanat-kumara and Lokapitamaha. It treats of con-
secration of V~J;lu images and of V~J;lu temples, the
nature of V~.I}u, whether he is embodied in any form or is
formless, and such topics.
. Jiiinatilaka, p. 180, No. 1840, is a small Tintrika work
in the praise of Guru. The interlocutors are N~rada and
Vi~Qu. It does not appear to be a part of the:Padmapur~Qa
as in Biirnell, p. 98B, but a stray chapt~r from a Paiicar~tra.

TANTRA SAHITAS.

As I have said elsewhere, the Mah~nirv~J.la tantra which

attempts to regulate t~ntrika life as completely, as Manu does
the Sm~rtta life, gives in the first chapter the description of
a distinct religious literature partly vedic and partly t~ntrika.
The writer says that this literature was held binding in the
Dv~para Yuga. Then came Kali' in which the Agamas and
the Nigamas obtained binding force. Scholars were very un-
willing to recognize the existence of this literature. But it
appears to me that the Durbar Library contains at least two
works which may safely be attributed to this literature,
namely:-
Nisv~satattvasarphit~, pp. 10 and 187, No. 277, is written
in transitional Gupta character which may be a century older,
than the P~ramesvara tantra, copied in 859 A.D. The first
half of the work is called Srauta and the second half Guhya.
The leaves were in disorder. I have put them in order
and it is a complete work running through 114 leaves and
4,500 slokas. [See. Rep., p. 8.]
The other sarphita work is variously termed Jay~khya
sarphita, Jayak,arasarphit~ or J:fi~nalak~i. There are three
MSS. of this work in the collection namely:-
Jay~k~arasarphit~, p. 1, No. 49; Jay~khyasarphit~ or
Jn~nalak~mi, pp. 76 and 77, Nos. 1688 111 and.. The second
in p. 76 is dated N.S. 807 = 1187 A.D. The others are not-
dated. The work is attributed to a human author S~dhaka
Candra Datta who had received favour from Ek~yana.
caryya Nar~yaQagarbha. The work is written in ungram-
matical Sanskrit throughout, and treats of mantrasandarpa!J,a.
and other t~ntrika topics, as well as pretasrMdha antleP,
priyascitta, and other Bm~rtta topics.
 PREFAOE.

KUBJIlU.MATA.

Kulalikimnaye-Kubjikamata, p. 8, No. 226 ; p. 11, No~

285111; p. 11, No. 285 a; p. 84, No. 1078,. j p. 58, No. 1868,,;
p. 541, No. 1868,,; p. 55, No. 14178 111; p. 57, No. 14178 "; p.98.
99; Manthana-bhairava, p. 22, No. 787 a; p. 224, No. (2) 279;
Kidimatam,p.88,No.1152v,Kubjikamatottara, p. 7, No. 185
W; 8rimatottara, p. 255, No. (2) 299. These with Nityllu;aika-
tilakam, pp. 45,47 and 111, Matasara, p. 222, Yogaguhya, p. 8,
Yogapbita, p. 59, Ratnapaiicakavatara, p. 288, Siddhapaiica-
sika, p. 57 and Siddha-santaD.a-sadhana-sopana-paddhati, p.
67, form a collection of unique MSS. of a Tantrika cult very
ancient but now nearly forgotten. The works from want of
time could not be prope.rly described. But the Government
Collection of MSS. in the Asiatic Society has recently been
enriched by two copies of the Kubjikamata, one in Gupta and
the other in Newari character. The former, I thought, was
copied in the sixth century, but it may be a century later. An
examination of these MSS. and the impressions left of the
examination of the Durbar Library MSS., together with the
meagre notes published in the Catalogue, have brought the
following matters to light.
There was a School of Tantra variously named Kubjiki-
mata, Kulalikamnaya, 8rImata, Kadimata Vidylpi~ha,
Divyaugh~~sadbhava and so on. It had f3upplements, Uttaras
named Srimatottara or Manthanabhairava and Kubjikl-
matottara, and it had its compilations, summaries, &c. The
original is said to contain 24,000 slow divided into four parts,
called ~a\kas or six thousands each. Whether the Uttara is
included in the 241,000 it is difficult to decide, b1}t the evidence
available is in favour of their inclusion. In one place, how-
ever, the Ratna-pancaklvatira says that the Srimata-S8rlphitl
is 12,000 only. The Government Gupta MS. says that the
Vedas are not efficacious, and the work in 24,000 slokas is most
effieacious, and of the 241,000 the first six thousand is the best
The antiquity of the School is vouched by the facts that a

1DIX.
PREfACE.

Gupta MS. has been obtained; that Kubjiki (tantra) is quoted

by Abhinavagupta in his Tritplika;; that the MS. p. 54, was
copied in the reign of Mahara;ja;dhira;ja Paramelvara
ParamabhattiLraka Paramasaugata _Srlmad RAmapa;la-
devasyapravardha--- about 1080 A.D. [see Mabel Duff]; the
MS. in p. 55 was copied in N.S. 155=1085 A.D. The MS.,
p. 98, was copied in N.S. 280= 1160; that in p. 99, in N.S.
299= 1179, and that Nitya;hQikatilaka was copied in N.S.
817 = 1197. The literary activity of the School see~s to have
ceased after that time.
The School, though very ancient, presupposes the exis-
tence of other Schools, for in the G.G. MS. mention is several
times made of PUrvatantre and" Tantre tantre tu sa Mayi
kathitonekadhi "; and in Srlmatottara, p. 256, Nitya;tantra
appears to have preceded.
It presupposes Devaya;na, Pitrya;na, and Mahiya;na, for
in leaf XLIIIA we get-
~ ~qfHa?t ~ fq.f('ij~~ I
~~ ",'lJIi fl(Win lTitfl' I
The GG. MS. is a smaller recension of the Kubjika;mata.
In a leaf, the page mark of which has corroded, appears
this verse.- t
~N~ ~ ~C{ p~,m I
~ Cf'!t' iIIl.,TCf .... r4if'4t\C(,'Ca'(
The cult comes from outside the Vedas :-
VIII A. 4. 1IlqJ ~tnI'~"fIr:ti~lfitlqO I
-I!: "Ill"
"'n,q~~ a~ ~1~ ''It_a:

~~'IRI ~.r v~cftftm{ I

wC{ ~( ~~fi( ,~ 'f( ~:

t1r:~~1Iii 'In" 1I1(RldtIfi4fmlf: 8
It comes from outside India:--
-.. XIB. ~ tti 1fT(lf ~ ~: I
..
~q.navit~1f p cf'l(itflT.I
- '- . ., -.
.-.'
li:xJt PREFAOE.

