Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Ambedkar
(14th April 1891 - 6th December 1956)
Edited
by
Vasant Moon
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar : Writings and Speeches
Vol. 16
Secretary
Education Department
Government of Maharashtra
Publisher:
Dr. Ambedkar Foundation
Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India
15, Janpath, New Delhi - 110 001
Phone : 011-23357625, 23320571, 23320589
Fax : 011-23320582
Website : www.ambedkarfoundation.nic.in
Printer
M/s. Tan Prints India Pvt. Ltd., N. H. 10, Village-Rohad, Distt. Jhajjar, Haryana
Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment
& Chairperson, Dr. Ambedkar Foundation
Kumari Selja
MESSAGE
Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the Chief Architect of Indian Constitution was
a scholar par excellence, a philosopher, a visionary, an emancipator and a true
nationalist. He led a number of social movements to secure human rights to the
oppressed and depressed sections of the society. He stands as a symbol of struggle
for social justice.
The Government of Maharashtra has done a highly commendable work of
publication of volumes of unpublished works of Dr. Ambedkar, which have brought
out his ideology and philosophy before the Nation and the world.
In pursuance of the recommendations of the Centenary Celebrations Committee
of Dr. Ambedkar, constituted under the chairmanship of the then Prime Minister
of India, the Dr. Ambedkar Foundation (DAF) was set up for implementation of
different schemes, projects and activities for furthering the ideology and message
of Dr. Ambedkar among the masses in India as well as abroad.
The DAF took up the work of translation and publication of the Collected Works
of Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar published by the Government of Maharashtra
in English and Marathi into Hindi and other regional languages. I am extremely
thankful to the Government of Maharashtras consent for bringing out the works
of Dr. Ambedkar in English also by the Dr. Ambedkar Foundation.
Dr. Ambedkars writings are as relevant today as were at the time when these
were penned. He firmly believed that our political democracy must stand on the
base of social democracy which means a way of life which recognizes liberty,
equality and fraternity as the principles of life. He emphasized on measuring the
progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved.
According to him if we want to maintain democracy not merely in form, but also
in fact, we must hold fast to constitutional methods of achieving our social and
economic objectives. He advocated that in our political, social and economic life,
we must have the principle of one man, one vote, one value.
There is a great deal that we can learn from Dr. Ambedkars ideology and
philosophy which would be beneficial to our Nation building endeavor. I am glad
that the DAF is taking steps to spread Dr. Ambedkars ideology and philosophy
to an even wider readership.
I would be grateful for any suggestions on publication of works of Babasaheb
Dr. Ambedkar.
(Kumari Selja)
Collected Works of Babasaheb Dr. Ambedkar (CWBA)
Editorial Board
Kumari Selja
Minister for Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India
and
Chairperson, Dr. Ambedkar Foundation
Date : 20/8/1997
MAHARASHTRA
PREFACE
The present volume of the Speeches and Writings of Bharat
Ratna Dr. B.R. Ambedkar contains his Dictionary of the Pali
language and Pali Grammar. The Dictionary and Grammar are
certainly valuable aids to the speeches. Pali was indeed the lingua
franca of the Buddhist India. It has close affinity to Marathi. As
such, the study of Pali has much relevance to the contemporary
Marathi. In compiling the Dictionary of Pali language and its
Grammar, Dr. Ambedkar had in mind the project of promoting the
study of the Buddhist India which is part of the ancient Hindu
culture. As is well-known, Buddha is the 10th incarnation of God.
This dictionary is a testimony and a tribute to the mind of
Dr. Ambedkar that was deeply rooted in the Indian soil.
MANOHAR JOSHI
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FOREWORD
(DATTA RANE)
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EDITORIAL
The present volume of the writings and speeches of
Dr. Ambedkar contains his compilation of the Pali grammar and
Pali dictionary. Dr. Ambedkar had profound fascination for
Buddha and his teachings. The origin and the growth of Buddhist
thought is a memorable chapter in Indian history. Buddhist
texts are in Sanskrit and Pali. It was therefore the effort of
Dr. Ambedkar to make this literature accessible to Indians in
general and to admirers of Buddhism in particular.
Compiliation of a dictionary of words and phrases of a
language, no longer a spoken language, is an enterprise fraught
with difficulties. Dr. Ambedkar was past 50 when he started
the compilation of the Dictionary. It was an effort comparable
to the effort of Dr. Samuel Johnson who attempted his dictionary
of English language in 1755. Dr. Johnson had compiled the
dictionary on the threshold of becoming the world language.
Pali, though the lingua franca of the Buddhist world, is a dead
language. In support of a living language, authority for correct
sense and words, is always at our elbow, in the chat of our
domestics or in the converse of the passengers at our street door,
in colleges of learned and in stables of menials; in lanes of a city
and in remote hamlets. Therefore phrases and idoms of people
are easily available. That is not the case in respect
of a dead language which has many pitfalls. Words and phrases
of a dead language, are exercises in reconstruction of history,
they are passages to times past and pathways to the sociology
and culture of the ages gone by. The Dictionary of the Pali
language taken up by Dr. Ambedkar for compilation when he
was past 50, shows his indomitable spirit to look into the past,
in order to know the present and to see the light for the future.
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(Vasant Moon)
Editor
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
Source Material Publication
Committee
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Vol. 16
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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BOOK I
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PALI-ENGLISH DICTIONARY
A
v % Until, as far as, with, Prefix
vCcea % One of the high numerals, (voZ)
vceq[kks % Foul-mouthed, scurrilous (vc $ eq[k)
vcks % Not bound, unmeaning, senseless (v $ c cU/)
vkcks % Fastened: joined; united, attached (vk $ c $ cU/)
vkckf/dks % Affected with illness (vk $ ck/k $ bdks)
vkck/ks % Illness, sickness, disease
vkcT>gfr % To be bound, fettered, held fast
vcya % Weakness (v $ cy)
vcyks % Weak
vCcgfr % To take away, to remove
vCc.kks % Unwounded (v $ cz.k)
vCcfr % To go (vcZ~)
vCHkkfpD[kfr % To accuse, to slander, to calumniate (vfHk $ vk $ [;k)
vCHkkxeua % Approaching, going to, visiting (vH;kxeu)
vCHkda % Talc (vHkzda)
vCHkD[kkua % Accusation, slander, calumny
vCHkkoqQfVdks % (adj) Unflowning, genial (v $ HkzoqQfV $ d)
vCHka vCHkks % Cloud, sky, air (vHkz)
vCHkkua % Rehabilitation of a priest who has undergone ifjokl or penance
for an expicable offence (vfHk $ vk;u)
vCHktu % Anointing (vfHk $ vtu)
vCHkUrja % Interval, interior, certain measure (vkH;Urj)
vCHkUrjks % Internal, inner
vCHkuqeksnua % Rejoicing, thanksgiving, praise
vHkklks % Repetition, practice, repudiation (vH;kl)
vCHkRFk % Setting, declining, perishing (vfHk $ vLr)
vCHksfr % To restore a priest who has been degraded for an offence
vCHkksdkfldks % Living in the open air, unsheltered place
vCHkksfd..ka % Covering, bedecking
D:\AMBEDKAR-13\PALIDIC-13\AMB-01 MK D.S. 4-9-2013 S.K.09-12-1213 2
vfHkfuD[keks % Going out; retiring from the world to devote oneself to ascetic
life(vfHk $ fu"de)
vfHkfuyh;fr % To hide oneself, to lie, hide (vfHk $ fu $ yh)
vfHkuhyks % Very black (vfHk $ uhy)
vfHkfuearfs r % To invite; to present with (vfHk $ fu $ eU=k~)
vfHkfuEek.k % Creating
vfHkfufEe.kkfr] % To create, to cause to appear by supernatural
vfHkfuEefr powers (vfHk $ ful~ $ ek)
vfHkfuUukesfr % To turn, to direct (vfHk $ ful~ $ ue~)
vfHkfuiTtfr % To lie down (vfHk $ fu $ in~)
vfHkfuIiQknsfr % To effect, to accomplish, to succeed (vfHk $ ful~ $ in~)
vfHkfulhnfr % To sit down (vfHk $ fu $ ln~)
vfHkfuoslks % Adhering to; inclination to (vfHk $ fuos'k)
vfHkfufolfr % To settle down; to devote oneself to (vfHk $ fu $ fo'k~)
vfHkkk % Higher knowledge, transcendent or supernatural knowledge or
faculty (vfHkKk)
vfHkkk; % Having known, become cognisant of (vfHkKk; Kk)
vfHkkdks % Not schismatic, orthodox (v $ fHkUu fHkn $ d)
vfHkkku % Sign, token (vfHkKku)
vfHkkkrks % Known, well-known, distinguished, remarkable (vfHk $ Kkr
Kk)
vfHktkukfr % To know by experience to, to know fully or throughly, to
recognise, know of
vfHkksI;ks % That ought to be known or that can be known (vfHk $ Ks; Kk)
vfHkUuks % Undivided; not different; identical (v $ fHkUu fHkn~)
vfHkkks % Knowing or conversant with (vfHkK)
vfHkiRFksfr % To desire, to long for, to pray for (vfHk $ iz $ vFkZ)
vfHkihfyrks % Oppressed, afflicted (vfHk $ ihfMr ihM~)
vfHkiwtfs r % To offer, to present with (vfHk $ iwt)
vfHkjk/sfr % To content, to satisfy (vfHk $ jk/;fr jk/~)
vfHkjktk % A supreme king (vfHk $ jktu~)
vfHkjefr % To delight in (vfHk $ je~)
vfHkjEeks % Delightful (vfHk $ jE; je~)
vfHkjkeks % Delightful (vfHkjke)
vfHkjfr % Delighting in, delight (vfHkjfr)
D:\AMBEDKAR-13\PALIDIC-13\AMB-01 MK D.S. 4-9-2013 S.K.09-12-1213 6
vylks % Idle
vykr % A firebrand (vykr)
vykdks % Lac, a red animal dye (vyDrd)
vyk % See yHkfr
vkyokyd % A basin or trench round a tree to retain water (vkyoky + d)
vkGoh % Name of a city in India (vkVoh)
vkGfodks % Dwelling in forests (vkVfod)
vky;ks % Dwelling house, abode: longing, desire, attachment, lust(vky;)
vkys[kks % A drawing, painting, picture (vk + ys[k)
vkydks] da % A certain measure of capacity: the stake or port to which an
elephant is tied (vk<d~)
vfy % A bee (vfy)
vkfy % A womans female friend: a line: a like, an embankment (vfy)
vkfy % A scorpion (vkfy)
vkfy[kfr % To draw, delineate (vk + fy[k)
vfydks % Disagreeable, unpleasent: untrue, false (vfyd)
vkfyEikisfr % To cause to be anointed (vk + fyi~)
vkfyUnks % A terrace or verandah outside a house (vkfy)
vkfyu % To embrace (vkfyu)
vkfyfr % To embrace: to enfold (vk + fy)
vkfyks % A small drum (vkfy)
vyhuks % Free from attachment or desire (v + yhu = yh)
vkiks % Speaking to, talking to (vkyki)
vhuks % Attached, adhering (vk + yhu = yh)
vf;fr % To be attached, to adhere, to be bent upon (vk + yh;rs = yh)
vks % Wet, moist
vyksHkks % Absence of covetousness or desire (v + yksHk)
vkyksdu % Seeing, looking (vkyksdu)
vkyksdlfU/ % A window (vkyksd + lfU/)
vkyksfdr % Looking at, regarding, seeing (vkyksfdr = yksd~)
D:\AMBEDKAR-13\PALIDIC-13\AMB-01 MK D.S. 4-9-2013 S.K.09-12-1213 26
(vatfy)
vku % A collyrium applied to the eye-lashes to darken them (vatu~)
vtl % A road, straight (vatlk)
vkfr % To anoint, to smear (vat~)
vfrks % Marked: adorned, furnished, supplied with (vad~)
vks % A mark: the flank or side (vad)
vyks % The plant Alanginm Hexapetalum (vadksy)
vjks % A shoot or sprout (vadqj)
vlks % A hook to guide an elephant with (vad'q k)
vaD;ks % A sort of tambourine (vadk)
vkk % A mother
vkk % Knowledge: perfect knowledge (vkKk)
vknk % At another time (vU;nk)
vknRFkq % Surely: certainly, truely (vU;n~ $ vLrq)
vkkfnlks % Different (vU;kn`'k~)
vUua % Food: boiled rice (vUu)
vkek % Mutually; towards each other
vkekks % Each other; one another (vU; $ vU; vU;ksU;)
vkk.k % Ignorance (v $ Kku)
vklRFkqslks % Adopting another teacher (vU; $ 'kkLr` $ ms'k)
vkkfl % See vktkukfr
vkkrCcks % That ought to be known or learnt (vk $ KkrO; Kk)
vkkrdks % Unknown; unrecognizable (v $ Kkr Kk $ d)
vkkrdks % Not related, not a decision (v $ tu~)
vkreks % One of several, a certain (vU;re)
vkrjks % One, a certain some: some other: another (vU;rj)
vkkroslok % In disguise (vKkr $ os'k $ oUr~)
vkFkk % In different way: otherwise (vU;Fkk)
vkFkkk % Differently
vkkfr % Not a relative (vKkfr)
vkkrks % Unknown; unrecognized; in disguise (v $ Kkr Kk)
vkkrks % Not related; not a kinsman (v $ tu~)
vk=k % Without; except; besides (vU;=k)
vkRFk % Elsewhere (vU;=k)
vkokndks % Talking indecent (vU; $ okn $ d)
D:\AMBEDKAR-13\PALIDIC-13\AMB-01 MK D.S. 4-9-2013 S.K.09-12-1213 35
vIiek.kks % (v $ izek.k)
Unlimited: boundless: infinite: innumerable
vIiekfjlks % The plant amaranthus polygamus (vYi $ ekfj"k)
vIiekdks % Little, slight, trifling (vYi $ ek=k $ d)
vIiekks % Little, slight, moderate (vYi $ ek=k)
vIiekks % Vigilant, careful, thoughtful, heedful, earnest, zealous, strenu-
ous, diligent, quick, active(v $ izek $ en~)
vIies;ks % Unlimited, boundless, innumerable (vizes; ek)
vIiuk % Thought, reasoning, resolve (viZ.k)
vIik.kh % Inanimate (v $ izkf.ku~)
vIif.kfgrks % Free from longing or desire (v $ izf.kfgr /k)
vIilks % Free from noise, quiet: making little noise (vYi $ 'kCn~)
vIilknks % Dissatisfaction (v $ izlkn)
vIilUuks % Dissatisfied, discontented (v $ izlUu ln~)
vIilRFkks % Bad, inferior (v $ iz'kLr 'kal~)
vIilRFkks % With a small caravan, having few attendants (vYi $ lkFkZ)
vIiLlknks % Insipid (vYi $ Lokn~)
vIiLlqrks % Having learnt little, possessing small knowledge, unlearned,
ignorant (vYi $ Jqr Jq)
vIikrks % Light ailment, freedom from bodily suffering or fatigue (vYi $
vkr )
vIirjks % Fewer, less (vYi $ rj)
vIi eks % Not first (v $ izFke)
vIifVckfg;ks % Not to put away or averted (v $ izfrHk;~)
vIifVgrks % Meeting with no obstacle or unopposed (v $ izfr $ gr gu~)
vIifr:iks % Unsuitable, improper (v $ izfr:i)
vIifVlaosnuks % Inaccession to sensation (v $ izfr $ laosnu)
vIifVlfU/dks % That cannot be remitted (v $ izfr $ lfU/ $ l)
vIifrLl % Disobedient, rebellious (v $ izfr $ Jq)
vIifrrks % Dissatisfied: angry (v $ izrhr $ b)
vIikks % Not obtained: not having arrived (v $ izkIr vki~)
vIiokfjuks % Uninvited (v $ iz $ okfjr $ o`)
vIik;qdks] % Short-lived (vYi $ vk;q $ d)
vIisdPps % Some
vIislD[kks % Having little power or majesty (vYi $ bZ'k $ vk[;k)
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B
cCctks % A sort of coarse grass (oYot)
cCcq % A mungoose (cHkzq)
cnjk % Cotton (cnjk)
cnjh % The jujube tree (cnjh)
cnjks % The jujube fruit (cnj)
ca % A leather thong or strap (o/Z)
cks % Bound; fixed: continuous: acquired: contracted (c cU/~)
ck/k % Annoyance, refutation; affliction (ck/k)
ck/fr % To obstruct; to annoy; to afflict; to oppress (ck/~)
cf/jks % Deaf (cf/j)
ckgk % The arm (ckgk)
cgkyrks % In thickness (cgy $ rl~)
cgkyks % Thick (cgy)
ckgfr&ckgsfr % To remove, to put away, to reject (okg)
cfg $ cg % Outward, outside (cfgl~)
cfgka % Outside (cfgl~ $ /k)
ckfgjk % From outside (ckgr~)
ckfgjdks % External, foreign, heretical (ckgd)
ckfgjrks % From outside (ckgrl~)
ckfgjs % Outside, externally (ckg)
ckfgrks % See ckgfr
cgq % Much; many : large : ample (cgq)
ckgq % Arm (ckgq)
cgqCchfg % Equivalent of cgqczhfg
cgqHkk.kh % Garrulous (cgq $ Hkk.k $ bu~)
cgqHkkf.krk % Garrulousness
cgqHkkoks % Quality, multiplicity (cgq
$ Hkko)
cgqHksnks % Multiform, various (cgq $ Hksn)
cgqndks % Holding much water (cgq $ mnd)
cgq/k % In many ways (cgq/k)
cgqtkxjks % Keeping many vigils, very watchful (cgq $ tkxj)
cgqtuks % Most people, the multitude, the world, mass of people, crowd
(cgq $ tu)
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C
p (conj) % And, but, even (p)
pPpja % A square, where four roads meet; a courtyard (pRoj)
pkxd % Generous, liberal (R;kx $ oUr~)
pkxh % Giving away, liberal (R;kfxr~)
pkxks % Abondoning, forsaking, resigning, giving away, self sacrifice,
liberality (R;kx)
ptfr % To abandon, to resign, to give up, sacrifice (R;t~)
ptua % Being abandoned, or given away
pdyD[k.ka % The figure of a wheel under the foot of a Buddha (p $ y{k.k)
pda % A wheel: a potters wheel: a circle: discuss: an army, a multitude:
a body of religious doctrine: a region, tract circuit: happy state,
good fortune (p)
pdiknks % A cast, carriage (p $ ikn)
pdikf.k % Vishnu (p $ ikf.k)
pdjrua % The magic wheel of a cakkavatti moarch, which rolls before him,
when he makes his royal tour (pjRu)
pdokdks % The ruddy goose, annas casarca (pokd)
pdokGa] ya % A world, a sphere (pokV or poky)
pdokGiCcrks % The lofty wall of mountains, encircling the cakkavala, forming
the worlds limit (pokV $ iCcr)
pdokh % A universal monarch (poru~)
pdOgks % The ruddy goose, annas casarca (p $ vkg~ok)
pD[kk;ru $ % The organ of the eye, the sense of the sight (p{kql~ $ vk;ru)
pD[kok;rua
pD[kq $ pD[kqa % The eye: insight, perception, supernatural insight or knowledge
(p{kql~)
pD[kqek % Having eyes or sight, seeing, having supernatural insight or
wisdom (p{kq"eUr~)
pD[kqfUnz;a % The organ of the eye, the faculty of sight, the vision (p{kql~ $
bafnz;~)
pD[kqiFkks % Range or reach of vision (p{kql~ $ iFk)
pD[kqfok~kkua % The faculty of vision: eye-consciousness (p{kql~ $ foKku)
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D
nCca % Object, thing; material, substance; a fit object; wealth, property;
fuel (nzO;)
nCHkks % Kusa grass (nHkZ)
nCch % A spoon (nohZ)
nkCch % Name of a plant (nkohZ)
nnkfr] nsfr] % To give, to grant, to give up; to allow (nk)
nnfr
nkfr % To blaze, to shine brilliantly (tkToY;fr Toy~)
njh] njhdks % A sort of drum (comp nnZj ) (nnZfjd)
njks % Name of a mountain (nnZj)
nks % Burned, scorched, consumed (nG/ $ ng)
nq % A kind of entaneous erruption (n)
nqjks % A frog (nnqZj)
n/kfr] ngfr % To put, to hold, to bear (/k)
nf/ % Milk curds (nf/)
nnks % Giving (nn~)
nkgdks % Setting on fire (nkgd)
ngua % Consuming by fire, burning (ngu)
nguks % Fire (ngu)
ngjks % Young (ngj)
nkgfr % To burn; to consume by fire; to torment (ng~)
ngks % A lakh (nzg)
nkgks] Mkgks % Burning, conflagration; suffering, torment, grief (nkg)
<Ttk % See nnkfr
nTtfr % To give
nda % Water (nd)
nD[krk % Skill (n{krk)
nD[kfr % See Passati
nfD[k.kk % A gift or present to a Buddhist monk: an offering to a peta
(nf{k.kk)
nfD[k.kfXx % One sort of sacred fire, that which is taken from the domestic
fire and placed to the south (nf{k.k $ vfXu)
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E
,/fr % To prosper, to increase (,/)
,/ks % Fire-wood (,/)
,nh % Such (bne~ $ n`'k~)
,fnD[kks] ,fjD[kks % Such (bne~ $ o`{k)
,fnlks] ,fnldks % Such (bne~ $ n`'k~)
,fgifLldks % Inviting
,fglkxroknh % One who says to come and to be-welcomed ( ehi $ Lokxr $ xe~
$ okfnu~)
,fglh] ,fgfr % See ,fr
,tk % Desire, lust, craving, distraction, motion (,t)
,dkcks % Contiguous; continuous (,d $ vkc $ cU/~)
,dHkka % One meal a day (,d $ HkDr)
,dHkfkdks % Having one meal a day (,d $ HkDr $ bd)
,dpfj;k % Walking alone, solitary (,d $ p;kZ)
,dkpfj;ks % Having the same teacher (,d $ vkpk;Z)
,dpjks % Walking alone, solitary (,d $ pj)
,dPNUnks % Unanimous (,d $ PNUn~)
,dPNka % A single, dominion (,d $ N=k)
,dPpks % One or a certain (,drj)
,dfpkks % Having the same thought, of one mind (,d $ fpk)
,dphojks % Wearing a single garment (,d $ phoj)
,dnk % One day, once: on the same day (,dnk)
,dknl % Eleven (,dkn'ku~)
,dknleks % Eleventh (,dkn'ke~)
,dnlh % Eleventh day of the half month (,dkn'kh)
,dnslks % A part, a portion (,d $ ns'k~)
,d/k % In one way (,d/k)
,d/hfrdk % An only daughter (,d $ nqfgr` $ dk)
,dfnola % One day, on a certain day (,d $ fnol)
,dkxkfjdks % A thief, a robber (,dkxkfjd)
,dXxrk % Tranquillity of the mind, abstraction of the mind, contempla-
tion (,dkxz $ rk)
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G
xCHkja % A cavern (xgwj)
xCHkkl;ks % The womb (xHkZ $ vk'k;)
xCHkkls;k % The womb (xHkZ $ 'k;k)
xCHkkodfUr % Entrance of the embreyo into the womb, commencement of
pregnancy (xHkZ $ vokfUr)
xfCHk.kh % A pregnant woman (xHk.kh)
xCHkks % The womb: interior: an embreyo: a foetus: a sprout: an inner
room, a closet, a private sitting room, a bed room, : the early
stage of a flower (xHkZ)
xCHkqIifk % Conception (xHkZ $ nRifk)
xfCcrks % Proud (xor)
xCcks % Pride (xoZ)
xHkhjks] xEHkhjks % Deep (xHkhj)
xPNkisfr % To cause to go; to send
xPNfr % To go; to go to; proceed: to depart (xe~)
xPNks % A shurb, a plant (xPN)
xnk % A club (xnk)
xnfr % To speak (xn)
xHk.Mks % The tree, the spesia, Populneoides (xnZHkk.M)
xks % A vulture (x`/)
z
xk/fr % To stand fast; to have a firm footing (xk/~)
xf/rks % Clinging to, desiring (x/~)
xfnrks % Spoken; said (xfnr xn~)
xnks % Disease (xn)
xHkks % An ass (xnzHk)
xxua % The sky (xxu)
xXxjh % A churn: a blacksmiths bellows (xxZj comp.)
