International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2013)
Implementation of a Novel Bidirectional DC-DC Converter
M. Narender Reddy1, P. Sravan Kumar2, Kumar. Keshamoni3
1
Assoc. Professor, 2Sr. Asst. Professor, Dept. of EEE, Auroras Scientific Technological & Research Academy
3
Asst. Professor, Dept. of ECE, Asst. Professor, RVR Institute of Engineering &Technology
Abstract-- Bidirectional DcDc Converters square
measure accustomed Transfer the facility Between 2 Dc
Sources in Either Direction. These Converters square
measure wide utilized in Applications, like Hybrid electrical
Vehicle Energy Systems, Uninterrupted Power provide,
Fuel-Cell Hybrid Power Systems, electrical phenomenon
Hybrid Power Systems, And Battery Charge. Several
bifacial DcDc Converters are researched. The bifacial Dc
Dc Flyback Converters square measure additional engaging
thanks to straightforward Structure and simple
management. However, These Converters Suffer From
High Voltage Stresses On the facility Devices thanks to the
run electrical device Energy Of The electrical device. A
unique of bifacial DC-DC convertor drive is bestowed
during this paper. The circuit configuration of the planned
convertor is extremely straightforward. The planned
convertor employs a coupled electrical device with same
winding turns within the primary and secondary sides. In
change of magnitude mode, the first and secondary
windings of the coupled electrical device square measure
operated in parallel charge and series discharge to attain
high change of magnitude voltage gain. In change of
magnitude mode, the first and secondary windings of the
coupled electrical device square measure operated
nonparallel charge and parallel discharge to attain high
change of magnitude voltage gain. Thus, the planned
convertor has higher change of magnitude and change of
magnitude voltage gains than the standard bifacial DC-DC
boost/buck convertor. Beneath same electrical specifications
for the planned convertor and therefore the typical bifacial
boost / buck convertor, the common price of the switch
current within the planned convertor is a smaller amount
than the standard bifacial boost / buck convertor. The
operative principle and steady-state analysis square
measure mentioned well. The operative principle and
steady-state analysis square measure mentioned well.
Finally, a 14/42-V example circuit is enforced to verify the
performance for the auto dual-battery system.
Keywords-- DCM, CCM, Flyback, Boost, Buck, Biface,
IGBT, MOSFET, DCM, CCM
I. INTRODUCTION
The circuit configuration of the planned convertor is
extremely easy. The planned convertor employs a
coupled inductance with same winding turns within the
primary and secondary sides. In change of magnitude
mode, the first and secondary windings of the coupled
inductance area unit operated in parallel charge and
series discharge to realize high change of magnitude
voltage gain. In diminution mode, the first and secondary
windings of the coupled inductance area unit operated
serial charge and parallel discharge to realize high
diminution voltage gain.
266
Thus, the planned convertor has higher change of
magnitude and diminution voltage gains than the
traditional bifacial dcdc boost/buck convertor. Beneath
same electrical specifications for the planned convertor
and also the typical bifacial boost/buck convertor, the
typical worth of the switch current within the planned
convertor is a smaller amount than the traditional bifacial
boost/buck convertor.
Bidirectional dcdc converters area unit accustomed
transfer the facility between 2 dc sources in either
direction. These converters area unit wide employed in
applications, like hybrid electrical vehicle energy
systems, uninterrupted power provides, fuel-cell hybrid
power systems, electrical phenomenon hybrid power
systems, , and battery chargers. Several bifacial dcdc
converters are researched. The bifacial dcdc flyback
converters area unit a lot of engaging owing to easy
structure and simple management. However, these
converters suffer from high voltage stresses on the
facility devices owing to the discharge inductance energy
of the electrical device. so as to recycle the discharge
inductance energy and to reduce the voltage stress on the
facility devices, some literatures gift the energy
regeneration techniques to clamp the voltage stress on the
facility devices and to recycle the discharge inductance
energy. Some literatures analysis the isolated bifacial dc
dc converters, that embrace the half-bridge and full-
bridge varieties. These converters will offer high change
of magnitude and diminution voltage gain by adjusting
the turns quantitative relation of the electrical device.
For non-isolated applications, the non-isolated bifacial
dcdc converters, that embrace the traditional
boost/buck, multilevel, three-level, sepic/zeta, switched
electrical device, and matched inductance varieties, area
unit given. The structure sort may be a magnetic less
convertor, however twelve switches area unit employed
in this convertor. If higher change of magnitude and
diminution voltage gains area unit needed, a lot of
switches area unit required. This feedback loop becomes
a lot of sophisticated. Within the three-level sort, the
voltage stress across the switches on the three-level sort
is simply 1/2 the traditional sort. However, the change of
magnitude and diminution voltage gains area unit low.
1.1 Bidirectional DC-DC Converters
Most of the present biface dc-dc converters constitute
the generic circuit structure illustrated in Figure one.1,
that is characterized by a current fed or voltage consumed
one facet.
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2013)
Supported the position of the auxiliary energy storage,
the biface dc-dc convertor will be classified into buck
and boost kind. The buck kind is to own energy storage
placed on the high voltage facet, and also the boost kind
is to own it placed on the low voltage facet.
Figure 1.1 Illustration of bidirectional power flow
To realize the double sided power flow in duplex dc-
dc converters, the switch cell ought to carry this on each
directions. Its typically enforced with a unidirectional
semiconductor power switch like power MOSFET
(Metal-Oxide- Semiconductor-Field-Effect-Transistor) or
IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) in parallel with
a diode; as a result of the double sided current flow
power switch isn't accessible. For the buck and boost dc-
dc sort converters, the duplex power flow is realized by
exchange the switch and diode with the double sided
current switch cell.
Figure 1.2 Switch cell in bidirectional dc-dc converter
Numerous topologies for attainable implementation as
two-way dc-dc converters are reported to date. Primarily
they're divided into 2 sorts, non-isolated and isolated
converters, meeting totally different application needs.
II. P ROPOSED CONCEPT
Bidirectional dcdc converters area unit wont to
transfer the facility between 2 dc sources in either
direction. These converters area unit wide employed in
applications, like hybrid electrical vehicle energy
systems, uninterrupted power provides, fuel-cell hybrid
power systems, electrical phenomenon hybrid power
systems, , and battery chargers. Several biface dcdc
converters are researched.
267
The biface dcdc flyback converters area unit
additional engaging thanks to easy structure and
straightforward management. However, these converters
suffer from high voltage stresses on the facility devices
thanks to the run electrical device energy of the electrical
device. So as to recycle the run electrical device energy
and to reduce the voltage stress on the facility devices,
some literatures gift the energy regeneration techniques
to clamp the voltage stress on the facility devices and to
recycle the run electrical device energy. Some literatures
analysis the isolated biface dcdc converters, that
embrace the half-bridge and full-bridge varieties. These
converters will offer high increase and reduction
Fig. 2.1. Conventional bidirectional dcdc boost/buck converter.
Fig. 2.2. Proposed bidirectional dcdc converter.
Voltage gain by adjusting the turns magnitude relation
of the electrical device. For non-isolated applications, the
non-isolated bifacial dcdc converters, that embrace the
traditional boost/buck, multilevel, three-level, sepic/zeta,
switched condenser, and matched inductance varieties,
square measure conferred. The structure kind may be a
magnetic fewer devices; however twelve switches square
measure utilized in this device. If higher increase and
decrease voltage gains square measure needed, additional
switches square measure required. This negative
feedback circuit becomes additional difficult. Within the
three-level kind, the voltage stress across the switches on
the three-level kind is simply half the traditional kind.
However, the increase and decrease voltage gains square
measure low.
Since the sepic/zeta kind is combined of 2 power
stages, the conversion potency is going to be bated. The
switched condenser and matched inductance varieties
will offer high increase and step-down voltage gains.
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2013)
However, their circuit configurations square measure Where k is the coupling coefficient of the coupled
difficult. Fig. 3.1 shows the traditional bifacial dcdc inductor. The voltages across the primary and secondary
boost/buck device that is easy structure and simple windings of the coupled inductor are as follows:
management. However, the increase and decrease voltage
gains square measure low. A changed dcdc boost device
is conferred [26]. The voltage gain of this device is over
the traditional dcdc boost device. Supported this device,
a completely unique bifacial dcdc device is planned, as
shown in Fig.3.2. The planned device employs a coupled
inductance with same winding turns within the primary
and secondary sides. Fig.3.4 shows some typical waveforms in continuous
conductivity mode (CCM) and discontinuous
conductivity mode (DCM). The in operation principles
and steady-state analysis of CCM and DCM area unit
delineated as follows.
2.1.1. CCM Operation
1) Mode 1: During this time interval [t0, t1], S1 and
S2 are turned on and S3 is turned off. The current flow
path is shown in Fig. 3.5(a). The energy of the low-
voltage side VL is transferred to the coupled inductor.
Meanwhile, the primary and secondary windings of the
coupled inductor are in parallel. The energy stored in the
Fig. 2.3. Proposed converter in step-up mode. capacitor CH is discharged to the load. Thus, the voltages
across L1 and L2 are obtained as
Comparing to the projected convertor and therefore
the standard biface boost/buck convertor, the projected
convertor has the subsequent advantages: 1) Higher
change of magnitude and change of magnitude voltage Substituting (3) and (4) into (5), yielding
gains and 2) lower average worth of the switch current
beneath same electrical specifications. The subsequent
sections can describe the in operation principles and
steady-state analysis for the change of magnitude and
change of magnitude modes. so as to investigate the 2) Mode 2: During this time interval [t1, t2], S1 and
steady-state characteristics of the projected convertor, S2 are turned off and S3 is turned on. The current flow
some conditions are assumed: The ON-state resistance path is shown in Fig. 3.5(b). The low-voltage side VL
RDS(ON) of the switches and therefore the equivalent and the coupled inductor are in series to transfer their
series resistances of the coupled electrical device and energies to the capacitor CH and the load. Meanwhile,
electrical condensers are ignored; the electrical condenser the primary and secondary windings of the coupled
is sufficiently large; and therefore the voltages across the inductor are in series. Thus, the following equations are
capacitor is treated as constant. found to be
2.1 Step-Up Mode:
The projected device in change of magnitude mode is
shown in Fig. 3. The pulse width modulation (PWM)
technique is employed to manage the switches S1 and S2
at the same time. The switch S3 is that the synchronous Substituting (3), (4), and (7) into (8), yielding
rectifier. Since the first and coil turns of the coupled
electrical device is same, the inductance of the coupled
electrical device within the primary and secondary sides
area unit expressed as
Thus, the mutual inductance M of the coupled inductor By using the state-space averaging method, the
is given by: following equation is derived from (6) and (9):