3I~ 'iii md - ,. .f'RItil,1(1

i'\
I
... "10.
"u11": 1f is
~"T: 1f~
~
n q.""
~~ ~ru, ~~lm ~: I

~(nfif ~~it qil1ftCfC( q"~TQfcf ,

am:( 1\' it' i'f1fT ~n~ ~"R. 115f1'ilt n

In several places it is described as the Pascimamnaya, i.e.,

as coming from the west. [The tantras have five Schools from
the directions from which they come, namely, Uttaramnaya,
Dak~iQamnaya Pnrvamnaya, Pascimamnaya and "Orddhvam-
naya.]
Five PIthas there enumerated are :-
(1) O~iya;na, in Orissa; (2) Ja;la, in Jalundar; (8) Pilr~,
in the Marhatta country; (4) Matanga, in Srisailaj and (5)
Kamakhya, in Assam.
Its tendency and its attitude towards the professors
of other religions in India may be inferred from the follow-
ing' which enjoins prayascittas for killing the priests of
various sects :-
XLII B. ii11",U-ca 11,(1 ~ _l~faaT ~C{
~~1(fafif: "r.: 1A1fif... ~C(: I
1f1~ ~T '" mTfqi fif'JllQW
~ ~... "''1'.. 1.. '''"1 I
lfIl('Sf.... qla1t'a anfe......it" ~ 0
~ ""'~ Wo '2
The purport of this obscure and ungrammatical pas-
sage seems to be that the din of killing a Brahma~ may be
atoned by repeating a certain mantra 20,00,000 times; a
Buddhist Arhat, double as much; a Nakula. a Raudraka or
8,00,00,000; and a guru of the Kubjikamata 5,00,00,000. The
work has more sympathy for the Buddhists than for the
Brlbma'\l8So
The author is afraid ~that the Magas (who were then
 PREFAOE. uxxi
probably pouring in India from Scythia and Persia) would
one day become equal to the Brabma.t;tas.
The work mentions the following countries in India-
KOilkana Cela, Bilhika, Bailgala, Kamariipaka, Magadha,
Saindhava, Gurjjara, La.)a and others. . .
_ Its attitude towards Vedanta, i.e., U pani,ads and not
SaIpkara Vedanta, is given thns:-
L.V.B. =it~ JI~liwrit ~i! ~~"iIR::
~~~ 1fT1l11fTffl lPl.:CJi ~, I
~

This MS. will be fully described in its proper place when a

descriptive Catalogue of the Government Collection will be
taken in hand.
From a perusal of the notes in the Catalogue it appears
that the Sastra had many recensions. The G.G. MS. is a
recension of 6,000, that in p. 84 contains 150 slokas only,
those in p. 57 have versified colophons. The Government
Newar MS. is about 8,500 slokas in extent.
These are all abstracts of the original. There are seven
PRAKARAl.IlA works, i.e., special treatises. [See supra.]
V ARI SASTR.A.
Varisastra, p. 76, No. 16331'1, treats of the prognos~ics of
rain, the materials for which were drawn principally from the
work of Garga. The MS. was copied in N~S_. 190= 1070 A.D.
BUDDHIST WORKS.

A!lItasahasrika prajiiaparamitit, p. 88, No. 1693 v, and p.

89, No. 2 1'1, of the new collection. They are both on palm
leaves and both in Newari.
Katipaya Bauddhacitra.t;tI. ~ome Buddhist pictures, 'p. 12,
N~3M. . .
Kara.t;t~avynha, p. 89, No. 2 111', in Newari character.
Jatakamala, p. 89, No. 2 a, contains only five of the
Jatakas, namely, (1) Grhajataka, (2) Halpsa,o (8) Yajiiaoand
(4) Vyaghrio. The entire work . has been published. in
-America.
n
 xxxii PREFACE.

Jilanakarika, p. 79, No. 1684 QI', is a tantrika work of the

Buddhists, attributed to Matsendranatha, commonly called
Macchindranatha, whose temple at Patan is the greB.t resort
of all Buddhists, in Nepal, and whose car festival is the great-
est festival in the valley. The work treats of such topics as
Dharma and Adharma.
Divyavadana, p. 89, No. 2 'I, contains many avadanas,
notably Riipavati and not Riipavati as in Cowell's edition,
Km.mlavadana., and Pa1psupradanavadana. 'fhe reading
often differs from the printed text. This is the only palm
leaf MS. of the work known.
Ni~panna-yogavali, p. 34, No. 1113 'I, contains 11 leaves
in Newari character, copied in N.S. 686=1566 A.D., by
Ravic:tndra, for his own use at the Sin-komagudi Vihara.
'fhe scribe was a Vajracarya. The subject-matter treated of
is the yoga practised by BhagavanBuddha with success. This
appears to belong to the Vajrayana system of Buddhism as
the Bhagavan Vajrasattva is represented as holding Vajra
and sitting in the midst of a circle protected on all sides by
Vajras. The great deity of this School is Vajrasattva, the high
priest of the gods and represented as a form of Buddha. He
is prominently mentioned in this work. The author is
Abhayakaragupta. For another work of the same author see
Bendall Cam. Cat. p~ 197. He is called a Mahapal,l~ita. .
Prayascitta Saucacaravidhi, p. 214, No. 1108, is a Bud.
dhist work on expiation of sins such as killing animals, kill-
ing Vajracaryas, killing BrahmRl,las, killing K~atriyas, &c.,
killing- cows, interc<;mrse with unclean tribes, eating unclean
food, touching unclean things, purification and Sraddha.
~l'his _also appears, to be a york of the Vajrayana school of
Buddhism. 'l'his is only a short compilation from. previ9us
works on the subject. -The Buddhists seem to have borrowed
:manyof the smrti practice$- of the Brahmal,l8S.
Bodhicaryya:vatara, p~ 21, No. 772 'Ii. 'l'he MS. is a frag-
-;ment, only 7 leaves;--Its: _tippani, p.21; No! 772,11', contains
notes on difficult passages only. These notes are often
more useful than more ambitious commentaries. .
 HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION
BY

PROFESSOR CECIL BENDALL, M.A.

The HISTORY OF NEPAL atlli surrounding Kingdoms (1000-1600 A.D.)

compiled clziefty from MS8. lately disoove1ed.-By PROFESSOR CECIL
BENDALL, M.A. (University Oollege, London). Written aB an His-
torical Introductioll to PA'\lIT HARAPRASlo S'ISTKI'S Oatalogue of the
Nepal Durbar Library. With chronological Tables and a Plate
(facsimiles of MSS.)
The Catalogue to which the present Essay forms an introduction
-is the result of a joint expedition to Nepal in the cold weather of
1898.99 originally snggested by me, and taken part in by myself and
Mahimahopidhyiya Haraprasid S'istri, accompanied under the aus-
pices of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, by his assistant, PaJ}cj.it Binoda-
vihiili Bhatticiryya. While co-operating with one another throughout,
we arranged to divide generally our work 80 that the archmological 1
and historical part of the task should fall to myself, while the Pa.J}cJits
dealt with the literary portion. ..
A great deal of our time was of course taken up by the examination
of the Maharaja's collection of MSS., which, as regards the antiquity
of the documents, are surpassed by DO Sanskrit Library known to exist.
Kyown necessarily very hurried examination of thia remarkable 001.
I I hope to publiah my iJIIoriptionl1fIth mJ leueral Report.
 2 Histm-y of Nepal alld Sfl1'rou.nd1'ng Kingdoms,

lection in 1884 led to the first definite account published) Since tben
Pal}git Hal'aprasad visited the Library, and gave some notes on it in the
Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vo!. fJXVI, Pt, 1 (1897), pp.
310 sqq. Some further notes were made by Prof. S. Levit of Paris in 1897,
giving attention" SUl'tout aux colophons des manuscrits, si impoltants
pour I 'histoire." As, however, :Monsieur Levi subsequently informed me
that his examination of the Library was far from complete, I felt all
the greater pleasnre in seeing the more exhaustive examination taken
'in hand of which the present Catalogue is the resnlt. My own share
in it was chiefly in helping the Pal}gits to decipher the figures and
other chronological data with which acquaintance of nearly 25 years with
ancient Nepalese MSS. has given me some familiarity. When I was
at work in the Library, I requested the Pal}qits 11.1 ways to SllOW me colo-
phons of MSS. containing kings' names and dates. A considel-able
portion. however, of the present Catalogue had to be compiled by the
junior Pal}qit after my departure, and consequently I have been led
to adopt another method of verificat.ion, which, thanks to the kind co-
operation of the Residents in Nepal, Lieutemtllt-Colonel W. Loch and
his successor, Lieutenant Colonel J. C. Pears, has given excellent results.
This method was to send to the Resident a Eeries of copies made on
tracing-paper of all the important colophons containing points. llUmerals
and the like. requiring verification. No clne was of course given to the
words or figures expected to be filled in on tIle blank spaces left j and tIle
fidelity of the tracing was voucbed for in each case by the Qorrespon-
dence of palreographic peculiarities with the date assigne.d.
In my previous attempts S to adjust Nepalese chronology by means
of MS.-colophons. I always endeavoured. as far as possible, to use
an,d b~Tmo~ise the data furnished (1) by fOl'mal histories and chroni-
,cles, and (2) by the hi,storic~l notices furnisb,e~ by the scribes o.f
MSS. in their C91ophons (brief. but valuable as contemporary evidence},
and also incidenta.l notices given in the body of works like dramas.
Of the latter class a good example is the d.ama Mudita-Kuvalayiisvanii-
ta.b. from which copious ext.rac~ are given by. Dr. Pischel in his. Cat,a.~
lo~e of the Gelma.n Oriental Society's MSS., pp. 78. 'I'he pi'esent
C!I!ta.logne furnishes several more Jnstances of this kind. .
i Bee the prese~t writer's" Journey in Nepal and Northern India;" pp, 16-2Q?
where the previons notices by R. Lawrence and D. Wrigbt are referred to. .
. 11 ,Rapport, p. 16 [84J iAcad., des Inscrr,seance dn 27 Jan1'. If!l)9). . "
., ' 'Transactions of Fifth Congress Orientalists (Berlin, 1881) Verbandlnngen iF.
Ra.ifte li, pp.lSO 8qq. (1882) I et Catalogue of the Bnd!Ihist Skt. SS. Cambrid~
t$3 UliatoricallntrOd.); .. Journey'iu Nepal "Ibid.. :~88i ("fabBe),i'o thee ~
two I bereinfter refer RS 'Cam b. Cat.' (distinguished from ' Oat.'. which l'e(el'll to
the new CaAi6~) and ~Jour"ey: !'e.peoiMvelY, , 5... i
 History oj NepaZ and su1Tountling Kingdoma.
Tothe number of extant Da.tive chronicles th~ MaUriji'lf'li~ij
conta.ins an important -accession I in the 8hape ~f a small palm-lea.f
MS. of a VaipSivali discovered by me shortJy before I left Nepal.
Since my return to Eu~laud owing to the kind negotiation of Col. Loch,
I have not only received an excellent copy of the MS., but also the favour
from It.H. ihe Maharaja of the loan for three months of the original, so
that I have been able to collate and photograph a.ll important paSBag8S.
My use of the chronicles has been adversely criticized I by some
scholars, though countenanced by others; B but I venture to think t,hat
the discovery of the present MS. puts matters in a so~ewhat new
light.
Though written continuously in a single hand.writing correspond.
ing with the ,time (reign 'of Jayasthiti-malla., A.D. 13801394)
at which the chronicle ends 40 (see the Plate annexed, figs. 3-10), ~he
new VaIp~ivali really contains three distinct chronicles, designated
accordingly in the preseut essay VI, VI, V8. , _ '.
VI is in the form of brief annals of the successivereigss not ,unlike
the other VaIpsivalis,'but giving a. much greater number of dates, iu
addition to the lengths of the reign~. 'The leading events of each reign'
are also notioed in some cases with dates, at first in words and later on
in numerals.
The leaf numbering begius at f. 17 and this portion ends with
30. The language is no doubt intended for Sanskrit, but in obsourity
and a perfectly wild absence of syntax Ii it rivals the worst colophons of
Nepalese MSS. that I have seen. I thought at first of printing .the
whole, but after studying my transcript and taking the advice of friends
I came to the conclusion that I should either have to print the whole
without spaces, which would be mislea.ding and unsatisfactory, or to
publish facsimiles. For the division of words and even sentences,
1 As the present Oatalogue gives no desoription of the MS. the following note.
ma.y be of interest. No. 1231. Palm-leaf; 11 by It inohes, leaves 17-68, with an
extra leaf not nambered, thus 48 in all.
I 11 J,ourney," p. 93.
I eg., in M. B. Levi's investigations as to the eras of Nepal. .
The latest dutes are N.S. 508,ocourring at fol. 6811. and 609 at 68a. It"
will be seen both from my Cambridge Ca.t. (cl. Intr. p. xui), and fro~ the pHSe'iit"
Catalogue that palm-leaf MSS. become rare (owing to the general nse of paper)
within abont a century from this time. ' .-
, 6 Scientifio students of the vernaoalars my probably 1lnd !method iD ita
macbutaa.' T~efrequent looution thin: or . . for ~ or . . . car.
uml, ngeati the familiar HiDdi w1t fiAr. Towa.rdethe end (If. lOll, .~)
It drap. Into a form of languge whiohis praotically Newari with an UJlna~~~
larp allowance of words borrowed from .Aryan sources.
 History of :Nepal and surrounding Kingdoms.
when one had no fixed rules of grammar to help in the interpre-
tation, seemed in many places qnite doubtful. I have been conse-
quently permitted by the Council of the Society to take the latter
alternative, and have accordingly reproduced a selection of the most
important leaves, of which I made legible negatives while the MS. was
lent to me. It will be noted that the selected leaves begiu with 3A.
I only publish now a portion of this leaf, as I reserve for future
treatment the kings of Nepal before 879 A.D. in connection with my
~ecently-discovered inscriptious.
From the prominent way in which temple-donations are recorded,
it may be conjectured that this part of the 'MS. (VI) may be in some way
connected with the records of the great shrine of Pasupati.
V. is a document of different orgin; it is a list of births of royal
and other distinguished personages. 'I'he language is unfortunately
old Newari; but one can make out the names and dates clearly enongh.
These extend, not always in strict chronological order, from N.S. 177
to 396. A specimen is given in the Plate, fig. 10. All the information
given in this section of the Chronicle, so far as It relates to the kings,
will be found condensed in the notes to the Table of kings below.
Towards the end of the section other information besides births! deaths,
and the like is introduced, but I have been able to make but little use
of this owing to the difficulties of the language, for which I can get no
adequate help either in Nepal or in Europe.
Vs is perhaps merely a. continuation of VI. I have called it a.
separate document, because a slight break with double daQcJas-occurs
in the original 'MS. at the end of fol. 36", and because at this point
there is a marked dift'erence of style. The string of short paragraphs
each recording little more than a birth, is abandoned, and the annals
become more expanded. The previouG section had ended, as I said,
with N.S. 396. This, however, begins with N.S. 379 and the history
would not seem to be treated on a striotly ohronologioal basis, as the
irregularity of order in the dates notioed in V' is llere more. pro-
nounoed. The latest da.te, as already noted, is N.S. 508 (f. 63b).
The events ~entioned in VI are sometimes descl'ibed here in fuller
detail. l On the o~her hand, the chronologioal details though full seem
not to.be quite so trustworthy.'

1 For example, the famine in the reign of Abbayamalla in N.S.352 (VI,3eb,

menliioned at p. 8, note 2, below.)
~Th~,.at. 4()a ,wp ge~the birtll. of .ta1~g..malla .an of iayarudramalla,
BaJ!lvat. 416 m.BrgUira 'nkla tray~! Al:\nridba ghati 1'1 BUla 37 ailgirav&.re
(Tuesday). But Prof. Jacobi, who has kindly worked out the date, reports that the.
day in question was a Monday and pointsont that " l.lirg.wira can. never be,
 HiltO'l'1J of Nepal and surrounding Kingdoms. 5
Nevel1iheless I feel sure tha.t this section must contain much
va.luable information, and it is in the hope of drawing the attention
of the few scholars skilled in the Himalayan languages to the matter
that I reproduce a specimeu-Ieaf (Plate, fig. 10). 'l'he passage refers
to the invasion of Hal'isiJpha of Simraon about which I have more to
say below.
Having thus indicated the materials of the preseut investigation,
the divisions of the subject may be stated.
1.- The History of the Nepal Valley, A.D. 10001600 (i.e,
Kithmindu, Pi~an, and Bhitgiion):
Chronological notes on the dynasties of the surrounding
states:
II.-Western Nepal. III.-Tirhut (Eastern and Western).
To these notes I have added (as Table IV) a list of adyuasty, which
I have not been able to recognize.
The main results of the enquiry are summarized in the Tables at
the end of this article, which constitute of course its most important
feature, and will probably provide most stude!lts with all that they
require. The -present notes are clliefly intended to elucidate the Tables
and especially to bring out t.he relations between the dated series of
kings obtained from MSS. and the dynasties detailed in the new
V a!p8ivaB.
I. The present collection of MSS. affords an example [See
Plate; fig. 2, 1. 2] of a date l earlier than any hitherto found referable
to the Nepal era, but unfortunately no dated MS. with a king's Dame
occurs earliel' than those previously known.
It is interesting to lIote that the king Righa.vadeva mentioned by
Cunninghaml as the traditional founder of the Nepal era of 879.80,
but pa.ssed over in the Vatpsiivali of D. WrightS and by Kil-kpatrick,"
is duly recorded in the lIew chronicle. Not only so, but the years of
reign assigned to him and his immediate successors qu~te accord with
Anuridha.." I have, moreover, noted quite 0. number of cases where months in cer-
tain years are called dt'i (tiya) where no such intercalation, according to Sewell and
Dik,it'a Tables, occurred; compare Table of Kings, note 10, below.
1 See Oatalogue, pp. 85 (~) and 140 (Lailkivatiira). The reading 28 must be
altered to 29 i nor can I concur in the description 'gupttik,ara-li1ckitam.' The form of
JI is distinctly post-Gupta; and the general appearance of the writing with its closely
placed ak,aras BeemB to preclude the S'ri.Hall&era.The forms of ft (guttural) and
the form of the aklara-numera.l 20 are arohaiams that one would expect to find in a
document written early in the tenth century .
Indian Eras, p. 74.
s History oC Nepal,' Cambridge, 1877
' An account of tha Kingdom of Nepal,' London, 1811.
6 .History of NePal /J11~ BUf't'ofltlding Kingdoms.
the tradition of his haVing fminded the.era.. Thus,if we ad~ together
tbe duration of his reign aod his five successors down to La.k,mik'm&~
deva we get about 135 years. 'l'hi!l, again, added to 87980 brings us
to the second decade of the eleventh century, when we know from a colo.
phon that Lak,mikima bad commenced to rule at all events as joint.
sovereign, becoming sole king later 0 0 .
. The earliest kiug of Nepal mentioned with a date in the Catalogue
~s Bhaskaradeva; and it is very satisfactory to find that this date alrea.dy
noticed by Pa,\l4ili Haraprasid (J.A.S.B. for 1897, PI;. I, p. 312) is
verifiable. Prof. Kielhorn has kindly calculat.ed it for me and it corre~
sponds to 24th Septembe~, 1046. The new cbronicle do.ly records this
king with a rather obscut'e note 1 as to his 'rcpaitin.g his. paternal
crown.' The oiher chronicles make him the founder of a new dynasty.
Of the ~e:r.t king, Ba1adeva' (ca.Ued in VI Balavantedeva.), we ha.ve
a dated MS.II .
Of Ha~eva's reign we have now two MSS.40 A third date
has been added from the Chronicle, which lIays of this reign merely:
(twIT ~"t1~ 'Itl \8 .... fiti(ftt ~ ~ ,,1\t411wl1f I Interpreted in
the light of the two othet da.tes this I'ather cru~ely expressed notice
gives good. sense, if we. take it to mean that Harp. died in N.S. 219
current. This fits also quite well with the duration of the next reigns'
as given in our Chrouicle. The credibil.ity of the dates in this part
of the chronicle is further enhanced by its mention of the completion
in 239 (date in words) of a tank by S'ivadeva., the next sovereign.
1 See Plate, fig. SB, line 4, medio i. f~ 1f ( ? 11 )~ : Cl hie father'.

"'f... .
diadem w... broken up and he destroyed the golden image (to make a crown);" or
~.,,: the crown wu renewed." KirkplLtrick (p. 263) records a similar
tradition for a king reigning some twenty years later.