xkgdks % Taking, receiving, holding (xzkgd)
xga] xgks % A house (x`g)
xgua % See xguks
xg.ka % Taking, receiving, holding, grasping, seizing; acquiring, learn-
ing, mastering, comprehension; clinging to the world, attach-
ment, desire; an eclipse (xzg.k)
xg.kh % The belly, the internal fire promoting digestion (xzg.kh)
D:\AMBEDKAR-13\PALIDIC-13\AMB-04 MK D.S. 4-10-2013 S.K.09-12-2013 123
xksidks % One who guards or takes care of, guardian, watchman (cans
from xqi)
~
xksikulh % The A shaped rafters of the roof of a hut (xksikulh)
xksifr % A bull (xks $ ifr)
xksifr] xksi;fr] % To guard, to keep, to protect (xqi~)
xksisfr] xksik;fr %
xksih % A cowherd, a herdsman (xksi)
xksIiQdks % The ankle (xqYiQ $ d)
xksIiQks % The ankle (xqYiQ)
xksiqja % The towers or battlements over the gates of a fortified town; a
watch tower (xks $ iqj)
xksiqjV ks % Standing on the battlements (xksiqj $ LFk)
xksjD[kk % Cow-keeping (xks $ j{kk)
xksjD[kks % A cowherd (xks $ j{k)
xksjlks % Produce of the cow (xks $ jl)
xksjks % White (xkSj)
xkslkyk % Cow-stable (xks $ 'kkyk)
xkslkfedks % A cattle-owner (xks $ Lokfeu~ $ d)
xksl;ks % A cowherd (xks $ la[;)
xkslhla % A kind of sandlewood (xks $ 'kh"kZ)
xksreks % Descended from or belonging to Gotama, a Gautama or Gotamid
(xkSre)
xks=kHkw % One who is in a fit state to receive sanctification, a priest (xks=k
$ Hkw)
xkska % Family, lineage, family name (xks=k)
xksV a % A cattle shade, a cow stable (xks"B)
xksfoUnks % A cattle owner: a head herdsman (xksfoUn or xksiUs nz)
xks;wFka % A herd of cattle (xks $ ;wFk)
xw % See (xks)
xqna % The anus (xqn)
xqXxqyq % A fragrant gum (xqXxqy) q
xqgk % A cave: the heart (xqgk)
xqgkl;ks % Whose seat is the heart (xqg $ 'k;)
xqgsfr % To conceal (xwg;fr cans. xqg)
xqyk % A pock, or a pimple (xqyk)
D:\AMBEDKAR-13\PALIDIC-13\AMB-04 MK D.S. 4-10-2013 S.K.09-12-2013 132
H
g % An emphatic particle, the sanskrit, g, sometimes used after Iti
gk % Ah! Oh! alas! (gk)
n;ksx % Going to the heart, vital(n; $ x)
n;kyq % Good hearted, kind, the beat (n;kyq)
n;a % The heart, the mind, the breast (n;)
n;eks % Going to the heart, touching, affectionate, touching, kind
(n;axe~)
n;rks % Learn by heart (n;e~ $ xr xe~)
gnf; % Benevolent, kind (nf;u~)
gTtks % Beloved, dear, pleasant (/)
gykgyks % A sort of poison (gykgy)
gya % This is another form of alam (vya)
gya % A plough (gy)
gfyk % Turmeric (gfjnzk)
gfykHkks % Yellow (gfjnz $ vkHkk)
gEHkks % Here! Sirrho! (gagks)
gfEe;a % A house (gE;Z)
gafl;fr % To bristle (from "k~ )
galks % A goose, a swan (gal)
gkua % Relinquishing, falling away from (gku)
guua % Killing, destroying: removing (guu)
gukisfr % To cause to be killed (caus. gu)
gufr % To smile, to kill (gfUr)
gUr % Come! alas! (gUr)
gusfr % To cause to be killed (caus. gu )
gkfu % Loss, deterioration, decay, abandonment
gkfr % See gufr
gUrk % One who strikes or kills (gUr`)
gfUr % To strike, to beat: to kill, to murder; to destroy, to put an end to:
to remove(gu~)
guq % The jaw (guq)
D:\AMBEDKAR-13\PALIDIC-13\AMB-04 MK D.S. 4-10-2013 S.K.09-12-2013 134
I
bCHkks % Wealthy (bH;)
bHkks % An elephant (bHk)
bPp % See bfr
bPNk % Wish, desire, covetousness, ambition (bPNk $ pkj)
bPNkisfr % To cause, to desire
bPNfr % To wish, to desire; to approve, to like, to endeavour to obtain, to
seek (bPNfr b"k~)
bfPNrks % Wished, desired (bZfIlr)
bn % See b/
bna % This (bne~)
bna % Here, now, even (bne~)
bnkfu % Now (bnkuhe~)
bnIiPp;k % From an assignable cause, from an ascertained cause (bne~ $
abl. izR;;)
bnka % These three (bne~ $ =k;)
bf % Prosperity, power, majesty; supernatural power, magical power,
miraculous faculty; a miracle (f)
bfek % Possessed of supernatural power (feUr~)
bfe;ks % Created or made to appear by supernatural powers (f $
e;)
bfiknks % Constituent or basis of magic power (f $ ikn)
bfIiHksnks % The different sorts of magic power (bf $ izHksn)
bfIikks % Possessed of miraculous power (f $ izkIr vki~)
bffo/k % The various sorts of Iddhis
bffol;ks % Range of power, extent of Iddhi (f $ fo"k;)
b/k % Here, hither, in this world (bg)
b/kxrka % Fact of having come (bg $ vkxr xe~ $ Ro)
b/yksdks % This state of existence, this world (bg $ yksd)
b/qea % Firewood (be)
bZnh % Like this, such (bn`'k~)
bZfnD[kks % Such (bZn`{k)
bZfnldks % Like this, such (bZn`'k $ d)
bfnlks] bZfnlks % Like this, such, of such a sort, so great (bZn`'k~)
D:\AMBEDKAR-13\PALIDIC-13\AMB-04 MK D.S. 4-10-2013 S.K.09-12-2013 140
bg % Here (bg)
bZgk % Exertion, endeavour (bZgk)
bgyksfddks % Belonging to this world (bgyksd $ bd)
bZgfr % To endeavour (bZg)
bTtk % Sacrifice (bT;k)
bTtfr % See (;tfr)
bTtfr % To prosper, to succeed, to be accomplished (/)
bD[kua % Sight, looking (bZ{k.k)
bD[kf.kdks % Fortune teller (bZ{kf.kd)
bD[kfr % To look, to see (b{k~)
bDdks % A bear ({k)
bh % One edged weapon or short sword (bZyh)
bek] bea] bes % See v;a
b.ka % Debt (.k)
b.kkf;dks % A debter, a borrower (.k $ vk; $ bd)
bUn/uq % The rainbow (bUnz $ /uql)
bUnxksidks % A sort of insect (bUnz $ xksid)
bUntkfydks % A magician, juggler, conjurer (bUnz $ tkfyd)
bUn[khyks % A threshold: a large slab of stone let into the ground at the
entrance of the house: a pillar infront of a city gate (bUnz $ uhy)
bUnuhyks] bUnuhya % A sapphire (bUnz $ uhy)
bUnika % Name of a town (bUnzizLFk)
bUnlkyks % Name of a tree (bUnz $ 'kky)
bUnok#.kh % Coloquintida (bUnz $ ok#.kh)
bUn;oks % The seeds of wrightia qualidysentricas (bUnz $ ;o)
bUn;q/a % The rainbow (bUnz $ vk;q/)
bUn/ua % Fire wood, fuel (bU/u)
bUnhoja % The blue water lily; the cassia fistula (bUnhoj)
bUnks % Chief Lord; a king; Indra (bUnz)
bfUnz;Xxgks % Perciptible to the senses (bfUnz; $ xzkg xzg)
bfUnz;a % An organ of sense; a power, faculty, function organ; a moral
quality; sense, perception aquisition (bfUnz;)
bfUnz;laojks % Restrain or subjugation of-the senses (bfUnz; $ laoj)
bUnq % The moon (bUnq)
D:\AMBEDKAR-13\PALIDIC-13\AMB-04 MK D.S. 4-10-2013 S.K.09-12-2013 141
J
tPpU/fd;ks % Connected with being born blind
tPpU/ks % Born blind (tkR;U/)
tPpks % Belonging to a family (tkR;)
tkxjfr % To wake, to watch (tkx`)
tkxfj;k % Waking, watching, vigil (tkx;kZ)
tkxjks % Waking, vigil (tkxj)
txfr % The earth; the floor of a terrace (txrh)
tXxfr % To watch (tkx`)
t?kua % The buttocks (t?ku)
tgkisfr % To cause to leave
tgkfr % To leave, to forsake, to renounce (gk)
tgks % Leaving, (comp tgd)
tTtfjrks % Weakened (ttZfjr)
tkyk % A flame (Tokyk)
tykcq % The womb (tjk;q)
tykHkqtks % Born from the wound, viviparous (tjk;qt)
typjks % A fish (ty $ pj)
tynk;dks % A golden vase (ty $ nk;d)
tyk/kjks % A tank, a reservoir (ty $ vk/kj)
tyn % A rain-cloud (tyn~)
tytks % Water-born (ty $ t)
tkyda % A bud: a net (tkyd)
tyky;ks % A reservior, a lake (ty $ vky;)
tya % Water (ty)
tkya % A net: a web: window or lattice: reticulation, a multitude,
quantity, accumulation: intricacy: illusion (tky)
tyfu/h % The ocean (ty $ fuf/)
tykisfr % To cause to be kindled
tykl;ks % A tank, lake, reservoir (ty $ vk'k;)
tylqfk % A bi-valve, shell (ty $ 'kqfDr)
tyfr % To burn, to blaze, to glow, to shine (Toy~)
tGka % Dullness; stupidity (tMRo)
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K
dk % See dks
dcfykjks % Made into balls or mouthfuls (doy $ dkj)
doyks] doya % A mouthful, a morsel (doy)
dojks % Mixed, confused, variegated (doj)
dCcdj.ka % Making poems or ballads (dkO; $ dj.k)
dCcdkjks % A poet (dkO; $ dkj)
dpojks % Sweepings, dust, rubbish
dPpfr % To shine (dp~)
dPpk;uks] % Name of a famous grammarian-name of the Pali grammarian
dPpkuks (dkR;k;u $ v)
dPpk;uks % Belonging to kaccayana (dkR;k;u $ v)
dPNk % A girdle: a girth: the end of the loin-cloth tucked into the waist-
band: an enclosure: a room (d{kk] d{;k)
dPNdks % The tree Cedrela Toona (dPN~ $ d)
dPNUrja % A kings private room or cabinet (d{kk $ vUrj)
dPNiks % A tortoise (dPNi~)
dPN % The arm-pit; the end of a loin-cloth; a spreading creeper; grass-
weeds (d{k)
dPNks] dPNa % Marshy land (dPN~)
dPNq % The scab (dPNq)
dfPp % Perhaps, surely (dfPpn~)
dkpks % A siliceons earth or clay used in making glass: glass:ophthalmia
(dkp)
dkpks] dktks % The string of a balance or of a carrying pole (dkp] dkt)
dnk % When? at what time? (dnk)
dnkfp % At sometimes: sometimes: perhaps (dnk $ fpn~)
dnfy % The plantain or banana tree (dnyh)
dnfydk % The plantain or banana tree (dnfydk)
dnEcda % Abundance, plenty (dnEcd)
dnEcdks % The tree Nauclea, Cadamba
dknEcks % A kind of goose
dnUua % Bad food (dnUu)
dnfj;ks % Avaricious, slingy, miserly (dn;Z)
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dkyifj;Urlhya % Taking upon oneself the Sila precepts for a definite terminable
period(dky $ ia;ZUr $ 'khy)
dykih % A peacock (dykfiu~)
dykiks % A bundle: a tuft: a peacocks tail: a row, string, multitude: a
quiver (dyki)
dGkjks % Tawny, tan-coloured (dMkj)
dylks] lh] la % A water-pot, a cup (dy'k)
dkGlksdks % Name of an Indian monarch who reigned from 453 to 425 B.C.
and was a supporter of the Buddhist religion in his reign the
Second General Council was held (dky $ v'kksd)
dkGlqkks % Name of one of the eight Narakas or hells (dky $ lw=k)
dkGkfrifk % The conditional tense (dky $ vfrifk)
dkGrks % See (dkGks)
dyka % A wife (dy=k)
dyok % Long, tasting (dkyoUr~)
dkyoknh % Speaking at the right time or appropriately (dky $ okfnu~)
dkGkcdh % Name of a sort of Elephant
dkyo.ka % A very little salt (dn~ $ yo.k)
dyfoks % A sparrow (dyfo)
dkGk;la % Iron (dkyk;l)
dyk;ks % A chick: pea (dyk;)
dky;qkks % See Kalo
dkys % Sea Kalo
dysoja % A corpse (dysoj)
dkysu % See Kalo
dfy % Sin, demerit, depravity: name of one of the Yugas (dfy)
dfydk % A flower-bud (dfydk)
dkfydks % Belonging to the time (dkfyd)
dfyyks % Choked, in pervion, impenetrable (dfyy)
dfyek % Sinful (dfyeUr~)
dfy % Name of a people and country on the coromandal coast (dkfy]
dfy)
dfGjks % A log, or faggot
dfyks % The fork, tailed shrike (dfy)
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dIiks % Fit, suitable, worthy: nearly equal to, rivalling resembling like
(dYi $ dYI;)
dIiks % Time, a moment: precept, rule, ordinance: the rules concerning
rites, one of the Vedangas; practice, usage, mode; alternative,
permission; a chapter or section of a book: thought: all the
whole; a vast period; age; cycle (dYi)
dIiwjks] dIiwja % Camphor (diwZj)
dkiqIiQa % Bad flowers (dk $ iq"i)
dkjk % A jail (dkjk)
dkjHkks % The metacarpus: a camel (djHk)
djHkwl % A bangle or bracelet (dj $ Hkw"kk)
djXxa % The lip of an elephants trunk (dj $ vxz)
djgfp % Sometimes (dg $ fpn~)
djgkVa % A bulbous root (djgkV)
djtks % A finger nail (djt)
djdk $ dks % Hail (djd)
dkjda % Relation of a noun and verb in a sentence, construction, case-
relation (dkjd)
djdks % A water-pot: the pomegranate tree (djd)
dkjdks % Making, doing, causing (dkjd)
djeks % The shrub carissa carandes (djenZ)
djejks % A prisoner (comp.djefju~)
dkj.kk % Agony, torture (dkj.k)
dkj.kk % (adj) On account of, for the sake of (dkj.kkr~)
dj.ka % Making; doing: action;, instrument; the body; an organ of sense
(dj.k)
dkj.ka % Motive, cause, reason, means, thing, matter, case event, sub-
stance; destruction (dkj.k)
dj.Mdks % A box (dj.Md)
dkj.Moks % A sort of duck (dkj.Mo)
dkj.Mks] .Ma % A basket, a wicker-work box (dj.M)
dkjf.kdks % Investigating, judging (djf.kd)
dj.kh;ks % That ought to be done or made (dj.kh; )
djtks % The plant Pongamia Globra (djt)
dj.kks % Making, causing (dj.k)
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L
yCHkk % Allowable, possible (yH;)
yCHkus;ks (adj) % Obtainable
yCHkfr % To be taken: to be obtained: to be received: to be permitted
(yH;rs yHk~)
yCHkks % Obtainable; proper, right, suitable, admissible (yH; yHk~)
ykHkk % See ykHkks
ykHkXxa % Highest gain (ykHk $ vxz)
yHkua % Taking, receiving, acquisition (yHku)
yHkfr % To obtain, to get, to acquire: to met with, to fix: to receive; to
take: to obtain permission: to allow; to receive an opportunity,
to get a chance: to be able (yHk~)
ykfHk (adj) % Possessed of (ykfHku~)
ykHkks % Gain; receipts; receiving; obtaining; acquisition (ykHk)
ykcq % A pumpkin (ykcq)
ycqtks % The tree artocarpus lacucha (ydqp)
yPNfr % See yHkfr
yk % Ger from Labhati (yC/k)
yCcks % That ought to be received or obtained (yC/O; yHk~)
ydks (adj) % Delightful, pleasing (yC/ $ d)
yf % Religious belief: wrong views: heresy (yfC/)
yfdks % Heretical, schismatic (yfC/ $ d)
yks % Taken, obtained, received (yC/ yHk~)
ya % See yHkfr
yXxkisfr % To cause to be hung up
yXxfr] yxfr % To adhere, to stick fast, to hang from (yx~)
yXxsfr] yxsfr % To fasten, to tie, to hang up
(caus)
yXxks % Attached, tied, adhering (yXu yx~)
yfxrks % Adhering (yfxr yx~)
yxqGks % A club, a mallet (yxqM)
ygq (adj) % Light; quick: vain: frivolous, flighty: trifling, insignificant: beau-
tiful delightful (y?kq)
ygq] ygqa (adv) % Quickly; surely, certainly (y?kq)
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yksfgrqIikndks % One who has committed the crime of shedding the blood of
Buddha
yksfgrqIiknks % The crime of wounding supreme Buddha so as to drop blood
(yksfgr $ mRikn)
yksgks $ yksga % Iron, copper, brass: any metal (yksg)
yksd/Eerk % The vicissitudes of life, the vanity of worldly things (yksd $ keZ
$ rk)
yksd/Eeks % World conditions (yksd $ /eZ)
yksd/krq % A world or sphere (yksd $ /krq)
yksdkf/irs;a % Influence of the world (yksd $ vkf/irs;k)
yksdx: % Teacher of the world, an epithet of Buddha (yksd $ xq#)
yksdXxks % Chief of the world i.e. Buddha (yksd $ vxz)
yksdD[kf;dk % See Akkhayika and Lokayatam
yksdkfela % Temptation of the world, pleasures of senses (yksd $ vkfe"k)
yksdukFkks % Protector or Saviour of the world, an epithet of Buddha (yksd
$ ukFk)
yksdUrfjdks (adj) % Belonging to the lokantaram or space between three (yksd $
vUrj $ bd)
yksdikyks % Guardian of the world (yksy $ iky)
yksdfonw (adj) % Knowing the universe, a common epithet of a Buddha (yksd $
fon~)
yksdk;ra % Controversy on fabulous or absurd points casuistry (yksdk;r)
yksdslks % Brahman (yksd $ bZ'k)
yksfd;ks (adj) % Common, popular: worldly, earthly, temporal (ykSD;)
yksdks % The universe; the world: the inhabitants of a world or region;
mankind: a being, a creature (yksd)
yksdqkjks (adj) % Transcending the world, supernatural, spiritual (yksd $ mkj)
yksyrk % Longing, eagerness (yksy $ rk)
yksyks (adj) % Tremulous; desirous, longing: greedy: unsteady, agitated (yksy)
yksyqiks (adj) % Desirous, covetous, greedy (yksyqi)
yksegalua % Horripilation or bristling of the hair of the body caused by
astonishment or fear or delight (ykseu~ $ g"kZ.k)
yksegaluks (adj) % Causing horripitation, astounding, stupendous (ykseg"kZ.k)
yksegalks % Horripiltation (ykseu~ $ g"kZ)
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yksegtkrks (adj) % Having the hair of the body erect with wonder or fear, terrified,
astounded, thunderstruck (ykseu~ $ "V "k $ tkr tu~)
yksea % The hair of the body (ykseu~)
ykselks (adj) % Hairy (ykse'k)
ykseh (adj) % Having hair (ykseu~ $ bu~)
yks.ka % Salt (yo.k)
yksf.kdks (adj) % Relating to salt, having a salt taste(ykof.kd)
yksiks % Cutting off; in grammar elision, a pocope (yksi)
yqd ks % A huntsman, a sportsman (yqC/d)
yqks % Greedy, covetous (yqC/ yqHk~)
yqks (adj) % Cruel, muderous (yqC/ yqHk~)
yw[kks (adj) % Rough; unpleasant; hard, harsh (#{k] yw{k)
yqyk;ks % A buffalo (yqyk;)
yqukfr % To cut, to reap (yw)
yqpfr % To pull up or out (yqp)
ywuks % Cut, reaped (ywu yw)
yqiua % Cutting off (yqi $ vu~)
yqI;fr % To be elided (yqI;rs yqi~)
ywrk $ ywfrdk % A spider (ywrk $ ywfrdk)
yqkks % Cut off, elided (yqIr yqi~)
yw;fr % To be cut or reaped (yw;rs yw)
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ek % The moon (ekl~)
ek % Not, do not (Prohibitive Particle) (ek)
ePNk % Good-soil (e`Rlk)
ePNcU/ks % A fisherman (eRL; $ cU/)
ePNdks % A fish (eRL;d)
ePN.Mh % Inspissated juice of the sugar-cane (eRL;.Mh)
ePNjk;fr % To be envious (eRlj)
ePNjh (adj) % Envious, niggardly (eRlfju~)
ePNfj;a $ ePNsja % A vice, niggardliness, selfishness, envy, churlishness (ekRl;Z)
ePNjks (adj) % Niggardly, envious, grudging (eRlj)
efPNdks % A fisherman (ekfRldks)
ePNks % A fish (eRL;)
ePpks % Mortal (eR;Z e`)
ePpks (adj) % Maternal (ekr` $ ;)
ePpq % Death, yama (e`R;q)
ePpq/s;a % The realm of Death (e`R;q $ /s; /k)
eknua % Delighting: clover (eknu)
enuh;ks (adj) % Intoxicating (enuh;)
enuks % Kama, the God of love; the plant Vanguiera spinosa (enu)
ek % Name of a country and its inhabitants (enz)
eyks % A sort of drum (enZy)
eua % Rubbing, grinding, crushing, trampling (enZu)
efr % To rub, to compress, to crush, to trample, to destroy (e`n~)
eoks (adj) % Flaccid, withered (eknZo)
e/q (adj) % Sweet, pleasant, nice honey (e/q)
e/qCcrks % A honey-bee (e/q $ ozr)
e/qfPNa % Wax (e/qfPN"V)
e/qqeks % The tree Bassia latifolia (e/q $ nzqe)
e/qdjks % A bee (e/qdj)
e/qdjks (adj) % Sweet (e/qdj)
e/qdks (adj) % Sweet (e/qd)
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eya % Dirt, filth; exorement, stain taint; fault, defect; impurity sin:
rust (ey)
eyrja % A greater or worse taint(ey $ rj)
ekyrh % The great flowered jasmine (ekyrh)
ey;tks % Sandal-wood
ey;ks % A mountainous in the Dekkan: a mountainous dist in Ceylon of
which adams peak is in the centre; a garden, a park: a jungle
(ey;)
ekyh (adj) % Having a garland or row (ekfyu~)
ekfydk % A garland, double jasmine (ekfydk)
ekfydks % A gardner, a florist (ekfyd)
eyhelks (adj) % Dirty, polluted, stained (eyhe"k~)
efyuhHkofr % To be stained (efyuh $ Hkw)
efyuhdjksfr % To stain, to pollute (efyuh $ )
efyuks (adj) % Dirty; dark; brown, black (efyu)
edks % A cup
efdk % Arabian Jasmine (efdk)
efdks % A sort of goose with brown legs and bill(efdks)
eks % A professional wrestler: name of a people (e)
ekyks % A pavilion, a pagoda (eky)
ekywjks % The tree Egle Marmelos (ekywj)
ekyqrks % Wind, air (ek:r)
ekyqok % A creeper
ekY;a % A flower, a garland of flowers (ekY;)
ea] ee] eea % See vga
eedks (adj) % Mine
ekedks (adj) % Mine, my own; treating as ones, loving (eked)
eek;fr % To be attached or devoted to (eek;~)
eekf;rks % Concerning, belonging to oneself, own
eEePNsndks (adj) % Breaking the joints: (eeZu~ $ Nsnd)
eala % Flesh, meat (ekal)
ekunks (adj) % Inspiring: a term of respect ekun
euDdkjks % Acute consciousness of pain, or pleasure
eua % See Mano
eua (adj) % A little (eukd~)
D:\AMBEDKAR-13\PALIDIC-13\AMB-06 MK D.S. 5-10-2013 S.K.09-12-2013 201
eUrk % Wisdom
eUrCcks % To be thought, to be considered (eUrO; eu~)
eUrHkk.kh (adj) % Speaking wisely
eUr?kjks (adj) % Versed in the Mantras (eU=k $ /j)
eUr.ka % Deliberation, consultation, resolution (eU=k.k)
eUrsfr % To consult, to deliberate, to discuss; to talk, to converse (eU=k~)
eUFkuh % A churn (eUFkuh)
eUFkkuks % A churning-stick (eUFkku~)
eUFkjks % Stupid, slow (eUFkj)
eUFkks % A churning-stick: a sort of rice-cake (eUFk)
eUrh % A councellor, a minister (efU=ku~ $ bUnz)
eUrks % Deliberation resolution, council, design, plan, artifice: Vedic
hymns: a sacred text: a mystic verse; a charm, an incantation
(eU=k)
eUraq $ eURok % See ekfr
euqtkf/iks % A king (euqt $ vf/i)
euqt % A man (euqt)
ekuqUuda % Beauty, charm (ekuksKd)
euqUuks (adj) % Beautiful, pleasing, delightful (euksK)
ekuqldks (adj) % Human (ekuq"kd)
ekuqlks (adj) % Human (ekuq"k)
euqLldks (adj) % Human (euq"; $ d)
euqLlka % Mans condition, humanity (euq";Ro)
euqLlks % Human being, a man (euq";)
ekidks % Causing to appear by supernatural
ekisfr % To make, to prepare: to cause to appear by supernatural power,
to create (eki;fr ek)
ekj/s;a % The realm of Mara or Death, Sansara or continued existence
(ekj $ /s; /k)
ekjth % Conqueror of Mara, epithet of Buddha (ekj $ ftr~)
ekjdks % A slayer (ekjd)
ejEeks (adj) % Burmese
ej.ka % Death (ej.k)
ej.ka % Killing, Slaughter (ekj.k)
ej.klfr % Recollection of death, meditation on death (ej.k $ Le`fr)
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N
u% (Negative particle), Not (u)
uHka $ uHkks % The sky, the air (uHkl~] uHk)
ukfHk % The navel: the nave of a wheel; centre (ukfHk)
uPpdks (adj) % Dancing (u`R; $ d)
uPpa % Dancing, nautch; acting, pantomine; acrobatic, performance
(u`R;)
uPpfr % To dance (u`r~)
ufpjks (adj) % Not long, short (ufpj)
unfr % To sound, to make a noise with the voice, to shout, to roar (un~)
uks % Bound, fastened, covered (u ug~)
ukns;ks % Belonging to a river, fluviatile (ukns;)
unh % A river (unh)
unhekfrdks % (adj) Watered by rivers, provided with rivers (unhekfrd)
ufnka % See unfr
uknks % Sound, noise: cry, shout, roar
(ukn)
ukxcyk % The shrub uraria lagopodisides (ukxcyk)
ukxnUrdks % A peg fastened into the wall to hang things upon (ukxnUrd)