268
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2013)
Simplifying (10), the voltage gain is given as
2.1.2. DCM Operation
1) Mode 1: During this time interval [t0, t1], S1 and S2
are turned on and S3 is turned off. The current flow path
is shown in Fig. 3.5(a). The operating principle is same
as that for the mode 1 of CCM operation. From (6), the
two peak currents through the primary and secondary
windings of the coupled inductor are given by
Fig. 2.4. Some typical waveforms of the proposed converter in step-
up mode. (a) CCM operation. (b) DCM operation.
269
Fig. 2.5. Current flow path of the proposed converter in step-up
mode. (a) Mode 1. (b) Mode 2. (c) Mode 3 for DCM operation.
2) Mode 2: During this time interval [t1, t2], S1 and
S2 are turned off and S3 is turned on. The current flow
path is shown in Fig. 5(b). The low-voltage side VL and
the coupled inductor are in series to transfer their
energies to the capacitor CH and the load. Meanwhile,
the primary and secondary windings of the coupled
inductor are in series. The currents iL1 and iL2 through
the primary and secondary windings of the coupled
inductor are decreased to zero at t = t2. From (9), another
expression of IL1p and IL2p is given by
3) Mode 3: During this time interval [t2, t3], S1 and
S2 are still turned off and S3 is still turned on. The
current flow path is shown in Fig. 3.5(c). The energy
stored in the coupled inductor is zero. Thus, iL1 and iL2
are equal to zero. The energy stored in the capacitor CH
is discharged to the load. From (12) and (13), D2 is
derived as follows:
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2013)
From Fig. 3.4(b), the average value of the output Substituting (3), (4), and (21) into (22), yielding
capacitor current during each switching period is given
by