It Name wrongly restored in my previous lists as Biladeva. Vi l'8cords him
as the founder of Haripur. Plate, fig. 3 B, last line
As to ViJ}.adeva the HS. (referred to in the table) of ViiJ}.adeva makes my
identification (Journey, p. 9) more difficult. But the existence of Vivadeva's
father, the kiog (bhii7ltitha) }:"alodeya, seems to be confirmed by the Tib. notices in
J. Buddh. T.S. Ind., Vol. I, p. 27, where we learn that a king Anant&1ddi was
ruliog in the middte of this century in another region of Nepal (Palpa). Bibu
&rat Chandra D... has favoured me with the oripal Tibetan of the pllBBage Qd
it is just possible that the name 'I1EI'Yz.r"afll4Y, gragspamtha-yas, which ~
Sanakritizes ... Anantakirti, may be a form of YaIodeft the king of Bal-po, NepAl
in general (or the Palpa disliriot ill WeeierA Nepal P) Tbe olw~ &1; leul; 1f'ftJ4
agree,
, See the Ta.ble.
6 The .upposition would not Ht with the allowaD08 of 21 yean to [8adi.]
or
S'ivadeft, rna.de by "G" in Tab. If 001. 40, Pt1' 'loux"AeY:
 Htory _ollf'fHJl antllfWt'ou~ta9 Kifl:gdom.. 1
:rb~ wu oalled after Mie Ytlvarij (-'uw) Itldta or :Mllihend~.dava,
x.hen4ra-8&raa. It was otherwise knowu as ~nasa.ras} It will_be
l&en -th~' tbia date fa.Us in the year before 'the writiug of ,,S; III
tbo same reign. _
1 have lingered over these somewhat mluutfiJ details for two reason. I
(1) Because it forms a new feature of the pre~ntchronicle to find
1\0 early as _thia. date. expressed both in words And ftg~e. tha.t &Coot!
wHh the contemporary evidence of the scribes; (2) ~u8e doubtS ha.
been' ezpressed whether the Nepal Samut (of 87980) was a.ctually
in use in the eleventh century A.D. It is satisfaotory to note th(lt our
ohrbniole, following the tradition -already known from Kirkpatriok.
does ,Cqention 40 the afol'esaid lndradeva both as YUMrlija and rU:jiJ,
as we have pow a. MS. of his reigu. It will be s~n, however, tbat the
number of yeal:B (12) &ssigned to hiB reign is pl'obably excessive. The
datttB of tbe next two reigns overlap one another. If this is not a
case of subdivision of the kingdom of which th~U'e are so ~nyjnst-a.n
ces, it may be quite well explain,ed by the tla.ditio~ -pres~rved in the
records of W right and Bhagavanlal, th..t Mnhiideva retired early in 'his
reign from active sqvereignty aad N~rend.lll, (or NarasiqJha) 6 became
his regent. Of the reign of the next king, .lIlBnda, MSS. are now
nnmel'Qns. It is curious that _the other chrO-nicl~ either give his na.me
wrongly (Wright, }lh.) or omit Ilis reign altogether (Ki,rkpatrick) I~ is
found,howev~i,correctly spE!lt at f. 31b.of our MS.6 ohronicle. Of Rndl'a'jl
l'eign no 1t1SS. are extant. The years assigned by 0111' lis' to his I'eign
(8) seem to show the origin of the curions el'ror in the length of the
~ign (80 ye!l>rs) assigned by Kirkpatrick. Equally correctly given is
the form AIi1rf;a, whioh is now verified by a .MS.7 The' great dearth' re-
i The 'event is Qgain chronioled with the same date in VI. See Plate, fig. 9,
1.4.
- Kirkpatriok'. dates begin lator (thirteenth century). Those in Wright only
~co.Jlle COrreqt 8O~ewh.t later (invasion of Ha~isiJllba). '
S A. Fouoher. Iconographie Boucldhique, p. 28, n. 1.
t Tbe records preaeHed by Wright-and Bh.gaY&nlil (lad. A.: XIV.13) pals thilt
kiDg over. -, _
5, The aotuall,. disorepant date is that anpplied by the colophon in the Cat., p.
U. Hel'6 there can be lio.doubt as to_the interpretation of the ohronograDl, tho~h
80me of 'the terminaUona of the other words must be corrected for tile lICauaioD. Bnt;
tile date _seems Bet to wbrllt DQ'. Tile obscure pbrase .,.jjutidrlr JU7 quitlt
p8I8ibly ..fer t. regeaoy. '
~ "he oomaoa mistake .' Nallda.~deva is foand atf,lo. Cp1ate,lg. G, l.q~ Bi,je~.
dn.lil )litra maiea the ...tIle WaGder ia hia ted of A'tas. Pr. preI., p. XXIV. note.

Sri ..(mrtacJeva'1l4 ,. quite olear. ,- :,; ~;;

J_
~ 'I Oat: p. tJI. '(Ir)-.- ~ 1tnd.flOlli 8. traoi1)g aeat from N~pal 11.1 Col .LoeIl tha1 tlul
l1il",t'it~ntr'.f 'the.tear (-_,-ii- qnite~.audili,thaUa:tIl. n....
.
 8 .History oJ NepaZ and 8uN'outuZing Kingdoms.
corded by Kirkpatriok is duly.ohronioled in VI (Ma1almlri-tlurb1atk,am-
b1aatlati) 2S.b. 1 The next date from MSS. is obtained from a. MS. in the
Ma.hirija.'s library noted by myself, but omitted by tbe Pav.4it in his
Catalogue. It is from No. 1648, a MS. of Caraka, I have since sup-
plemented my note by a tracing kindly sent by Colonel Pears. The full .
date is given in the Table. But as the king Ra.tnadeva is mentioned
in Done of the ohronicles, I am inclined to think that he must have
:heen a local riji, or a king of Western Nepal.l
After Amrtadeva my previous lists left one of those gaps whioh it
is now most satisfactory to find filled in. The tradition reproduced by
Wnght and Bhagavaulil quite fails here. Kirkpatrick alone gives
correol;; though inadequate, details, whioh a.re now supplemented by the
lIew ohroniole and, what is more importaut verified by MSS
. As to Some'va.ra-deva., see the Table a.nd note there (p.25). Kirkpa.-
triok's 'BuB Caum Deo' of oourse represents Vijayakimadeva.; his' Any
Mull' is a less recognizable equivalent of Arimalla; but in Nepalese
documents 11' and ~ a.re easily oonfused. After the reign ofl Abhayadeva
whioh, though called by Kirkpatriok 'inauspicious,' was anyhow fairly
long a.s a goodly array of MSS, now showB, the chroni(lles hitherto
available quite break down.
Even if Jayadeva and Anantadeva were brothers, I as Wright
Cp. 162) and Bb. sta.te, the latter certainly did not reign at the same
time. Two kings whose names, Jayabhima a.nd Jaya'ihadeva, r bave
taken from the ohronicle, 40 intervened; and it is extremely satisfactory
1 Supposing the era to be that of Nepal, whioh I think probable from the writing.
I The great dearth' reoorded by Kirkpatriok for this and the previous reign
are dnly registered in our ohronicle (25b; plate, fig. 6.1. 3). where famine prices for
grain are also ment.ioned. The prices are given in greater detail in VI (Newari
Portion of chrqnicle) at fol. 39b for Salpvat 352.
8 The birth list of the chroniole (VS) makes A.Danta not the son of A.bhaya,
but of a oertain S'ri.Rijadeva and of Rudramadevi.
40 Fol. 26a. The whole passage, following on that reproduced in 25b ; plnte, fig. 6,
rODBthus: ~ IR11'W ~ ,,~r."' ads ~""I.QrrIf\ ..-r ..
....pm u~. . ~ ~ 1Jt ,\ tIT,. I formerly thought this date,
which, as Or Kielhorn kindly informs me, oorresponds Iio 7th Jnne 1255, referred to
the oorollation of Jayabhima, in spite of the punctuation, which seems not alw,"YI
trustworthy in this MS. On re.reading the passage. however, I now oonsider that
it must refer to the first shock of the earthquake. which is accordingly stated to
have lasted at intervals over four months. This acoords better with the snbseq1l8llt
date; 3'17, of a KS., once the property or the late Pav.4iJ; Bhaga'hnlil.IDdraji. I
mar heJIe. mention that 1 have. made enquiries by letter for thia KS.1n the BhagaviD:-
lit oolleotiOn ofthe Bombay.Aaiatio Sooiety, but without IlI0088I. From VI (rol; 886)
... Ieam that in 878 Caitra Janbhimadeva had become rijl, with layapbp:ha (Siha-
malIadeva) 881"variJa.
 History of NepaZ and Burrounding Kingdom
Q~ Qf them (Jayabhima) is fully attested by a dated:MS;
"WoneImcl,h"t
~"* ",ain the .aew Qbtoniole and the newly-discovered MS.lconftnir
another. . 0'-

Of the llext king, AnantamaUa' we have now a goodly array of

dates I from M8S. Besides these there. is an interesting note iD.
I{irkpatriok (p. 26')- stlloting that "in this prince's reign a.nd in the
Newar year 408, or' Sumbnth 1844,. many Khassias (a western tribe)
emigrated to Nepal, and settled there; and three years after in the
Newar year 411 a. considerable number of Tirhoot families all10 planted
themselves there." What this really amounted to may be told "in the
words of the chronicle (f. 26b; PI. fig. 7) : "12 years 3 months a&1-(i.8,
after the beginning of Ananta's reign, or after the last event mentioned, a
quarrel between his sons] the Khasiya king Jayatiri :6.rst ent-ered,
Sa1pvat fonr hundred and eigllt in the month Pauf&. After a slaughter
of (eight P) hundred Khasiyas the rest retired [to the jungles P] aud the
country resumed its ordinary state. On the 13th of PhiIgnna sudi
of the same year Jayatiri again entered [theoountry, as if] for a
frillna-Iy .pUJ'PRse, [but] he burned with fire villages and other places.
He visited O(P) the SyelJlgu-chait[ya], saw the image of Lokem..m
at Bng[a] ma 40 and visited (P) the Pasupati [shrine]. He got safe b~k
to his kingdom. [This happened in] Sa1pvat four hundred and nine.
Again the [king] of Tirhnt entered [Nepal]. This happened [in]
Sa1pv8.t four hundred and eleven in the month Migha.." &
Kirkpatrick's "emigratious" were thus more or less preda~rY
inoursions, which as we shall see, became increasingly oommon la~r OD.
After the death of Ananta a troublous time ensued, and one' that
haS been hitherto extremely obscure. In -,oy previous lists I had to
BOte at this time: "Kings nncertain 'for 60 years." Though much'
1 Bee MS. of the lIahilak,mivrata numbered 1820 and noticed at pp 4ll-8, 128."
of the Ol&talogue. Mr. B. BeweIl haa kindly veri1led the date, which worka out to
3nd April, A.D. 11,,0. ,_ ; , . '.-
I 'One of these ia that given at p. 440 ( Wf) Id the Oat., and there referred t,O,
.\nandamalIa. lu my traoiDg however the name Ananta is quite olear. Wright (pp.
162-85) makes a aimilar confusion. I have no verification of the date at p. 6S}1ft. of
the Oat., which makea AbhayamalIa.&tin reigning in N.S. 886. '
~ Tb. double date is intertiatiDg, though the Vikrama Salp.vat is not bowD
to hate been in D88 iD Nepal at thia early time. -
011 thia ClIIlebrated image, see Foucher ' loonographie' p. 100 and-hia pI. IV. 1
(.-om a miniature in the Library of the AB. Boo. of Bengal, where alao the villagenam.
ia spelt Bugama, not' Bnngmati' aB now. . ,
6 ]j'or the ~ .fJ,.te, _ij.";if,a.etl'1.~. " _ - _. ...;
, The I!JIIoiu reaaon ~ this.un~rt"ty, tit., tbe yaryiq aooou.Dta .of .ryasWti
malIa'. anceators, whQ Dever ~led iDN.pal propeJ.' ..taU, fB~~.
2
10 . Histo'I'Y of Nepal and s1trt'01mding Kingdoms.
still remains uncertain, it is satisfactory to find that this long interval is
shortened on both sides by dated reigns that may be regarded as
bi.
The first of these is the reign of Jayanandadeva which followed l
tbat of Ananta and is certified by a date (N.S. 438) in the Catalogue
(p. 73) which I had previously noted in the MS. The next king, accord-
ing to the chronicle, was Jayarudramalla 1I. His accession, the corona
tion of his coregent, and his own death (svargastha) and" suttee"
of his foUJ' wives are recorded. It is probably significant that the date
given in two sect.ions of the chronicle for the last eveut is only a few
months S after the invasion of Harisiqlhadeva of Simraon.
The history of the next twenty years cannot at present be satisfac
torily told, until the Newari of V S has beeu interpreted. Besides the
weIl.attested invasion of Harisilphadeva. several other foreign powers
made themselves felt at this time. One of these was an invasion by
Adit[y]amalla. After narrating the death of Jayarndra, VI adds merely
'Am:.
1I1(T1tI'i: ~lIf~'''11i!1 itq'(lf But V S narrates the same event more
folly. The N ewari sentence begins ~ 1I1Ie:: 1IT~1I{ 1IW q1i"
~~ '(1'1Ifl
"I~if~. (46a; PI., fig. 10.8 ), so that we learn the exact date (448
PhalguIJ.a sudi 7) and the interesting fact that Aditya was a king of
Western Nepal, thus foreshadowing the Gorkha conqnest of more recent
times.
Returning to the semiSanskrit account of VI, which curionsly
makes no mention of the invasion of Harisilpha, we find (27b) that
an infant son of Jayarudra died a few days after his father's death.
His daughter Sati-niyakadevi was placed under the goardianship of
her gra.ndmother Padumalladevi.. The young princess (after being
crowned Rani, Rccording to Kirkpatrick), was married to Hal'icandre..
deva belonging to the royal family of Benares. 6 He appears to have

1 ~ ~ "'''''I''~ ~m ~ I "'''''44I(lW says tbe chroni.

cle (27 a fln) after narratillg tbe events of Ananta's reign. This probably implies
an interval between tbe two latter reigns. Fleet, Gopta Inscrr. Introd. p. 186
oontrasts tbe meanings of anf<lre and anantaram, especially in the records of Nepal.
I A co-regent of this king was Jayirimalla. The mention of this prince in VI.
ff. 2'14 ft'n 27b) is very obscure, but VS ilistinctly desoribes him (45a.) as Sa,,!,rtida.
(with Jayarodra) between N.S. 4400 and 443. He died in 4640 (ib. GOb).
a N .S. 446 (in figures and chronogram) A,ii4ba piil'1)ami I. 27b, Pratbama
A,i4-lIa piirl)imii 4Gb (bot A,ii. was 'not intercalated this year). Mahammadlln
autboritit!s cited in Miss Doff's Ohronology o/In.dia.
,~ ril' I"".~.rt iIl1r. N"I .."~q\lW~ !lftlq,f...i (27b). The
sentence forms a choice eu.mple of the grammar of Vi referred to above.
I .11..... (sic) 2'Tb. I Rajah of Benares,' Kirkpatriok.
 History of Nepal and .fWf'OUfUling Kiflgtloms. 11

lived in Nepal some time, but was poisoned Cafter some yea1"8 'I (ktJli-
payatJarfiJntare). After this his brother Gopiladeva accompanied by
Ja.ga.tsil}lhadeva. (called in Vi Kiiroitava[l}l]saja and in VB (49b)
"Tirhuti-yi Ja.ga.tsilphakumira ")s~eperB(:m of Niyakadevi. I
The allies then appear to have taken Bhatgion and Patan. Gopila-
deva was subsequeutly beheaded by Jagatsilpha's followers. After
this the prince J agatsiJpha enjoyed the sovereignty for a few days ;
but he was afterwards put into confinement, B; by whom we are
not told. His da.~ghter was Riija[l]lLtlevi40 ; and her mother
Niyakadevi died ten days after her birth; so that (like her mothl') she
was brought up by her paternal grandmother, whose name was Devala-
devi. I do not underst.and the reference to Puupatimal[l]adeva i tha.t
immediately follows (Plate; fig. 8, 1. ]). P088ibly he was the repreRen-
tative of some rival line of kings, as we read directly after, tha.t" by the
consent of both royal families Jayarijadeva was made king on 467
S'rivar;ta badi 4" which was subsequently & ratified by general consent.
About the reign of Jayarija's son and successor Jayirjuna some
uncertainty remains, though this conld probably be removed by the full
interpretation of the present chroniole. Passed over by all the histories,
his existenoe and reign were first pointed out by the present writer
from the colophons of Cambridge MSS. Even in the present ohroniole
his reign and its duration are not; formally reoorded, though he is
several times referred to aa ' S'ri Jayirjuna rija' and 'Jayirjuna.-nrpa..'
The reason of all this is not far to seek.
In 474,7 that is wllile Jayarijadeva. was still reigning, took place

1 V8 (47a) gives the exact date of his 'violent death ' ~ (.ic) 1II1Il, N.B.
4055 Jyeatha sudi 5.
I .'fII. ~ -.hnI "" ill".t""
8 ~"fl"Ni. II~ 1IftaA["'] ~wr ~il41._~ I ~'Ift
~

1Iftrq~ ~"lijitr~"C ,~ ~ ~ I ~,~

~<I ...t~ 1I11f1 I 'fIII'i1r ~ ~iiI"~ ..., I fqitl""" ~. etc., (see
If., \Iq~

Iq ~

plate, fig. 8) .
We a.re told in VS (5Ib) that thia prin08BB'a mother was Niyakadevi; so
that JagataiJpha carried off the bride of his ally's brother. IUjalla was born N.B.
467 Pan,," badi 1 0 . ' .
5 Hore is said of him and (possibly the same) 'bandha_' m VI (llIG) under
date 4069 HlrgU., su. 12. , ' I
8 The punctaation of fig. 81.2 would lead one to suppose at first sight that
the general ratifloatlon preCBd.d the partionlar one (Vtl.inkha being 3 montha earlier) ;
bllt the second date doubUeSB referi tft'the birth. In all birth-entries the dt.lt4cOfllU
fir.t. .. " ", 1. ".
'7 ItranaoribetheNewariofVl(58b);.... .nft~(~ ..~Ntr..(I.....~
 12 J1wory 0/ Nepal ana BUfTormding Kingdoms.
the matriage of the prince layaathiti, a de8cebdant of Bari8ifpha'of
Simraon. with Rijalladevi. Jayasthiti was reigning when t~e cllro-
nicle was concluded and the chronicler naturally magnifies' the powers
that be' and says little of the title of the 1a.wful king whom Jayasthiti
had managed to defeat and depose. But we see from the colophons of
MSS. the rea.lsta.t08 of things. In 484 Kirttika, October 1363 (a. verified
date: see the Ta.ble) Ja.yirjuna. was on the tllrone and the colophOn
of the next MS. is fortunately very explicit. The MS. (see Oat. p. 88)
was written in a well-known Vihir in Lalit-Patan and the colophon
adds in 491 (A.D.1371) that Jayirjilna. was victoriously reigning (not only
there but) 'NepiJZa-ma1Jfa18' which we may construe to mean the whole
of the valley. The scribes call JlIoyirjuna king down to February 1376. 1
His name is also mentioned in .connexiOll with the initiation-cere~
mOoy of Dhal'mamalla BOil of Jayasthiti and Rijalla' in 497 J Y"ftbaB
(summer of 1377). On the other hand about 508 (date of la.test event
in VI) we find a referenoe to Ja.yirjuna as q ~, .111,,'":11( 1I1ft8 whioh
can only mean his defeat, followed as it is by an acknowledgment of
Jaya.sthiti as king of Nepa1. 8 That Jayiirjuna, however, did not submit
without a stt-uggle may be seell from the interesting colophon at Oat.
p. 39,1 6 (unfortlinately not dated) fl'oin which we 1earll that the MS.
waS copied "in the victorious reign of Jayasthiti, It and that "at t.hat
time the king named J ayirjuna was entering, with his ally, the '!'ripura.-
raja. in great commotion." ,
Jaya.sthiti was evidently a patron of literature; not only are ::MSS.
of his reign more numerons' than in any preceding, but we find from
the chroniole that even before his accession he celebrated the birth.cere.
mo:ny Of his 180n Dha.rma.malla by a. performance of a 'fo1lr-act Rimi-

.4i,...'f..... I.1 (.l) ft"faI"I".I"ifl1i QIN1' ~ ~

. I ....
.... The princess's
nainuis not mentioned I bu.t all.bther m~ hardly would have been mentioned
III fih. ill1roalOle. '
1 Verifllld. ieenote tu Table. IIIit.v8 re.eDDUned the.elate in ClaJabridg. Md.
1498, whioh I formerly publiehed as equivalent to 606 or 1886. The writing fa 'terl
faint. Bee no" note S to ~ble below, p. 27.
I The puaage is evidently an interesting one, tboflgh unfortunately the en cl ill
not olear to me i SIP ~ (m) WI'l.~.q1Jft( ~ wrll~ 1111 .... I.....
......(1"1" .......
-
~
I.I( ,
~
it. vro."
... ,1ATtIfIf ~ ~1I'r."I .. I
f 'it"""'''-
.

, a The worda following ..rr are "U.rr(?) .11(--_<1.-

'4-11"'' '1 ~~
...."-111
11 ~
... ..mr, it'ImI
~
(sic)
~ 11
~~ Q"j1flt'i~~(: ~
forwQ
.
.:. .'?A ."ilJi i. . .__i tibIM teferrad io iD the obl'Gllioa...
 18
ya!)s., , I'whioh was repeated Ion the initiation-ceremony. A revival of
letters, too, is vouohed for by the fact that lengt~y Sapskrit insorip-
tions in prose and verse, whioh had disappea'l'ed for some five centuries
or more, now re-appears and are .oontinued in the reign of Jayasthiti's
son.'
Unlike most India.n princes, Jayasthiti had, according to my oon
jeoture, some appreoiatiou of the value of history. When he enters
on the scene there is a slight oha.nge in the style of the present chronicle.
N ewari words become much more frequent. It seems to me as though
the chronicle V 1 had been ftnished oft' by a partisan of the king. Iu
the case of the Vaqt'ivall preserved by Wright, traces of manipulation
seem to me still olearer. After a ro.therjejune account of his (alleged)
predecessors this chronicle bursts into sudden eloquence of detail on
the doings of Jayasthiti. There seems no reason to doubt the accuracy
of these partioula.rs, though as Dr. Wright points out in his note
(p. 183) there is a medley of inaoourate and accurate 6 dates (p. 187).
The king's literary proelivit~es a.1'e even exemplified by a specnmen
of. his composition (ibi,z.)
So far so good. Where one seems to see the traces of deliberate
talsi1lcation is in the total omission of ths real kings 6 of Nepal im-
mediately preceding and following the invasion of Harisiqthadevs., and
tbe insertion of a string of ancestors for Jayastbiti with impossible
reigns and date.. These are tabulated in the Historica.lIntroduction