ukxnhiks % A large island said to be inhabited by Nagas, and visited by
Buddha when he introduced his religion among the Nagas (ukx
$ }hi)
ukxyrk % The betel-vine, Piper Betel (ukx $ yrk)
ukxekfydk % The iron-wood tree (ukx $ ekfydk)
ukxjktk % King or a chief of Nagas: said of noble elephant (ukx $ jktu~)
uxj % A town or city: a fortified town, a fortress or citadel (uxj)
uxjh % A town or city (uxjh)
ukxfjdks (adj) % Belonging to a town: urbane, civilised (ukxfjd)
ukxjh % Belonging to a town (ukxj)
uXxks (adj) % Naked (uXu~)
ukxh % A female Naga (ukxh)
ukfxUnks % A Naga king (ukx $ bUnz)
uxks % A mountain: a tree (ux)
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fuokjsfr % To keep off, ward off: to restrain, hinder, prevent, stop (fuokj;fr)
fuokjks % Prevention (fuokj)
uhokjks % Wild rice or paddy (uhokj)
fuoklua % Clothing, an undergarments (fuoklu)
fuoklua % Dwelling (fuoklu)
fuoklsfr % To put on, dress, wear (especially of an undergarment (fuokl;fr)
fuoklsfr % To cause to dwell
fuoklh (adj) % Dwelling (fuokflu~)
fuoklks % Residence, dwelling, abode, station, night-quarters (fuokl)
fuokrks % Lonliness, humility
fuokua % Turning back: refutation (fuorZu)
fuokfr % To turn back, return, depart, to stop, halt: to cease, desist
(fuo`r~)
fuoRFkks % Dressed, clothed: put on, worn
fuofk % Turning back: returning, stopping (fuoZfr)
fuokks % Returned, turned back:recoiling: stopped, ceased (fuo`k)
fuosnua % Informing, announcement (fuosnu)
fuosnsfr % To make know, inform, announce, report, relate (fuosn;fr)
fuosnh (adj) % Making known, informing (fuosfnu~)
fuoslua % Resting-place, residence, dwelling (fuos'ku~)
fuoslsfr % To cause to enter, to introduce, to place: to cause to settle or
dwell: to fix, place, establish: to found, build (fuos'k;fr)
fufolfr % To settle, encamp (fufo'k~)
fufoV ks % Encamped, settled, established, fixed on, devoted; married
(fufo"V)
fuoqrks % Surrounded, hemmed-in, obstructed (fuo`r)
fuoqRFkks % Inhabited
fu;kedks (adj) % Curbing, governing, restraining, guiding (fu;ked)
fu;eua % Restraining, regulation (fu;eu)
fu;esfr % To restrain: to fix: to prescribe: ordain (fu;e;fr)
fu;eks % Ascertainment, certainty: restraint, training, self-imposed, re-
ligious observance: voluntary performance of a meritorious act
(fu;e)
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O
vksHkXxks % Broken (voHkXu)
vksHkklfr % To shine (voHkkl~)
vksHkklfr] voHk % To speak, to address (voHkk"k~)
vksHkklks] voHk % Lustre, radiance, light: appearance, manifestation : reach,
range: a hint (voHkkl)
vksfpD[kfr % To point out, draw attention to (vop{k~)
vksfpufr % To gather, pick (vofp)
vksngua % Depositing, stowing away
vksngfr % To pit in, to deposit: to attend, apply (vo/k)
vksndfUrdks % A deep pit or hole in the earth
vksnd (adj) % Belonging to water-watery, aqueous (vksnd)
vksnua] uks % Boiled rice (vksnu)
vksnfudks % A cook (vksnfud)
vksnkrks % White: pure, clean, clear (vonkr)
vksf/ % Limit, limitation: district, division (vof/)
vksf/lks (adj) % At the end of a period, ultimately (vof/ $ 'kl~)
vksfnLlk % A ger, from fn'k~ with vo - meaning expressly
vksnqEcjks (adj) % Belonging to the udumbara tree (vksnqEcj)
vksxPNua % Going out
vksx/ks (adj) % Belonging to, connected with, contained in (vo $ xk/)
vksxkgfr] % To dive, plunge into, enter (voxkg)
vksxkgsfr
vksxkgks % Plunging into, wading fording (voxkg)
vksxkgks % See (vksxkgfr)
vksxeua % Going down, setting (voxe~ $ vu)
vksxg % See (vksxkgfr)
vks?kks % Flood, inundation, torrent, overflow: multitude, quantity (vks?k)
vksfxyfr % To swallow (vox`)
vksxqf.Brks % Covered, veiled, wrapped-up (voxqf.Br)
vksgkj.ka % Removing
vksgkjsfr % To remove (vo)
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vksyksdsfr] % To look, see at, behold, look-down upon: to look for, await watch:
vksyksdfr] to consider, regard (voyksd)
voyksdsfr
vksyqfEidks (adj) % Belonging to a raft (mMqi $ bd)
vksedks (adj) % Low, inferior, vile (voed)
vkselfr % To revile, to reproach (vo $ e`'k~)
vkseloknks % Scornful, contemptous, reproachful speech (voe`'k $ v $ okn~)
vksepfr % To take off, unloose, remove
(voeqp~)
vkseqksfr % To make water upon (voew=k)
vksuks] vouks % Covered, bound (vou?k)
vks.kefr % To stoop, to bow (voue~)
vksuU/ua % Tying, entangling
vksuU/fr % To cover, to bind
(voug~)
vks.krks % Bent, stooping (vour)
vkskkrks] vkkrks % Low-born (vo $ Kkr)
vksuohlfroLlks % One who is there twenty years old i.e. under age for ordination
(adj)
vks.khrks % Drawn out, removed (vo $ uhr)
vksif/dks % (adj) Belonging to Upadhi (vkSixo~)
vksiEea % A simile, comparison, mataphor, analogy (vkSiE;)
vksiuf;dks % (adj) Conducive (miu; $ bd)
vksiikfrdks % (adj) Accidental, phenomenal, apparitional (mitkr $ bd)
vksijTta % The office of sub-king: royalty (mijkt $ ;)
vksilfedks % (adj) Leading to quiet or ceassation (mi'ke~ $ bd)
vksiflysfldks % Relating to immediate contract, containing, embracing
(vkSi ysf"kd)
vksifrrks % Fallen down (vo $ ifrr)
vksiogks % (adj) Intended for riding on (vkSiokg)
vksikf;dks % (adj) Proper, fit, right (mik; $ bd] vkSif;d)
vksiukfr % To winnow, sift: metaphorically, to expose, lay-bear, faults of
others (vo $ iw)
vkiqtfr % To heap or collect to-gether (vo $ iqt~)
vksjfCHkdks % A butcher (vkSajfHkzd)
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P
i % A preposition used in composition with verbs and their deriva-
tives (iz)
ik % izkd~
icyk % Power (izcy $ Ro)
icyks (adj) % Strong, mighty (izcy)
icU/ks % A continuous series: a narrative: literary composition, fiction
(izcU/)
iCotua % Embracing asceticism; becoming a Buddhist monk (izozt~ $
vu)
iCcktua % Banishment; causing to become a Buddhist monk, ordination
(izokz tu)
iCctfr % To go forth; to exile oneself: to give up the world: to embrace
ascetic life to become a Buddhist Monk; to take the robe, to take
orders (izot z ~)
iCcftrrk % State of being an ascetic or Buddhist monk, or nun (izoTz ;k)
iCcTtrk % State of being a Buddhist monk (izozT; $ rk)
iCctks (adj) % Made of bulrushes (ioZu~ $ t)
iCca % A knot or joint in a branch or creeper; or in a crane or reed or in
grass; certain days of lunar month, the full and change of moon
etc. (ioZu)
iCcrk;fr % To act like a mountain
iCcrs;ks (adj) % Belonging to mountains (ikoZrs;)
iCcrks % A mountain (ioZr)
iCHkkjks % A cave in a mountain (izkXHkkj)
iHkk % Light, radiance (izHkk)
iHk.ka % Breaking up, disolution destruction, decay, corruption
(izHk u)
iHkjks (adj) % Light-giving i.e. the sun (izHkk $ dj)
iHkklfr % To talk, to prate (izHkk"k~)
iHkklsfr % To illumine (izHkkl;fr)
iHkklks % Shining, illumination (izHkkl)
iHkkLljks (adj) % Shining, bright (izHkkLoj)
ikHkra % Money, price; a present (izkHk`r)
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ikjxq $ xks (adj) % One who has crossed to the other side, who has passed beyond
escaped from : one who is accomplished or versed in (ikjx)
ijglk % Injuring another, cruelty (ij $ glk)
ijfgra % The good or welfare of others (ijfgr)
ijkt;ks % Defeat: losing at play or in a lawsuit (ijkt;)
ijktsfr] ijkt;fr % To conquer, overcome, defeat: to be conquered, succumb (ijkft)
ikjkft;ks (adj) % Meriting expulsion
ijkftrks % See ijktsfr
ijdrks (adj) % Done or made by another (ij $ r)
ijfd;ks (adj) % Belonging to another (ijdh;)
ijefr % To put forth ones strength, exert oneself, strive (ijke)
ijeks % Energy, exertion, striving (ijke)
ijdqya % The family of another, a neighbours family or house (ij $ dqy)
ikjyksfdda % The next-world, another world (ikjykSfdd)
ijyksdks % Another worlds or next world (ijyksd)
ija % See ijks
ikja % The further or opposite shore of a sea or bank of a river; Nirvana,
as being the goal reached by the pilgrim, crossing the ocean of
existence (ikj)
ijek.kq % A practicle or atom (ijek.kq)
ijkelua % Touching, handling
ijkelfr % To touch, rub, stroke, seize, handle(ijke`'k~)
ijkeklks % Touch, contact, being affected with (ijke'kZ)
ijekk % The pali from of the non-Buddhist term (ijekReu~)
ijeRFkks % Best or highest sense, the truth, reality, completeness, perfec-
tion (ijekFkZ)
ijkeRFkks % Touched, handled, taken hold of: affected, touched, actuated,
influenced (ijke`"V)
ijek;q % The longest period of life (ijek;ql)
ikjeh] ikjferk % Completeness, perfection, highest state
ikjaeq[kks % Having the face averted, averse from, a voiding regardless of
(ijkUeq[ka)
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ijeks (adj) % Highest, first, best, greatest, chief, principal, extreme, exceed-
ing (ije)
ijEijk % Series, row, succession, lineage (ijEijk)
ikjEifj;a % Traditional instruction, tradition (ikjEi;Z)
ijEijks (adj) % Successive, repeated (ijaij)
ikjrks (adj) % Versed or accomplished in (ikja $ xr)
ijfufEerks (adj) % Created or brought into being by others (ij $ fuer)
ijUriks (adj) % Tormenting others (ijUri)
ikjkikja % The hither and further, shore, the far bank and near bank
(ikjkikj)
ikjkikrks % A dove, piegeon (ikjkir)
ijiqV ks % The kokila or Indian cuckoo (ijiq"V)
ijLlina % A grammatical term, the active or transitive verb (ijLeSin)
ijlqos (adv) % The day after to-morrow (ij ol~)
ijrhja % The opposite shore (ij $ rhj)
ijrks (adv) % Further, afterwards, beyond (ijrl~)
ijRFkk (adv) % Elsewhere, in another world, hereafter (ij=k)
ijRFkks % The advantage of another, the public good (ijkFkZ)
ijoknks % The gossip; public rumour (ijokn)
ijk;ua % Final end or aim, chief object, destiny, rest, support
ijk;uks (adj) % Attached to, dependent on, supported by (ijk;.k)
ijk;kks (adj) % Dependent on another, subservient (ijk;r)
ijs % See ikjks
ijsrks % Dead, destroyed, ruined (ijsr)
ikjsorks % A dove or piegeon
ifj % Around or about (ifj)
ifjcks % Bound to-gether (ifjc)
ifjckfgjks (adj) % External (ifj $ ckg)
ifjCcktdks % A wandering religious mendicant, priest (Buddhist), pilgrim
(ifjozktd)
ifjCcktfr % To wander about, to lead the life of a religious mendicant, to
renounce the world and become Buddhist monk (ifjozt~)
ifjCckftdk % Female ascetic or pilgrim; a Buddhist nun (ifjozkftdk)
ifjCcktks % Same as ifjCcktdks (ifjozkt)
ifjCHkeua % Revolving, circumference (ifjHkze.k)
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iLlfr % To see, look, behold, observe: to see with the mind, learn, know,
understand: to discover, find, meet-with (i'k~)
iLlkoh (adj) % Seeing
iLlkoks % Urine (izlzko)
iLlks $ iLla % Side, flank (ik oZ)
ilq % Cattle; an animal, beast: a goat (i'kq)
ilwfr % (izlwfr)
Birth, bringing forth: childbirth, delivery
izlwfkdk % That has brought forth, that has had a child (izlwfrdk)
ilqrks % Intent upon, devoted to, seeking (izflr fl)
ilwrks % Engendered, born; delivered (izlwr)
ilqkks % Sleeping (izlqk)
ikrOoks % Drinkable (ikrO;)
iVfXx % Fire in return (izfr $ vfXu)
iVgks % A battle-drum Kettle drum (iVg)
irkdk % A banner or flag (irkdk)
iVdks % Cotton cloth (iVd)
ikrkya % The lower regions: Naga-world, submarine fire (ikrky)
iVya % A covering; coating: membrane, film: catarract of the eye: roof
thatch: a heap, multitude, quantity (iVy)
ikVyh % The trumpet flower, Bignomia Suaveolens (ikVyh)
iVfydk % A woollen coverlet thickly woven with flowers (iVy $ bdk)
ikVfyiqka $ kda % Name of a city in Magadha (ikVfyiq=kd)
ikVyks (adj) % Light, red, pink (ikVy)
irua % Falling (iru)
irks % A bird (ir)
iVks % A flying insect, moth, beatle, grass-hopper (iQfM)
irkfu (adj) % Spreading, extending (izrkfuu~)
ikrtfy (adj) % Having the hands clasped (ikrtfy)
irUrks % A bird (iur~)
iVUrks % The skirt or seam of a garment (iV $ vUr)
irkiuks % Name of one of the eight Hells (izrkiu)
irkook (adj) % Burning, scorching (izrkior~)
irkiks % Heat; splendour, majesty, dignity (izrki)
irkih (adj) % Burning, schorching (izrkfiu~)
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ifVolfr % (izfrol~)
To live, dwell
ifVokra (adv) % Against the wind (izfrokre~)
ifVokk % One who answers or contradicts (izfr $ okQ`)
ifVoka % See oka
ifVofs r % To roll something against, knock, strike
ifrofk;ks % That can be subverted
ifVosnsfr % To make known, announce, assist (izfrosn;fr)
ifVos/ks % Penetration, comprehension, attainment (izfr $ os/)
ifVfoHkkks % Distributed with partiality or favour (izfrfoHkt~)
ifVfoks % Penetrated, acquired (izfr $ fo)
ifVfofnrks % Known, ascertained (izfr $ fofnr)
ifVfoT>kua % Penetration; comprehension
ifVfoT>fr % To cleave, split: to penetrate, comprehend, acquire, master,
learn (izfrO;/~)
ifrfoyfXxrks % Stuck, entangled
ifVolks % Portion, Share
ifVfousfr % To repress, subdue (izfr $ fo $ uh)
ifVfouksua % Removal,
ifVfouksnsfr % To remove, dismiss, dispel (izfr $ fo $ uqn~)
ifVfojfr % Abstinence from (izfrfojfr)
ifVfojrks % Abstaining from (izfr $ fo $ jr)
ifVfo#ks % Opposed, hostile (izfr $ fo $ #)
ifVfoLldks (adj) % Neighbouring (izfros'k or izfros';u~ or izfros'; $ d)
ifV;knsfr % To prepare, make ready, provide (izfr;kr;fr)
ifV;kks % Prepared, made ready: dressed (izfr $ ;k)
ikfV;sks % See ikfV,ks
ikVks $ ikVa % Cloth; a cloth or garment (iV)
ikrks % Falling, fall; a cast, throw; discharge (ikr)
ikrks % Before a vowel sometimes Patar (adv) at dawn, early, to-morrow
morning (izkrj)
irksnda % Poking or tickling (izrksnd)
irksnks % A goad (izrksn)
iVksyks % A species of cucumber
ikCcks $ % Attainable (izkIrO;)
ikCcdks
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iosPpfr % To give
iosnsfr % To make known, tell, utter (izosn;fr)
ios/fr % To tremble (izC;Fk~)
iosD[kfr % See ifolfr
ios.kh % A long braid of hair; a coloured woollen cloth used for a saddle
or housings: series, succession line; tradition, custom, usage
(izosf.k)
ioslua % Entrance (izo's ku)
ioslsfr% See ifolfr
ioslks% Entrance (izo's k)
ikos;dks (adj) % Belonging to Pava (ikok $ ; $ d)
ifo/krqa % To place, appoint (izfo/k)
ifop;ks % Investigation (izfop;)
ifoP>kfr % To throw down (izO;/~)
ioh.kks (adj) % Clever, skilful (izoh.k)
iohjks % Heroic; best (izohj)
iohlua % Entrance (izo's k)
ifolfr % To enter (izfo'k~)
ifofLlyslks % Separation (izfo ys"k)
ifo ks% See ifolfr
ifokks (adj) % Sacred, ho1y (ifo=k)
ifoosdks % Retirement, solitude, seclusion (from iz $ fo $ fop~)
ifofokks % Separated, detached, retired, secluded (izfofokQ)
ioks % Purification, winnowing grain (io)
ioqPpfr % To be spoken of, to be called or termed
ioqks % See iofr
ikoqlks % The rainy season; a sort of a fish (izko`"k)
ikoqLldks (adj) % Belonging to the rainy season (izko`"; $ d)
ioqkks % Spoken to, told(iz $ mkQ)
ik;dks % One who drinks (ik;d)
i;keks % Length (iz;ke)
ik;klks % Rice boiled in milk, milk rice(ik;l)
i;kfr % To go, proceed, advance (iz;k)
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isydks % A hare
isyoks (adj) % Delicate,tender (isyo)
isea % Love; affection: kindness: joy, pleasure (izseu~)
iseuh;ks (adj) % Affectionate
isldkjks % A weaver (is'kl~ $ dkj)
islyks (adj) % Beautiful, delightful, amiable; skilful(is'ky)
islua % Sending, dispatching; message, dispatch (iz"s k.k~)
islsfr % To send (izs"k;fr)
islh % A piece of flesh or meat (is'kh)
isfldk % Rind or shell (isf'kdk)
isLla % Servitude (izS";)
isfLldks % A servant (izS"; $ bd)
isLlks % A messenger, servant, slave, hireling, menial (izs";)
islqka $ islq.ks;a % Back-biting, slander, evil speaking (iS'kqU; $ fi'kqu $ ,;)
isVdks % A basket (isVd)
isrks % Dead, departed (izsr)
isks;rk % Paternity
isks;ks (adj) % Paternal (fir` $ ,;)
isfkdks % Paternal, ancestral (iSr`d $ iS=;)
$ isfk;ks (adj)
isfkfol;ks % The Preta realm or world
is;kya % This word answers to our Etcetera, or to the dotted line used,
when words are intentionally omitted. Its etymology is exceed-
ingly doubtful
is;koTta % Kindwordedness, kindness of language
is;ks % See fiofr
is;h (adj) % Beloved, dear (izs;l~)
iQXxoks % A sort of pot herb
iQXxq.kks % The month of Phalguna (iQkYxq.k)
iQyda $ dks % A board, slab; a shield (iQyd)
iQya % A certain measure or weight (iy)
iQya % A fruit; grain; crop; produce: result; consequence: reward,
profit, advantage: a testicle (iQy)
iQkyua % Splitting, bursting
iQkykisfr % To cause to be split or torn
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iqu] iquks % Before a vowel Punar and Punad (adv)again, anew, afresh;
back: after that, next, further, moreover (iquj~)
iquCclq % Name of a Nakkhatta (iquoZlw) also name of one of Gautama
Buddhas earliest converts
iqUuHkoks % Renewed existence, re-birth, transmigration (iquHkZo)
iqUuuok % Hogweed, medicinal plant (iquuZo)
iquIiqua $ u (adv) % Again and again, repeatedly (iquj~ $ iquj~)
iqu#kks $ % Repeated (iqu#kQ)
#kdks (adj)
iqukfr % To purify (iw)
iqNua % Wiping, cleaning; a towel (izks Nu~)
iqNfr % To wipe (izks N~)
iq.Mfjda % A white lotus flower; one of the Buddhist high numerals, one
followed by 112 ciphers (iq.Mfjd)
iq.Mfjfduh % A pond of white lotuses (iq.Mfjd $ bu~)
iq.Mfjdks % A fragrant kind of mango; a tiger (iq.Mfjd)
iqoks % A bull; at the end of a compound, best, chief (iqo)
iqtks % Heap, mass, multitude (iqt)
iqks % The feathered part of an arrow (iq)
iksfdyks % See (iqek)
iqUukxks % The tree Rottleria Tinetoria (iqUukx)
iqUuek % The day or night of a full moon (iw.kZek)
iqUuialqdks % See iqek
iqkrk % Meritoriousness, merit, good works (iq.;rk)
iqkok (adj) % Meritorious, righteous; fortunate (iq.;or~)
iq..kks % Full, fulfilled, complete, entire (iw.kZ)
iqkks (adj) % Good, virtuous: just, rightcous, meritorious, pure, holy (iq.;)
iquks % See iquk
iwfi;ks % A cake-seller, confectioner (iwi $ ;)
iwiks % A cake, sweet-meat (iwi)
iqIiQa % A flower; the menses (iq"i)
iqIiQua % Flowering
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jpuk % A literary production, composition (jpuk)
jpfr % To prepare, compose (jp~)
jpf;rk % Composer, author (jpf;r`)
jPNk % A street (jF;k)
jnuks % A tooth (jnu)
jkf/rks % Accomplished, performed (jk/;fr)
jnks % A tooth (jn)
jxk % Name of one of Maras daughter
jkxks % Dyeing, dye: colour; human passion, evil desire, greed, attach-
ment, vest (jkx)
jgnks % A deep pool, a lake (gn~)
jgfl % See jgks
jgLlks (adj) % Secret, private (jgL;)
jfgrks % Deprived of, without (jfgr)
jgks % Solitude, secrecy, privacy (jgl~)
jkgq % Name of an asura, who is supposed to cause eclipse by taking the
sun and moon into his mouth; the ascending mode of the moon
(jkgq)
jkgqy % Name of Gautama Buddhas son (jkgqy)
jktk % A king, a prince, a ruler, a governor (jktu~)
jktkfHkjktk % King of kings (jktkf/jkt~)
jktHkksXxks % A kings servant or minister, courtier (jktu~ $ HkksX;)
jkt/Eeks % Duty of a king (jkt/eZ)
jkt/kuh % A capital or Royal city (jkt/kuh)
jktxga % Name of the capital of Magadha (jktx`g)
jktxfgdks (adj) % Belonging to Rajgriha
jktxsgks % A palace (jktxsg)
jkt?kja % A palace (jktu~ $ x`g)
jktgalks % A sort of goose or swan(jktgal)
jktddq/Hk.Ma % Symbol of royalty (jktu~ $ ddqn $ Hkk.M)
jtD[kks (adj) % Having defilement or passion (jtLd)
jtdks % A washerman (jtd)
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l % Own
l % See (lks)
l % A prefix much used in the first part of compound adjectives and
adverbs and generally conveying the idea of possession or
similarity (l)
lk % A dog ( ou~)
loy (adj) % Variegated, mottled ('koy)
lCcHkqEeks % A universal monarch (loZ $ Hkwfe $ v)
lCcnk % Always (loZnk)
lCcf/ (adv) % Everywhere, on everyside, in every respect
lCcdks (adj) % All, every (loZd)
lCciPpf (adj) % Provided with greater or less requisites of or members, com-
plete in all parts
lCctgks (adj) % Leaving everything
lCckw (adj) % Omniscient (loZK)
lCckqrk $ kwrk % Omniscience (loZKrk)
lCclks (adv) % Wholly, altogether, from beginning to end, throughout (loZ'kl~)
lCcFkk % In everyway, throughly (loZFkk)
lCcFkkk (adv) % In every way (loZFkk $ Ro)
lCcrks (adv) % From every side (loZrl~)
lCckrk % Identification of all beings with oneself i.e. universal goodwill
(loZ $ vkReu~ $ rk)
lCcRFkk $ lCc=k % Everywhere (loZ=k)
(adv)
lCcRFkda (adv) % Everywhere
lCckok (adj) % Entire
lfCHk % See lUrks
lCHkwrks (adj) % Real, true (ln~Hkwr)
lCcks (adj) % All, every; whole, entire (loZ)
lHkk % An assembly; a hall, court, mansion; a court of justice (lHkk)
lHkkxks (adj) % Common, shared by all, identical (l $ Hkkx)
lHkkxks % Own share (Lo $ Hkkx)
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lk % Faith (Jk)
lkyw (adj) % Believing (Jkyq)
la % Alms offered to Petas (Jk)
la % Indeclinable with the sense of Anukulya
lEeks % Good doctrine, true religion, the true faith, the religion of
Buddha; good condition (lr~ $ /eZ)
lkf;dks (adj) % Trustworthy (Jk $ bd)
l (adv) % With (lk/Ze~)
lffogkjh $ % A fellow or brother priest, one who lives at the same
fogkjhdks monastery with another (lk/Ze $ fogkfju $ fogkfjd)