to my Oambridge Oatalogue, p. xv. There is no agreement in the lists
of anoestors, except that all seem to sbow 11. tradition current at least in
the XVIHh cebtl1l'y 7 A.D. that the family of Jayasthiti was descended
from Hal'isiJpha by the male line, though it should be observed that
the inscription there cited ignores Jayasthiti and his immediate ances-
tors and goes, by a considerable ma!ltliikapZuti from Jayasthiti's grand-
son Ya~malla back to 'Harayat'-siIpha. Even more suggestive of
wllat I regard as the correct facts is the form of Insoription No. 16 of
1 A.. dramatized Rimiyana a.ppears in the pl'8ll8nt cOllection, p. 246:
See note ~Bo preoeding paP. '. .
'Journey in Nepal' pp. 12, 83. Bhagavanlil and Wrigbt mention an insorip.
!;ion of the king hiuiaelf ona stone near Lalitapa.t~n.'
, Indo Ant. IX, 188.
6 This (N.S. 515); it lhoald be obaerved, fa ihefirst date in that Va.Jpuvali that
is reoonclleable with the testimony of IIS.aolOphonl and inlCriptions save onl,
the m~morable date of UarisiJllha's invasion (p. 175). .... . .
tI Wright's' anandamaJla,' (pp. 262.299) seems to be a uiixture ~f A'nDntamall&
a.lld Jaliundadeva; Be totaUjr ouiiti. ;tayabhilDB, Jay..rija ind .rilzirlu~J !Jolhlien-
tined in the pHsent" obroniole and Oon&rmed hyliBi ... '. . ..". - .... .
~ The inzorlptioD and the piS,. oitail f.lI1m~n.:Wi ~turi ..
 14 History of Nepal and surrounding Kingdoms.

Bhagavaulal's series which was issued by the son of Jayasthiti, Jyotir-

mall a in N.S. 5d3. Here there is a short genealogy (tabulated by
Bhagavllnliil), but no 'fancy' ancestry .on his father's side. On the
contrary, he mentions his father merely as 'belonging to the Slirya-
v81,!lSa' and then most significantly adds that he (Jayasthiti) was the
'husband of RiJalladevi. 1 The reason is now clear. It was through
hill mother and not through his father that Jyotirmalla had any
hereditary claim to the throne.
We may now turn back to aver y important point in this part of
the history of Nepal, around which a good deal of misapprehension
has gathered, namely the invasion of Harisi~ha.
In spite of the boast of CaijQ.esvara, Harisirpha's minister that he was
"victorious over all the kings of Nepal ",- thet'e seems to be at present
no evidence beyond that of the VupsQvalitradition preserved by Wright
and Bhagavanliil to show that Harisirpha established himself in the
valley of Nepal. Against this we may place the testimony of the new
Vsl,!lSii.vali which was composed within about half a century of the
event in question and (what is far more convincing) is confirmed by the
colophoDs of several MSS. The precise nature of Harisirpha's expedi-
tion may be further explained by the Newan extract forming fig. ]0 of
the Plllte; but mea.nwhile one can see that the effect of his expedition
could hardly have been permanent, as not many years aftet' we find a.
representative of the old royal family (Jayadeva)S on the throne. Until
more evidence is forthcoming, it seems safer to regard Barisimha and
his ancestors 40 who reigned in Tirhut,' Simraon and also possibly other
parts of the Nepal-Tarai as at most titular kings of Nepal, even if
they really claimed sovereignty over the valley of Nepal at aB.
For Jayasthiti's reign MSS. are, as I have said, numerous. The
eILrliest date (N.S. 500) is taken from the Cat. p. 43, where, beside the
1 Jayiisthiti has the very same epithet (RdjaZladevi.pati) during his lifetime in
N.S. 500. See Cat. p. 43 1. 23.
_ Diinaratniikara, stanza 8 ap. Eggeling, Cat 1.0. p. 412.
I As to Jayadeva, Pandit Baraprasiid has very kindly furnished me with a
tracing of the colophon of the Society's MS. tlrat described by him in J. A.. S. B.,
LXII. i., p. 250. From this it is now Sllear that Jayadeva (the reading vijayadeva
cannot stand) reigned on till N.S. 476, Philguna.
40 It should be noted that the Wright-Bhagavanlil tradition brings in a long
line of' ancestors for Barisiltlha and has to stretch out the true chronology of the
kingdom to work them in. Once regard them as merely king' of' the Nepal.Tarni
and all becomes simple. As to Ninyad6Va the reputed founder of the Simrion
dyllliBty, see Doff, Chronology, p. 184 and add a reference to Bp. Indica, I, 813.
I CIoI}4eivara in the Kriyiratniikara, Bt. 4 merelY' says that his master ruled
over 8011 Mithili' (Cat. Bkt. MBS. 1.0. p. 410).
 HiBtO'l"!/ of NepaZ and ,u"ounding Kingdoms. lIS
epithet 'Bijalladevi-pa.ti' a.lready referred to, several additiona.l details
of interest are supplied. Ainong them is the name of the miuister
Jayata who figures also in the chronicle (VB) at f. 54 b, as BriupaahyiJ
[ya] in connection with the names of the king and qneen.
The next king was Jayasilphal'ima who may well have been a.
regent, as in the year mentioned (516) the eldest son was only 19 years
of age.'
I have elsewhere called attention to the curious triple regency of
the three sons of Jayasthiti, confil'Dled as it is by two contemporary
MBe. It is worth noting that the thl'ee princes did not divide the
kingdom, but all ruled togethel' in the little town of Bhatgaon which
then was the capital. Three years later Jayadhal'mamaU" is said in
an inscription at Patan to be reigning as yuva7'lij, an expression which
would imply that Jayasthiti wa.s still alive, in retirement. I give the
text of the documents below.'
Of Ja.yadha.rma as actual king we llave no trace. The second son
Jyotirmalla is recorded in the inscription (Bhagavanlil No. 16) alrf'MY
quoted to have been reigning in N.S. 533 apparently as sole king,
though his brothers mentioned. As he' restored the Hindu shrine
of Pdupati and the Buddhist shrines on the Svayambhu hill we may
perhaps conclude that he reigned over the whole valley. In the three
MBS. given in the Table J yotirmalla is mentioned as reigning alone

1 Born 487, Prathamiti\lha, VI 540 b. J"ayaahpha.r ia mentioned with J"l\yor.

juna (lIa being at Kothmindo;) 54 b: ~ IIC( 1Ii"1'ftl1IT ~ \- -r "" .. ,,,W
. . . ~ .."Ni" .. wmwr .. ,1 ~ 'IT ,1 ...,.. ~ [sic]
',.. .. 1".. D In N.S. 507 he joined J"ayasthiti and bis family at tbe yitro at
Boga.ma (63, b.). With mahtitk Dr. Grieraon comparea the forma mahathti, makantha
, great person.'

Compare Cambridge Cat., p. ix., "Jonrney" pp., 15, 16, and Table.
The verae written in Camb. :MBS. Add. 1664,"11197 rnna thua:-

~ 1PAlt ",.n -.:rarr [sic] ~ ,

....r ~ (wt- 2197 ) ~. . . . [sic] '1",.fiI."
The opening of the inscription found by me in 1884, as described, but. not pub.
1ished,-(for it 'is chiefly in Newari and much damllged iu the lower part), rnns thus
(I priut it with all ,ita charaoteristic errors of apelling, etc.) :-
, ", "lit( I. \\ ,~..
'I(AII"I friit' I ~fti ... ~ ~11I1fti ~
~ ri~ ~f~'" I'!J,,(I ..<I. ~~ .." ..4i...t ... r.... "(I~ H
The iDsoription records the repair of a well connected with K.inisalidhr,.Brida~"
qiv-avihira' and atettinr up of images.
 16 ' HvlOf1/ of Nepal and .urrotlfuJifJg,Kingfiom
(N. S. 540.M7). , Early in the next y_y.,qa.maIIa,the eldeilb:ami'Qf
Jayajyotih, as we find from the abovecited insCRiptioll, ,hall iIIU~ to'
t~e'throne ; and dated ]laS, are fairly plentiful for the lOng reign (4.3
yoars) assigned to him by the VaqIBivali of Wright.' '
As to the history of this time some information is given by the
interestin g MS. described at pp, 107.9 of the present, Cata.logue. The
author is king Jagajjyotimalla of Bhatgion, sixth in succession after
Yak,a. According to this work Yak,a. ' went as far as Kagadha, Con.
quering Mithili and set in: order all N.epal, snbd!ling the Rajas of the
mountains. The triple division of the kingdom, already known to us,
is then mentioned, including the assignment to the eldest son R.ayamaIla.
of the oOnntry east of the Viilmati (Bigma.ti) river with Bhatgion
as capital. '
In: TablB II. I summarillle the chronology of the reigns then
ensuing.
Da.ted MSS. are not at first numerous; bnt for the Bhatgiou line
the MS. at Cat" p. 107, just refeITed to, is valuable, especia.lly as roya.l
au~horship is attlibuted to it. The joint.regenoy of Jita and PriQ.a
given in the Table is stated in the Catalogue at p. 102 and confirmed
by an inscl'iption 09pied by me at Thiiiba (oZim Thasiba).i That the
later king Trailo~ya should have been also known by the synonymous
name Tribbubana seems at fil'st sight improbable; but the insoription
on whioh I base the statement was found by me at Thimi, which is east
of the Bigmati and not far from Bha~gion, After the beginning of the
XVII centurY d.a.tes from ooins become fairly plentiful, ,see the Table II
. my, "J
In ' " '. - - ,
" ourney. ' '~'
" .
For the line of Kithmindu, dated doou~ents are at first stilt more'
scarce; bnt la.ter on dates are quite numerous.
I have added in Table II appended to the present article a. third
column for 1iheBanepa. dynasty, because the first king at least was a real
person and frOlp the ClIot. p. UI) seems to, have beeD ,.. litel'ArJ man.
Iu any case the separate dynasty of Banepa. did not lut much more
than a. century, as I find fro~ copies '?i #-t~iptioD8 ~Jlay ..received by
me' from Pq.ns.u,fii .. place i.,. ~beJJanepa ,....Uel ,~;rn~wha.t east of
lOam Add. 1649 a work on astrology attributed to the king himself and
copied N .S. Ii8I mu.e. .. fonrllh if fihe retoacbed cOlophon (Bee my Oat. p. 166)
be oorrecfi, as ~_ seems little reB80n to doubt. " , , .

-wt.
I ID a part of the Yillage called Antal tol and lIAr .. oaity&. The rillage li.
It..lmrlJ ~ WwN'418 u.r~ IoQ.d ~ ~.w; ",0" ttllllU
~;" ~,~,~~I~"'l"~~"<?J.J,~!~ &.!A(j~,[~l
:'-,n'Thkoagh
'11 '1J1f11l" , .
th8 ldndDe88 of Oolonel Pea.ri, tl}.o ~t .a.de,nt.
'
 Hiltory of Nepal at~d surrounding Kingdoms. 17
Banepa, that the kings of Bhatgion, JagatprakiSa and his successor
Jitimitra. (1642-1689 1) were acknowledged there.
1I.-WESTERN NEPAL.
The town of Noakot or Nayakot (which I visited in my recent
. tour) seems to have been a kind of frontier between the valley of
Nepal or Nepal propel' and the Western districts. Wright's History (pp.
223-5) mentions the seiznre of the place by a Gorkha sovereign pre-
vious to the general Gorkha Conquest.
The MS. ill the Wright.collection nnmbered 1108 seems to haVE'
been written here. For II1I1Iilw is doubtless (though the identification
escaped me when I wrote my Cambridge Catalogue, p. 30) a Sanskri-
tized form of the town's name. The da.te of the king (Ratnajyotih)
has been verified by Dr. Kielhorn and corresponds to January 14th,
1392.
During the following century no chronological data are forthcoming.
I may note in passing that an educated Nepalese told me that inscribed
stones, which he thought resembled those published by Pa\lcJit Bhagavan-
lil and myself, existed in the valleys of Western Nepal.
Dr. Wright published (History, Chapter XII) an account of the
reigning (Gorkha) dynasty from Dravya Siih (A. D. 1559) to tbe pre-
sent time.
It is interesting to find in the present collection (pp. 242-4) a
MS. giving confirmation of this record. It was composed by Rajen-
dravikrama Sib, who reigned 1816-1847. It might be worthwhile
to publish extracts from this MS., when furthel' confirmatory material
(fa'om old MSS. or inscriptions) comes to light. Meanwhile, it is worth
noting that Wright's date, 1559, founded on a Vikrama-date, is curiously
corroborated by a chl'onogram (vidku-tJasu-nigama-glau I), which gives
the ('orresponding S'aka year (1481). At p. 213 of the Catalogue we
find a.. MS. written during the reign of Varavira. Sibi, in 1614, at
Jatipatta.na. This looks like S'aka1614 (A.D. 1692), when Virabhadra
Sihi was alive, thougb, according to Wright, he was only yUtJaraj a.nd
never mahll'l'iJja. B
1 For the latter date see Oat. p. 150. N. S. 810, Pa1lf6. One of the new in.
8Oriptions is dated some ab: years later I 816, J Ylllltha.
Bead thus p. 24J 1. 26. I was muoh troubled by the reading W gM1I. But
on referring to the M.S., through the kind intermediary of the Resident, I found th",t
the tracing read gZa16. This rare word has hitherto been found, in lexiooDS only, in .
the sense of moon' or earth, ( .. I).
I BhegavauW's Insor. No. 18 fizes the date of another Gorkha sovereign in
recording the defeat of Qambarafth bJ Pratipa.ma.lla, N.B. 769 (A.D. 1649.)
 18 History oJ Nepal ant.I surrounding KingOOm&
llI.-'l'IBHU'l'.
There are few regions of Tndia possessing an ancient civilization
about which we have less defillite. historic information than the region
nOI~th of the Ganges va.riously known as Videha, Tirabhukti, Or (from
its capital) Mithilii.
Neither the work of Prinsep, nor its excellent successor, tha.t of
Miss C. M. Duff, atteJXlpts 'Dynastic list' f01" this country. Chronofo-
gical indications are tlms peculiarly valua.ble. There wOlild seem to
have been a certain degree of literary intercoul'se between Nepal and
Tirhut, the frontiel' state on the direct route to the plains. Accord-
ingly l\ large number of the MSS. in tllepresent Catalogue a.re writ-
ten by Tirhuti scribes in tlleir characteristic (Maitbili) script alid
dated' mostly in the common era. of the country, that of LaqmaJ;l1i
Sena.
On pp. 131-2 we find a case where a MS, is by a Tirhuti scribe
domiciled in Nepal. For it will be observed that not only are the
writing and the era those of Mithilii, but the scribe goes out of his way
to describe Lalita-pattan (' Patan '), where the MS, was copied, as
'situated in the kingdom of Nepal:
A notice of far greater jntel'est and importance Ut preserved
through a case of intercourse in the opposite direction, where a N-ep,,~
lese scribe was living in Tirhut. This is the case of the MS. of pIlrt
of the RimayaI}8, No; 1079, briefly noticed at p. 34 of the Catalogue.
The colophoil in question OCCllrs at the end of bile KjlJkindhyaki~46 at
If. 3'11)-&. As it is' not given in t,h& Catalogue, I liere transcribe
it from my: own DoteS: 8a~m;at 1076 (\~-) ii,ifr/ho. badi 4 ma'Mrfljil-
d1&i'rrija pu~IJ'rJal()'ka'80mav~niodfJka."a-~~dkva~-il'ima~eyaile7J(J.
1Jliujyamilna-Pimbhaktau '/taZyifiJ.afJijarlJjYB- loIepiJ.ladeifyao.Bri bMficu lifT/ilea-
8ri,Ananilagya piJta'kiJ'Dallthita (kayastha)1 pa'l)itita hi 8,'i K'WI'fJS'!Jiltfnaja-
M. Gop(Jti'nakkhida~n. Interpreting this according to tihe same.
what 'free,-andi easY" Sanskrit used' by scribes, , undel'Stantf it' to
mellll:that in Sal}lvat 1076 Gopaflf;'son of 9riknr8, (KiY'a9iha} p&l}dit
belt>nghtg to the country of Nepal and living- in ..4nandil'8 pit-.
belonging to Bhiiilcu ~iili (?), copied this dUl'ing a vibtJotiouIJ rttiga iB
Tirhut, when it was ruled by Gi,l;)gey",deva, the gl'eat kinfl, 1,lehQl~el' of
hWiness, sprungfl'om the lunar r~,a~d banner of G8.u~. TJi.e writing
of tb~ llS., . the archaic' !Ants&.' of Nepal, 80 that we may Clwte well

, 1,A0dde4 DUc1iBIHat h-t.

0/. Ind. Ant. XVIII. 185, where patal:4 je.iD~, tbllMMl . . ~
aion et &' . - . . ; , beDce.; 1111im'eu fIIiUIut may> WeBl ClOMa_ ... .-.,,,*'
larger
village or cIIttriet.
 i9
nfer the SaJpvat to the Vikrama era. If this be granted, it must tftIl'8ty
follow "hat we may identify the king with &if.Jgeya.-deva, Kalaonri ~f
.Cecti,likewise of lunar lineage,' who was thUs reigning in A.D.
1019, Ql' somell years before Alberuni'. mentions him as ruiing in
DahlIa, in 1030. GiJj)geyadeva's influence has not been hitherio
tNoed so far .east as Tirhllt ;bllt it is noteworthy tha.t his -son also,
Karr,adeva, olaimed influence in GaucJ,a,.lstillfnrther east.
Nothing a.ppears to be known of the rulers ef Tirhubfrom thistimet.o
tlae ,Uth eefttnry, when the Thiokur dyn~y appeared. Af1l11 genealogical
,.ble 'of this family was given by Dr. Grie1'8on in lud. Antiquary XIV,
p. ;196, a.nd this was supplemented by. him with further notes in the sa.me
jOllrnal in Maroh 1899 (XXVIII, p. 57).Ofll' Catalog'lle gives (p. 68)
a d6te, L.B. 392,' for one of the later kings, Killpsaniriyal)8o, alsoealled
Laktmioitha,whioh is the more aooeptable 80S I ha.ve ehewhare ~,Ii
tbattheuative cbl'OllOlogy for this dynasty is incorrect. 'In tlul SiUIle
,.."., La.Jqmal;t&Sarpv. 392, wascopiedtbe MS. describedat(Jat., p. 122,
whjoh givet 8. furiber confirmationo1f the 8flccenion dfthis d,nariy,
oaUingittheS'rotriya (brahmanical) 'V80q&.. At p. 65 we meet with
an interesting confirmation of the correctness of the details giftn in
. Dr. Griel'80U'S table, 80S we there find a. MS. by cmler of 80 non-reign-
ing prince, tJiz., G&.didharadeva 6 (mahillrajlldl&irlJ.itl..,a'ra kumtlrti) in L.~.
-372 (A.D. 1490), a dtAie whidk fiMvery well with that lut mentioned.
If .Rim88iqilia, the king. of .Kithila. mentionedat.p. ,13 med., be
tOO _me as Rimabhadra, then the composition of :8'rIkara.'s eominentary
OD,tJae,Amarako. there deseribed falls at theen4-t)f the Hthcentnr1.
'l'he'priDCl8 Indueoa, or Indr8BeDa, the a.uthor oftbewerk-aelOribed
_ p , wollld seem from 'hiB biruda RUplioDiriyaJl& to have' belonged
~~iII family.
I anbjoill& .borttabIe-of :ihia dynasty (Table:Ifl).
. GoBU:ImJ&.O(R).KPiti1ll'. In:this ron,thaHs,in theOOllIl'b7
,~ of .Nepal. OD'~' sides ofthe Gli94ak, t1JeLo'8_reisaedlluring the
li~ centJll'f & dyD808liy, bKherto .not '8OU.oed:by ~ wri1IerB,'wt

. ~ Bp. lnd. JI. 9,11.

-l'lnclia (tr.)'I. S02; GiiJma is aleG kI!.oWD froJllooins, BOJQ.e of them found J8
... 1Hfth "~I'BiIpIcin, Indian .Coins (91'UndflsB,"11 3~), p. '''~J 'T. A..
:~ L.lL;S.lL"W.I. 1.8QIJ. . . - '. '. .
. ,"cl .6.... IX"IU._'l"1;~. J:1U'\Ul'.:. ...ae'Clll8 .....,.uflion to.m.....
., .... _J.lp._lo.4. ~.cit. .
'. ' . OWf8Ilt. T4e dotewOrp .,.t, ....Dr.l[iQ)botJl..~ J~ JJttdo
Wec1lie1ictay 18th Deaember,.lGIO. . , .
I I. BoA.. B. 1898, p. 288. Dr. lDggeliDg, Oat. I. 0., p 878, seemB to- _pt it
.10. . . _ . . . . . . . . . .
Kumlra Gadiahara Sbpha ill. that ta le.
20 History of Nel1al and 'fi,"Ofiflding Kingiloms.

apparently connected with that last mentioned. Several of the rulers

are mentioned in colophons of the present catalogue, and one of
these must be in all probability identified with the issue of a series
of coins, unpublished as yet and also undated, but apparently belong.
ing to this century.
The first sovereign mentioned is PfthvisiIphadeva in whose reign
in [Vikrtupa] S&Ipvat 1492 (A.D. 1434.5) at OampakiJrarJ.yataagara was
copied M.S. No. 1508 (.) at p. 61.]
His successor was probably, as we shall presently see, S'aktisiIpha..
Of the next king, Madana 01' Madanasilphadeva, we have three
mentions in these MSS. At p. 51'15 we find him mentioned as reigning
in Vikrama-SaIpvat 1511 (A.D. 1453.4) at Campakiral}yanaga.ra. His
epithets are interesting. The first, tJiprarlJja, seems to point to his
belonging to the same wotriya tJa~n'a which reigned in (Eastern) Tirhut
and so does the birfida ending in n/Jrc1yatza which all the members of that
dynasty assumed. The pandit is uncertain about the reading daity.
anlJriJyat'a, but I find from my own notes on tbe same MS. thl.t I read the
compound thus. I should propose to interpret it like daityafliBfldana and
daityiJri (both epithets of Vi'l}u) by reference to the Vai,o.a.va faith o~
the king. This would accord well with the legend of a set of coins
first identified by Dr. Hoey with this same region and at present in the
British Museum. This legend is ~ ~ ~ ~ and on the re-
verse ~ ..."'.. 1<4 1. The lettering of the coins may wen belong
to the 15th century and I am glad to have the authority of my friend
Mr. Rapson, to whom I am indebted for my knowledge of the coins, that
their general style and workmanship is referable to the same period.
Atp. 29 (MS. 1001 1If) we find another MS. of the same reign
written at Gorakoapura in L.S. 339 (1457 A.D.) It is interesting to
note that the era used is that of Lakomao.a Sena, as it confirms the
accuracy of the Vikrama date, and also forms the first instance hitherto
noted of the employment of the era west of the Gan4ak, i.e., beyond
the limits of Bengal. Lastly, Madana appears as a royal author giving
his name to the Madana.mtnapradipa (p. 223). This work is said in.the.
colophon to have been composed (tJiracita) by the' king :Madanasbpha.
devs., who was the son of kiDg S'aktisilJlha [see above], adorned with
many birudaB.' At the beginning of the text, however, the work is ODly
\..id to be 'promulgated (praiaiyate) by Madana ' and at; the end we are
told that he got the work done (kiJritu :-doubt.less a. common oase
. with Indian royal a.uthors I) by one Visvanitha living at 'Kui.tirtha.,l
probably Bena.res. ..
1 Does the prefix Sri imply the abovementioned town of.Oampakiraw.,ratber
than the mere region lOcalled P
 TABLE I.
KINGS OB' NEPAL PROPER FROM THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE ERA OF NEPAL TO THE DIVISION OF THE KINGDOM
(A.D. 879-1474) .
.tbbreviatitm8: 'V, VI, vs, vs,' represent the newly. discovered Valpsiivali and its three divisions; I Cat.' the catalogtlll of the
Dnrbar Library by Pal,lIJit Haraprasiid Sistri; , Camb. Cat.' my own catalogue of Buddhist Bkt. MSS. at CAmbridge. I K' and I H. J.,
after dates represent respectively the kind assietance of my frieuds, Proff. Kielhorn and Jacobi, in verification. MSB. marked I Camb. I:l:I
5:
W~~ . l
Or.' are those reoently acqUired b-' me in Ne~; expd.-expired (gata) year expressed in the MS., [expd.] the same not expressed
Dates in italio figures are de ed from the ohronicle (V.) only.
g
oc!
~

;
DATES WITH MQN'l'JlS.

References to
MSS., etc.
Reign acc.
to V.
t.....
~
Nepal era, when
not otherwise
specified.
Equivalent
A.D. .
~
;:
~
~
... ...
......... ~.
Righavadeva 46,6 moo Traditional founder of Nepal era. (20th
JaC!eva ... 10. Ootober, 879). ~
Vi madeva
'"
... ... 8,9mo
Narendradeva ... 1, 6 mo. ~
...... ...'" .. .
'"
GuI,Iakimadeva I.
...
65,5 moo S
Udayadeva ... 5,5 moo ec
Nirbhaya
Rndra 1 128, Phiilguna \~ Camb. Add. 866 Not named.
t
llhoja ... ... When Camb. Add. 2191 was oopied

~ fJai:~~
'"
(date gone I, llhoja was rnling alone.
Rndra
Laktmikiimadeva I.
195, 1015 . .. 1643 ... These joint regenoies not referred to
inV.
L".ikiUfadeva I. (sole
rnler.)_~
199,{'M!pd.] V.is
.-~~----~
11.039 .. " 1683 21 ... I Friday, 30th March 1039' (Kielhorn)l

1 Commu,tib.ted by letter. 'Dr.'~'B previouBworking (Ind. Ant. XVII. 252) of the date as a ourrent year rested on a rois
print in the ~e:lt (not, however, in the Arabic nnmerals) of my Cambridgl' Cat., p. 172. ....to
 ~

niT .S WJ~ J(!>ittns.

,-, "' -- -- -- ;- -- -- - Referehces to
MSS., etc .
Reijttt aCll.
to V.
NepaJ. era , whilU Eq uiv ale nt
not ot,herwise
~
A.D.
specified.
kin gdo m at Lal i
1"", 31 Re ign ed ove r hal f the
tiip ur (V.I)
!'
.'J.,.. (' Vijaya.' V J
I 'to!"

6,~sePt'l Ca t., p. 30
1~ ~ ... 1 Ca lle d' Balava
nta
Sep tem ber , 104 6' (K. )
... 'W edn esd ay 24t hO 'in VI 'md (wrongly) ~

.iW!lthtldeta
.'fad~ ..
167 [c~~nt], An-.r 104
180 Magha lofijj.eo .. 11

Camb.Add. 16841 Na me
faded
Bil ade va in my pre vio
P1'i:Ib&b1r (1,) Wed., lilt!
us list s.
. 1~ (1.). t
~,umna.kimadeva. {
185 Ya K
186 Mi gh"
10645
10656 .. ,,2 19 7 In V.
2.
IT hiS dat e is con firmed by my own not
e t
1
) ma de from the MS.
'. Ni gir jan a r 10689 Cat:, p. 92
I of the Society.
Th e Hodgson Collection Pref. p. ui. ,
Mitra, A~tas.

San kar ade va

111 89, .:lfi4hll
~ 191, Pt* tg ~tp
. 1'<510.71
1077
A.a .B. A 16
A.S.B. (coli. of .
tJ 15
.
.I
Cf.

J.A
Ra

.S.B .
j.
note, and Foa che r,Ic ono
Ixii. i. 249
gra phi e, p.27.
. Vallee,Pous8in,
Th e dat e does
Bouddhisme p. 388. acobi inf orm s me.
19S cur reD t, ~rav. Dr. J

t 1893) l not wo rk out , 808

f
meWht tmee!'hItIl
A ~ dAl!e 'tit 'IIO
J.R.A..S., 1891, p. 687.

..be'" ,'f'
Minaev~.8t.
S atio n,
.108181 . iut erp ret
300, ~ I"etersburg. Fri day . 10t h May, 109t., 0' (X) . Th e dat e
,Va...deYll 14 yea rs 80 ; bue _
ia bm itte d in the Oa p.

,tr roBO,.'.,. KlthMi~4u No. yer ilec 1 by my ael f.

110 [.i: pd .H 'e... . lGOS. . } 11)98;.112&)
' .
~
t .9
....
Iot a 'Oa'mb. Add. SI W0l'\tiDig of elate quo ted
tla . . . Vi fol , ...

!
on~t 1098
lti\1.aeY..

~Vaiakha tU 8 ViJiao te 11.

plae,H
seeffic
4 '1
odg
27iab tho~
IS out
~ See above, pp. 6'1.
~
1120 Ind
946, pra tha ma - ,~ ,. A.~ 1098-1125)
Siv ade Ya (I &Mdha. Camb. Or 142 ".
248 JVe3tha 1123
 Indradeva (B)
~', P9il~Q.. n~8.9 Inli. 01 21I2a. "'1 12 IOmitted by Wrigb,t, an,d Bh,a.gavanlll;
tbOM~ ~,ntWntl4 by Kirkp"trick.

Minadeva
f .
~ i',-pQ.,Kirtt. n~8,O.Clt. call1b,,.Add.1643'1 '''''~Dd,ay,Wth~.llM'U~
~ JIi9. Bhidrap U39 lDlOriftjon '~PDr.o 4,7 moo
Narendradeva
L'-I.&IIl traruiJpba in J 254 expd., Philg. 1134
ne" p.81.
Qat.. p. 6,2 ... J As to this date, see the foregoing artiole,
p.l,~.... ~ ~

. "-Wr:'and Bh.-lll)
""J"'
'
-
361 J"I\\MA
267 Migba

n5 c.itra
IJ4l
ll46.7

l,l(i4.5
r"ris, Bum. l(H
'Vl,
."
foil.~4-J", 1

.o.1Pb. ~.J.30 II
'
'r'V'if.-p~tii'40'~'lll~IIII~~
t~~~~ ...._w~ ........ ol
,.
4n..c\i..~ tl4. PMI_~
'
t
~
~

.I"
Anandadeva (.)
278 Bhiidrap.
284 1IIigha
1168
116S4
p.u.~

IJilln
.dd. 28J3
141ll ~~ a.t ah~'
...
, 285 expd . Philg. 1165, Feb. P..m\l. ~4d. 2190,
l
20
Rbout
r
Ree J.R.A.S. for 1888, p. 551.
~ :N!>~ Plll"OluAaM.; ~~II
aI:Wo l4~h' 1IJk.. PMAribed:
t..JII\ Ui*iav,iQ.
Oolophoncopled (wf':t! mistakes) in Baj
t
1IIHrch.
~ (~II4.) Sri- J~65, July (J8~Q. MA. 16l!.8
11',(,7.-67). I'
)Ju.,a's A,~as. Pref. p. xxiv, note.
'SllMu.a~JulJ!. HM,i,ieJ~.IMd. t
l'
va",a.
~66 ftJA~&\lDa HIl6 Mouc\!ln. R,",SJ
Hodgson l
I
l
"nt.XVtI.249.
'pl\d...te(~l!iVQW1U.,i;~&t;_.
Philguna sudi ekldMyilJl adltyav.
j
rUodradeva
Amrtadeva (&) 296 Caitra I 1176
8, 1mo....
I Cat., p. 65 ... 3, 11 mo.... I~I!!I~ raad~Df ~ Q_t. s ..IW1qwe_
b.r " tflWll'" f~m tM M~SItf ~Jijl f t
c)lIp1.~7 .
f.
~
.
f
}
to
date reads 186 ~jghakr"a diva dalam-vlZ buddha [8i(:] dine. I suggested Dr. Kielhorn (and he agreet!I), that '~t' p!'O_bly
1 The
lIIiiAcll f{U ~4m_ tftOOv. '!'mch ~veB ~86 as an e.~ir!l4 year (th" u~ual solution for this ef~') If 110w!lver we ipterpret ~I!e 4_t@
as meaning" on the tent-, day," we have to take the rare s+lution (1. Aut. :XVII. 252) of it. current year, witbthe result (as Dr. Kiel
horn blforJDS me) Wednelliay. 2nd Ii'QHriary, 1065.
I Sou of B'ankaradeVlt, born 8ql1l8i l'I7, A,i4tll', VI fQIl. SOb-Sla.
B No doubt identical with Maheudradev80 the lIu,var4j (~)in B'ivade,",'1I reign after whom the tank Mahendrasaras
was Damed. VI fo1. 24b. I*.l P~J!o~ ~g. 4. The same Mah~dra. bil'th is nCQ1'lle4ln VIas happening is S&IJl. 199 (fol. 31a, where
Siha~melvara.va jlUtra lS apparently an error for SivaaO) See Plate, fig. e.
1. 3. '
Son of a Sihadeva' (possibly heM llarasbp.ha Or NUlIOdra) born in 219 Vaiia.kha. V2 f. SIb.
~\'4lJli ~ VI (f, ~lb 1. bC)~ ~ l!38, A8Vin& and lik~iBe a Bon of .. Sih/lileva. ~
 to
~
DATES WITH MONTHS.
\
References to Reign acc.
Nepal era, when Equivalent M8S., etc. to V.
not otherwise
specified. A.D.

[Batnade'V8.J 303 Caitra. [1183 P] Tracing from Not men

fFulI ....., mm .....D. (oolophoD ~
being omitted at p. 86 of Cat.) of ~
if Nepal era M8. in Kathm. tioned in MS. IM8G. at Kithm Library: Salllv.
~
Library. any His
tory. l 303 [words and fignres] caitra sudi
paiicamyilp somadine. As to the
kiug see the article. ~....
Someevaradeva (1) ... 4, 8 mo. R
Gn,..,akimadeva II. 307 Philgnna 1187 Cat., p. 76 ... 3 Reading of Cat. verified by tracing from
MS. !:
~
Laktmikimadeva II. 813 dvir.AsiitJha 1193 Br. Museum, Or. Not men- Date retouched. ' It does not work out'

~
2279 (No. 550
in my Cat.)
tioned. (H. J.)
I=
v Vijayakiimadeva
316 "
1196, July Br. Museum or.!
3345 (No. 642
my Cat.) )
17 ... Probably Thursday, 11th July 1196. See
note in B.M. Cat. Sk. MSS. p. 230.
;:!
R.
,go
317 Vais ' 1197 Cat. p.,1l8 ...
~ ... [....... JA'M ... 1201 May
326 expd. S'rav. 1206, July. Cat. O"'p,'" ... ~ 15
p. 96 ...
...
(aboutl201-
Reading confirmed by my notes in the
Library. 'Sunday, 27th May,l201 (H.J.) ~
.lrimallacleva Cl) ~

r
Aug. Camb. Add. 1216) ... ' Thursday, 14th Jan., 1216,' Kielhom in
336 [expd.] Pan,a 1216, Jan. 1618 ... LA. xvii, 249.
[Ba\IUm] 842 Marga 1221 B.M. Or. 2208 Not named Perhaps a rija of another part of Nepal.
(No. 512 in my

r 844, 1223
Cat.)
Kiithm. No. 2141
{ 11&" (o'''oot moo") D..... by ~ iD
1884. The Pal}tJjt apparently did not
858, Jyeftha 1238 ... Cat. p 69 ... see this MS., a copy of the Bhiratiya.
ni~aSi8tra. Compare Sylvain Levi

I 367,current,Migha. 1246 Jan.

Feb.
B.M .. Or. 2203
(myCat.No.536)
"Rapport," p. 16.
Date somewhat indistinctly written.
 { "S. (Pdoo.Full.....date) ............
{ ~I
by
AbhayamalIa Pal)~it. from my noteB:
367, Philguna 1247, Feb. Kithm. new 42, 6 moo 367 Philgnna S'nkla ekidilll idityav.
cat. No. 11 Sunday, 17th Feb., 1247. (H.J.)

.I.
lal. [Ilbp] [l262J ..... , St. Pet. Minaev
Colln .
J ~"'J ........
I"I'P''''''' _ _
and doubtless copied wrong: for Dr.
Jacobi reports that theweek.dayworks
ont wrong and naktatra impossible.
<1aJadeva
{ 875 ASi~a
377, Bhidrap.
1255, June
1267
VI, fol. 26a
Coil. of Bhaga
vinIaI 1884
~
2, 8 moo ...
~ ......." JMO 7th, ,.... (E1 w......
PUll81'vasu was the, Nak:,atra; see the
srtiole, p. 8, note 40.
See the same note.
$
vi
~.
Jayabhimadeva 380, ezpd. Caitra 1260 April ... Tracing from Wednesday, ApriI2nd, 1260' (89weU);
MS. 1320D.at
Kithmiindu
13,3 mo .... Bee p. 9, note 1.
f The second form is taken from VS fo1. :r
~
Jiyajiha (siha) Jballadeva ! ! 2,7 moo ""1 35, where the birth of Jay-.iham. is
recorded (84.9, Vai'.; father; Jagat.
anekamalla) just before that of l
Anantamalla (8)
f'99,P-400, "
1279

1280
Cat. p. 46 (wr)

Tracing cor
rooting Cat., I
11
~
l Anantamalla.
Tracing from MS. confirms reading of
Cat., bnt no week day ill decipher.
able.
~ In the Cat. we must read , as my tracing
shows, Ananta for Ananda; bnt Dr.
~

I
~

.g'
p.44. I ( Kielhorn reports that the date does
J not work out correctly.
.g.~
1 Though no MSS. of this reign are extant, Somevara is duly recorded by Kirkpatrick (reigu 6 years 3 months) and in V.

'QIII'' '
(tel. 82a), where we learn that he was the sen of Mahendra and born in 240 Phalguna sudi 13, Maghinak~atra. If the following phrase
'f1r '" means that he reigned and died in (240+ 53) 293, it will not fit well with the ascertained date of Amrts.deva. .
i
Acoording to va, fol. 32b, Arimalla, Bon of Jarasi [sic], Malladeva, was born 274, reigned 15 years (according to Vi 25 years 10
months; but thiB does not suit with the other datee), and lived 62 years 10 montha.This puta his death towards the end of 336, which
our laet date from MBS. will just allow. . .
Born 366, son ot Rljadeva. He was apparently childless. For at 26b (Plate; fig. 7. 1. 1) we read that in his reign the
Yuvaraj (~ the usual for~ bl the Chronicle) Jayidityadeva imprisoned his uterine brother, Jayinandadeva. Now .. tQ'
Jayiditya, according to VI (85b), was the Bon of Jayabhima, and was bQrn 358. Probably there is something wrong in this lut ~
 to
a"
DATES WITH MONTHS.

Nepal era, w.ben

not otherWIse
I
Equivalent
A.D.
References to
MSB., etc.
Reign acc.
to V.

specified.

rl403. A,i~h&
._ _ . ___ -.____--.-..J~---_

.1 405, Vaisikha .. .
.. . 1283
1285
... I Cat. p.
(,,) 46
1
32,10mo.Vl

Tracing, revis-I 35,11 moo VII I 405 or possibly 401 ; week.day not given.
r
"=:
~
ing Cat. p. 46
(wr) ~
"t:!
406, Caitra .. . 1286 I
. .i B.M. Or 1439
--
:::I
(Cat. No 440.) l i
Auantamalla
[continued;]
I 408, or Sambat 134t.: 1287 Kirkp. p. 264. r The first recorded double date (in two
eras). ~
!
Wednesday, 26th June. 129'1 (K). Date

I
417, [e x p d]. } 1297 June
A,idha. ... { VI fo1. 27a
of a donation to puupati.shrine of a
VB " 40b banner, etc., by Ananta.
422 VaiSikha 1302
... I Camb. Add..

Jayinandadeva
II 4fl Srival].&
438 Philgnna ...
... 1807 ... VB fol. 42 . J
1306.
1318, March I Cat., p. 73 } Dnration not
Date of a donation (P ) to PMUpati.
From my notes I see that the MS. was
~.
2:1
badi 15, s\lkre copied at M&l].igala.vihira (in Patan, ~.
and my notes stated ...
1820
I cf. Cat., p. 88). The date works out to
Friday, 13th Mar. 1818 (H.J).
<Q
"
Jaya.rndramalla 1
and
:'! 44() Caitra
1826
VS 44a (cf. 27b) Date of coronation of Jayirimalla (pu"i-
bhi,ekba).
;!
~
'H I Vl27b
layirimalla (co.regeut) 446 A,i~ha Vl16b See note 1, below.
Invasion of Nepal by 448 Oaitra 1828 I V127b
Adit[yJamal[l]a.
Dissensions nntiIac08ssioD
of

r 467 S'rival}a 1347 V (1) 28b Plate
fig. 8
"Accession with assent of both royal
families and with general consent"
(V (1) 28 b; Plate fig. 8, line 1).
474 13534 Cat. p 71 Year (no month) verified by tracing from
Jayarijade1'8. (a)
"'1 476 13556 As. Soc. Beng.
(ColI. of 1893)
MS.
See J .A.S.B., LXII. i., 250. MS. omitted
in Kniijavihiiri's Cat. Correct king's name
l
( f (Vijayarijadeva) to JayarO (tracing).
Date verified in my notes. ' Monday, ~
484 Kirttika 1363,Oct ... Cat. p. 31 23rd October, 1363 ; nak~atra, etc. cor ",,"

II rect' (H. J.) 8"

491 Bhiidrap. 1371 Cat. p. 88 ~
I 493 Pau~a 1372 Camb. Add Peterson, llitopadesa, Pref., p. ii. ~
Jayiirjnnamalla (S) ... ~ \
494 Bhadrap
2564.
Camb. Add. ~
II S'aka 1297, Philg.
1374

1376 Febr.
1689
Cat. p. 121 .. "\ IEarliest MS. dated in a nonNepalsse
"e
....
I:l

l era. Date: Friday, 22nd Feb. 1376

(H.J.) i
----
NEW DYNASTY FOLLOWS.
I
statement. For it seems unlikely that Anantamalla should not only have superseded an older heir apparent, but also have allowed him
to live on as heirapparent to himself. Moreover, in VB (36b) we find mention of Jayabhima as rija in 378 and Jayasirphamalladeva
...t
.E
(who seems to have aotnally succeeded him, according to Vi 26a) as yuvariija. This seems very strange if Jayiditya was alive all the
time. The statement of Wright may be correct in so far as it implies a divided kingdom in Ananta's time.

f
1 Jayarudra. was the son of Jayatai:lgamalla. Jayiiri is called 8va1cufumbll, a vagne phrase for C kinsman' perhaps. The full date
of his death (or of the suttee of his wives-the punctuation would allow of either interpretation) is 446, Asi(lha piirl}ami, VB at 46b
gives the same date, for the death (~ perhaps 'time up to which he remained iu the world,' a common expression in the
ohronicle), not mentiouing the suttee; but it makes two suspicious additions: (I) The addition of 'prathama' to the month, though
.1sadha was not intercalated; (2), the impossible allowance of 30 years 8 months to the king's reign.
S Born 437, PhiiZgunll kr'tla dll/ami dhane,fa [sic], brhaspati viira; son of Jayanandadeva by a saitgrahatli bhiirvii (VB, 45b). The
tracing referred to in the last colnmn was kindly sent me by Mahiim. Haraprasid Sistri.
a Son of Jayariijadeva and Rudramadevi, apparently (see p. 11, note) born in 467, VaiSsodi 7. (Vi, f. 28&; Plate fig. 8) According
to va (60b) he died in 502, Miigha badi 5. l.'his may well be correct; for the date 604 given doubtfully in my Cambridge Cat. p. 119,
is much too uncertain to form a oontraryargument. On reexamination I find the middle word looks more like cihna (not known as a
numeral word) than hindu. On the other hand, vi,ava=5 is certain; so that Jayirjuna was alive in 500 or A.D. 137980. ~
~
 ~
DATES WITS: KONTlIS.
.,
Reference to Beigaaco.
Nepal era, when HSS., etc. toy.
not otherwise Equivalent
apecified. A.D.
~
~
N3" DYNASTY
600 Philg11Da ... 1 1380 ... I Cat., p. 48
VendII
here
Ohronogram and figues; MS. written
at BhatgiOD., 'a;vats. was the mantrin. 0
J
See Cat., pp. 43,84. Tablesin Camb. "
Six other datea, { Cat. and "Journey" alac inacription in ~
l.~hitimalla be tweenthia
and
cc Journey" (date verified I. A.
XVII, 249.)
i
......
514, dvirA,a (P) 1394 ... , Cat., p. 87 ,
l~ if meant for A,i9ha interca"
lated, is incorrect by the Tables of
Sewell.
i
layaailp.barima .... 616 ... , 13966 ... \ Tra.oing, revising In the Cat. read'" t,( as my tracing i
Joint regenoy of Jaya' {
athiti's three aonB...
619 Kirttika
620 Avina
... I
e ,
1398
1400
Cat., p. SI
... , Camb. Add 28S'
" ,,16640
ahows. No ;month is legible.
J. B.. A. B. for 1888, p. 661.
i.
.g
B.egenDy of Jayadharma. 618 Vai'ikha ... ,1403 ... , Ioaoription See the artiole, p. 15, loud note. ~
malla (alone), aa yu-
varij' .[
1532 lIirgaS. ... , I'll
IiSS expd., lIigha I 1413,lan.
"'I { Cnmb
1649. .
Inaor.
Add. A retouched colophon: see Camb. Oat~,
p.l55. ~
1lith Jan., 141S. Verified I. A.XVII, 247.
layajyotirmalla (1) 1540 Bhiidrap. ... 1420 W'l Camb.Or.l48 ...
641 Bhidrap. ... 1421 ... Cat., p. 36 Verified by my own notes both in 1884
and 1899.
54'1 (no month)... 14267 '" I St Pe te r a See J. R. A. S., 1891, p.688.
(](inaev)
 S'aka 1350 Mirgas I 14289 .. I Cat., p. 23 Month supplied from my notes on the
(Nov. Dec.) MS.
Four other dates See Cambr. Cat., p.l97 (correoting t.'~
(549590) to "'It) and Table; also the present
Cat., p. 36.
Yak~amalllll 591 Caitra 1471 { India Office ..
Hodgson 2743
694 Jyettha 1474 Cat., p. 75, and 'fhe full date (from my notes) completes B:/'
my notes. the 'loka thus (though badly) : - ;:.
~ ~~ ~ 11~"'~ I .I
~
(For the divided kingdom see next Table.) ?:.

1 Born N. S. 493 V3 (55b).

i.....
Q
t
!
I
j'
~

1
I>:)
'.0
 TABLE 11. o0-:

DIVIDED KINGDOM OF NEPAL (1496 TO BEGINNING OF XVIITH CENT.)

Yaklilamalla (reigning in 594 Jye~tha=A.D.1474.)
. I
I I I
Line of Bhatgion (cf. Oat., pp. 1079.) Line of Kathmandu. Line of Banepa.
(of. Supra, p.16fin.) I:I::l
A.D.
I
1495.6 (Jays.) Biyamalla N.S. 616 Ohrono-
gram in Oat. p. 16.
I
Ratna
I
Jayaral)amalla Bh.lil in
I. Ant. XIII. 414 fin. cf.
~
~
~
I Cat., pp. 115, 19. ~
BhuvanamalIa. Amara Wife: NithaIladevi. ~
I Son: Vijayamalla. .....
~

1&240-88 Jita-maIla and Pril)a.malla (joint regenoy) Siirya \:l

;;t
N.S.644, :8hidrapada N.S. 654, Kiirttika, Oat. p. 103. iI..
I A.D. I .."

Pri\lamalla (sole king). 1551 Narendra, (Camb. Or. 135.

I
N.S. 671, S'rival)a.) ~
I
Vi'vamalIa.. 1566 Jaya.Mahendra (same MS.) 686, S'rival)a. l
~.
I I
Trailokyao or Tribhuvanamalla, (see p. 16.)
1"071-1586-6 1575-6 S'adiisiva. N.S. 696. (See Table II in C Journey.') ~
;:!
(Insor.) I I 1-
161'1- 1638 JA-~J''yotirmalla {See Cat., pp. 109. 1600 S'ivadeva. (Insor. oited in CJourney' Table n.)
....-. 16 (S'aka 1550.) ~
Harihara.
(Subdivision of this kingdom followed).
For the remaining Kings of Nepal (with dates from ooins), see Journey in Nepal,' Table I1, and Cambridge Cat. p. 16.
 History of Nepal and BUN'oflnding Kingdom.. 31

TABLEm.
REIGNING KINGS OF TIRBUT, EASTERN AND WESTBRN.

EA.STERN TIRHUT.

Oompiled from Vardhamiina's GailgakrtyavitJeka (Br. Mm.; Or. 81567a),

called 'G' below, and ViJcaspati'sMaMdiJna.ni,"'!aya (' M.'; Cat.,
p.122.)
1. Kimey. G.
[2. BhogeSvara. elder son of 1. Mentioned in vernacular records
only.]
3. Bhavey. M, [younger] son of 1. G.
4. (J) HarasiJPhadeva, son of 3, M.G.
5. NarasiJpha. (M), Nrsirp.ha (G) called Da.rpa.niiriiya9&, son of 4
(M.G).
6. (I) Bhairavendra M. BhairavasiJpha called Hariniiriiya9a. G.
This reign commenced not later than A.D. 1496, when the MS. G.
was copied.
7. Ramabhadra G called Riipaniirayal}a G.
8. Lak,minitba called Ka1p.ll&niiriiyaI}A., reigning in December
1510. Cat., p. 63, date verified by Dr. Kielhorn.)

DYNASTY OF GORAKBPURCAKPARAN (WESTERN TIRBUT).

1. Prthvi.siJphadeva, A.D. 143435.'
2. S'aktisiJpba.
3 MtMIAne.
-.3- (S' h d )
up. a eve.
f 145354.
]457.58.

I According to severnl works of Vidyipati, oited by Eggeling, Cat. I. 0.,

p. 8766 (aee also GriersoD, Ind. Ant., Mar. 1899, p. 67.) Bhavefa was auo.
ceeded by his elder Bon, DevasiJilha, Bnd he by his SOD, S'ivaairp.ha. It is
significant th&t not only Vardhamina and Vioaspati pass over these kings
in silence, but Vidyipati himself dces so in NaraaiJilha'B reign (Baj.lfitra
NotioeB vi. 68). They were perhapB not generally acknowledged
Vidyipati (Eggeling 1. 0.) and the Ohronicle admit the previOU8 reign of an
elder brot.her, DhiraaiJilha. oalled Hrdayanm1aJ)llo.
Biltory of Nepal and ,u"rounding Kingdoms.

TABLE IV.
AN UNKNOWN DYNASTY (Cat., pp. 153-54).

(Fro'm, the Aooradipalca of Ga;agiJ"i!J~u. )

Mukunda

Bhrngi.
I
Hambira. King of TrurilgadeSa..
I
Pratipa.
I
Dimodara called Digvijaya.
I
Kiimariija.datta.
I
Trivikrama (patron of the book).
 CATALOGUE OF PALM LEAF MSS.
IN THE DURBAR LIBRARY, NEPAL.