lks (adj) % Faithful, believing (Jk)
lkks] lkna;ks % Practicable (lk;)
$ lkf/;ks
lks % Word, sound, noise, voice ('kCn)
lwyks % A leopard ('kknwZy)
lknsfr % See flnfr
lnsodks (adj) % Together with the Devas or devaworld (l $ nso $ d)
lnsfodks (adj) % Accompanied by his queen (lnsfod)
lk/dks (adj) % Accomplishing (lk/d)
l/Eeh (adj) % Practicing similar duties (l/eu~)
lk/ua % Accomplishment, effecting; materials (lk/u)
l/uks (adj) % Rich (l/u)
lk/kj.kks (adj) % Common, joint, general (lk/kj.k)
lk/sfr % To accomplish, to effect, to prepare (lk/;fr)
lkf/;ks % Better lkf/;l $ lkaf/d
lkf/ks % Best
lk/q % Good; excellent, right, proper; reputable, well-born (lk/q)
lk/qda (adv) % Well, thoroughly (lk/q $ d)
lk/qdkjks % Approval, congratulations (lk/q $ dkj)
lk/qrjks (adj) % Better (lk/q $ rj)
lkfnD[kks % Similar (ln`'k)
$ lkfjD[kks (adj) %
lfnlrk % Similarly (ln`'krk $ ln`'kRo)
$ lfnlka
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lfnlks % (ln`'k~)
Similar, like
lkfnLla % Resemblance (lkn`';~)
lkfn;fr % To be willing, like, acquiesce, accept, persuit
lknks % Taste (Lokn~)
lknq (adj) % Sweet, agreeable (Loknq)
lnqea % A house (lu~)
lxCHkks % A uterine brother (lxHkZ)
lkxyk $ lkxya % Name of the capital of king Milinda ('kkdy)
lxU/dks (adj) % Fragrant (lxU/ $ d)
lx.kks (adj) % Having a retinue; attended by an army (lx.k)
lxkjoks (adj) % Respectful(l $ xkSjo)
lkxjks % An ocean (lkxj)
lxkFkdks (adj) % Containing gathas (l $ xkFkk $ d)
lXxks % Abandonment; natural state, nature; making, creating, chap-
ter, section (lxZ)
lXxks % Heaven, paradise (LoxZ)
lXxq.kks % Good quality (ln~x.q k)
lxkskks % A kinsman (lxks=k)
lg (adv) % With, together with (lg)
lgHkkoks % Endurance (lgHkko)
lkgpfj;a % Association (lkgp;Z)
lg/fEedks (adj) % Practising the same religious duties(lg/eu~ $ d)
lg/suqdks % Accompanied by a cow (lg $ /suq $ d)
lgxkeh % Accompanying (lgxkfeu~)
lgtkfr % Name of a town in India (lgtkr)
lgtkrks (adj) % Born at the same time (lgtkr)
lgthoh (adj) % Living with (lg $ thfou~)
lgtks % Uterine brother (lgt)
lgdkjks % A sort of fragrant mango tree (lgdkj)
lga % Power (lg~] lgl~)
lkga % See lks
lgEifr % An epithet of Mahabrahma
lgua % Endurance (lgu)
lglk % Hastily, arbitrarily (lglk)
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ljksfr % (lR)
To receive hospitality, to honour, revere
lrkq (adj) % Acquainted with the Sanskrit language (laLr $ K)
lfr % To go
lfr % See lksfr
lrks % Entertained, honoured (lRr)
lrks $ lVks % Sanskrit (laLr)
(adj)
lra % Shakraship ('k $ Ro)
lk;ks % Own body or person (Lo $ dk;)
lD[kjk % A potherd; gravel; clayed or brown sugar, juggery, sugar ('kdZjk)
lkD[kjIiHksnks (adj) % To-gether with the distinction of letters (l $ v{kj $ izHksn)
lfD[k] % See lksfr
lfD[kLlfr
lD[kh % A witness (lkf{ku~)
lks % Shakra or Indra ('k)
lks % Able; possible
lksfr $ lfr % To be able or competent
$ l. kkfr
ldks (adj) % Own (Lod)
lkdks $ lkda % A pot herb ('kkd)
ldqCca % See lk
ldq.kX/h % A kind of hawk ('kdqu $ ?k)
ldq.kh $ % A bird ('kdqfu $ 'kdqfu $ d)
ldq.khdks
lkdq.khdks % A fowler ('kkdqfud)
ldq.kks % A bird ('kdqu)
ldqUr % ('kdqUr)
A bird, the Indian vulture
lkD;iqfkdks % Belonging to the Shakya prince ('kkD; $ iq=k $ bd)
$ iqfr;ks
lkD;ks % See lkfd;ks
lkyk % A house, hail, room('kkyk)
lyHk % A grasshopper or moth ('kyHk)
lykHkks % Ones own advantage, self gain (Lo $ ykHk)
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lEekslks % Confusion
lEeq[krk % Presence, confrontation (lEeq[k $ rk)
lEeq[kks (adj) % Face to face with, in the presence of (lEeq[k)
lEegks % See lEeqgfr
lEeqtuh % See lEeTtkuh
lEeqfr % Consent, authorization; permission; choice, selection; general
consent or use (lEefr)
lEeqgfr % To be stupefied, bewildered, paralysed (lEeqg~)
leks % Tranquility ('ke)
leks % Toil, fatigue (Je)
leks (adj) % Even, level; like, similar, same; equal; upright, just, impartial;
full, complete, entire (le)
lkeks (adj) % Black, dark(';ke)
leks/kua % Combination (leo/ku)
leks/kusfr % To join, connect
leksfdjfr % To spinkle all over (leo)
leks#g % Having descended
lekslj.ka % Union junction
leksljfr % To come together (leo $ l`)
leksrjfr % To descend, disembark (leor`)
lEink % Success, happiness, blessing; successful attainment; success in
obtaining; attainment, possession (lEin~)
lEinkysfr % To cleave, rend
lEinkua % Giving (lEiznku)
lEiknua % Effecting, accomplishment, preparing, obtaining (lEiknu)
lEiknuh;ks % To be prepared or effected (lEiknuh;)
lEiknsfr % See lEiTtfr
lEi/wik;fr % To send forth clouds of smoke (lEiz $ /wi)
lEiVq ks % Impure, wicked (lEiznq"V)
lEiXxgks % Favour, patronage (lEizxg
z ~ $ v)
lEigalk $ % Satisfaction, pleasure, approval
lEigalzua
lEigalsfr % To gladden, delight; to express approbation of a person, to
praise (lEizg"kZ;fr)
lEigkjks % Wounding; strife, battle (lEizgkj)
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lqLlua % Desication
lqLljrk % Melodiousness of voice (lqLoj $ rk)
lqLlfr % To be dried up, waste away ('kq"k~)
lqLloua % Good news (lq $ Jo.k)
lqLlqlk % Desire to hear, obediance, attention, service ('kqJ"w kk)
lqLlwlfr % To listen, attend ('kqJw;rs)
lqLlqrs % To be heard
lqLlqrks (adj) % Well-known (lqJqr)
lqlq % A boy, lad (f'k'kq)
lwlw % A noise made to frighten away a bird
lqlqdks % A child or youth; an alligator or crocodile; the Gangetic porpoise
(f'k'kqd)
lqrok (adj) % Learned in religion; mighty in the scriptures (Jqror~)
lqfr % Dozing (L=kqfr)
lqfr % Hearing; the ear, sound; report, rumour; tradition; the Veda; in
music one of the twenty-two quarter tones or intervals (Jqfr)
lwfr % Birth, chldbirth (lwfr)
lqrks % A son (lqr)
lqrks % Flowing, dripping (qr)
lqrks % Heard; renowned (Jqr)
lwrks % A charioteer; a bard, poet-laureate (lwr)
lqka % A string, thread; a portion of the Buddhist scriptures; a rule,
aphorism (lw=k)
lqkfUrdks (adj) % Versed in the Sutta Pitaka
lqrUrks % A sutta (lw=k $ vUr)
lqklks (adj) % Sutta by sutta (lw=k $ 'kl~)
lqfRFkjks (adj) % Firm (lqfLFkj)
lqfrks (adj) % Well-established, firm (lqfLFkr)
lq (adj) % Well; exceedingly (lq"Bq)
lqfk % A pearl oyster ('kqfkQ)
lqfkdks (adj) % Belonging to a thread (lkSf=kd)
lqkks % Sewn, stiched (L;wr)
lqkks % Asleep (lqIr)
lqRok % See lq.kksfr
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rCcafldks (adj) % Belonging to that race (rn~ $ oa'k $ bd)
rCc..kuk % The commentary there on (rn~ $ o.kZuk)
rCHksnks % A variety there of (rn~ $ Hksn)
rfCcijhrks (adj) % Contrary to it, the opposite of it (rn~ $ foijhr)
rfColslks % A variety there of (rn~ $ fo'ks"k)
rplkjks % A bamboo (Rop~ $ lkj)
rPpdks % A carpenter (r{kd)
rPpa % Truth, reality (rF;)
rPpuh % A hatehat chip-axe (r{kuh)
rPNfr % To pare, cut, slice, chop, hew (r{k~)
rpks % Skin, bark, rind
rn % See lks
rnk (adv) % At that time, then (rnk)
rngs $ rngq (adv) % On that day (rn~gl~)
rnkdkjks (adj) % Of that appearance, similar (rn~ $ vkdkj)
rnkfeuk % Know this also, hereby
rnkfu (adv) % Then (rnkuhe~)
rnu:iks (adj) % Suitable there to (rn~ $ vuq:i)
rnkks (adj) % Different from it (rnU;)
rnUrjs (adv) % In the man time (rn~ $ vUrj)
rnUo;ks (adj) % Following it, connected there with (rn~ $ vUo;)
rnkka % That time (rnkRo)
rnRFka % On that account (rnFkZe~)
rnolfj % See lks
rnOg;ks (adj) % Having that name (rn~ $ vkgw;)
rkfn (adj) % Like that, such (rkn`'k~)
rfnna % See lks
rkfnD[kks (adj) % Such (rkn`{k)
rkfnldks (adj) % Such
rkfnlks (adj) % Such (rkn`'k~)
rnqHk;ka % Both of them (rn~ $ mHk;)
rnwfi;ks (adj) % Suitable, corresponding
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rjoks % See r:
rfj % A boat (rkfj)
rjks % A boat, a raft (rj] rjl~)
rkjks (adj) % Shrill, high (of a musical sound) (rkj)
r# % A tree (r:)
r#.kks (adj) % Young, fresh, new (r#.k)
rljks % A shuttle (=klj)
rlfr % To tremble, to be afraid of (=kl~)
rfl.g % See r.Mk
rLek % See lks
rlks (adj) % Moving, movable (=kl)
rLlua % Thirst (r"kZ.k)
rLlifi;fldk % Name of one of the adhikaranasamathas(rL; $ ikih;l~ $ bdk)
rkr % See rkrks
rVa % See rVks
rVrVk;fr % To rattle, rustle ( from rVrV)
rFkk (adv) % So thus; also (rFkk)
rFkHkkoks % Thuth
rFkkxrks % A sentient being; a Buddha (rFkkxr)
rFkfjo % See rFkk
rFkk#iks (adj) % Of such a description, such; suitable, appropriate, adequate
(rFkk:i)
rFkrks (adj) % As it is, rightly, correctly, truly
rFkka % Being so, such a state of things (rFkkRo)
rFkso % See rFkk
rFkwieks % See miek
rVh % See rVks
rfr;ks (adj) % Third (r`rh;)
rrks % See ruksfr
rrks (adv) % From that place, thence, thereform; from that time; thereafter;
subsequently; further, moreover (rrl~)
rVks] rVh] rVa % A shore or bank (rV] rVh)
rkrks % See rk;fr
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m] mn % A preposition only used as the first of part of a compound,
generally conveying the idea upward or above or away (mn~)
mCcgfr % To raise up to remove, drive away (m}g~)
mCckfgdks % Rules for expulsion of, schismatic priests
mCcV ua % Shampooing the body (m}rZu)
mCcksfr % To tear up, tear out (m}rZ;fr)
mCcs/ks % Height (mn~ $ os/)
mCcsxks % Agitation; excitement, anxiety(m}sx)
mCcstfu;ks (adj) % Causing alarm, agitating (m}stuh;)
mCHka % See ma
mCHkkjks % See mkjks
mCHkrks % Thrown up, thrown out (mqr)
mCHkkosfr % To produce, use (mko;fr)
mCHkoks % Birth, origination (mw)
mfCHkna % Kitchen salt (mfn)
mfCHkTtfr % To burst upwards, to spring up out of the ground, to sprout,
germinate ( Pass mfn~)
mCHkwrks % Born, produced (mwr)
mCoh % The earth (mohZ)
mfCctfr % To be afraid of ( Pass mf}t~)
mfCckfirks % Unduly elated, puffed up
mfCcu;ks % Wrong or false Vinaya (mn $ fou;)
mHkrks (adv) % On both sides, in two ways (mHk $ rl~)
mHk;rks (adv) % On both sides (mHk;rl~)
mHk;RFkk (adv) % In both places (mHk;=k)
mHk;ks (adj) % Both (mHk;)
mHkks % Both
mPp (Indecl.) % Above, high (mPp)
mPpkysfr % To irritate
mPpkfyks % A caterpillar
mPpa (Indecl.) % High (mPpSl~)
mPpkj.ka % Utterance, pronunciation (mPpkj.k)
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mIieks % An expedient
mIiya % The blue lotus; a water lily: one of the high numerals or 1
followed by 98 ciphers (mRiy)
mIifyuh % An assemblage of blue lotuses (mRifyuh)
mIi.Msfr % To ridicule(mn~ $ i.M~)
mIiUuks % See mIiTtfr
mIifjD[kfr % To investigate (mn~ $ ifj $ bZ{k~)
mIikVudks (adj) % Rooting out (mRikVu $ d)
mIirua % Springing up, arising: jumping up (mRiru)
mIirfr % To fly or rise up into the air: to spring upwards, to jump (mRir~)
mIikVsfr % To root out, tear out, tear off (mRikV;fr)
mIiFkks % Wrong road, error, sin (mRiFk)
mIifk % Arising, birth, production (mRifk)
mIihGsfr % To press together (mRihM)
mjCHkks % A ram (mjHkz)
mjpa % An iron wheel which forms an instrument of a torture in one of
the hells (mjl$ p)
mjPNnks % Mail armour (mj p n~)
mjxks % A snake; a Naga (mjx)
mj.kks % A ram (mj.k)
mjflykseks (adj) % Hairy - breasted
mjks] mja % The breast, chest (mjl~)
mjRFkya % The breast (mj%LFky)
m# (adj) % Large: excellent, eminent (m#)
m# % Sand
mQ# % Thigh (mQ#)
m#osyk % Name of a town in the Magadha country (m#foYok)
mlHka % A measure of twenty yatthis
mlHkks % A bull:name of one of the notes of the Hindu gamut: best,
eminent (at the end of a compound) name of a drug ("kHk)
mQljks (adj) % Saline (mQ"kj)
mQlok (adj) % Saline (mQ"k $ or~)
mlhjks $ ja % The fragrant root of andropogon Muricantum (m'khj)
mLek % Heat (m"eu~)
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o % See bo
ok (conj) % Or (ok)
opk % Orris root (opk)
okpk % Word saying; speech (okpk)
okpdks (adj) % Speaking, expressing (okpd)
okpkyks (adj) % Talkative (okpky)
opE;eks % A muni or Sage (opl~ $ ;e~)
opuk] ua % Recitation, reading, teaching, declaring (okpu)
opua % Speaking, saying, declaring; enjoying, injunction; advice; word,
speech, utterance, expression; sentence, passage, text (opu)
opuh;ks] okpkisfr % See ofk
oplk % See opks
okpfldks (adj) % Connected with speech, verbal (opl~ $ bd)
oplks (adj) % At the end of a compound a substitue for opl~ (opl)
oPpa % See oPpks
oPNdks % A calf (oRlda)
oPNyks (adj) % Affectionate (oRly)
oPNrjks % A bullock, steer (oRlrj)
oPNfr % See olfr
oPNk;uks] oPpkuks % A proper name (okRL;k;u~)
oPNks % a calf (oRl)
oPpks] oPpa % Lustre; form: excrement (opZl~)
okPpks] okpsfr % See ofk
oph % Speech, words (op~ $ bZ)
okfpda % News (okfpd)
okfprks % See ofk
opks % Speech, words, saying; advise, injunction, order (opl~)
okndks (adj) % Playing (music) (oknd)
onua % The mouth, the face; speech, utterance (onu)
oknua % Playing on a musical instrument, music (oknu)
onkuh;ks (adj) % Bountiful
onkq (adj) % Bountiful: affable (onU;)
D:\AMBEDKAR-13\PALIDIC-13\AMB-09 MK D.S. 5-10-2013 S.K.10-12-2013 391
fokqrk % Intelligence
fouksndks (adj) % Dispelling
fonksua % Dispelling, removal (fouksnu)
fouksnsfr % To dispel, put away, get rid of (fouksn;fr)
foiPpuhdks (adj) % Hostile (fo $ izR;uhd)
foiPpfr (pass) % To be cooked, scorch etc. (foiPprs)
foikpsfr % To work oneself upto indignation, to be indignant, angry,
annoyed (foikp;fr)
foiTtfr % (foin~)
To fail, to perish
foikdh (adj) % Having a result (foikfdu~)
foifD[kd (adj) % Opposite
foiD[kks (adj) % Opposite; hostile (foi{k)
foikdks % Result, product, consequence; good result, fruit, profit, reward;
evil result, retribution (foikd)
foiklks] % Reversal, change (foi;kZl)
foifj;klks
foiUuks % See foiTtfr
foijkekslks % High-way robbery
foijkokks % Reversed, changed (foijk&o`k)
foifj.kkesfr (caus) % To transform oneself
foifj.kkeks % Change, reverse
foifj.krks % Changed (fo&ifj&ur)
foijhrks % Reversed, opposite, contrary, different, changed; wrong false
(foijhr)
foifj;klks % See foiklks
foifj;;ks % Reversal, change (foi;Z;)
foiLldks (adj) % Contemplating; endowed with
foiLluk % Seeing clearly, spiritual insight
foiLlfr % To see clearly, to obtain spiritual insight (fon`'k~)
foiLlh (adj) % Seeing clearly, wise (fo $ i'p $ bu~)
foikrsfr (caus) % To crush (foikr;fr)
foikfrdk % An abscess on the foot (foikfndk)
foifk % Misfortune; failure (foifk)
foisD[kfr % To stare about (foizs{k~)
fofiua % A groove, wood (fofiu)
D:\AMBEDKAR-13\PALIDIC-13\AMB-09 MK D.S. 5-10-2013 S.K.10-12-2013 416
Y
;kpdks] ;kpudks % A beggar (;kpd] ;kpud)
;kpuk % Asking, begging (;kpuk)
;kpfr% To ask, beg, entreat (;kp~)
;n % See ;ks
;nk (adv) % When, whenever (;nk)
;nklUuks (adj) % Is One of the eleven descriptions of karma
;fn (indeel) % If (;fn)
;knh (adj) % Of which sort (;kn`'k~)
;fnPNk % Self-will, independence (;n`PNk)
;fnPNda % Whatever one wishes (;n~ $ bPN~d)
;fnfPNrks (adj) % Whatever is desired
;fnna (adj) % Namely, that is to say (;n~ $ bne~)
;kfnD[kks (adj) % Of what sort, like what or which (;kn`{k)
;kfnlks (adj) % Same as last (;kn`'k~)
;fnok % See ;fn
;X?ks (indecl) % An exclamation used in addressing a person
;kxks % A sacrifice (;kx)
;kxq % Rice gruel (;okxq)
;g (adv) % Where, wherever
;ktdks % A sacrificing priest (;ktd)
;tfr % To sacrifice, make an offering, to give alms (;t~)
;tua % Sacrifice (;tu)
;kft % An institutor of sacrifice (;kft)
;Ttsoa % See ;fn
;Ttq % The Yajurveda (;tql~)
;tqCcsnks % The Yajurveda (;tqosZn)
;dua % The liver (;r~)
;fD[kuh % A female yakkha (;f{kuh)
;D[kks % Name of a certain superhuman beings (;{k)
;a % See ;ks
;kedkfydks (adj) % Last for a watch (;ke $ dky $ bd)
;eda % A pair, a couple (;ed)
;edks % Double, twin (;ed)
;eya % A pair (;ey)
D:\AMBEDKAR-13\PALIDIC-13\AMB-09 MK D.S. 5-10-2013 S.K.10-12-2013 428
Addenda
vCHkkgrks % Afflicted
vfHk/kjsfr (caus) % To raise up aloft, to hold up
vfHknksfldks (adj) % Belonging to the evening
vfHktusfr (caus) % To call into existence, to produce
vfHk.glks (adv) % Frequently
vfHkfuCcqrks % Calmed
vfHkIifd..kks % Completely strewn or spread
vfHkIilUuks % Greatly pleased
vfHkjofr % To sound loudly
vfHklEHkoks % Meeting with, finding, getting
vfHklEcqT>ua % Attaining Buddhahood
vfHklUnfr % To trickle, flow
vfHkLlTtuk % Being angry
vfHkRFkqufr % To praise, laud
vfHkrqUuks % Struck down
vfHkoLlfr % To pour down
vfHkfoftufr % To conquer
vkHkwtua] vkHkwtks % Bending, turning
vHkwfe % Wrong place
vfpjV k;h (adj) % Of short duration
vqoks (adj) % Impermanent
vk/kjda % A seat, stool
vf/ikrsfr (caus) % To knock off, remove
vf/okguks (adj) % Carrying or conveying to
v/ksdrks (adj) % Knocked down, upset
v/ksfljks (adj) % Head downwards
vfnLlekuks (adj) % Invisible
vkxeuh;ks % That should be attained
vxkjh % A householder
vgsrqdks % One who does not believe in the cause, an infidel
vkgqfr % Offering, oblation
vkgw; % Having summoned
D:\AMBEDKAR-13\PALIDIC-13\AMB-09 MK D.S. 5-10-2013 S.K.10-12-2013 435
vtikyks % A goathered
vtjkejks (adj) % Free from decay and death
vT>k;dks (adj) % Engaged in study
vT>ksxgsfr % To plunge into, enter
vdkedks (adj) % Unwilling
vfD[kkks (adj) % Not blamed, not reviled, blameless
vV ks % Reviled, cursed
vkdksVfs r % To beat, knock
vyEefu;ks (adj) % Suitable for coition
veeks (adj) % Covetous, unselfish
vkeUruk % Taking leave
vkeksfnrks % Pleased, delightful
veks?kks (adj) % Unfailing, unerring
vufHkfT>rks (adj) % Not coveted
vufHkLljks (adj) % Not a master, powerless
vuxkjh vuxkfj;k % Homeless state
vkkrks (adj) % Undistinguished, unrecognised
vuisD[kks (adj) % Indifferent
vujgk % One who is not an Arhata
vukoVks (adj) % Unobstructed, unlimited
vukofk % Non-return
vfuV ks (adj) % Unpleasant
vkkrk % One who learns or understands
vkRFkka % Variation, contraiety
vuksokndks (adj) % Not listening to admonition, untutored
vUrda % Extremely, border
436
BLANK
BOOK II
PALI DICTIONARY
(into English Marathi, Gujarathi and Hindi)
BLANK
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
v % Used only as an inseparable
439
waste m/G] mMfo.ks
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
440
vdfuV ks $ % Greatest, Highest Fkksjyk] eksBk] mPp- mUur] eksVq] izkS<] tksjkoj] mapq] fo'kky] cMk- mPp] mapk
vdfuVdks
(adj) Js"B egku] foLr`.k izfrf"Br] Js"B
vdkfj;ks % That ought not to be done, u dj.ks] rs dsysys cjs_ u Fkoq tksf;;s] ug djuk pkfg;s]
441
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
442
vdqrkHk;ks % Quite safe fuHkZ;] fcu/ksd] lfglykeri.ks] lqjf{kr] Hk;jfgr
(adj) lqjf{kr fuHkZ;i.ks
vdqlyks % Unskilled, unable, bad, evil, vukMh] vMk.kh] vleFkZ] vdq'ky] v'kD;] ikih fcukpkrqjhds] vfuiq.krk]
443
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
444
vkslfr % To abuse, to revile f'kO;k ns.ks] unh.ks cnoksbZ djoh] unk djoh xkfy nsuk] cqjk dguk]
unk djuk
vD[knLlks % A judge U;k;k/h'k] ifj{kd] fuokMk U;k;k/h'k] dkth] equliQ] U;k;/h'k] ifj{kd] xq.knks"kK
445
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
446
vD[kkfr % To tell, to relate, to lkax.ks] fuon.ks] izfl dj.ks dgsoaq] t.kkoqa] o.kZu djoqa] dguk] crykuk] izdV djuk]
announce, to proclaim, to f'kdo.ksa] /ekZpk mins'k dj.ks] tkgsj djoqa_ izfl djoqa] izdkf'kr djuk] v;kiu
vD[kk;h % Telling, relating lkaxr vlysys] izfln gksr dgsooaq] t.kkooqa] tkgsj dgsuk] crykok
447
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
448
vxfr % Wrong course, civil vfurhpk ekxZ] v;ksX; % xfyr ekxZ% nq"V xfr vuqfpr xfr] (ekxZ)_ v;ksX;
(f) course, or state misfortune xSjf'kLr] okbZV xfr] [kjkc gkyr] nqHkkZX; dqekxZ % ufnr voLFkk]
449
a house holder, a layman rks Eg.kts x`gLFk x`gLFkh
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
450
vxkfj;ks % A house holder, a layman x`gLFk dqVqac dkfcykokyks ek.kla x`gLokeh] lkekU; vkneh
vxkfj;ks % A house holder, a layman x`gLFk x`gLFkkJeh tks x`gLFk
vXxtks % First born, eldest vkxz tUe] lokr ifgY;kank izFke tUesyqa] loZFkh eksVq vxyk iSnk gqok] tsBk (lcls
451
(adj) reached the height
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
452
vXxchtks % Propagated by ships or ijaijsusa pkyfo.ksa izpkj djoqa ijaijk c<kuk
(adj) cutting pk izlkj dj.ksa
vXxGks] vXxGa % A Wooden bolt or pin for ykdMh [khG] njoktk ?kV eksVks [khyks % njoktks lTtM vxZyk] njoktk tdMusdh
453
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
454
vfXxfu % Fire vfXu vfXu vfXu
(m)
v?ka % The sky : The air vkdk'k] okrkoj.k] gok vkdk'k] gok] ok;q vkdk'k] rq] ok;qeaMy
455
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
456
vX?kkisfr % To get valued or der Bjfo.ks der Bjkoh ewY; Bgjkuk
appraised
v.ka % A court, a yard, lust vax.k] ijlwa] okluk] r`".kk] vkax.kq] pkSd] yksHk] r`".kk] vkxu] ykylk] efyurk]
impurity, sin gko] v'kqrk] foVkG] iki] nqcqZf] vifo=krk] ikia] vifo=krk] ?kkrd] iki
vijk/] xqUgk] vijk/] dqdeZ] nqjkpkj.k] (nks"k] vijk/)
nq"deZ]
vfr % To go tk.ks] pky.ks] ljlko.ks pkyoq] toqa] fl/kooqa pyuk] tkuk] ?kqeuk] c<kuk
vna % A bracelet dad.k] ckaxMh] pqMk dax.k] caxMh] iksph] igqph] daxu] cktqa]
vuk % A woman L=kh] vaxuk L=kh] ukjh] efgyk] cSjh L=kh] ukjh] nklh- (psVh)
(f.)