~~~iU I
( .. f.dl""T) HQ "mu I ~-ita'm I

'11!1 Q'!f ;r iffir 4;ij'la,~5'In ~ ~ NNmt I

~."eQ,"~~1 Q'Q'T-

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'd,dlqj "CIlileqJri '""'~: I
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OF

PALM-LEAF MANUSCRIPTS
IN TilE COLLECTIOX RECENTLY )IADE BY

HIS EXCELLENCY
MAHARAJA SIR BIR SHA.lIISHER JANG BAHADUR RA~A,
PRBIE MJ~18TER _~ND COM1HNDER-Hi-CIIIEF Ot NEPAI,.

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OF SOJ1E of TIlE

R ARE PAL M-L E A F M S S.

IX TIlE

DURBARLIBRARY, XEPAL.

( \(,9 I S'( I) ~3iHor~'QG"'~T. By CfT"q~fci. 12 x 1 illches.

Folia, 82. Lines, 6 on a page. Extent., 2,091 I(lokas. Character, :Maithila.
Date, (r) Appearance, old. Prose. Generally correct.

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old. V ~rse. Correct.
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(of which leaves 8-29 are missing). Lines, 5 on a page. Extent, G18lillokas.
Character, l'IIaithila. Date, Lak~maQ.a Era, 426. Appearance, old. Verse.
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( \ o~'I!: I 'Cl' I) ~rnrOfiTi{cn{. 8 x 2 inches. Folia,12. Lincs, 5

on It p~ge. Extent, 181) 910ka~. Character, Newal'l. Date, Newiir Era,
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( ~~'i.. I ~ I) ~ftirOfiTRcH!. (~<!ITf<!l~Tl'fT<fTiffi{Cii!.) 10 x 1~

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Newiil'l. Date, Ncwat' Ern, 299. Appearance, old. Verso. Correot.

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 ( -El\t( I @ I) Cfiii{~!i~lqqij. By ~lSfj(;srqiil'. 10 x 1 inches.
Folia,116. Lines, 5 on a page. Extent, 1,740 Itlokas. Character, Nagara.
Date, (?). Appearance, old. Prose and verBe. Generally correct.
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Folia, 37. Lines, 5 on a pagf:'. Extent, 699 ~lokas. Character, Maithila.
Date, Saka, 1577. Appearance, old. Yerse. Gellerally correct
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End. n'IfT cl'lsitil m~'Q'1l'a': 'Q'nl'1'Q'iQ'lW n'll'T + + + +

m!ltl1J:ott n'liT + + + + 11"~i1' aICPntt. '9:~l!i ~tQJ~{~
:!I~)~'a'TltiI'T + + + itfn il1i ~TlilT?1r~v;ijQfqfn 11
Colophon. yfn "WT"")'Q'rurT1lVl;;r~~ iilTQl:GmR~ ~ifil?1W)sar'q':
1I'Iurr: 11
C\
~ni ~ ~ B ifiC!i') trTit ~~T~,it'Q'1l:1lTqVltGflifitTilJn
'Q'OnT VI~fhrillr f\!l'fQrnf1t~ '0
'Q'1:ft1li1l 1
1l'lfT 1I'lfT f",~'Q'1l 0I'ml. n'liT am 'rl'liT I
~~Tft'Q'l?1i.;j tl{ feR fiirma" 11

~1f;St a~ llWWt: ~"T"!

'~lIi'~lfflferfnllil~V~: I

llVJir!~f~OI'mI.'Q'Q'lVl:
11 ifT5~ f~.q.ffflfn~~: Ir
n{ltq)ma-~m{'Q'~ ~~n",",fYm
"1TIlTl:lfTQV\"''3; ~~IJ'{fn{i~ "lfl "q~
15
 ( )

.. 'IJit 'if;;{: 1!?lqT;f~ ;rllt1i[l'li{f~~

fOf!lcti titll'l~~<iI'~~ri~H:f~fY1:: 11 1'ft.{ I
f1f1il'<J: I q"'tqt~T1J'Te(t.{ I

O( ~I:~ I l:f I) -qr{~u.hrfSli<JT. By '3iijCf~lf-ri. 10x li inclles.

:Folia, 40. Line!!, 5 on a page. Extent, 606 ~lokns. Character, Newiki.
Date, (?). Appearance, old. PrClse. Incorrect.
Beginning. ~ f~fa: I ~ ;rq: mq'iTlTtlIllnit I
aT';"', :q~~~1i.nT q;r:~n~a-llSnl([. I
8lTq'iiiTsif~'II~"'ifi tft''lJl~!:f \l1~1i: 11 (?)
~'ffif1fl-lf lI~lI'6'Itft!J~f1rrJt!"~ "flCQ'lIT f~".Ii~
8l1,~'~~a-Tft: ~,n~'lJ;rT liT ';!a-T~,~,h\: I

~~T'iil~Tll'i~l?lf:rlla-'l~mT: WR:a"lfij :q lf~T

~~lt;;ll.'IJ: 'Q,ffill~") mn~ oSlfllllli'tfq 11
~~!:f~YT~;ri qn~T~rq ~T'if~t.{ I

ll~t~' qf.iT~T") f~~~ 1i(T~Wl~ij' 11

!lT~I;ri fnfq~",;ri ~~;W liI'iOlqfq- 'if I (r)

~ ~ ~ <=:.~
~qliCl 'gl~;r: ~oor ~'1JTell'1..ql~;r: 11

f'iiql'iirtCfilil'~T f::ril"T a-r$l;r ~i~: I

fSlff~~lltiTiT;r q'lJl" !ff1~q~~~ 11

w~fu lffts~tli l$f1~li:fTlftlU ;r1'IJlfi: I

nql'll"'ti!;r fofil;r ii1:Yit fil"iIt~ llnI 11

'i~ aarffi"t - i:'q""t ~Tf~iQ"T~ I

- - - - - - 1Ut.{ v) 1J~ fi:ft1q, 11 ~1'IfTftr I

End. a"'u:rnfiP:i: I 'lrQi: 'fa-m I ~{ifl' vfff ftwft:r: I ~~;r~liI'~ I

.
~{if I Strt"'t I ~tI. 1\ ..,ci JIe - - 1IinltTfafn I

Oolophon. ~fu ~'1- ~~T-'iQTBJTlll(ij!fifi"'tf-~"m ll'~'QfifiqTllt a~T""

f~lff~f::rtf~" il""lq ll'Qq: 11 (Vl'f: 1iIf-.sm I)

~1t1f: I a:T~~~1J1lR1! I
 (t(t!.8 I 1! I) 1H(!iCJfc(5fliif'R:"fiJ{. By 5f1iUD'1:n1~(f. 10 x 1 inches.
Folia, 44. Lines, 5 on a page. Extent, 61:309Iokas. Character, Newari.
Date, (?). Appearance, old. Prose and verse. Generally correct.

Beginning. '" ';fItT ';fT~"{Tll I

'(liiiij1i'fT~~~~~or~~~l~nI'1Ttl1:ll;:i
lqTilaTf~ltl\!l'Tq;:r;~mfunm tnifnt ~~sf~ I
'ri <q'Tm"lqT~lll'f WN lIiftlrtffi: 'fi qVliCi' n~

~ltl~lS~' ClitrT'EiI''l f'lJ'6!'lffn f=rf~n: 'Q'Tij eft !pI';fT'Q'1 11 (?)