457
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
458
vfoD[ksiks % Gesticulation gkoHkko] vaxfo{ksi] pkGk] gkoHkko] ps"Vk] gkoHkko
gkrokjs vfHku;] vaxps"Vk
vkjfudk;ks % Name of the fourth division lqkfiVdkP;k pkSF;k Hkkxkps lqkfiVduk pkSFkk Hkkxuq uke lqkfiVdds pkSFks fgLls
uko dk uke
459
a quality, attribute fo'ks"k xq.k/eZ
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
460
vrs;ks] % Two and half vMhp v<kbZ v<kbZ
vfr;ks
vfpjks % Short, brief rksdMk] vYi] ygku Vqdqa % FkksMqa % vYi] NksVk]
vPpfr % To offer, iwT; Hkkousus ns.ks] okg.ks] lwpooqa] nsoqa] ekx.kh djoqa] nke yxkuk]
to make religious offering : HkfDrHkkokusa viZ.k dj.ksa] /ked HkkoFkh iwtk djoh] HkfDr ls viZ.k djuk]
to honour, xkSjo dj.ks] eku ns.ks] bTtr o/kjoh] eku vkioqa izfr"Bk djuk] mikf/ nsuk]
to revere lRdkj dj.ks lRdkj djoks] iwtk djuk] lRdkj djuk]
vPpUrks % Exceeding, excessive, vf/d] tkLr] vfr'k;] cs'kqekj] csg] vf/d] vR;Ur]
(adj.) endless vuar] vikj vuar] gaes'kuqa] fujarj] vuUr%
vPpUra % Very exceedingly vR;ar ijkdk"Bspk] iq"dGjhrs vfr'k; vfr % vR;Ur %
(adv.) vfrfjDr] vfr'k;
vPpuk % Offering, viZ.k] iwtk] nsmQa dsysys] uSos|] HksV] viZ.k] viZ.k % cfy % iwtk %
vkjk/uk] mikluk vkjk/uk] iwtk vkjk/uk % mikluk %
461
(f.) worship
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
462
vPpuh;ks % That ought to be offered, viZ.k dj.;kyk;d
vPpfu;ks % worthy of being offered
vPpklUuk % Too great proximity vR;ar yxrpk] vR;ar lehirk] cgqr fudVrk]
463
eternal vukfn] 'kk or ges'kuqa] dk;e vuar] vukfn
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
464
vPpq.gks % Very hot vfr m".k] vfr'k; rkiV] ?k.kq /x/xrqa] rihtk; rsok cgksr m".k (xje)
(adj.) nq%lg gksbZy vls dj.ks fetktuqa] rkelh LoHkkouqa vfr ks/h
465
to rob, to plunder fNuko.ks] yqV.ks cGkRdkjiwoZd ybZ ysoqa Mkdk Mkyuk
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
466
vfPNks % Uninjured, lqjf{kr] v{kr] 'kkcwn] lghlyker] ?kko ;k pksV u yxk gqvk]
(adj.) intack, tlkpk rlk] vO;ax] lkcqn] v[kaM] fuiq.k]
vtka % A portent of nature vfu"V lwpd ?kVuk vfu"V lwpd ?kVuk v'kqHk y{k.kdh ?kVuk
467
(m.)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
468
vftja % A court, jktdpsjh] jkT; eafnj jktx`g]
a yard vax.k] iVkax.k pksd] vax.k jktlHkk] vakxu
vTtrXxs % From this day, ;sFkwu iq<s] gos iNh] vkt iNh] vcls]
bFk%ij Hkfo";ek blds ckn
469
intent thought
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
470
vT>Hkkfl % See vf/Hkklfr
vT>kxrks % Having approached, come toG tk.ks] ikls toqa] lkes toqa] lehi tkuk]
vT>kjksisfr % To cause, to ascend, vkjksgu dj.ks]a oj tk.ks]a p<ooq] maps toqa] vk:< djuk] c<kuk]
471
to invite ikpkj.ks ;kpuk] vkea=k.k vkioqa fuea=k.k djuk] fuosnu
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
472
vT>sluk % Request, vtZ] fouarh] fouarh] ekx.kh] vkea=k.k] izkFkZuk] bPNk]
(f.) Invitation, vkea=k.k] ;kpuk] ekuFkh cksykoq rs] fourh] fuea=k.k]
473
(adv.) truly
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
474
vkekua % Mutually, towards, ,desdkal] vjl ijl fjrs] vkil vkiles] ijLij] vU;ksuds
(adv.) each other ijLijkaP;k }kjs vkilek] vU;us rjiQ fo"k;esa] ijLij laca/es
475
(adj.) different from fujkGk] fHkUu fofo/ vU;] fHkUu
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
476
vkkskks % Mutual vU;ksU;] ijLijkapk] vkil vkiluqa] ijLij] vU;ksU;
(adj.) ,desdkapk vanj vanjuq
477
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
478
vUrelks % Even likV] lkj[kk] lkiQ] likV] lj[kqa] pkSjl] le] Hkh
(adj.) ,d lkj[kk] le] 'kkar flkqa
479
(P.P.P.) vkPNkfnr xqIr] <kadsyqa fNik gqok
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
480
vUrjhia % An island csV] }hi csV] Vkiw] }hi Vkiw] }hi
vUrjh;a % An under garment vUrjh;] vaxkcjkscjps oL=k] Hkhrjuqa diMqa Hkhrjh iks'kkd
vUrsiqfjdks % Belonging to a royal harem jaxegsyk yxrpk jktkuaq tuku[kkuuqa yxruqa jktkds vUr%iqj yxrdk
481
vUrksdIiks % See dIiks
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
482
vUrksx/ks % Contained in, lekuoqa] eoMkooqa] j[kuk] /juk] yisVuk]
(adj.) being among lekos'k djoks] /kj.k djoqa] cjkcj gksuk] chp esa]
vfnfr % The mother of Gods vkfn iq#"kkaph tuuh ijekRekuh ek] nsorkvksdh ekrk]
483
(adj.) feeding on pkj.ksa [kojkooaq ikyuk
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
484
vnks % Eating, feeding on vkgkj] iks"k.k] ikyu teoqa] [kkoqa [kkuk] f[kykuk] ikyuk-
(Adj.) Hkj.k & iks"k.k djoqa
485
jhrs
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
486
vkua % A road, a long distance, ekxZ] okV] nh?kZ varj] ykacpk jLrks] ekxZ] LFkG cPpsuq ekxZ] jkLrk] nwj rd]
a long time ik] iQkj vof/] nh?kZ dkG yacq varj] ?k.kks le; rd Hksn] fpjdky rd
487
(fuokMk dj.ks) fLFkj djuk
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
488
vf/dj.kh % A smiths quvil yksgkjkpk ,sj.k yqgkjuks ,sj.k yksgkjdh fugkbZ
(f.)
489
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
490
vf/V gfr] % To stand on : fr"Vr mHkk jkg.ks] mHkk jgsoqa] okl djoks] fLFkj jguk] jksduk]
vf/V kfr] to stay is remain firm in, fLFkjko.ks] usVkus fVd.ks] el jgsoqa] oloqa Bksl jguk] fuokl djuk]
491
master ekyd egkjktkf/jkt xq#
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
492
vf/iUuks % Caught, /jysyk] idMysyk] idMh ysoqa] idMk gqoka
(P.P.P.) seized, fgjkoysyk] >Mioqa] Nhu yh;k gqoka
493
confidence, faith fo okl Jk
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
494
vf/eqkks % Inclined, disposed, >qdysyk] izo`k] oy.kokGqa] >qdk gqvk] fuxzg]
(P.P.P.) intent upon, resolved for eXu] fuxzg] fu p; fu p;h fuf pr
vf/oklsfr % To consent, to assent, ekU; dj.ks] Lohdkj.ks] dcqy djoqa] laefr vkioh] Lohdkjuk]
to comply with, to bear with, laHkkG.ks] okxo.ks] Lohdkj djoqa] laHkkG djoks% lEefr nsuk]
495
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
496
v/hrks % Learned, read, tk.krk] fo}ku] fo}ku] i<syks] i<k] fy[kk] fo}ku
having learned or read v;;uh] i<hd] okpysyk tk.kdkj
497
uneulightened vcks/] vlqlaLr izdk'kghu] vKku va/sjk] Kkughu
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
498
vU/ks % Blind vka/Gsi.kk] va/Ro] va/] va/Gq va/k] va/dkje;
(Adj.) vfopkj
vu?kks % sinless, blameless, funksZ"k] fu"dyad] fujijk/h] fu"dyad] fujnks"k funksZ"k] fu"dyad]
499
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
500
vukks % Without individuality, [kksVk] f=ke] LoRo ul.ks] izR;sdrk oxjuq] vkRekfHkeku fcuk]
(Adj.) unreal O;fkQRo f'kok; vlR;] [kksVq vlkj
vuf/dks % Without additions or vukf/dk] vfrjsd vFkok o/kjk iMrq u gks;] vf/drk ugha]
501
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
502
vuIiks % Much, great, egku] Fkksj] eksVk] ?k.kq] o/kjs] egku] cgqr] vR;ar cMk]
(Adj.) numerous, many foiqy] cgqr] iq"dG eksVqa] iq"dG] cgq Lrwy] vusd
vufj;ks % Not noble, vdqyhu] v;ksX;] vdqyhu] vizkS<] [kkunku vadqyhu] vf'k"V]
503
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
504
vuojra % Incessantly lrrpk] fujarj fujarj] lrr] fuR;] lrr
(Adv.)
vukxrks % Not come, vkxeu u >kysyk] uks vkoh igksaP;k] u vk;k gqok
;s.kkjk] Hkkoh vkxeu u Fk;syqa] (vkusokyk)
505
(Adj.)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
506
vfHkT>k % Covetousness (vfHk;k)
vf/opua % Designation, appellation, funsZ'k] gqk] inoh] ukao inoh] gqk inoh] uke] (fpUg) mikf/
507
(vfHktu)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
508
vfHktkukfr % To know, to learn, to
ascertain :
vfHkflkks % Besprinkled
509
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
510
vpsruks % Unconscious, Senseless csgks"k ewPNkZ] cs'kq csgks"k] cslqn csgks"k
(adj.)
(v $ }s"k)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
511
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
512
vfPNUnfr % To take away, to remove, fglkdkowu ?ks.ksa] yqV.ksa
(adj) to rob, plundes (vk $ fNn~)
vf/oklsfr % To cousent to, comply with, eku.ksa] Lohdkj.ksa] Lohdkjuk] ekuuk] Hkksxuk]
513
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
514
vPpuh;ks $ % Worthy of being offered oanuh;] iwT;
fu;ks (vpZuh;)
(vfnfr)
vkfnrks % From the beginning : fire lqjokr] ifgY;kiklwu] vkjaHk vkjaHk] me] ifgysls
(adv)
vkfnlfr % To show, to point out, funs'Z k.ks] lkax.ks orkoqa] dsgda fn[kykuk] crykuk
to tell (vk $ fn'k~)
vfPNUuks % Taken away, removed nwj us.ks
stolen
515
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
516
vPNfj;ks % Wonderful : astonished vk p
;Z vk p
;Z vtc
(adj) marvellous (vk p
;Z)
517
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
518
vfHkks;ks % That ought to be known
(adj) (vfHk $ Ks; $ Kk)
vnks % Eating, feeding on tso.ksa] iksV Hkj.ksa teoqa] tekMoqa [kkuk] f[kykuk
519
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
520
vPp/kua % Putting upon
(adj) (vfr $ vk $ /k $ ua)
(vk $ pj)
vpkeks % Scum of boiling rice f'kt.kk;k Hkkrkojph [kG
(vkpke) Hkkrkph [kjoM
vpyks % Firm, steady, immovable v<G] fLFkj] fu p;h
(adj) (v $ py)
vkpeua % Rinsing the mouth, xqG.kh dj.ksa] pqG Hkj.ksa] dksxGk djoqa] /qoq dksxGka djuk] /ksuk
(adj) washing, cleansing /q.ksa
(vkpeu)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
521
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
522
vfu;ks % Lasting, going on continuing fVdkmQ] fpjLFkk;h VdkmQ Vduk
(adj) (vou~ $ ;)
523
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
524
vkfnczEgpfj;a % Fundamental morality as
(adj) opposed to the details of
vknks % A locative of
525
(adj)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
526
vk % A Road ; distance : time ekxZ] vof/] dkG] varj ekxZ] c[kr~ jkLrk] o[kr~
(adj) (vou~)
527
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
528
vfHkHkkflrks % Illumined
(vfHk $ Hkkl)
529
(adj)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
530
vknklks $ % A mirror vkjlk f'klk vk;uk] f'klk
(vkn'kZ)
531
(vf/)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
532
v/kseq[kks % Looking downwards, with
(adj) head bent down
533
(v $ Hko)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
534
vHk;ks % Fearless vHk;
(adj) (v $ Hk;)
535
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
536
vfHklEcqks % Perfectly known,
enlightened
537
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
538
vfHkiwtsfr % To offer, to present with
(vfHk $ iwt~)
539
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
540
vCcqna % One of the high numerals
followed by fifty-six ciphers :
(vfHk $ e~)
vfHkfuoslk % Adhering to : inclination to
(vfHkfuos'k)
vfHkfufolfr % To settle down : to devote
oneself to
(vfHk $ fu $ fo'k~)
vfHkfulhnfr % To sit down
(vfHk $ fu $ ln~)
vfHkykoks % Cutting, reaping
(vfHkyko)
v/e..kks % A debtor ns.ksdjh] .kdksa
(v/e.kZ)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
541
(vfHkyki)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
542
vkck/ks % Illness, sickness disease vktkj fcekjh fcekjh
(vkck/)
543
(vfHk $ LFkku)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
544
vkfpufr % To heap up, to accumulate laxgz dj.ksa Hksxq djoqa ,dB k djuk
vkfpD[kfr % To tell, to announce : tkghj dj.ksa
545
request (vfHk $ ;kp~)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
546
vfHk;ksxks % Charge, accusation vkjksi
vfHkUrks % Withered, exhausted
547
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
548
vfHkkk % Higher Knowledge,
Supernatural knowledge or
vfHkeqnk % Joy
549
danger (v $ Hk;)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
550
vHkwrks % That has not been that is
(adj) not false (v $ Hkwr Hkw)
551
(vfHkyk"k)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
552
vfHkrks % Near, in the presence of,
(adv) on both sides (vfHkrl~)
553
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
554
vukFkfif.Mdks % Feeds the poor. Surname of xksjxfjckauk iksl.kkjk] vUu xfjc ek.kluks Hkj.k iks"k.k xfjc vkSj nqcZy yksxksa dks
vuknkuks % Free from attachment or vklDrh ulysys] vuklkQh vuklfkQ] vfuPN vuqjkx flok; (vuklkQh)
555
(adj.) attachment
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
556
vukoV}kjrk % Not closing the door against lqxe] lqyHk] lgt] lo/j] lqxerk] lxoMrk] mnkj- izos'k] lehi] igqap] ekxZ]
(f.) another accessibility, mnkj] gkrkpk lqVk mnkj] nkuh-
557
(adj.)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
558
vfuLlrks % Uncertain lafnX/] fcuHkajo'kkpk] lk'kad] vfuf pr] vpkSdl vfuf'pr] lafnX/]
(adj.) doubtful la'k;kLin] vfuf'pr 'kdfoukuqa lansg ;qkQ] Li"V
vuqa % After, under : less than : for : R;ks iNhuaq ikNG] iNh ihNs vuqlj.kesa] ckn esa
559
lsok djuk] izca/ djuk-
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
560
vuqcU/ks % Uninterrupted succession : vVdkooaq ugha ca/ ikMoq vck;] fufo?u] vHkax]
consequences. ugha e vuqe gkj ,d vuqe] ijEijk Js.kh iafkQ
vusd/k % In many ways vusdnk] vusd ekxZ] ?k.kk ekxZ] fn'kk] iaFk- loZFkk] cgqr ekxZ]
561
xSjoktoh
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
562
vusGewxks % Not deaf or dumb eqdk vFkok cfgjk ulysyk csgs:a djoq&cukooqa] eqaxq cfgjk] xqxk (eqdk)]
(adj.) okpk foukuqa] okd~ 'kfkQ fgu-
vUuk % A mother vkbZ] ekrk] tuuh] ek] ekrk] eknj- tuuk] ekrk-
563
(adj.)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
564
vCcqna % One of the high numerals 10]000]000
10,000,000
565
(adj.)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
566
vfHk[;k % Name, dhfrZ] dhfrZ]
(f.) beauty, lkSan;Z] 'kksHkk] 'kksHkk]
567
(adj.)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
568
vfHkkk % Having known, become Kku vlysyk] ekfgrxkj] let.k]
(gen.) cognisant of : okdcxkj- tk.khraq] okds#a
569
the end of the 12th century.
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
570
vfHk/kua % Name : appellation : noun ukae] ukao] laKk] dhr uke] laKk] dhr] vfHk/ku
vfHk/h;fr % To be declared, izdkf'kr dj.ks] fuosnu dj.ks] tgsj djoqa] lkiQ dgsoaq
571
supernatural power
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
572
vfHkfufEeua % Creating mRifk] mRiUu dj.ks] mRifk
fuekZ.k dj.ks iSnk djoaq
573
defeat ijkHko dj.ks] ijkt;-
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
574
vfHkHkk;rua % Place or region of the
vanquisher
fof/] xkaHkh;Z]
xkaHkh;Z /ked fof/
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
575
vk{ksi dj.ks yMoaq /kok djuk
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
576
vfHk;ksxks % Charge : vkjksi] vkjksi] rksger] vke.k]
accusation gYyk] lksisyq dke] lkSaiuk]
577
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
578
vfHk:gua % Ascending : p<.ks] mn; gks.ks] p<oqa] mn; Fkoks]
mounting vk:< gks.ks lokj Fkoq]
579
d:u dq'ky iz u dj.ks- HksVoqa
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
580
vfHkfot;fr] % To overcome, t; feGfo.ks] ijkHko dj.ks] throqa] o'k djoqa
vfHkfotsfr % to conquer td.ks] gLrxr dj.ks gjkooqa] iQksg esGooh
581
drZO;s] fdjdksG dkes
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
582
vfHklesfr % To penetrate, comprehend, vFkZHksn] eeZHksn dj.ks] vFkZ xzg.k djoks]
gain a full knowledge of let.ks] vkdG.ks] laiw.kZ leth ysoqa] ;kueka ysoqa]
vfHkLloua % Flowing : dripping okg.kkjk] izokg] Vid.kkjk izokg] Vhiq Vhiq xGoqa
583
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
584
vfHkla;qrks % Fitted out : lTt] lTt] rS;kj Fk;syk]
(P.P.P.) equipped : ltoysyk] r;kj] yk;d yk;d djsyk
585
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
586
vCHkuqeksnua % Rejoicing: vkuan vkuan] [kq'kkyh] vkuan]
(n.) thausgiring : mRlo] vkHkkj mRlo] /U;okn /U;okn nsuk]
587
has been degraded
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
588
vCHkksdklks % Open space eksdGh tkxk [kqyh tX;k [kqyh tkxk
vCHkksfj.ka % Covering : >kd.k] vkPNkn.ks] <kad.k] vks<kMoqa <duk] vks<uk]
589
vura-
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
590
vera % Neetar or Ambrosia, ve`r ve`r ve`r-
drink of the Gods
vek % With, present with, toG] uthd] iklsuq] uthduq] lehirq] lkFks lehi] fudV] ikles]
591
(adj.) Secondary
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
592
veqrks % See eqrks
(adj.)
593
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
594
vEcq/jks % A cloud vHkz] es?k] <x cknyq] uHk] VksGq es?k] ckny] ?kVk
vEcqfu/h % Sea, ocean leqnz] lkxj] n;kZ leqnz] nfj;ks] egklkxj lkxj] leqnz
vEek % Mother vkbZ] ekrk] tuuh ek] eknj] ekr` ekrk] ek] tuuh
595
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
596
vyrks % Adorned, decorated, vyar] 'kksHkk;qkQ lktjk] 'kksfHkoar] 'k.kxkjsyq lq'kksfHkr cuk;k gqok] ltk
embellished Hkw"kfoysyk gqok] vyar fd;k gqok
597
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
598
vfyUnks % A terrace or Verandah vksVk] xPph] ekGon vxklh] /kcq] vksVyks pcqrjk] cjkenk
outside a house pksrjks
vgra% A new cloth or garment, uohu oL=k iLr] diMk iks'kkd] ycknk
vgegfedk % Conceit of superiority, vgadkj] mV] ex:j vfHkeku] vgadkj] vgadkj] xoZ] vfHkeku]
(f.) arrogance, eqosim vgark vgaHkko LokFkZ
vgegfedk % Conceit of superiority, vgadkj] eksBsi.kkpk mijhi.kuks] vfHkeku] iz/kurk dk vgadkj]
(f.) arrogance, eqosim vf/dkj] vgai.kk vgadkj] vgaHkko xoZ] LokFkZ] vkReokn
vgg % Alas ! Oh ! gk; gk; gk;] viQlksl gk;] vkg vksg
(Interg.) vksg] vjs
vgga % One of the high numerals,
10,000,000
599
(adj.) prejudicial
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
600
vfgfjdk % Shamelessness cs'kjei.kk cs'kjei.kw fuyZTtrk
(f.)
601
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
602
vkdfr % To wish, to desire, to long bfPN.ks] yqC/ gks.ks] vfHkyk"kk jk[koh] bPNoqa] ykylk djuk] yksHk djuk
for [karko.ks Li`gk djoh ;k pkguk
vkdklks % The sky, air, heavens, vodk'k] vkdk'k] vkLeku] vkdk'k] LoxZ] tUur vkdk'k] LoxZ] ijes oj
the open space in air LoxZ] ijyksd
vkfdka % Poverty, destitution, nkfjnz] xfjch] fgurk] nfjnzrk] daxkyh] nfjnzrk] fu/Zurk] nhurk]
nothingness, void vHkko] fjdkeh] fjrk] fujk/kji.kq raxh] vHkko] vHkko] fujkJ;rk] fu/Zurk
iksdG] fujFkZd 'kwU;rk] Fkkyq] 'kwU; vHkko] 'kwU;rk] 'kwU;] fgu]
fjkQ
vkfdkk;rua % The Realm of nothingness vHkkokps jkT; 'kwU;rkuq jkT; vHkko] jkT; izns'k
vkfd..kks % Crowded confused troubled xnhZ vlysyk] Bspwu HkhM] xnhZ] xHkjkooqa] HkhM HkkM dk HkzeiwoZd]
Hkjysyk] xksa/Gysyk] eq>aooq] eq'kdsyh ek O;kdwyrklsa] d"V nsuk
?kkcjysyk] btk dj.ks ;k gksuk
vkfdjfr % To scatter, to sprinkle iljfo.ks] m/G.ks] osjoqa] Hkejkooqa] NkVoq iQSykuk] fc[ksjuk]
603
'kiM.ks] 'krkM.ks fNMduk] /ksuk
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
604
vkdqfrks % Bent, curved okdMk] >qdysyk] okd ykGqa] oGsyq] ckdq >qdk gqok] ckdk gqok]
(P.P.P.) rksyysyk] oGysyk rs<k] ?kqek gqok
vkxPNfr % To come, to approach, ;s.ks] toG tk.ks] iksgksp.ks] toq] ikls toqa] tkoh tkuk] lehi tkuk]
605
in, existing in, found in vfLrRokar ;smQu] LFkkiwu vfLrRo /jkooqa] LFkkiooqa fLFkj djds
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
606
vkxeua % Coming, arriving, return, ijr ;s.ks] iqujkxeu] ikls toqa] uthdek toqa] lehi tkuk] okil tkuk]
approach iksp.ks ikNq nsoqa pqduk
vkxEe % Having, arrived, having tkmQu] ;sowu] P;k }kjs] uk Fkh] eryc Fkh] otg ls] izdkjls] okLrs]
607
(Adj.)
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
608
vkxkja % A house, a building, ?kj] x`g] bekjr] [kksyh] ?kj] edku] fuokl] bekjr] edku] Hkou] dksBh]
an apartment, a hall nkyu vksjMks] dksVMh] fnoku[kkuqa dejk] nkyku
vk/krqdks % Injuring, hurting nq[kkir dj.kkjk] oxkMoqa] btk djoh] nqljsdks vik; nsuk
609
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
610
vkfpD[kfr % To tell, to announce, lkax.ksa] tkghj dj.ksa] tkgsj djoqa] [kcj vkioh] crykuk] fuosnu djuk]
to point out, to show n'kZfo.ksa] nk[ko.ksa] lqpo.ksa] dgsoqa] ns[kkMoqa izdV djuk] fn[kykuk
tkft % Battle or strife y<kbZ] ;q] >ksach] y<kbZ] ;q] dTtks] raVks ;q] laxzke] dyg
611
lkk] vf/dkj] v[oR;kj
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
612
vk.kkiua % Ordering, commanding gqdwe lksM.ksa] vkKk ns.ksa gqdwe] vkKk] iQekZu vkKk nsuk] iQjekuk
gqdwer pykooh] gqdwe
vknkfr] % To take, to receive, ?ks.ksa] Lohdkj.ksa] vaxhdkj.ksa] yscq] Lohdkjoqa] cyRdkjs ysuk] Lohdkjuk] Nhu ysuk]
613
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
614
vkfnrks % From the beginning, first lqjokr iklwu] vk| iwoZ] vkjaHkFkh] igsyqa] vk| vkjEHkls] vkxyk izFke
(Adj.) eq[;
vknhuoks % Distress, suffering, evil O;Fkk] nq%[k] ds'k] nq%[k] ihMk] nq"V ifj.kke] ds'k] ihMk] nq%[k] iq"ifj.kke]
615
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
616
vkf/dkfjdks % An official vf/dkjh] dkexkj] geky vf/dkjh] dpsjhek dke vf/dkjh] deZpkjh]
office bearer. (dpsjhr dke dj.kkjk) djok okyks nwr x`g dke djusokyk ukSdj-
617
yk;dh] ;ksX;rk iq.; /eZ iQG cnyks izfriQy] nf{k.kk] Js"Brk
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
618
vkuqHkkook % Possessing jk[koaq gksoaq] dctkek jk[koaq] vf/dkj j[kuk] /kj.k djuk]
(Adj.) power, ekyhd gksoaq] Hkxooaq] 'kfkQ] izkIr djuk iw.kZ djuk] 'kfkQ
vkuqHkkoks % Dignity, euuh eksVkbZ izfr"Bk izrki egRo izrki xkSjo (izfr"Bk)
authority, izHkko lkk vf/dkj 'kfkQ (izHkqRo) vf/dkj
powers, v[kR;kj lkk 'kfkQ tksj] izHkko izek.k izoh.k euq";
might cG dkSor] vf/dkj vey 'kfkQ lkeF;Z ;ksX;rk
supernatural power, tksj cG 'kfkQ rkdkn foHko izHkqRo vf/dkj
efficacy nsorkbZ vlk/kj.k vykSfdd 'kfkQ cy ijke lkeF;Z
'kfkQ lkk vf/dkj xq.k vykSfdd vn~Hkqr 'kfkQ
cG vlj izHkko izHkko vk/dkj ;ksX;rk
izHkko (lkeF;Z) xq.k
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
619
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
620
vkckf/dks % Affected with illness : vktkjh] v;ksX;] vktkjh] ekanq] vlE;] chekjh] cqjk]
(Adj.) ill, sick jksxh] vLoLFk] ohV] ekBqa] vLoLFk] vLoLFk
vkHkqtfr % To bend to, yoo.ksa] oGo.ksa] okad ns.ksa] okdoaq] oGoaq] iQsjooaq] >qdkuk] ?kqeuk] eksMuk]
621
to call
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
622
vke;ks % Sickness, ill-health jksx] fofr] O;kf/] eka/q % ekanxh % vLoLFk] jksxh]
to greet vktkj] nq[k.ks vktkjh i.kq % cqjk] O;kf/
vkyifr % To speak to, cksy.ksa] on.ksa] cksyoaq] dgsoaq] cksyuk] O;k[;ku djuk]
623
vkyLla
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
624
vkykua % A stake or post to which gkhyk cka/.;klkBh [kqaVh
an elephant is tied
vkyqyfr % To agitate, to disturb, [koG.ksa] pGoG dj.ksa] ?kkcjs gykooaq] ?kcjkooaq] m"dsjoaq] fgykuk] gypy epkuk]
625
(caus.) jumbled up together
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
626
vkyksGsfr % To mix, to shoke or stir felG.ksa] HksG.ksa] gyfo.ksa] HksGooaq] esGooaq] gykooaq] feykuk] la;qkQ djuk] fefJr
together, to jumble, to <oG.ksa] xksa/G] /kany.ksa] mBkooaq] ?kkyesy djoh] djuk] mdlkuk] fgykuk]
vkgVks % Brought, carried, obtained vk.kysyk] usysyk] ykooaq] miMh yh/syaq] yk;k gqok] feyk;k gqok]
627
(Marathi) (Gujarathi) (Hindi)
628
vkgjks % Bringing vk.k.ks ykooaq] ybZ vkoaq ykuk] ysuk
(Adj.)
629
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BOOK III
PALI GRAMMAR
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Section 1
ALPHABETS or o.kZ 41
o.kZfopkj (Orthography)
1. (i) ljk (Loj in Sanskrit) or Vowels in Pali are eight in number viz :
v a, vk a, b i, bZ i, m u, mQ u, , e, vkS o. Out of these v] b] m are short
or jLl (:gLo)] and vk] bZ] mQ are long or nh?k (nh?kZ)_ , and vks are
diphthongs.
(ii) Consonants or C;atuk are Thirty-three :-
(a) d ka; [k kha; x ga; ?k gha; na (doXxks)
p ch; N cha; t ja; > jha; k na (ooXxks)
V ta; B tha; M da; < dha; .k na (VoXxks)
r ta; Fk tha; n da; / dha; u na (roXxks)
i pa; iQ pha; c ba; Hk bha; e ma (ioXxks)
; ya; j ra; y la; o va; l sa; g ha; G la;
(b) The above consonants are classified into two categories hard and soft.
(i) The last three consonants in each group and ;] j] y] o] g and G together
are the twentyone soft consonants.
(ii) The first two consonants in each group and l together are the eleven hard
consonants.
(iii) ] k] .k] u] e are nasal
(iv) la;qDr O;atu % Conjunct Consonants.
kka; D[k kkha; D; kya; f kri; d] Do kva:
[; khya; [o khva; Xx gga; X?k ggha; xz gra;
] ~d nka; ] ~[k nkha; ] ~x nga; ] ~?k ngha;
Pp cca; PN ccha; Tt] jja; T> jjha; k nna; g nha;
p] nca; N ncha; t] t nja; > njha; V tta;
V ttha; M dda; M ddha; ..k nna; .V nta; .B ntha;
.M ndha; k tta; RFkk ttha; Ro tva; =k tra; dda;
ddha; nz dra; } dva; o dhva; Ur nta; UFk ntha;
Un nda; U/ ndha; Uu nna; Ug nha; Ii ppa; IiQ ppha;
Cc bba; CHk bbha; C; bya; cz bra; Ei mpa; EiQ mpha;
Ec mba; EHk mbha; Ee mma; Eg mha; ; yya;
g yha; Yy] lla; Y; lya; Yg lha; Og vha; Ll ssa;
Le sma; Lo sva; hma; hva; Gg lha.
(iii) vuqLokj or fuXxfgrk i.e - ez pronounced as vga and written as Ahan.
(iv) folxZ (%)
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(v) There are no vowels ] ] ] ] ,s and vkS nor are there the consonants
'k and "k in Pali. l substitutes 'k and "k in Pali.
(v) All Pali words end with vowels, e.g.:
nf.Mu~ = n.Mh in Pali.
An inherent v is present in all consonants.
2. Pronounciation; p] t] and > are respectively pronounced as in pgk]
f>Eek and >dkl-
3. Mode of writing certain words.
xaxk xk iafMr if.Mr yi fyEi
iap i va/ vU/
4. Mode of writing numbers.
,dkf/da lra_ ,dkqj lra
vV folfr f}lra
ohlfr vf/d lra
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Section 2
Hkk"kkfu;e (Rules of Change)
(A) Vowel Changes :
1. is changed to, v] b] m] e.g. :
(i) ?k`r ?kr (Ghee); r dr (done); x`g xg (house) e`r er (dead).
(ii) f"k bfl_ f bf_ /`fr f?kfr (courage)_ e`x fex (deer)
(iii) rq mrq_ tq mtq (straight); "kHk mlHk (an ox); o`"kHk cqlHk (ox)
2. v is changed to b] m] ,] vk-
(i) panzek pfUnek
(ii) vlw;k mlw;k (hatred)
(iii) ,d'k;k ,dl;k
(iv) vydk vkydk
3. vk is changed to v] m-
laektZuh lEeqTtuh (broom)
4. b is changed to m] ,] v-
(i) b"kq mlq (arrow): b{kq mNq (Sugarcane)
(ii) fu"kkn uslkn_ foe; oseT>
(iii) i`fFkoh iBoh
5. m is changed to v] b] vks-
(i) xq# x#
(ii) iq:"k iqfjl
(iii) izkeq[; ikeksD[k_ 'kq.Mk lks.Mk (Trunk) :
6. , is changed to vks-
}s"k nksl
7. ,s is changed to ,] b-
oS'kk[k oslk[k
,so;Z bLlfj; (riches)
8. vks is changed to m-
gks=k gqk (offerings to god)
9. vkS is changed to vks] m] vk] v-
(i) vkS"k/ vksl/
(ii) ekSfkQd eqfkd_ vkSRlqD; mRlqd
(iii) xkSjo xkjo (respect)
(iv) lkSE; lEe (friend)
10. The visarga (:) preceded by v is changed to m after v and is dropped after other
vowels e.g. :
cqk% cqk_ efr% efr_ oJw lLlw
(B) Consonantal Changes :
I. (i) d changed to [k
dhy [kky (nail)_ 'kqud lqu[k
(ii) x changed to d & rMkx rGkd (bottom)
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Section 3
'kCnfopkj (Etymology)
Parts of speech :
In pali there are eight parts of speech as in English though the Pali
Grammarians do not classify them in the same way. Their general classifi-
cation is :
I. Nouns (uke) : This group includes substantives, pronouns and adjec-
tives. Pronouns are simple pronouns when they stand alone in a sentence,
and admit of all genders as they stand for every person or thing which are
in different genders. Pronouns become adjectives when they qualify other
nouns. Pronouns have no vocative forms. Adjectives in Pali are treated like
nouns because they take all the inflections of the nouns and are declinable.
Almost all pronouns become adjectives when they are used before a substan-
tive of the same gender, number and case. As the adjectives qualify nouns,
which are of different genders and numbers, they must agree with their
substantives in gender, number and case.
Nouns are divided into five classes, viz. :
(i) ukeuke Substantives and proper nouns (includes common, proper and
abstract nouns).
(ii) lCcuke Pronouns.
(iii) lekluke Compound nouns formed by combination of two or more
words. e.g. jktiqk.
(iv) ifruke Derivatives from nouns or Secondary Derivatives are
formed from a substantive or a primary derivative (verbal derivative)
by adding another suffix to it. e.g. ukok (ship) $ bdk (in the meaning
of engaged) ukfod (sailor).
(v) fdrduke Verbal derivatives otherwise called Primary Derivative, are
formed from the verbal root itself by adding suffixes. e.g. nk (To giver)
$ (vd nk;d (giver); uh (to lead) $ rq usrq (leader). About 75% of Pali
nouns are derived from Sanskrit.
A. As in English, in Pali there are three genders and two numbers.
(i) Gender (yx) (i) Masculine iqf
(ii) Feminine bfRFkf
(iii) Neuter uiql
a df
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WORDS IN GROUPS
II. Nouns (uke) : Nons in the following groups are shown with their
nominative singular endings in order to help the student in finding their
respective genders. The words ending in O are masculine; most of those
ending in a (vk) are feminine : those ending with N (vuqLokj) are neuter.
The adjectives are given in their stems with the figure 3 after them, in order
to indicate that they should be declined according to the gender number and
case of their substantives. Neutral nouns are shown by nt.
1. Human Beings, euqLlk
Boy, nkjdks] dqekjks Miser, yqks] ePNjh
Brahman, czk.kks Mystic, ;ksxh (m)
Cripple, ihBlEih (m) Monk, eqfu] le.kks
Dwarf, okeuks Nun, le.kh] fHkD[kq.kh (f)
Enemy, vfj] likks Nurse, /krh (f)
Eunuch, i.Mdks Old-man, egdks
Fool, ckyks] eqgks Old-woman, egfdk
Friend, fekks Prince, jktiqkks
Girl, nkfjdk] dqekjh Princess,, jkt/qrk
Hermit, rkilks Queen, jkftuh] egslh (f)
Infant, Fkuiks Servant, lsodks
King, jktk] Hkwifr (m) Warrior, [kfk;ks
Lord, lkeh] vf/ifr (m) Widow, fo/ok
Low-caste-man, p.Mkyks Widower, erHkfj;ks
Maiden, ;qorh] r#.kh (f) Wise man, if.Mrks
Man, iqfjlks] euqLlks Woman, bRFkh] ofurk] ukjh
Master, lkeh] iHkw (m) Young man, r#.kks] ;qok (m)
Millionaire, ls h (m) Young woman, r#.kh] ;qorh (f)
3. Relations, tkrdk
5. Victuals, vkgkjk
Barley, ;oks Liquor, (distilled) lqjk
Bean, eklks (Fermented), esj;a
Beaf, xksel
a a Meat, eal_a
Beverage, ikua Dried meat, oYywja
Bread, xks/qeiwiks Essence of meat, ealjlks
Butter, uksuhra Milk, [khja
Butter-milk, rkd Molasses, iQ.khra
Clearified butter, ?kra Mustard, flRFkks
Cake, iwoks_ iqiks Mutton, ,Gdeala
Candy, [k.Mks Oil, rsya
Chillies, efjpa Onion, iy.Mq (m)
Coffee, dkWiQh (f) Paddy, ohgh (m)
Corn, /ka Pepper, dksyda
Cummin-seed, thjda Pork, lwdjeala
Curd, nf?k (nt) Rice, r.Mqya_
Curry, O;kua Rice-boiled, vksnuks_ Hkka
Curry-stuffs, dVqdHk.Ma Rice-gruel, ;kxq (f)
Drink, ikuda Salad, mkfjHkks_ lkyoks
Fat, olk Salt, yo.ka] yks.ka
Fish, ePNks_ Sesame, frya
Dried fish, lqD[kePNks Sweetmeat, [kTtda
Salted-fish, yks.kePNks Syrup, ikua_ ikuda
Flour, fiV a Tamarind, fpp
Fried-flour, lkq (m) Tea, pgk
Food, Hkkstua] vkgkjks Treacle, iQk.khra
Hard food, [kknuh;a Turmeric, gfGf (f)
Soft food Hkkstuh;a Venison, fexeala
Garlic, ylq.ka Vinegar, fcyks
Ghee, ?kra Wine, eqfdkloks
Gingilly, frya Yam, dUnks_ vkyqoks
Grain, /kka Adjectives
Gram, pudks
Boiled, lsfnr
Green-peas, eqXxks
Cooked, i] ifpr
Honey, e/q (nt)
Fried, HkfTtr
Jaggery, xqGks
Roasted, vkjiks
Kernel, fetk
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A2 PRONOUNS
Pronouns are words used, to replace nouns or substantives, to avoid
repitition. The word Pronoun means for a noun or instead of a noun.
Pronous admit of all genders, as they stand for every person or thing
which are in different genders. They are alsodeclined as nouns, with the
only difference that there is no Vocative forms. They are classified into
various groups by the English Grammarians, but for our purposes, we
will restrict to only the important groups, viz :-
I. (1) Personal Pronouns :
(i) First personal Amha vEg (vLen~)
(ii) Second personal Tumha rqEg (;q"en~)
(m.f.n.) : Thou, you.
(iii) Third personal Ta r (rn~) (m) : when used as a demonstrative
pronoun, meaning that, it is declined
differently in three genders.
No. (i) and (ii) are declined similarly in all the three genders.
(2) Relative Pronouns :
Relative Pronouns : - Such as who, which, that, so called because
they relate or refer to a noun, which has gone before. These are declined
like nouns ending in v (m,n.) or vk (f) with some differences. In the
declension of masculine Pronouns, the Nominative and Accusative plural
termination is ,; terminations for the Dative and Genitive plural are,la]
,lkua; while in the singular the following terminations are absent : vk;
of Dative, vk of the Ablative and , of the Locative.
In the neuter gender, the pronouns are declined like masculine
nouns with slight change in Nominative and Accusative plural their
terminations being , or vkfu-
The feminine base is formed by addingvk to the masculine base and
are declined likedkk-
There are no vocative forms.
(3) Demonstrative Pronouns :
This, that, those, etc. words used to point out the object or objects to
which they refer.
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Me, ea]eea
My, ee ega
Thee,ra] Roa
Thine, ro] rs] rqga
Those men etc., rs Which (of the two), drj (3), dre
Those woman, brk] rk Which, who, dks] d (from d) ;
Those things, brkfu] rkfu Whosoever, ;ks dksfp
Us, vEgs Whom, da \ (Nom. Sin. of
We,e;a d Neu.)
What, d \ Whose, dLl (d m; nt)
Whatsoever, ;a fdfp You, rqEgs
13. They sprinkle the king with water from three conchshells. rs rhfg lsfg
Hkwia flpfr A
14. He throws dust in my eye. lks ee pD[kqLe jta f[kifr A
15. Fie upon that acquisition of fame and wealth, Oh Brahmin, which
(implies) a maintenance (livelihood) in degradation and in an impious
living. f/jRFkq ra ;lykHka /uykHka p czk.k A ;k oqfk fofuikrsu v/Eepj.ksu
ok A
16. The physician wraps your nose with cloth. osTtks ro (rqEga) uRFkqa (ukflda)
oRFksu ifyosBsfr A
17. The girls throw dust at one another for amusement. dkk;ks dsfG;k
vkeka jta (/wy) f[kifUr A
18. You remember the strength of the lord of monkeys. rqEgs okufjUnLl lk
vuqLljFk A
19. You strive for the aquisition of wealth. rqEgs /uykHkk; ok;eFk A
20. I wish to go to the garden. m;kuHkwe xUrqa bPNkfe A
21. You too, O ascetic, plough and sow and eat after ploughing and sowing.
Roafi le.k] dlLlq p oIilq p dflRok p ofiRok p Hkqtlq A
22. May you and your bride live happily. Rop ro o/w p lq[ksu oqRFk A
23. There is the father, O Rahula, go and ask for the inheritance. lks rs jkgqy
tudks] xPNlq nk;Tta ;kpkfg A
24. Let all things be happy and contended. lCcs lkk lqf[krk p lqfgrk p gksUrq A
25. Let us go to the younder mountain and eat jambu fruit. vEgs ifjea iCcra
xPNke tEcwfu p [kknke A
26. We shall describe the powers of the former Buddhas. iqCcsla cqkua vkuqHkkoa
vEgs o..ksLlke A
27. Who is your teacher whose Doctrines do you like ? dks rs vkpfj;ks] dLl ok
/Eea jkspsfl \ A
28. He is the son of Bindusara. ,lks fcUnqlkjLl iqkks A
29. This novice will be the master of this house. v;a lke.ksjks beLl xsgLl lkfedks
HkfoLllfr A
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30. Letters come from all towns on the same day. ,dfnoleso lCcsfg uxjsfg
i..kkfu vkxPNfUr A
31. Who is your father ? dks rs tudks \
32. You will not get anything from me, go to another. rqoa es dfp u yfHkLlfl
ija xPN A
33. Those elders have (got) other pupils. vewla Fksjkua vks ek.kodk
gksfUr A
34. A certain physician brings the root of a certain tree. vkrjks osTtks dLlfp
:D[kLl ewya vkgjfr A
35. I shall live in that cottage. vga rk;a dqfV;a oflLlkfe A
36. This is the chariot in which I shall sit to-morrow. v;ks lks jFkks ;Le vga
Los fulhfnLlkfe A
37. Speak what you like. ;a bPNfl ra czwfg A
38. From what city has the messenger come ? dLek uxjk nwrks vkxrks \
39. The way of wealth is one and the way of deliverance is another. vkkks
/uLl eXxks] vkkks p eqfk;k eFkks A
40. All trees and all the creepers are in blossom in the summer. funk?ks lCcs
p :D[kk] lCck p yrk iqfIiQrk gksfUr A
41. See this fruit of faith and character. lk; lhyLl p bana iQya iLl A
42. This house is mine, that place is yours and the cottage is hers. bna ?kja enh;a]
veq iklknks rkodks] lk dqfV p rnh;k A
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A3 ADJECTIVES
1. Present Participles
2. Past Participles
4. Adjectives as such
Small, [kqd
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B. VERBS
Number of roots are included in the first and the seventh group. Pali
verbs are conjugated, in three Tenses, two Voices, two Numbers and
three Persons :
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1. Tenses or dky
(i) Present tense okekudky
(ii) Past tense vrhrdky
(iii) Future tense vukxrdky
2. Voices or iz;ksx
(i) Active dkqdkjd (drZfj) : a transitive verb that represents its
subject as acting, is in Active Voice. Here the Subject or dkk takes
Nominative and the Object dEe is in Accusative (nqfr;k)] and the verb
takes the same gender and/number as the Subject e.g., vga cqa uekfe_
lk cqa uefr_ rqEgs cqa ueFk-
(ii) Passive Voice deZf.k iz;ksx-
A Transitive verb, that represents its subject as beingpassively acted
upon, is in Passive Voice. The sign of the Passive Voice is ; (ya)
irrespective of the conjugation, and is added directly to the root. The final
v of a root is dropped and the remaining ending consonant and the ;
of the Passive undergo the necessary changes (according to rules of
change).
In the Passive Voice, in a sentence, the subject (drkZ) takes the
Instrumental (rfr;k) Case and the Object (deZ) takes the Nominative
Case, and the verb takes the same person and number as that of the
Object :
The Attanopade (vkReusin) terminations are frequently used in the
Passive Voice; but it is optional.
Examples of Verbs in Passive Voice :
djh;fr = is done or made vkdM h;fr = is dragged or drawn
dlh;fr = is ploughed nh;fr = is given
nslh;fr = is preached ekjh;fr = is killed
vkgjh;fr = is brought oUnh;fr = is worshipped
gjh;fr = is carried fd.kh;fr = is bought
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The neuter Present Participle is formed by adding vUr and eku to the root and
is declined like iQy.
(2) The Future Participle, not very common, is formed by inserting bLl
between the verbal base (/krq) and the termination vUr or eku of the Present
Participle, e.g. :
ip $ bLl $ vUr ifpLlUr who will be cooking
ifpLleku
Masculine forms.
ip $ bLl $ vrh ifpLlrh_ ifpLlUrh
Feminine forms
ir $ bLl $ vUr ifpLlUra ifpLlUra iQya] a fruit about to fall
Neuter forms.
(3) The declinable Past Participles are often referred as declinable
Past Passive Participles. They are formed by adding r or br to the verbal
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root. For convenience and easy understanding a list of Past Participles with their
genders are given below :
Root Masculine Feminine Neuter
Gender Gender Gender
xe xrks xrk xra
ue urks urk ura
iqPN iqfPNrks] iqV ks iqfPNrk] iqV k iqfPNra] iqV a
fnl fnV ks fnV k fnV a
uh uhrks uhrk uhra
Bk] frV fBrks fBrk fBra
gu grs grk gra
ik ihrks ihrk ihra
yHk yks yk ya
xg xfgrks xfgrk xfgra
dj drks drk dra
vk $ jHk vkj}ks vkj}k vkj}a
nk nkks] fnUuks nkk] fnUuk nka] fnUua
vk $ :g vk:gks vk:gk vk:ga
vks $ yksd vksyksfdrks vksyksfdrk vksyksfdra
[kkn [kkfnrks [kkfnrk [kkfnra
f[ki f[kkks f[kkk f[kka
pj pfjrks] fp..kks pfjrk] fp..kk pfjra] fp..ka
fNn fNUuks fNUuk fNUua
kk kkrks kkrk kkra
/kso /ksforks /ksfork /ksfora
Ugk ugkrks] Ugkrks ugkrk] Ugkrk ugkra] Ugkra
cq cqks cqk cqa
Hkkl Hkkflrks Hkkflrk Hkkflra
ej erks erk era
eqp eqkks eqkk eqka
;kp ;kfprks ;kfprk ;kfpra
jD[k jfD[krks jfD[krk jfD[kra
ol oflrks] oqflrks oqflrk] oqflrk oflra] oqflra
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(4) The Potential Passive Participles are used to denote some action which
is fit or proper to be done e.g., the students should get up at dawn ek.kodsfg
iPpwldkys mfV rCc-Here the subject must be in the instrumental while the
participle must agree with the object in gender, number, and case. If there
is no object then the participle must be in Neuter, Nominative, Singular
e.g. :
1. Why did you not come yesterday ? Or why were you absent yesterday ?
dLek Roa gh;ks u vkxrks fl\A
2. Yesterday I went with my father to a funeral;
gh;ks ga firjk l erdV kua vxeA
3. Where are your books and writing material ?
dqg ro iksRFkdk ys[kuHk.Mkfu p\A
4. I came here having left them on the desk in the school;
rku ga lkyCHkUrjs ys[kuiQyds Bkis Rok vkxrks fEgA
5. Why do you come late to-day ?
dLek Roa vTt fpjkf;Rok vkxPNfl\A
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8. He said he could not buy the necessary books as he had no money; fuewykk
bfPNrs iksRFkds fdf.krqa uklfD[k fr lks ofnA
9. Why did he send for you ? dLek lks ra iksfl\A
10. He has send for me because he wished to get a book from me ; ee lfUrdk
,da iksRFkda yqa bPNUrks lks ee iksflA
11. How many books did you buy ? dfr iksRFkdk dhrk r;k\A
12. I bought four books; e;k pkkjks iksRFkdk dhrkA
13. How much did you pay for them;
rsla vRFkk; fdkda ewya fnUua r;k\
14. I gave eight rupees and twenty five cents;
vV :fi;kfu ipohlfr&lrHkkxs p vgavnklA
15. Can you run quickly; lksfl Roa lh?ka /kforqaA
16. I am not able to run very fast; vga vfrlh/a /kforqa u lkfs eA
17. Was it done by him in your presence ?
dra bna rsu rqga lEeq[ks\A
18. No; it was done by him in the presence of two other students;
u_ vksla f}Uua flLlLl lfUrds rsu bna draA
19. If it is so how do you know this ? ;fn ,oa] dFka Roa bna tkukfl\A
20. They told me that he did so; lks rFk djh fr rs ea onlqA
21. When will your father return ? ;qga firk dnk iPpkxfeLlfr\A
22. He will return from there day after tomorrow; ijlqos lks rrks vkxfeLlfrA
23. Did you tear the leaves of this book ?
Roa beLl iksRFkdLl ikkfu nkysfl uq\
24. I did not; I was writing my copy;
u vga fyfiifjp;s vD[kjkfu fy[kUrks fulhnA
25. Do you write with steel nibs ? v;ys[kuheq[ksfg uq rqEgs fy[kFk\A
26. We write with quill pens; e;a ikukGk&ys[kuhfg fy[kkeA
27. What did your teacher teach you yesterday ?
d rqEgkda vkpfj;ks fg;ks mXx.gkisflA
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7. There was no gain but only loss, as I had to sell my goods at less than
the cost price;
C. PARTICLES :
All prepositions except BisRok] f/jRFkq] ueks] fouk] are placed after the nouns.