'IiIllnT i51'q~m~lif~SlJ:'Q'Ti3or I q "'11': ... ... ... ...

';fT'll~~cl"~It~!iT ~ a';:1l1f~a:

ffi'1ffl1n:rll.1a'f~Tf~~f?;1(finmT: I
l1iQ'f.qcT\t~~v'!fi'{~~iTf;:r:
~t'q(# fa'i5I'qQ~~~m:;itSq"l 11

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
fri 1U~Rll. Wqm I VI~r W'lt.q~llljl~or t~ tliIti
\t"" 0.-
r.r~Tll n'lna'Trtr - - - - - fi:r';fq;rcr.n~~~ - - ~tft'
om:ffi~'ml'Ei1'i1uftlr ~';fT""q'(iln:~~w 'QT1&I=rfm orm
';fTe'fi orle-flinal"l I Ijfl!l"~ I

End. R~ ~T'I:1or: I 1U'ft ~!fil?f'(~ RlI~~nT I 'Q''m ~ trnl -

1l1it rd ",~;rr~'!fiWfT'!fi~Tifl~~:
!!is: vy-mnrfcirmll - - ~1!I'TiIil",,~q: I

1l1IT ~~'~';f~ t~;ftsit !f~'l

liit '(~ ~lQ1t""~"" 'GI'Ttltii - - -; - 11
( 'Srn: 'Q':( q~ I )
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~fufJ{tI1 U5f'lqQ~H~TCI "Q'(nUle;n~CI'<3'ar:rrl:!iE-ll sTi Wll: I

'!f~~lRcr:rr~iTill~f.r~iI'Tlij feftq~~CI'fl.i ~TCI'f~ftf lI'eftlil'lf

~tq;l:l3: I tif ~lHtlooffu~Fi fCl'lI'Q~cr'El';a;r:r ,msti ~0IIl'

yfn~tI1 "~~TtroeT;rle"'''hfrn ;mH~n.f ~i ~~T"Q'qn"\iQ'~l.{ I

( \ ~(\ I "fi" I) ~f<i161<i~. 8 x 1 inches. Folia, 37. Lines,

7 on [t page. Extent, 777 <;lokas. Character, Newal'i. Date, (r). Appear-
ance, yery old. Yerse. Generally correct.

Beginning. ~ ;r~: mCI'Tq I

vi'lll: ~CI'~ I
+ + + + + + ~T~~W~I
ft!rt i~ on: 'Ilmr~~rra ~cclo: /I
(m ~1 tfolilf~"! Wtf~l'ilfuil'll:~ I

00: ~.,j~rij~ fcr~i!

~
i + + + + + + l:1~ 11 W<!lT~ 11

End. ~~~T@:T (?) ~~Tff;:f.r ~c.r~it~ ~Tr~it I

~fogmif.5l""Hgmi ~~1l:f JlT~~"i{ 11

Oolophon. ( ilTflif I )

fcflf<r: I ~ftr l!!I1tI1'~Tit fcn'T1J-m ~TlI'qecnl3: I

~fo ~'" + ~ llc<3'l3: I

~fo fQ'flllllli"tarr"Q';r(?) "Q'e<3'i! I

~ftr ~a:n~~ II'fnlToif.f lfftf161"Q'e'El'i{ I

srn ~fulT~~ Cfi~ll~ qft~~IRl3: I

wfo 'qlt!1l1t(~i{ I

;rm Ilrnl1nif.f ~~~r1le<3'1!{ I

;rftf ~~f~~ij["Q'e'El''!. I
yfu ~a.rTq% UfClg'"Q'lfff: I

~fu ~w (?) !!fAij'~l3: I

 ( )

(\(~~ I ~ I) 'A'~~'R:~~. 12x1!inclJes. Folia,124. Lines'

6 on a page. Extent, 3,1(,0 I(loklls. Character, Bt'ngali. Date, Lak~
mal]a El'll, 408. Appearance, old. Verse. Generally COl'rCCt.

Beginning. ~ Vtg-~m1iJ1lnl ifg-: I

.. c:
'IIlIi~nQ'qT~: ~nr ~cm
fi
;!;

fchf;:rrr~aTYT~8i'~'li(i!fi' I
~lIIl!1'amfl;1'b1T m.-n'1 finlqrf;r
nrrr~ "Qfl:"?lf4 ~n~: 1lT{~T er: 11

'IlVlTmli{ ~~.tl~r (<uT:) ~{T 1NTiI'T({ 'A'<9llTer~Tif I

~'A'fW:JT iimnr~ lIf~fE!ll'm~q1Lq~f.rfCl"!~gr: 11

~;oTitTfu'iil' ~'iQ"~
# fcrNom ~Tfcrfi{ I
Q~~g-~,,~q..ti 'I1fq;i fcrmt 11

I'nj~hnijif ~nil~ ~~'11~% I

g-~~,:r~",lC[.<ifI~~i'hiil!l1Tln% 11
iir~:r~rf~'iQ"fiR~~wl;idlJ'fml ri I

'Rm~!fi'ug-M'A'fil'~eaiif'<3'TlII~ 11
'Illil'~ f2J1t~ 1IimTl1'flfa~lfQl'ft
~
I
wfqfi WIf.t1!i 1l'f{1l~tIlffler~~ 11
ij g~i~""'~) fu~~'Qer~ fa~~ I

f.~f1i: lIqfirf~: Sl'fn: Vllfw ~ ar~wqC[. 11

;fit\!l~ll!l'~t oTll!l'~~rrliQI'T~ I

.. 11

"t ([iT ntl!l't(ltfif) fir8ll1l1~QI'~: I

'Ilf8~Rlrirai~vrri'r~ cr;:r: 11

1i!nfll""{ n<>t~ ~W ijt 'tl1i ijt;r wrfnr: I

Ai pr: Ai fffilln ~~ Q~g-"ftr 11
 ( )

~'ffi n: lli '6Iilfn~5T'I!f llf~RT'ift'l'1J I

tq~e'{~~nT: 1fflfS:r~ina': 11 ~m~ I
0-
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End. 'IClI' l~lH!\iQ'~'R - - - - - - ~n""-
'i'!ll?llTq~f.;;P~~a'~~Tfl;riQln1iq: I
if~ El i a tt Tfm:jf.ITmfll ~ll'8fT;r,TifT.a;nflJ-
1H~ sftRi{ ~;r.;riTi{fll 'liif~ - - ~ftlRTSri lllllfi: 11
Il~~,.;f ll!ifnQqTa'nT fa'fQ:rnTlT ~ifT + n'~q: I (?)
wnf.tl !'U'fitI {a'~a'~qy ;rill s~ RlR 1lffi;mWQlij' 11
Oolophon. ~m ~"1l'Q1IQ~1~ '!fqfe.fwm: 1n:~: 'V,\lIf: I
yfR Vl1:I'1l1lQ1IT'f: ~"Tlf: 11
- 11

( \ .ee I ~ I) 1:I'''''l-l;:r;;;T~lfil:CfiT. By 'f'El. 12 x l i nches.

Folia, 113. Lines, 5 on a page. Extent, 1,695 crlokas. Character, Bengali.
Date, (?). Appearance, old. Prose. Generally correct.
Beginning. n'!rT~' nT!:IQ. tI~fa~Tfa~nf: ~1ii~Wlliiffa'WR": ~m
i~i.i!fIi3': 'V'Ii<iI'mm'q!ll: ~!Im'{~nmw: ~:i"T{~~qiT

m~'1ili~f~: ~lij)f&t~: 'effa''iIWi llllimqi{ 1f"Ii~fcftrT

-e;r-.;ti f"1iq~i{ ~:tiRIlf~lIT~~m~fORf1JlI~~~
;fTeliiiii'ff1liarrn 1!!Tm~~lIlllriif;r ~~lI~WT"i{ "Ifi~
~TIfi1"! QiQ'~iiiQ' i?fTitI"'a~ &ilmflff' WTitI~lI'1tllT;i IRIN-
"I~l(fllTflnlT;i ;rye1iiifT~~1~ ~~Iii&ti!{(n~~fir ~T
~Tf1' I ~f~ I

End. Wqq ~c:r;q~:

., iliurW VtSlJ1mfi'lfl I VT~ atf~JlTftf-

,fir"T1' lIcctitfif \!I1IE/N.ha .. ,QijijHt:: I

f(fMIlICQn: 11
~~m~ ~ crrti:
1I'iiTll"~1qC4;n~ I
1r.'l1~~~a:r Q'i-
~,iilri ~f.,"~ 11
 ( )

if~TtTlm '11\!r"'t fil1:7TliI'Wl'Ilil .,,: I

'1ifrm\iiT;:r;it.ntj ~: m'fflT 'V'I: 11

.,~ .0000",~fli.fi ~ 1ta~1lfur,.", I

itlllT ,,~trr '1?1~tr I'm ~~"'ntQja-~TliiiftllT 11

fqll?;f: I 1I1iT~;:r;;r)'lJiI'l'IOfiliI' ifT~~ CQ"~T",i{ I

~
( \ ot)'C I 19 I) l1{inil~ifT~~. By ~fm<ti. 6 x I inches. Folia, 98.
Lines, 4 on a page. Extent, 637 ~lokas. Character, Niigara. Date, (?).
Appearance, fresh. Prose and verse. Generally correct.
Beginning. ~ "''IT ifTa-1jflTq I

~t~;;f 'fij:fT ~'iQ';q'~.,""q.

1fa'tF-rnWii~li{;itm1:~fri I

il'q"g'(jQlI(t) ",T~ ?;fli;q'it~lWTmrt

1tCI'~ ~fi iili f~~mftr "'I' ff'~ 11

'!l~f(lqfCf6if I ~'1Tf?liTSfVJ 1ttT~Wllftr;;r1:llJ1II1AI'

... ... ... fir~l!F... ... ... t'gciJl';:rEli~'lmifT mllI-

~~t'l~if VI'I'" V\~-qfurfntT~lIf~ I 'Il Q:

9',qNrnIlT~"f1!r: .~ii5I'~"ftg:
.ocf~",'1fuJ: ~('fllJ: ~qVRI~: I
fa.Q'TUJ"fQJfa-ihrfa'~t '4nIITif~~~:
VI~fl:wfm:I'aI'''fl1lfu: .~f.lr;m1li1lr: 11
'llmitSCf~T'IQ' I '!lit fClfa\49f(!j4IUJliilt~CI ifqy~Tfn
'1;iNu 1lfur~ I "Cl. fliif"~",,'1fHfdliilAl.m
'i!fi~T I

IIfa~ ~"I '!l<i5f~W i''!l~ I

\'!I' I fAit .~ff!TS"" q?lwr1ft {it: ~T~~~ii:r",,~CI.
. 'RrCl1"f1fYl(ij~'Iiomt.~.,;rt.. .. .q,,,: I
 ( )

33f";rT~l!l{a1:~~~fa'1m~ {T~",~ {"'): 3!Tl~~{111'

~Tf~~~ lIfq'li;rT'l~~ iifi~: !ifmi{QT",~iJTeiifi~;rT
~ a~ I tit( 'ij:f~n 1R"'\t:;r~vr"~~: ~'" ~~~iQ'
~'ll'T~H!j(~1t"' ",~fqtlCllfqfff I Ifi!fTf I

End. 'Qlft!tllI I

fCfliJ<r: I lI;rTmTt;rTlff ""T'lftl' 'ijt~~fnn'tJl~"'~t li!'I~mnt

~'1~tf't'Q't g;ft'flftl!J"Clcr~ ~ li{cr;rTgq;~ ;rT'Q'IfilJrTM-

(~~I{ I ~ I ) ( \~a~ I Sf I) ~TSf~'1~VV:. 10 x 1 inches. Folia,

30. Lines, 5 OIl a page. Extent, 600 <;lokas. Character, Newari. Ap-
pearance, old. Prose and verse. Generally correct.
<:
Beginning. ", ;rg: ~=rs:rT'Q' I
1;J~~~H{'Q'q;rrn-Cl;ri"il'l"w ~~Cli;ij a:q~fiifcrlii",'1""lI I

lJJT~mih.1ij~tr-if~~lf.rT;j \?) ~Tm~iT amtll~ ~fu",: ~'l&q1!{ "

iifi{Cl{1;J<[i1mtSl"~ fufqrfffqcr c?t ftrfu'6if'la ii~ I

~';;HT:qi ~Cl;f 'Q'~ ~ ~"'tllT~ ~ui1ftlf'f{ijfir: 11

lSi~Tf~i1llf~:!r~Tf~l:1r.JUflJVt{'aI1t1'~: I
~"f1C1~Cl~~v.qa~~ 'ijq1Utl~qglI 11
"l!ltm~;Cfi[lnJVV1;J~~ri
~T{. ~'fm!l~ mT~~~ I

ll)tflvuf~~g~ 1JV\tr.:fJ
1I'0lll) ~'ll'mCl!iID "' fu!fi;itJifitll: 11

a~rf'l l~ ~TtrQ":j
fu:;;m:l~1;Jgzi- llfu~'~lI I
1!l'lifltl'trnCl'laT fClft#s~ ~,1li"
~1~1l1{O!riififtrfqmJlr: ~: 11 If"lQ'Tf<:,
 ( )

Bnd. 'II'T~ VMiCl. HitS ~?jJifcJlqlqt ~1lRI''lor" l1fifr-t

lJmI1f Nf1imf~ i~ u~ Vt~QfllTr~a~ 'f'ffIC[i

n'Qm.~ ~"r.milIi1lm- d\:rtraf 1

1l1~~;n:~ fir/UJ:
~, tinT Ifilnll'~ ~ 1
~

'II'~~ ftfi ...",,,it fenft ~Q'

r.r~~ cafCf'l' Whr: 11 (?)
( \. ~f{~ I (f I) ~~Tl:lifi{. 10 X 1 inches. Folia, 6. Lines, 6 on It
page. Extent, 12tj ylokas. Character, Newari. Datc (?). Appearancc,
old. Verse. Inf'orrect..
Beginning. ~ if~: -.r~ 1 fCfli!li~ ifll: I
~mnt 1!flrwaii fertmmtiliT~~ I
~crTl{QQitmit~~IfiT~~ 11 (?)
1J"Tma{a~;ri ~;;r~mr lICi'~it 1
lJlUlrl{~f~ 'EiT1fiT;rT ~(llIQ' 11 (?)
'Q'ffTli'lln nm.qcaT ~tr ri~~~~ 1
m~ifiif n'ffT JtcrT ftlh~a~ II? ~iQ'lfcr 1
End. Gi!1W~'"
.., f~'QCR:~~nift
.....
Ilant~ r~ilifr.n~ 1
!Ii*"r~ ~1~arTiQ'
'IITill~ titwr V"~,;: 11 (?)
Colophon. Wfn 1l"iJ'I!I"t-.rT1:11t Qfuq-'~~m -.rm'R~ I
"
~fu ~"Iiir
0..
~IlCi-~~(ij~
...
1

i('Q~~+ + + + + + +I
+ + + + + +~~phitll
~ftim + + + + W{Tfifm f.r:nnrHfn'S!l'll:l4Jd\raif
I!. '"
1iiIT'ff - - -

r""'lf: I fli~1J'I~~ 1

16
 ( )

(\\ ~8 I @ I ) il;rT~:Tiflifm<:r:. By Cfrq~rcr. 12 x 1 inches. Folia, 92.

~ ~ ~

Lincs, :> on a page. Extellt, 1900 !,'lokas. Character Maithila. Date,

Lak~I1la\.Ia Era, 392. Appearance, old. Prose and verse. Generally
correct.
Beginning. ~ OIilT OImQl!JTll I

~OIa'iT1cr1fttmTnlvit,* fCl'CIi'q.ff\!lil'\!I~~-q;.~1;r;q'CI'7!Ii1i I
~~q~qil'tll:U q)fllf~tI"'~ ifalTl(iffitlT\!l'~Ttl~ 'fi~~ 11
'Il:n~"'t.amitft:iI'mntllir: lnqf'lilf"'ttl~if"t
f;ri!rli'tn~~nrnnrnq;rsn't'l~CI': 1
oq!$,f(qi"tf=hH~'fhqfttl\!l'1lTl(mftli.tl~~T
U~fT mf.;rllciw~~fu: 3!iI"'t'l'"! ~nr: ~'l la
'Ill~;qm~'Itl~ fa'lr~ft~"!
cH'tiiJ~ ~T ~ ~%~q;ftliQ"! 11

-@l4T~"ttlf", ~tfeI~w'lq;ftliQ-

'ijlfcraFl nOlm- 'r'tf~.~q: 11

~fflif~T~wtrfufmncifthrrnqfn
fll!nfmlS'lif.i ~';IT1!r~qTfi:rfl:Rn: I
,n;n'l,l fif'1fi lfftlfn ;r{NlfT ;r~trfn
~w~"'toul~~~r.r l~;fl~f",firQf~"'t 11
fcrilf1-Tcr{qfm;r"t~",a'Tf{CIi~f\!l'il"
fa~lfa;rOfT'W'ii ~lm;~~n:rCl'~ 1
qit~lftlit~it mlJrn ~,fcrn;1t

nID ~1!lil'iTOffU~~f;r 1R~~) -atr: 11

1!:IJi ql~lJ1i1''fhn: CfiCf';ry ~ ~T:IlttTll~m ~TiI'Tll 1

f<:tmcfilvfffit'Q'lf'1q'lJ~,",: ~;ftit Gm~1Ii~ lh:~<;f: 11

fil\1T~ lf~~: Wff ifm1Rfil'1~iI'~T~
fafOfW ft~litft~ ~~~'fTi[ 1

1f q ~q-a{a': lftluf\fi;r ~wr.n

9'lJ'i!ffsf~n~ ~ n~~~!Ii; 11
 ( )

~!lr.:ra:,f~i ~"TfttJqT ~tmlTiQ I

'I'!llli{~~llfff: tlftl "~l'fTil'f;uh.i tJif1~ 11

'lg''Q' "Vf'flinr.r I WlQ'Tf~ I

End. 'lg'''=f tiT~m;mrmit";tfu<iiTf~<iim~<iiuq'ttl~'Q'tl~'ffillti1tT

~~nnSlil'~l'q"8mft!rtJ"'n'fTiflr~'q~l~iI"~ tJl~<ii
,"~'Irn~~ I

'I'!ll~tlil'mqm~f"lfl~m- "WT~TiI'fafil'tUllTS'q'lI I

q'IT:ll~lfliijtJf~~tftil'l'IT<ii~T~~ ~1i'l il'TlI 11

Oolophon. yfu 'I"'T'I'WT1mIlTq~~ftrfm.f.;!(ffi ~'fTiff.riq:
~nl': 11 <ff1iii ~ I! ~ ~'lTTlA aft 'I ~ oq~ ftit' 1:I"'R I

(~~~o I ~ I) iNTiff~Jf(n:r~~:. 9x1t inches. F,Jlia, 78.

Lines, 6 on a page. Extent, 1,504 c;lokas. Character Newari. Date,
N ewiir Era, 380. Appearance, old. Verse. Incorrect.

Beginning. - - - - fa"llllitf",~q~ 'lT1Il'f~i'iIl

q: -emTT 'Q'~'Q'liijl'33f'l~ft~ar!{Trnm;ri ~: I

'llfl1N ti 'q'Q'Ti ~~~ - - - - -

~ ""fir 'IT~ ~~afil''ijm'ATfR~tJT: 'ijn'lJ1I 11 ?

3!i)"femm: ri mJlfQJafClEtJd I

~~;ri mTil'T'Q'm~fmm3!l'it 11

- - - - - ~{'1l"'I:lil'iqTfl!ld I
... - -f, "~:o.
oqlFt~T'Q'~eJ lfg o;;ql'U'I ........ 11

1Im
~
~m: wWt ~ il'TifTW- Wtf1I I ~

~fcmTmi ~ - - - - ~ ffiI. 11
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_ .... -+_ .... -

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Appearance, fresh. Verse. Generally correct.
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( '\ Bat~ I) ii~iAtffiOliT 9 x 3 inches. Folia, 34. Lines, 8

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Appearance, fresh. Prose. Incorrect.
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10. Lines, 7 on a page. Extent, 140 ~lokas. Character, Nagara.
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Folia,251 (leaves 100 to 144 and 229 to 248 are missing). Lines, 7 on a
page. Extent, 4,392 910kas. Character, Newari. Date, (?). Appearance,
tolerable. Prose. Incorrect.
 ( )

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( -el.~ I) ~Til~<fiif~~~ (?) 10 x 3 inches. Folia, 5.

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A ppearance, fresh. Verse. Incorrect.

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Folia, 64 ( leaves 1-19, 24-29, and 39-99 are missing). Lines,8 on a page.
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846. Appearance, f1esh. Verse. Generally correct.
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(leaves 1 to 4 are missing). Lines, 8 on a page. Extent, 544 910kae.
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(~'il!.~ I) UiftJlij~lc{cH'i{. 6 x 2~ inches. Folia, n.Lines, 6 on

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ifT1l1fir I ~l,"lflf I A,"f1rt f"~". . r,"rfir ~ I

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.. Ivlerl 4'1, -e~

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~~e I <t1i\1('t~ ..... ( Sf I) ... .....(

~,'C I qTnnft~T"'TiIZI'R1i~ ( l.J I ) Sll
~~i. I crT5f~mm"'U~nf!ltali("'-
~: (fi I) 8e
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~8~ I ~ifi'lil('tllijfaU4i11( (~ I ) e\
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,se I ClI:eClC{'ft lit"iI ... \ .....
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~8f. I fcR;n1i'tcs: ( l.J I ) 'C'C

~'1. I ~"11t4"ct: ( aI) ~

fcti111t4ectu-r: ( 11 I) ... e8
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ifT'i'Tfir I If.... TTTfir I flf!ifTift f1f1l~1I(lfifTWlfif ~ I

it"'~ I fqiil!fTCfa'l ( ~ I ) 1(<=

it'lit I fc{Cfl'{'q;;r: ( a- I ) BI!..

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it....:& I fffiy1f$'fci: ( if I ) itl.

~ ...~ I fqCfl~f~1{ilfCf: (ll I) ... ~o

~'ll. I fcffq~fqllTfq'qT1:'q~l ( '@ I ) 1('1

~I(o I fq:lllifN~T1(: ( n I ) ... ~8

~t(\ I fq aJPI&lf13'fi"t=ftifJ{ ( n I) 'l~

"
~t(~ I ~"': ( ~ I '@' ) ~l., ~o
"
itt(it I fqtcqql1:~'=tf{ ( a- I) ...
~
sf{
~t(8 I fq~TtIJ1{ ( 'ill, if I <w I ) ~1(,~1t

~t('ll fipu'Rfa-mfll: ( ~ I) 'i..~

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~t(.Q I c?Rf1f~: (Cf.ln::<Wl~: ) ~ ....~
~t(~ I ~~e~:(nl) l.~

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~eo I ~i15nfin ( <w I) ~8

it.Q~ I t~<wil'~~: ( ~ I ti I n, \~, \l., B~,

1l1.IWI) ,,~, .e~

~e~ I t tlAf: ( n I ) ~l.

~.e~ I tV(lC9i1'l't INllf{ ( 'ill I ) ... I{\

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it.e'll 1(Cfqfcr: ( ~ I ) .eit
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~"I ~GJU:I4ilf{ ( ~ I ) .eo
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~.\ '" lI8 ( I Jt ) :.PJ1!h~ I ~~.
~ (IAi)(~U\
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& ... ( Ai ) :,PJb1Jsh
:l~l~Bc~lhl.Ia\!,& I.~-

e\ ( I Ai ) :~lB~~~ I )~~

-..'r.\ ... lJIe~Jl& I 1I~.

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l.
.... ~ '}ill ( ]M I ~ ) l:t1'li!l~a~lllfrllJ I .~
cl ... ( I .le ) ltl!lRJY~:l.kllJ I \~
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8l (I a) lta~..~ I .....~a
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sIt):: :t:y.l?)1:tlh 1}i).S
s}i'C :A~&::tU~~~ I -n).8

G'}i ( : Is ) HEt~~-l.'i& I 8).S

'C~c ... ... I :::t.!I:!tJ.lt~~ I S)8

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SS'S'C '=\ ( I 2 I .B i .et ) :.21hl!uy,Q I )" 8

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la
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l!E&JA1&2b. 17.8
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GS ( le.) a!E::tlll:2b. I Goa

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~'fI~ .,. :~&::tl&!Et~ I ~o 11

8G ( I .et ) :~&!Et~ I n08

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G'~ ( I .2 ) :~J~:h!1:tllit I So fi

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'C'C ( I .ll ) H::t~-l~l:tl& I )." 8

e. .l!jl"H=hlb~.PJ !J!l.IHU!!j I J!jl~JJ=..h I .l!jHlIJ!

81
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lA
'Ct ... ( I ~ ) l.l!lllt~.b1?Jra I 'ft 88
8S (I !la) :Ah~ I 888

::1.8 ( I it ) If.lzrilAl1tlillR~ I Q88

"i't ( I a. 'a ) :~nR~ I e88

\8\ ::I. It.lnnA~Ya 1\88
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"i')'C :l.!lel~:trul1t\:& I "i'~ 8
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... :~!m~ I )i~8
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::1.9. 'Q-\ ( I ~ I a ) :1..lE~~ I 8s8

))'C H~~IIt~.!Ul'ta I &~8
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61
 20

il'T1nfir I ~rl(rfir I fifnT'It f1f"~~'CAF':Tfir ~ I

ss~ I vftmg~ (~I) ~~
sel. I vfl:crnl{ ( l' I ) \ It, ~ 'l..

no I mciw.it'WT ( ~ I ) ~l.

S'l..\ I ~~mi{(~ I)
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8'l..8 I fy~fq~'I:: ( l' I~ I) >S~,' >S'l..

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s'i.t{ I VTl:T1lT@'{ ( 'Ofi i ) 8\

8'l..e I 'WTl:Tij~: \~~
 INDEX No. n.
GENERAL IND]1~X.

-+-
1JIff
;mnfir I 'C[1f[lI'Tf... I

\' OfiltihrcfW: ... ... ... ... \~~

~I ~~H: ... ... 'c: .....

~, 'Elf:rrcr ... ... ... ~8~

81 ~ii1U51 ... ~8~

.... , "IPfil'f ... ... ... ... ... ... ~-e~

ttl 1QiI'il'fif@ ... ... 8~, -e~, 'c:

~I ~lf1i@~Cf ... ... ... (e.,

~,~8, ~o, ~

~I Ofil~lI1<fi'{Ulf ... ... ... ... ~ ...

~I "" - - - <!f~ ... ... ... t('I"
\01 ""~~ ... ... '" ~~, e.t(
\\ I ""!i{Cf"'~Cf ... \-e~

\~ 1 Ofil~(i{~i{tll Clt ~f.q<niJ~in'll '" ~~e.

~I
\~ 1 .'(if~~1~1 ... ... ...
... ~ ....
\8 I ""~~~Cf ... ...
... 88
... ... ... ... ...
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~T~ " ... ... ... ... ~f.., \ o~

1:1
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1 'l;;r~il' ... ... ... ... ... ~( .....
 2

il
r.r I
'l'T1l'1 1Al"lr.r I

\~ I l:>iUilq ... ~\'l.

\3'1
~o I ~q'ti1fir ... \" \\9
~\ I ~~<i0fil: ... ... t{~

~~ I '3"~Cfir ... ~\. ,'!, 9'1, 9~, 8~, 'l..

~, I ~~<iVlf
~

... ... IQ"C, \ ~ 8

~8 I ~iiTqfcf ... \~

~I

~ 'l. I !!!lflf ... ... \t(~

~I
~( I ~OiT~i(l~l~ ... ... \, 1Qt(, IQIQ

Cfil
~-9 I ~~i(Tl:' <im~Cf ... t(~
~~ I ~~ilT~ ... "C, \9, ~'l."C

~~ I ~Willqf(f ~\O

~. I ~~~ ... \~8

~\ I I!fi"~~"i'rci'll: ... ~~-&

~~ I ~~m~1iJ ... ~\~

~~ I ~W~q ... \U.

~8 I 'ti~lIlCR ... \8
~'l.1 'ti~1miJ ... ... \\~

~( I afi"fqUf ... ~~
~~ I ~fct~ ... e. t{t(
,"C I T- - - 1(1\1;: \,~
 8

ifT'I'rf1r I flTTTfil' I

~ct 1 ~T1::cnf~oft ... ~ ... 't.

'0 1 CfiTfiff1J~ ~8~, ~88, ~a'l..

&\ 1 ~iiU~~'tI \'l..'

,~ 1 ~T~q \~~

8~ 1 l'tiTmT~ ... ... f{f{

88 1 ~t1n~ ... ~~~

8 ..... 1 l'tiT1l"tifT1l \(-9,lit.~~

et{ I cm~q1Ji't "0 ~'l..

8-8 I m'~f'il'll:~ \1(8

8'C I ~"tf~1J~ ... ... ss
8ct I !i~ .. ... \~~

'l..0 1 ~ ... ... ... \-e\

'l.\ I ~
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... \ct~

....~ 1 i'i'QJJ ~~~

.... ~ 1 elQI~l~ ,\~

tUl lfilQIlHir'1t1Tif ~ .....

......... 1 lfilQIfill!il \\~

....1{ 1 elQJl:Tifm3!l' \ctct

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'l..'C 1 elQITfsri1T'=f ~-9~

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(0 1 't\lQI~U1f \I{ct

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th.1 ~it~ ... ... \!t(
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ifTWTfir I ~11fltir I

t(f( I ~T ... ... \~~

f(e I ~H.nni ... ~'t.~

ifl
f(~ I ~~~ . ... '-\
I ~""Tl{~ ... \elit
f(~

eo I ~TTl{~~~ \8

e\ I ~l:Tf<{1UI \ 'i~. \'l8

...
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..... Sq, ~8
o&~ , ~W"i~

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-ea , ~'t..,~\\
Rlifem :iiJ"{

-e'1.'
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mrr"i~ ... ~O, \ ~l.., \.~~

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tE)~ , mr
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... e~, \ 'l..~, ~,~f(
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;n11'i1ii;' <{T ~ C>
alT'ilii;' ... \~
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I ~1COTTmfi.'filiiJ T Cfllf" iliiJ ~8~, ~B'1.

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m~;rT1l \8-9
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1'0'4 ... kltt~Al&.b~a 1'4))

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~1'4 ... .b~J&s. I 0)\

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~8 ... Jdtt~~a I ~.\
,G- ... ~a I G-O \
,Q)'lIa)'ea) ... 1r:.f&e.
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Qe\'~a\'~a .tn.ll:!.nBr~a
..... 1'10\
~

I.
~s.'4 .I::tlIa.l!.B. 180\
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... 1I

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1'40\
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8'l1'c '~G-) ... ... ... l?J.b~~lt
~~lt I 00\
a"i'\ :k~~2J~ I "i'"i'
"i'e~ ... h21t1t~~JtJt I ~1'

8~'4'a"i'\'~~\'~\'G-\ ~RJtlt I G-"i'

'48~ ... lr.~ttlt I ,1'
=-~) ... ... lQl:!.!ettl t I 11'
G-o\ ... ... ~lt In
It\'4 ... ... 21:tl1iPJ1~ I &1'
1''4 ... ::di~::tllt 1'41'
8~ '11\ ... ... ... l'!Ullt I )1'
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... ... ~.I:!.J&l&!t I 01'
I JeJl:l..I~.b I ~l.lll.ll

9
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IJT1IIf.\' I q;rlTTfIr I

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\\~ I fir'tttnClif ... .,' \tt'l...
\\-& 1 fq~ ... ... ... ~8~

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sri
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\~O 1 ~m~~ 8\, \o-&,\ott,\tt~,~'I...~,~<~,~~~

\~\ 1 5fm(~.-m: .,. ... .. . ~o~

\~~ I sr~:i{~ ... \'I.)~-&

\~~.I 5flliJT'fl ~~8'

\~8 1 5f~lln: ... ... ... ... ... ~\

\~'l...1 liiI~I1{'ttif ... ... ~\~

\ '<.~ I 5fifCfi'~if~ ... \~

\,-& 1 liiIlr ... \\~

\,~ I liiIlr )( )( )( ... ~~

\'l. 1 srCl"ci'tf-hUi( ... \o~

\~Ol arCl"5'I"tO) iI tiI ... ... ,~, ~t(, \.e

\~\ 1 liiICI""""lsstil fct~lir ... \t(,\O~

\~, 1 liiIlrf5fcnfil"~q ~'I., ''l...l.

\~~ 1 5f~)f({q ~~,~ ..
\ft8 1 srcra ... ... 8~, 88

\~'l...1 5ffffdf1lq ... ... ~\

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\~e I 5flf~Cf ... ... ... \'1...8

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'l'NTf.,. I lf1Jil'Tr.r I
\8 0 I 5ri nmllifIiT ... ~c

\8\ I 5f1f.rtJ{~ \~8

\8~ I 5{1N?1~~" ~8(

\8, I
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\88 I 8I1fn5f~q \9\
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\8~ I Sf1f~ ~~
\8\9 I lJflff~(HT5jJ{ij ,~,\\.t

\8~ I Sf1fTif~~q ... \9~

\Blt I 5f1fTSf " + + + ~

\~O I Sf1fl~if
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\ 1JJ, I 5f1f~if~" ~\,\~\

\'l~ I
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\1J.~ I ~ ...... \\9\
\ 'l9 I ~ ... ~8C

\ 'l'l1 fimf~ ... ... \1J,..

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\'1-& I fSrau ... ... ... ... ... \O~

\'1c I
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5f1tf~~"t ... ... ... ... ~o(,

.
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\t(~ I 6QTfcrt'\:~ ... tt.

ZI
\tt' I ~f1I'" rlf~,{ ... ... ...
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~I
Imnfir I q~l'ffrfir I

\I(~ I ~",l: ... ... ... ~9~

01
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\ t{,;: I ~~ll:T5f ~8~

\I{~ I ~<i'! \U
\~. I f'!{~n'fJI ... ... ... it~

\IS\ I moftl.li( ~o.

\-e~ I f=r1;Iqilfuft \1S't.,

\oS~~ f-=r~qif'lf(~ ... ... \-9\

\ El8 I f~fqSfi1{ ... ... ... ... \'1.8
\oS'!.l f=r~"'~i( ... ... \ 'lit
\oSt( I ~~Iftl~" ... ... ... \0';:

\ oS-9 I ~~m'q~1{~ ... ... ... ~ .

\ -El';: I ~~ ~~~

\et. I ~~
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\~\ I ~'{;j''f ... ... ... ... V .....

\~I rotf({8[1f ... ... \'U
\~it I m-t~ ... ... ... ... .. . \~.....
\~8 I ~l:~q'i( ...
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\'Cl I ~q'l; ... ... ... ... ... .. . \'1..\

\~t( I ~
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\l.o I ~ ... ... \~~

\l.\ I ... ...

~C(Ullll' ... ... \8
\l.~ I ~i!(QjOl:4tif ... ... ~~\
\l' I ~C(fq ... ... \~l.
\l.8 I ~c(TRiV ...
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\U... I ~q"'i(l!c~ ... '4.,.

\l.t( I ~~ ... ... ... \e~

\l.e I JiCQ~I" ... ... ~I~

\t.~ I iiT~ ... ... ... ... es, \,e

1f1
\t.l. I lR1J1f ... ... ... ... ... \~t.

~oo lHlII~ ... ... \~l.

~O\ I 1:1i'Cfon~ ... ... ... ... ~o

~o~ I ~"flr ... (0

~o~ I l{1\Jijlf ... ... 'SI(, ~se
~oS I 1:1"'~ \~8

~'-I ~~ ... ... (8

,.t( I ~~(f ... ... ... \~\

~oe I 1:1TU ... ... ~\"'4.,.

~.~ I 'it1:1Of ... ... ... \~t(

'0(, I l;l~"( ... ... t({

~\O I ~~ ... ... ... ... ~,

~\\ I 1:1~'8~ ... ... 1(1(

ill
.~\~ I .rnllll: ... ... \0', .. o~, \'l.
R\~ I lf~iJ.ftt ... ... ~\\
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