Prepositions govern their objects in different cases as indicated below :
(a) The Accusative ;ko until; vkjCHk] mfLl] fuLlk;] lU/k;] ifVPp with
reference to, about; f/] f/jRFkq fie upon!
(b) The Instrumental vya enough of; d what is the use of ? (Interrogatively);
oV fr it is proper for; lk, it is possible for; l] lg with.
(d) iV k; (from) governs the ablative; ;ko is used with the ablative optionally :
fouk (without); governs the accusative, the instrumental or the ablative.
(e) The genitive, v/ks under; vUrjs] vUrks in, among; ma] mij on, upon
above; vksja on this side; ikja beyond; gsV k below, under; oV fr.
B) Terminations Rok] Roku] rwu] ; when put after a verbal root, we get
RokUr vO;; or Indeclinable Past Participle or the Gerund. Before the addition
of Rok, the root undergoes the same changes as before rCc_ e.g. ifpRok having
cooked, fofT>Rok after piercing, f[kfiRok] dFkRok] dFkf;Rok] gkjkis & if;Rok
etc; ; optionally takes the place of Rok; generally in cases where an milXx is
prefixed to the root, as miV fgRok or miV k; having approached; vuqHkfoRok or
vuqHkw;_ misRok or misPp having approached; iz $ fo'k~ izfo';-
Some roots with their Gerund; Indeclinable Past Participles (Absolutive)
dhG $ b $ Rok dhfGRok_ dhG $ b $ Roku dhfGRoku_
dhIG $ b $ rwu dhfGrwu = Having played.
C) Terminations rqa] ros] rk;s when added to a root we get rqeUr vO;;_
they are usually used to express purpose of a verb or f;k. These forms are
also called the Infinitive of Purpose :
Hail to the Buddha ! Fie upon the Evil Spirit ! ueks cqk;] f?kjRFkq ekj A
A quarrel arises among the crows about the bones; vhfu fuLlk; dkdkua
dygks mIiTtfr A
Enough of honey and curds to me; I have requirement of fire wood;
vya es e/quk nf/uk p_ nk:uk es vRFkks A
There lives a hare under a cluster of palms; rRFksdks llks rkyxPNLl
gs k olfr A
The monkeys go daily beyond the Ganges ; okujk iPpga xaxk; ikja
xPNfUr A
The bearers of load return with fuel; Hkkjgkjdk nk:fg l iPpkxPNfUr A
What is the use of water to me ? d ega okfjuk A
The Brahmin throws ghee over the fire; czk.kks vfPpLl mifj lIi
ifD[kifr A
It is not proper for a man a tell an untruth ; vlPpa ujLl u ofr A
It is not possible for a hare to give sesamums to a Brahmin ; llsu
czk.kk; frykfu nkrqa u lk A
The Buddha tells this story about a monk : bna oRFkqa cqks ,d fHkD[kqekjCHk
dFksfr A
Hares do not eat anything without grass ; fr.ka fouk llk u [kknfUr A
What is the use of bow without arrows ? ljsfg fouk d /uquk \
We bring fuel and grass from the forest below : vEgs nk:a p fr.kap
vjkk vkgjke A
Birds fall down on the ground with speed; ldq.kk osxsu Hkfe;a fuirfUr A
Good man live together in mutual satisfaction; lIiqfj;k rqf;k vkek
(mutual) laolfUr A
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The Elephantess of Udena runs in the sand, like lightening; mnsuLl djs.kq
o..kq;a foTtq fo; /kofr A
A man who possesses the four virtues of lord of the monkeys, viz. truth,
;Llsrs prqjks /Eek
justice, courage and charity, overcomes all difficulties;
okufjUn ;Fkk ro A lPpa /Eeks f/fr pkxks fna lks vfrokfr AA
A crocodile used to live inthe Ganges ; lql
a eq kjks xk; fogjfr A
The physician wraps your nose with cloth ; osTtks ro ukflda oRFksu
ifycsBsr
A serpent takes out its head from the hallow ; ukxks lhla lqfljLek
uhgjfr-
You remember the strength of the monkeys ; rqEgs okufjUnLl lk
vuqLljFk A
The splendour of the Doctrine shines forth in four quarters; /EeLl :fp
prwlq fnlklq idklfr A
The cow jumps up from the ground ; /suq Hkwfe;k mIirfr A
The elephantess ascends from the deep pit; djs.kq fuUuk; dklq;k mkjfr A
The student should inform his teacher everything that he has done,
seen or heard personally; ;a ;a vkuk dra ok fna ok lqrq ok lCca ra
vkpfj;Ll vkjkspsrCc A
The elder monk Mahatissa, went to the court yard of the temple in
the evening, saw the moon-light, turned his face towards the temple, became
full of joy, jumped up in the air and stood firmly at the great temple :
egkfrLlRFksjks lk;a psfr; psfr;.ka xURok pankyksda fnLok psfr;kfHkeq[kks gqRok
ihr (joy) mIiknsRok vkdkls mIifrRok egkpsfr;s ifrkfl A
I am not allowed to go to the monastery at my liking or to hear the
Doctrine or to offer gifts; vga vkuks #fp;k fogkja ok xUrqa /Eea ok lksrqa
nkua ok nkrqa u yHkkfe A
Do not allow this child to go anywhere ; nkjdLl dRFkfp xRrqa ek nsFk A
The pupil must get up early, must put off his shoes, must give the
vUrsokfluk dkyLllso
tooth-pick to the preceptor, and must arrange his seat;
mk;] mikguk vkseqfpRok] vkpfj;Ll nUrda nkrCca] vklup ikkisrCc A
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If the place becomes dirty, it should be swept; lps lks nslks mDykiks
gksfr lEefTtrCcks A
The Son of the banker covered the street, constructed a pandal, and
began drinking wine surrounded by a large company ; lsfuks iqkks ohFk
vkofjRok] e.Mia dkjkisRok egktusu ifjoqrks lqja ikrqa vkjks A
The messenger saw that the sage had gone to the Pandva mountain
after taking his alms round and after going out the city; and he informed
l eqfu fi.Mk; pfjRok uxjk fuD[kEe] i.Mo mixrk
this to the king ;
fr fnLoku nwrks vkxUok- jkftuks ifVosnf; A
If a man does not get friends that are better than him and that are
worthy of friendship, then he should live alone, like a king who lives alone
after abandoning the kingdom which is conquered (by others); ls s les lsforCcs
lgk; vyk] jktk o foftra ja igk; ,dks pjs A
One should not take resort to sinful friends, should not utter false
ikidk
words, should not drink wine, and should not cause destruction of life ;
fekk u HkftrCck] fePNk okpk u opuh;k] eTta u is;a] ik.kkfrikrks p
u dkrCcks A
I shall not be allowed to renunciate by my parents ; ekrkfirjks ega
iCcftrqa u nLlfUr A
Whatever is thought by the mind should be spoken out by the tongue ;
;a fdph eulk fpfUrra fl;k] ra okpk; okCc A
If the western dusty wind blow, the western windows should be closed ;
lps ifPNek ljtk okrk ok;s;qa] ifPNek okrikuk FkkdsrCc-
If the store house is dirty it should be swept ; lps dks dks mDykiks
gksfr] lEeftrCcks A
Charities should be given commandments should be observed, and fast
should be kept; nkukfu ns;kfu (nkrCckfu)] lhykfu jfD[krCckfu] mikslFkks
p dj.kh; A
The crane, catching the fish, carrying it to the great lake, tearing it
odks ePNa xf.gRok] ra egkrGkda usRok (gfjRok)]
down and taking its life, ate it;
ra iQkysRok] thforD[k;a ikisRok v[kkfn A
Some boys went to a garden to steal fruit, but the gardener came and
beat them; dsfp ckyk iQykfu pksjsrqa m;kua xrk] m;kuikyks iu vkxEe
rs igfj A
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The boys said O Sir, do not beat us, not a single fruit has been stolen
by us. okyk vokspqa] ^^v; ek uks igfj] ,defi iQya vEgsfg u [kkfnra**
fr-
It is not proper to insult a good man and not possible to insult a wicked
man ; lqtua viefkrqa u ofr] nq a viefkrqa p u lk-
They having approached the king prayed him to release the deer; rs
jktkua mIisp (miladfeRok] miladEe] or misRok)] fexa ekspf;rqa ra iRFkslq-
So long as the peacock had not been seen by the residents, the crow
was fed by them ; jokalhfg vfns eksjs] dkdks rsfg iq ks (iksflrks)-
The grass is eaten and the water is drunk by the cow ; /suquk rua [kkfnr
p mndap fiforap A
The cows have been milked and sent to the pasture ; /suq;ks nqk] xkspja
p ifgrk-
The sick monks should attend upon one another ; fxykusfg fHkD[kwfg
vkeka mikrCca-
Our money has been wrested, our country conquered and parents have
been killed by you ; Ro;k vEgkda pew p vfPNUuk] ja p ftra] ekrkfirjks
p es ekfjrk-
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Section 4
1. Cardinals Number la[;k
1 = ,oaQ- 34 = prqklrh-
2 = }s- 35 = iprlrh-
3 = r;ks] fr- 36 = Nklrh-
4 = prq (pkkjks)- 37 = lkrlrh-
5 = ip- 38 = v rlrh-
6 = N- 39 = ,dwupkkpkGhlrh-
7 = lk- 40 = pkkGhlfr-
8 = v - 41 = ,dpkkGhlfr-
9 = uo- 42 = f}pkkGhlfr-
10 = nl- 43 = rspkkGhlfr-
11 = ,dknl- 44 = prqpkkGhlfr-
12 = }knl] ckjl- 45 = ippkkGhlfr-
13 = rsGl] rsjl- 46 = NkkGhlfr-
14 = pql] prql- 47 = lkpkkfGlfr-
15 = i..kjl] ipnl- 48 = v pkkfGlfr-
16 = lksGl- 49 = ,dwui..kklk-
17 = lkjl] lknl- 50 = i..kklk] ipklfr-
18 = v kjl] v knl- 51 = ,di..kklk-
19 = ,dwuohlrh- (f) 52 = }si..kklk-
20 = ohlrh- 53 = rsi..kklk-
21 = ,dohlrh- 54 = prqi..kklk-
22 = }kohlrh] ckohlrh- 55 = ipi..kklk-
23 = rsohlrh- 56 = Ni..kklk-
24 = prqohlrh- 57 = lkki..kklk-
25 = ipohlrh- 58 = v i..kklk-
26 = NCchlrh- 59 = ,dw.klf -
27 = lkkohlrh- 60 = lf -
28 = v kohlrh- 61 = ,dlf -
29 = ,dwurlrh- 62 = }klf ] f}lf -
30 = rlrh- 63 = rslf ] frlf -
31 = ,dkrlrh- (f) 69 = ,dwulkfr-
32 = }kklrh- 70 = lkfr-
33 = rsklrh- 71 = ,dlkkr-
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The numerals, allmost all of them take all the genders, with the following
difference :
(i) ,d] fr] prq take all genders but are declined differently in each gender
(ii) f}] ip] N] lk] vV ] uo] nl are declined alike in all genders but
only in the plural.
(iii) ,dwuohlfr to uouoqfr are declined in the singular number and feminine
gender only, whatever be the gender of the substantive qualified. The
cardinals are treated as ordinary adjectives.
(iv) lr and lgLl may either be used in the neutre gender, or plural in the
singular number agreeing only in case with the qualified substantives or
as ordinary adjectives agreeing in all respects. For multiples of lr and
lgLl, Prefix the word indicating the multiplicator and treat the compound
as an adjective e.g. vV lrk ek.kodkA
(v) Multiplicative adverbs are formed by adding D[krqa to the numerals in the
sense of so many times e.g. f}D[krqa = twice : The word for once is ldnk
or ld.
(vi) Suffix ?kk may be used after numerals in the sense of ways, times, fold
etc. ,d/k - once, f}/k - of two kinds : fr/k - in three ways.
(vii) lks is a distributive adverbial suffix e.g. ,dlks = one by one; lrlks = by
hundreds ; cgqlks in numbers.
(viii) ek is added to numerals in the sense of only turning them into adjectives
e.g. prqekk [kfk;k - only four warriors.
(x) To give the distributive sense a numeral is repeated e.g. ,dsd = each
one.
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Section 5
Syntax
(1) Position of words in a sentence : A sentence may contain any number
of words, but a verb must necessarily be there i.e. a sentence must have two
portions viz.
(i) the subject dkk
(ii) the predicate f;k
iqfjlks l;fr is a complete sentence, iqfjlks being the subject and l;fr
the predicate. l;fr being an intransitive verb does not take object, but transitive
verbs must necessarily have an object (deZ); therefore a sentence formed with
transitive verb consists of three portions, e.g. :
iqfjlks (dkk)] :D[ka (deZ)] fNUnfr (f;k)
(2) In the above sentence, the subject comes first, object second and the
predicate last (In an English sentence the object must come after the predicate).
But there are no definite rules about the order of the words in a Pali sentence.
(3) Addressing words are very often placed first, in a sentence e.g.
(i) HkUrs] beLe lklus dfr /qjkfu \
(ii) So also with vklqlks
(iii) So also with Hkksfr
(4) Interrogation is expressed by using interrogative adverbs.
(a) Pronouns or particles at the beginning of a sentence : When there
is an interrogative word in a sentence, the addressing word, if there be any,
takes the second or last place.
(i) d dFksfl] Hkkfrdk \
(ii) vi vkoqlks] vEgkda lkkja tkukfl \
(iii) d iu] HkUrs] bnkfu fi fnUus yfHkLlUrh \
(iv) dqg ;kfl] mikld \
(v) dga xrksa fl] vkoqlks \
(vi) dks rRFk olfr \
(vii) dLek] lks lIiks ,ra u Mfl
(b) Interrogation is also expressed by placing the verb first, in a sentence,
followed very often by the particle uq- % iLlFk uq rqEgs] fHkD[kos] veqa egUra
vfXxD[kU/a \
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Section 6
General conversation - about animals,
birds and insects.
1. Dogs watch over their masters houses at night. lqu[kk jfk;a vkuks
lkfedkua xsgkfu jD[kUr A
2. People catch elephants and bring them from forests, tame them and
euqLlk vjkrks gRFkh cfU/ok] vkusRok]
get their work done by them.
neRok vkkua fdPpkfu dkjkisfUr A
3. Horses, harnessed to the carriages, run with them through the
streets. jFkslq ;ksftrk vLlk rs vkd Urk fofFk;klq /kofUr A
4. The donkey is able to bear a heavy burden. xHkks cgqa Hkkja ofgrqa
lksfr A
5. Camels, loaded with many goods, are able to go through the desert
where there is no water. m k cgwfu Hk.Mkfu vknk; fu:nddUrkjs
xUrqa leRFkk gksfUr A
6. Having climbed the tree, the monkey destoyed the nests of the bird.
okujks :D[ka vks:fgRok iD[khua dqykods fouklsfl-
7. The cat chased the squirrel to the foot of the tree. foGkyks dyUnda
xf.grqa #[kewya /kfo A
8. Hunters hunt deer and bring their flesh to be sold in the town. C;kkk
fexs fofT>Rok eala foff.krqa uxja vkgjfUr A
9. While eating grass the hare saw a man and ran away frightened.
fr.ka [kknUrks llks ,da euqLla fnLok Hkhrks iykf; A
10. The cow likes to allow her calf to suck, and does not wish to be
milked by others. xkoh lda oPpa ik;srqa bPNfr] u iu vksfg
[khjLl nqgua A
11. People take the honey by force which is made with much difficulty
ef/djsfg iqIiQjs.koks
by the bees, with the pollen gathered from flowers.
vkgfjRok fdPNsu dra e/qa euqLlk cykjsu x.gfUr A
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12. The parrot pierced the mango with its beak and sucked its juice.
lqoks eq[krq.Msu vEciQya fofT>Rok rLlk jla fifo A
13. White ants bring a small quantity of earth at a time and gradually
build a big ant-hill. mifpdk Fkksd&Fkksda efkda vkusRok vuqesu egUra
ofEeda djksfUr A
14. Mosquitoes worry people by bitting them and sucking their blood.
edlk euqLls MflRok yksfgra fioUrk rs ihGsfUr A
15. In order to catch insects the spider spreads the web made by itself.
m..kukfHk [kqtUroks xgsrqa vkuk dra tkya iRFkjfr A
16. Ants prepare their homes by digging the earth. fiihfydk Hkwe [kf.kRok
rkla olu kua ifr;knsfUr A
17. Attracted by the glare grasshoppers fly into the fire and die there.
lyHkk vXx fnLok rLl o..ksu eksfgrk rRFk ifrRok ejfUr A
18. The pigeons sat on the roof of the house and cooed. ikjkork xsgLl
Nnus fulhfnRok jolq A
19. Many crows flew up and perched on the branches. cgq dkdk vkdkla
iD[kfUnRok #D[klk[kklq fuyh;lq (fulhnlq) A
20. Hawks kill small birds and eat them. lsuk [kqd&ifD[kuks ekjsRok
[kknfUr
21. There are ten swans and twenty cranes in that lake. rLe rGkds
nl galk folfr cdk p lfUr A
22. Buffaloes like to wallow in dirty water. efglk lis tys fueqfTtrqa
bPNfUr A
23. Snakes devour rats, but they (the snakes) are killed by the
mungooses. lIik mUnjs fxyfUr rFkk fi rs udqysfg ekjh;fUr A
24. The venom of the scorpion is in its tail, but serpents have their venom
at the root of their fangs. fofPNdkua fola u s gksfr] lIikuae iu
fola nkBkewys A
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25. Musk is obtained in certain kind of deer which live in the Himalayan
region. dRFkwfjdk fgeoUrs olfUr;k ,dk; fextkfr;k yCHkfr A
13. The jujubes of Ceylon are smaller than those of India. yk; cnjkfu
tEcqnhis cnjsfg [kqdrjkfu gksfUr A
14. The father brought grapes and oranges, and divided them amongst
his sons and daughters. firk eqfdkfu tEchjkfu p vkgfjRok vkuks
iqk&/hrjkua HkktsRok vnkfl A
15. Dates are imported to Ceylon from foreign countries. egk[kTtjhiQykfu
fonslsfg ya vkgjh;fUr A
16. The boys bought some ripe marmelos and gave them to their sisters.
nkjdk ikfu csyqokfu fdf.kRok rsla Hkkfxuhua vnalq A
17. Prince Siddharth was born under a sal tree; he became Buddha at
the foot of a bo-tree. flRFkdqekjks lky:D[kewys tkrks] vLlRFk:D[kewys
cqks Hkfo A
18. Bring cucumbers and snake-gourds from the market and prepare
curries. vki.krks dkjhiQykfu iVksykfu p vkgfjRok O;tukfu
lEiknsfg A
19. Champak flowers have an agreeable smell, but the flowers of
pentapets phoenicea are without any smell. pEidiqIiQkfu euqkxUkkfu
gksfUr_ t;lqeuiqIiQkfu fuXxU/kfu A
20. The timber of the iron-wood tree is very hard, its flowers are
exceedingly sweet scented. ukx:D[kLl nk: vfrFka] iqIiQkfu vfrl;su
lqxU/kfu A
21. The varana tree looks like a dead tree when its leaves have fallen.
oj.k:D[kks ikkua xfyrdkys lqD[k:D[kks fo; ikk;fr A
22. Betel and arecanuts, constantly used for chewing by the Indians, are
unknown in European countries. tEcqnhfidsfg eq[koklRFkk; fuPplsforkfu
rEcwykfu iqxkuh p ;qjksih;jls q vkrkfu A
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17. Masons raised the walls, and carpenfers did the wood work, so that
the building was soon completed. bV oM fduks fHkfk;h fpuUrk nk#oM fduks
nk:dEea djksUrk lh?ka ,o ,sga fuV kislqaA
18. The daughter locked the door, and taking the key with her, went
to the well for a bath. f/rk }kja finfgRok dqfpda vknk; ugkuRFkk;
dwia vxekflA
About a City
1. Cities generally have ramparts, moats, gates and watch-towers.
uxjkfu iu cgqlks ikdkj&ifj[kk&xksiqj V kysfg ;qkkfu gksfUrA
2. In them are many streets and lanes, gardens and houses of many
description. rslq cgw [kqd egUrk ohfFk;ks] m;kukfu ukukfo?k?kjkfu p
lfUrA
3. The streets of a city are crowded with horses, carriages, carts and
pedestrains. uxjohfFk;ks vLlsfg jFksfg ldVsfg ifFkdsfg p vkfd..kk
gksfUrA
4. When the horse races are held rich and poor assemble in large
numbers at the race course. vLl/kous okekus cgoks /uoUrk fuuk
p vLle.Mys leksljfUrA
5. In the evenings drunkards get together at taverns and drink
intoxicants. lqjklks.Mk lk;.gslq ikuefUnjslq lfUuifrRok eTta fiofUrA
6. The municipal authorities get water from distant places to fill the
reservoirs and distribute water among citizens through pipes.
uxjikfydk nwjV kurks mnda vusRok tykl;s iwjsRok ukGeXxsfg ukxfjdkua
mnda HkktsfUrA
7. In cities there are prisons surrounded with massive walls. uxjslq
egUrsfg ikdkjsfg ifjfD[kkk cU/ukxkjk lfUrA
8. To-night they will drive in a carriage to the theatre and watch the
performance. rs vTt jfk;k vLljFksu uPplkya xURok uP vksyksdsLlfUr-
9. Those who come from foreign countries visit the museum. ijnslfs g
vkxPNUrk ,dUrsu dqrwgylkya ifLlrqa xPNfUrA
10. Travelling by tram-car the compositor arrived at the printing press.
o..k;kstdks foTtqjFksu xURok eq.duky;a lEekiqf.kA
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11. In the evening the sons and daughters of the rich, accompanied
by their friends, walk in the parks. /ouUrkua iqk /hrjks lk;.gslq vkuks
vkuks lgk;sfg l m;kuslq vfg.MfUrA
12. More than twenty thousand people come by train to anuradhapure
on Poson full-moon days. tsV iq..kfe;a ohlfrlgLlkf/dk euqLlk /wejFksfg
vuqjk/iqja vkxPNfUrA
13. The kings palace and the palatila buildings of the ministerse are
situated in the heart of the city. jkks p ,o jktkePpkuk~ p
iklknk uxjLl eT>Hkkxs ifrfV rkA
14. Sentinels shut the city gates at night and take their stand on the
watch tower. jfk;a uxj}kjkfu FkdsRok vkjD[kdk vV kyslq frV fUrA
15. When people die in the city their relations carry the corpses to
a cemetery and either cremate or bury them. vUrksuxjs euqLlslq erslq
rsla kkrdk erlfjjkfu lqlkua usRok >kisfUr fi] (Hkwfe;a) fu[k.kfUr fiA
16. Scavengers and potters live in the suburbs outside the city. uxjlks/
dk dqEHkdkjkn;ks p uxjrks cfg miuxjslq olfUrA
17. During the night the streets of the cities are illuminated with
electric lights or some other kind of lights. jfk;a uxjohfFk;ks
foTtqIinhiknhfg vkyksfdrk] gksfUrA
18. Our mayor will go round the city at about four oclock this evening.
vEgkda uxjxqfkdks vTt prq?kfVdk;a uxja infD[k.ka dfjLlfrA
19. On Monday the king accompanied by a large retinue and harem
will visit the pleasure garden outside the city. jktk egrk ifjckjsu
vksjks/su p lg pUnokjs uxjrks m;kua xfeLlfrA
20. It is rumoured that a prisoner had murdered the jailor by striking
him with a cudgel. ,dks oT>Iikks dkjkikyda eqXxjsu igfjRok ekjslh
fr lw;rsA
Government affairs
1. The kings orders should not be voilated. jktqua vk.kk u vfrferCckA
2. Those who break the law receive various punishments. ;s jktkua
vfrefUr rs ukukdkjsfg n.Mua yHkfUrA
3. In olden days, soldiers, wearing defensive armour and carrying
shields and other weapons, fought with swords, javelins, bows and
so forth. iqCcs iu ;ks/k lUukglUuk iQydkoq/gRFkk vfl&lfk&/uqvknhfg
;qT>lqA
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izLrkouk
ckSn/ekZP;k izlkjkcy yksdkae;sa T;k fnolkiklwu vkrqjrk mRiUu >kyh vkgs
R;k fnolkiklwu ckSn/eZ Eg.kts dk;] o R;kpsa okkz; dk; vkgs] o dksBas dk;feGrs]
;klac/kusa Hkkjrh; turse;sa vfr'k; eksBs dqrgq y fnlwu ;sr-s
dkagha oxZ dqrqgykP;k e;kZnsifydMs xsysys fnlrkr- R;kauk ckSn /ekZP;k
okkz;kis{kk ckSn/ekr iwtkikB d'kkizdkjsa gksrs] gsa tk.kwu ?ks.;kps ,d osMp ykxysa
vkgs- vkEgkayk ckSn/ekZpk iwtkikB dlk vlrks ;klaca/ha dkagharjh okkz; |k] vlk
lkj[kk rxknk ykxwu jkfgyk vkgs- ek;k 'kkjhfjd vLoLFkrseqGsa R;kaph ftKklk iqjh
dj.ks vkrki;r eyk 'kD; >kysa ukgha- r'kkar ckSn/ekrhy roKkukis{kka
ckS/ekrhy iwtkikB ;kpk ;k ns'kkar vxnhp yksi >kyk vkgs- R;k dkj.kkaeqGsa ;k
iz'uklaca/ha ckSn/krhy iwtkinfr o R;klaca/ha xkFkk dksBsap miyC/ ukgha- R;k iQDr
T;k ns'kke;sa ckSn/eZ vkt izpfyr vkgs] rsFksap feGw 'kdrkr-
lkyha eh flyksuyk xsyks vlrkauk R;k dkGkar ;kp fo"k;koj Hkj nsmQu
;k xkFkk eh laxzfgr dsY;k o ek>sa fe=k Jh- xq.kfryds ;kauk xko;kl ykowu R;kps
jsdkMZ cuoysa- ;sFksa vkY;kuarj dkagha ckSn fHk{kwaP;k egk;kusa ;k xkFkke;sa Hkj Vkdyh-
vkt cgqrsd loZ xkFkk ;k iqLrdkar ,df=kr >kY;k vkgsr] vlsa Eg.kko;kl gjdr
ukgha- ;sFkhy egkjk"Vh; yksdkauk ;k xkFkk let.;kl lqyHk tkO;k Eg.kwu ikyh xkFksps
ejkBh Hkk"kkarj ,dk oktwl fnysa vkgs-
gsa iqLrd Hkkjrh; ckSn tu lferh fgP;k risZQ izfln dsysa tkr vkgs- ;k
iqLrdkojhy ek>sa loZ gDd R;k lferhl fnys vkgsr- tks dks.kh ;k gDdkaps dks.kR;kfg
rUgsus ma?ku djhy R;kP;koj dk;ns'khj bykt dsyk tkbZy] vlk b"kkjk ns.;kph
vko';drk okVrs-a dkj.k ;k ns'kke;sa vlsa yqPps yksd vkgsr dha] rs dkukek=kk cnywu
nqlU;kapsa iqLrd vkiysap vkgs Eg.kwu izfln djrkr- ;kuarj ckSn laLdkj ikB
;k ukaokpsa nqljsa iqLrd ;kp ekysrisZQ izfln dsysa tkbZy-
BLANK
PALI : ENGLISH DICTIONARY 731
R;k Hkxoku cqnkyk ek>s ueu vlks] ueks rLl Hkxorks vjgrks lEeklEcqLl A
tks vgZr (thou eqDr) lE;d (laiw.kZ)
lEcqn (tkx`r) vkgs
R;k Hkxoku cqnkyk ek>s ueu vlks] ueks rLl Hkxorks vjgrks lEeklEcqLl A
tks vgZr (thou eqDr) lE;d (laiw.kZ)
lEcqn (tkx`r) vkgs
R;k Hkxoku cqnkyk ek>s ueu vlks] ueks rLl Hkxorks vjgrks lEeklEcqLl A
tks vgZr (thou eqDr) lE;d (laiw.kZ)
lEcqn (tkx`r) vkgs
732 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES
vgZr~ (thoUeqDr) lE;d~ (laiq.kZ) lEcq bfrfi lks Hkxok vjga] lEeklUcqnks] foTtk &
(tkx`r) fo|k o vkpj.kkauh ;qDr] lqxfr T;kus pj.k lEiUuks] lqxrks] yksdfonw] vuqkjks]
izkIr dsysyh vkgs- loZJs"B] neu'khy iq:"kkapk iqfjl&nEelkjFkh] lR/k nso&euqLlkua] cqnks
lkjfFk o vk/kj ns.kkjk nso o euq"; okpk xq:] Hkxok* fr A
vlk Hkxoku~ cqn vkgs-
v'kk ;k cqn Hkxcaokcs tUeHkj vuqlj.k cqna ;ko thfora lj.ka vPNkfe
dj.;kpk eh fu/kZj djhr vkgs-
eyk nqlE;k dks.kkpkgh vkljk ukgha] iQDr cqn ufRFk es lj.ka vka] cqnks es lj.ka cja A
ek>k loZJs"B vk/kj vkgs- gk lR; mPpkjkusa ,rsu lPpoTtsu] gksrq es t; eaxya AAAA
ek>sa t; eaxy gksoks AAAA
cqnkP;k ifo=k pj.k/qGhyk eLrd okadowu Hkh mkeaxsu oUns* gs] iknialq o:kea
oanu djrksa- cqns ;ks [kfyrks nkslks] cqnks [kerq ra eea AAAA
cqnkP;klaca/h ek;k gkrwu dkagha nks"k ?kMyk
vlyk rj R;kcy rks cqn Hkxoku eyk {kek
djks AAAA
gk yksdha fujfujkG;k izdkjpha tha vusd jRusa ;a fdfp jrua yksds] foTtfr fofo/k iqFkq A
vkgsr] R;kiSdh d'kkusagh cqnkph cjkscjh gks.kkj jrua cqnlea ufRFk] rLek lksfRFk HkoUrq es AAAA
ukgha- R;k jRukusa ek>sa dY;k.k gksoks AAAA
T;kusa (KkuizkIr >kysY;k) iwT; cksf/o`{kk[kkyh ;ks lfUuflUuks ojcksf/ewys] ekja llsua egr
clwu ekj (dkenso) gkpk R;kP;k viQkV fotsRok A
lsuslg ijkHko dsyk] vuar Kku izkIr d:u lacksf/ekxfPN vuarkk.kks] yksdqkeks ra i.kekfe
T;kusa cqnRo izkIr d:u ?ksrysa] tks loZ txkar cqna AAAA
Js"B v'kk cqnkyk Hkh ueLdkj djrksa AAAA
PALI : ENGLISH DICTIONARY 735
Hkxoarkusa T;k /ekpk lqanj mins'k dsyk] T;kpsa LokD[kkrks Hkxorks /Eeks lfUnB hdks vdkfydks
lR;Ro ;sFksap Mks;kaleksj ikgrk ;srsa- tks /eZ ,fgifLldks vksiukf;dks iPpka osfnrCcks
vkiysa iQG rkcMrksc nsrks- dks.khgh T;kpk fokwghfr*
vuqHko ?;kok] tks fuokZ.kkdMs ?ksmQu tkrks gk
flnkar foKkukaP;k}kjs Lor% vuqHkowu ikgrka
;srks AAAA
eh nqlU;k dks.kkyk 'kj.k tk.kkj ukgha_ nqlU;k ufRFk es lj.ka vka] /Eeks es lj.ka oja A
dks.kkpk vk/kj eh ?ks.kkj ukgha_ ^cqn/eZp ,rsu lPpoTtsu] gksrq es t;eaxya AAAA
ek>k ,deso vk/kj vkgs- gk lR; mPpkjkusa
ek>sa t; eaxy gksoks AAAA
loZ n`"Vhauha Js"B vlysY;k gk cqn /ekZyk eh mkeaxsu oUns* ga /Eea p] frfo/a oja A
eLrd uez d:u oanuk djrksa- /ekZlaca/ha /Ees ;ks [kfyrks nkslks] /Eeks [kerq ra eea AAAA
ek;kdMwu dkagha nks"k ?kMyk vlsy] rj rks /eZ
R;kcy eyk {kek djks AAAA
gk yksdha tha fujfujkGha vusd jRusa vkgsr] ;a dfp jrua yksds] foTtfr fofo/k iqFkq A
R;kiSdha ,dkusagh cqn /ekZph cjkscjh dsyh jrua /Eelea ufRFk] rLek lksfRFk HkoUrq es AAAA
tk.kkj ukgha&gkeqGsa ek>sa dY;k.k gksoks AAAA
gk cqn /eZ ,d vlk ljG ekxZ vkgs dha tks v"V fdks vfj;iFkks tukua]
'kkafrdkjd] mke ekxkZdMs ?ksmQu tk.kkjk eksD[kIioslks mtqdks* o eXxksA
v"Vkaxkauh ;qDr rlasp yksdkauk lq[k ns.kkjk /Eeks v;a lfUrdjks i.khrks]
vkgs- R;k /ekZyk eh ueLdkj djrh AAAA fu;kfudks ra i.kekfe /Eea AAAA
736 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES
eyk nqljk d'kkpkgh vk/kj ugha- cqnkpk la?ka ;ko thfora lj.ka xPNkfeA
f'k";la?kp ek>k loZJs"B vk/kj vkgs- gk lR; ufRFk es lj.ka vka] la?kks esa lj.ka ojaA
opukus ek>sa t;eaxy gksoks AAAA ,rsu lPpoTtsu] gksrq es t;eaxya AAAA
frUgh izdkjkauh Js"B vlysY;k gk la?kkyk eh mkaesxu cUns* gs] la?ka p frfo/kskeaA
eLrd okadowu iz.kke djrksa- la?kklaca/ha tj la?ks ;ks [kfyrks nkslks] la?kks [kerq ra eea AAAA
ek;kdMwu dkagha nks"k ?kMyk vlsy rj rks la?k
eyk R;kcy {kek djks AAAA
gk yksdha tha fujfujkGha vusd jRusa vkgsr] ;a dfp jrua yksds] foTtfr fofo/qa iqFkqA
R;kiSdha ,dkP;kusagh la?kkph cjkscjh gks.kkj ukgha- jrua la?klea ufRFk] rLek lksfRFk HkoUrq es AAAA
R;kP;keqGsa ek>sa dY;k.k gksoks AAAA
la?k fo'kqn] Js"B] nf{k.kk ns.;kl ;ksaZ;] 'kr la?kks folqnks ojnfD[k.ks;ks]
bafnz;kapk] loZ izdkjP;k eykiklwu vfyIr] vusd lfUrfUnz;ks lCceyIifguksA
xq.kkauh ;qDr rlkp fu"iki vkgs- v'kk gk xq.ksfg usdsfg lfefnikks]
la?kkyk eh iz.kke djrksa AAAA vukloks ra i.kekfe la?ka AAAA
PALI : ENGLISH DICTIONARY 737
iwtk iwtk
eqnhanzkP;k Jhikndeykaph iwtk eh gk lqanj] o..k & xU/ & xq.kksisra ;a ra dqlqelUrrA
lqxa/h] nksjk ?kkryY;k iQqykaP;k gkjkusa iwt;kfe eqfuUnLl] fljhiknljk#gs AAAA
dfjrksa AAAA
gk dqlqekauhaeh cqnkyk iwftrks-gk iq.;kusaeyk iwtsfe cqna dqlqesu* usu iqksu esrsu
fuokZ.k izkIr gksby
Z - gs a iQwy tlsa dkset
s rsa rlsa ek>sa yHkfe eksD[ka
'kjhj fuok'kkdMs tkbZy- AAAA iqIiaQ feyk;fr ;Fkk bna es] dk;ks rFkk ;kfr
foukllHkkoa AAAA
va/kjkpk uk'k dj.kkU;k] nkV vkf.k pDd izdk'k ?kulkjIifnksu] fnisu re/aflukA
ns.kkU;k gk fnO;kusa vKkuka/dkjkpk uk'k fryksdnhia lEcqna] iwy;kfe reksuqnaA
dj.kkU;k f=kyksD;nhi cqnkph eh iwtk dfjrksa- lqxaf/&dk;&onua] vuUr&xq.k&xaf/ukA
vusd izdkjpha lqx/
a h nz O ;s a felGysY;k gk xa/kusa lqxaf/uk* ga xU/su] iwt;kfe rFkkxra AAAA
eh T;kpsa 'kjhj o eq[k lqxa/h vkgsr v'kk
rFkkxrkph iwtk dfjrksa AAAA-
iwtk
cqn keZ o la?k gkauk&yadk] tacqf}i] LoxZyksd] cqna /Eea p la?ka lqxrruqHkok /kroks /krqxCesA
ukxyksd] gkae/hy Lrwikae/wu cqnkP;k yadk;a tEcqnhis frnliqjojs ukxyksds p Fkwis AAAA
'kjhjkarhy ftrds vo'ks"k LFkkfir vkgsr] R;k
lokuk eh iz.kke djrksa AAAA-
lxG;k nkgh fn'kkae/wu ftrdha cq}kpha :isa lCcs cqnLl fcEcs ldynlfnls dslyksekfn/krqa
vkgsr] rlsp cqnkP;k 'kjhjkps ds'k oxSjs vo'ks"k oansA
LFkkfiysys vkgsr R;k lokuk eh ueLdkj lCcsfi cqna nloyruqta cks/hpsR;a uekfe AAAA
djrks- AAAA
loZ fBdk.kha olfoysY;k pSR;kauk] cqn'kjhjP;k oUnkfe psfe;a lCca lCcBkuslq ifrrAa
vo'ks"kkauk] cksf/o`{kkyk eh oanu dfjrksa- gha lkjhfjd&/krq egkcks/ cqn&:ia ldya
lnSo cqnkphap :isa vkgsr- AAAA lnk AAAA
738 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES
lkjs izk.kh lq[kh gksoksr] lokps dY;k.k gksoks- lCcs lkk lq[kh gksUrq] lCcs gksUrq p [ksfeuhA
lokuk fgrkpk ekxZ lkiMks] dks.kkykgh lCcs Hknzkf.k iLlUrq] ek dfp nqD[kekxek AAAA
nq%[k u gksoks AAAA
tha Hkwrsa (e`rkRes) i`Foho:u dok varjh{kkarwu;sFksa ;kuh* / Hkwrkuh lekxrkfu HkqEekfu ok
teyha vkgsr rha loZ Hkwrsa lek/kuh gksoksr vkf.k ;kfu o vUrfy[ksA
y{k nsmQu cksy.ksa ,sdksr AAAA lOcso Hkwrk lqeuk HkoUrq vFkksa*fi lDdPp
lq.kUrq Hkkflra AAAA
Eg.kwu loZ Hkwrkauks ,sdk] ekuoh iztos j izse djk- rLek fg Hkwrk fulkesFk lCos eska djksFk ekuqfl;k
ts rqeP;k fgrkdjhrka vgks jk=k vkiyk cGh nsrkr itk;A
R;kaps tkx:di.ksa j{k.k djk- AAAA fnok p jkks p gjfUr ;s cy] rLek fg us jD[kFk
vIiekk AAAA
PALI : ENGLISH DICTIONARY 739
pkaxY;k izdkjsa /eZ vkpjkok] okbZV izdkjsa ukgha- /Eea pjs lqpfjra u ra nqPpfjra pjsA
;k yksdha vkf.k ijyksdha /eZpkjh lq[kkusa /Eepkjh lq[ka lsfr vLe yksds ijfEg p AAAA
>ksi ?ksrks AAAA
iq"dG cksy.;kusa /eZ/j gksr ulrks- tks FkksMdsa u rkork /Ee/jks ;kork cgq HkklfrA
f'kdwu /ekZpk izR;{k vuqHko ?ksrks vkf.k /ekZph ;ks] p vIifEi lqRoku /Eea dk;su iLlfrA
gsGlkaM djhr ukgha rksp ^/eZ/j* gksrks AAAA l os /Ee/jks gksrh ;ks /Eea u IieTtfr AAAA
740 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR : WRITINGS AND SPEECHES
jru lqk
ts Hkwfexr dok vUrfj{kkarhy izk.kh ;s Fksa teys ;kuh/ Hkwrkfu lekxrkfuA HkqEekfu ok ;kfu* o
vlrhy R;kauk eh fuoarh djrks dha] vki.k vUrfG[ks A rFkkxra nsoeuqLliwftra A cqa
rFkkxrkyk (cqnkyk) ueLdkj d:a_ ;s.ksad:u ueLlke lqofRFk gksrq AAAA
rqepsa dY;k.k gksbZy- AAAA
ts Hkwfexr dok vUrfj{kkarhy izk.kh ;s Fksa teys ;kuh/ Hkwrkfu lekxrkfuA HkqEekfu ok ;kfu* o
vlrhy R;kauk eh fouarh djrks dha] T;kyk loZ vUrfG[ks A rFkkxra nsoeuqLliwftra A /Eea
euq"; vkf.k nsofg iwT; ekurkr- R;k rFkkxrkP;k ueLlke lqofRFk gksrq AAAA
/ekZyk vki.k ueLdkj d:a_ ;s.ksad:u rqepsa
dY;k.k gksbZy- AAAA
ts Hkwfexr dok vUrfj{kkarhy izk.kh ;sFksa teys ;kuh/ Hkwrkfu lekxrkfuA HkqEekfu ;kfu* o
vlrhy] R;kauk eh vlsa Eg.krksa dha] T;kyk loZ vUrfG[ks A rFkkxra nsoeuqLliwftra A la?ka
euq"; vkf.k nsofg iqtrkr R;k rFkkxrkP;k euLlke lqofRFk gksrw fr AAAA
la?kkyk euLdkj d:a_ ;s.ksad:u vkepsa
dY;k.k gksbZy- AAAA
Hkwfexr dok vUrfj{kkarhy ts izk.kh ;sFksa teysa ;kuh/ Hkwrkfu lekxrkfuA HkqEekfu ok ;kfu* o
vlrhy rs loZ izk.kh vkuafnr gksoksr] vkf.k gsa vUrfG[ksA lCcs p Hkwrk lqeuk HkoUrq vFkks p
lqHkkf"kr vknjiwoZd ,sdksr AAAA
Eg.kwu gs loZ izk.;kauks] gsa ,sdk- euq";tkrhoj izes rLek fg Hkqrk fulkesFk lCcsA eska djksFk ekuqfl;k
djk-jk=kafnol euq"; rqeph tksikluk djrkr- itk;A fnok p jkks p gjfUr ;s cyA rLek fg us
Eg.kwu R;kaps rqEgh lko/kui.ksa j{k.k djk-AAAA jD[kFk vIikk AAAA
bg dok ijyksdh ts a /u vlsy] dok Loxafr tsa ;a fdfp foka b/ ok gqja okA lXxslq ok ;a jrua
vke jRu vlsy] rsa vkeP;k rFkkxrkP;k rksMhpsa i.khra u uks vla vfRFk rFkkxrsuA bna fi cqs jrua
vj.kkj ukgha- cqnkpsa Bk;ha ol.kkjsa gSa mke jRu i.khraA ,rsu lPpsu lqcfRFk gksrq AAAA
vkgs- gk jRukpsa Lej.k dsY;kusa rqepsa dY;k.k
gksbZy- AAAA
T;k fu py eukP;k 'kkD;equhusa r`".kk{k;e;] Lo;a fojkxa vera i.khraA ;nT>xk lD;equh
fojkxe;] vej vlk tks mke /eZ tk.kyk] lekfgrks u rsu /Eesu lefRFk fdfpA bna fi /Ees
R;kP;klkj[kk nqljk ukgha- /ekZps Bk;h ol.kkjs gsa jrua i.khra ,rsu lPpsu lqofRFk gksrq AAAA
mke jRu vkgs- gk jRukpsa Lej.k dsY;kusa rqepsa
dY;k.k gksbZy- AAAA
PALI : ENGLISH DICTIONARY 741
lTtukauk ilar T;k vkB* O;fkQ] T;kaP;k pkj ;s iqXxyk v lra rlRFkkA pkkfj ;qxkfu gksfUrA
tksMk gksrkr- rs lqxrkps Jkod iwtuh; gksr_ rs nfD[k.ks;k lqxrLl lkodkA ,rslq fnUukfu
R;kax fnysyas nku egRiQynk;d gksr]as la?kkps Bk;ha dgIiQykfuA
ol.kkjsa gsa mke jRu vkgs- gk jRukps Lej.k bna fEi la?ks jrua i.khraA ,rsu lPpsu lqofRFk
dsY;kusa rqepsa dY;k.k gksbZy- AAAA gksrq AAAA
ts loZLokpk R;kx d:u n`< ekuusa xkSrekP;k ;s lqIi;qkk eulk nGgsuA fuDdkfeuks
iaFkkar izo's k djrkr] rs izkIrO; izkIr d:u vkf.k xksrelklufEgA
ve`rkpsa voxkgu d:u vuk;klsa feGfoysY;k rs ifkikk vera foxgA ynk eq/k fuCcqr
'kkarhpk mi;ksx ?ksrkr- la?kkps Bk;h ol.kkjsa gsa HkqtekukA
mke jRu vkgs- gk jRukpsa Lej.k dsY;kusa rqepsa bna fi la?ks jrua i.khraA ,rsu lPpsu lqofRFk
dY;k.k gksbZy- AAAA gksrq AAAA
uxj}kjkleksj i`Fohar ([kksy jksowu) mHkkjysyk ;fFkUn[khyks iBo flrkslh;k prqfOHk okrsfg
LrEHk tlk pkjgh cktwaP;k ok:;kauha gkyr ukgha- vlEidfEi;ksA
rlk tks pkj vk;ZlR;sa fopkjiwoZd tk.krks rks rFk~iea lIiqfjla onfe ;ks vfj;lPpkfu vosPp
l;iq:"k vkgs- vlsa eha Eg.krksa- la?kkps Bk;ha iLlfrA
ol.kkjsa gsa mke jRu vkgs- gk jRukpsa Lej.k bna fi la?ks jrua i.khraA ,rsu lPpsu lqofR/ gksrq
dsY;kusa rqepsa dY;k.k gksbZy- AAAA AAAA
lE;d~ n`"Vh izkIr >kY;kcjkscj rks (ojP;k iSdha lgko jl nLlulaink;] r;Llq /Eek tfgrk
,d) ngkRef"V] dq'kadk o ozr miklklkj[;k HkofUrA
,[kk|k xks"Vhoj vlysyk fo'okl- ;k rhu xks"Vh lDdk;fnf fofpfdfPNra p lhyCcra;k fi
lksMwu nsrks- pkj nqxZrhaiklwu eqDr gksrks o lgk ;nkfRFk fdfpA
xks"Vh R;kP;k gkrwu ?kM.ksa vlaHkouh; gksr-as la?kkps prwgik;sfg p fo"ieqkksA N pfHkBkukfu vHkCcks]
Bk;ha ol.kkjsa gsa mke jRu vkgs- gk jRukpsa Lej.k dkrqaA
dsY;kusa rqepsa dY;k.k gksbZy- AAAA bna fi la?ks jrua i.khraA ,rsu lPpsu lqofRFk
gksrq AAAA
tj R;kP;k dMwu dks;us ]as okpsuas d;k eukusa dkagha fdokfi lks dkEea djksfr ikida] dk;su okpkmn
iki ?kMsy] rj rsa rks dnkfi >kaduw Bso.kkj ukgha- psrlk okA
vlysa R; (fuokZ.k) in T;kusa ikfgysa vkgs- vHkCcks lks rL; ifVPNnk;] vHkCcrk fninLl
v'kkP;k gkrwu gks.ksa 'kD; ukgha- la?kkpsa Bk;ha oqkkA
vlysysa gsa mke jRu vkgs- gk jRukpsa Lej.k bna fi la?ks jrua i.khraA ,rsu lPpsu lqofRFk
dsY;kusa rqepsa dY;k.k gksbZy- AAAA gksrq AAAA
mUgkG;kP;k ifgY;k efgU;kar tlk ,[kknk ouIixqEcs ;Fkk iQqfLlrXxs] fxEgkuekls iBefLe
ouxYe lkxz iziQqfr Ogkok] r}r~ cqkusa fxEgsA
fuokZ.kxkeh ijeJs"B /eZ yksdfgrkFkZ minsf'kyk- rFkwiea /Eeoja nslf;] fuCckuxke ijea fgrk;A
cqnkpsa Bk;ha vlysyas gsa mke jRu vkgs- gk jRukpsa bna fi cqns jrua i.khraA ,rsu lPpsu lqofRFk
Lej.k dsY;kusa rqepsa dY;k.k gksbZy- AAAA gksrq AAAA
Js"B] Js"BK] Js"Bn] Js"B vk.k.kkjk] vuqkj ojks] ojkw] ojnks] ojkagjks] vuqkjks /Eeoja
v'kk cqnkusa Js"B /eZ minsf'kyk vkgs- cqnkps vnslf;A
Bk;ha vlysyas gsa mke jRu vkgs- gk jRukpsa Lej.k bna fi cqns jrua i.khraA ,rsu lPpsu lqofRFk
dsY;kusa rqepsa dY;k.k gksbZy- AAAA gksrq AAAA
T;kpsa tquas deZ {kh.k >kysa vkgs o uosa mRiUu gksr [kh.ka iqjk.ka uoa ufRFk lHkoa] fojrfpkk vk;frds
ukgha] ts Hkkoh tUekfo"k;h fujis{k] rs {kh.kcht HkoLe
vkf.k mRifkPNUn fojfgr /hj iq#"k gk rs[kh.kchtk vfo:fGgNUnks] fuCcfUr /hjk ;Fkk
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PALI : ENGLISH DICTIONARY 743
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DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR
WRITINGS AND SPEECHES
PUBLISHED VOLUMES
Vol. 1
l Castes in India
Vol. 2
l In the Bombay Legislature
Vol. 3
l Philosophy of Hinduism
l Schemes of Books
Vol. 4
l Riddles in Hinduism
Vol. 5
l Untouchables or the Children of Indias Ghetto and other Essays on
Untouchables and Untouchability SocialPoliticalReligious
Vol. 6
l Administration and Finance of The East India Company, The Evolution
of Provincial Finance in British India, The Problem of the Rupee [History
of Indian Currency and Banking, Vol. 1] Miscellaneous Essays.
Vol. 7
Who were the Shudras ?
l How they came to be the Fourth Varna in the Indo-Aryan Society ?
The Untouchables
l Who were They and Why They Became Untouchables ?
Vol. 8
l Reprint of Pakistan or the Partition of India
Vol. 9
l What Congress and Gandhi have done to the Untouchables ? Mr. Gandhi
and the Emancipation of the Untouchables
Vol. 10
l Dr. Ambedkar as Member of the Governor-Generals Executive Council
(1942-46)
Vol. 11
l The Buddha and his Dhamma
Vol. 11SUPPLEMENT
l Pali and other Sources of the Buddha & his Dhamma with an Index
Vol. 12
l Ancient Indian Commerce, The Untouchables and the Pax Britannica,
Lectures on the English Constitution, The Notes on Acts and Laws;
Waiting for a Visa, Other Miscellaneous Essays
Vol. 13
Dr. AMBEDKAR
l The Principal Architect of the Constitution of India
Vol. 14
Dr. Ambedkar and the Hindu Code Bill
Part One
l General Discussion on the Draft (17th November 1947 to 14th December
1950)
Part Two
l Clause by Clause Discussion (5th February 1951 to 25th September 1951)
Vol. 15
l Dr. Ambedkar as free Indias first Law Minister and Member of Opposition
in Indian Parliament (1947 to 1956)
Vol. 16
l Dr. B. R. Ambedkars
Vol. 17
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and his Egalitarian Revolution
Part One
l Struggle for Human Rights
Part Two
l Socio-Political, Religious Activities
Part Three
l Speeches