Substituting (12) and (14) into (15), IcH is derived as

Since IcH is equal to zero under steady state, (16) can

be rewritten as follows:

Then, the normalized inductor time constant is defined

as

Fig. 2.6. Some typical waveforms of the proposed converter in step-

down mode. (a) CCM operation. (b) DCM operation.
Where fs is the switching frequency. Substituting (18)
into (17), the voltage gain is given by

2.2. Step-Down Mode

Fig. 3.7 shows the proposed converter in step-down
mode. The PWM technique is used to control the switch
S3. The switches S1 and S2 are the synchronous
rectifiers. Fig. 3.8 shows some typical waveforms in
CCM and DCM. The operating principle and steady-state
analysis of CCM and DCM are described as follows.
2.2.1. CCM Operation
1) Mode 1: During this time interval [t0, t1], S3 is
turned on and S1/S2 are turned off. The current flow path Fig. 2.7. Current flow path of the proposed converter in step-down
mode. (a) Mode 1. (b) Mode 2. (c) Mode 3 for DCM operation.
is shown in Fig. 3.9(a). The energy of the high-voltage
side VH is transferred to the coupled inductor, the 2) Mode 2: During this time interval [t1, t2], S3 is
capacitor CL, and the load. Meanwhile, the primary and turned off and S1/S2 are turned on. The current flow path
secondary windings of the coupled inductor are in series. is shown in Fig. 3.9(b). The energy stored in the coupled
Thus, the following equations are given as: inductor is released to the capacitor CL and the load.
Meanwhile, the primary and secondary windings of the
coupled inductor are in parallel.
Thus, the voltages across L1 and L2 are derived as

270
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2013)
Substituting (3) and (4) into (24), yielding

By using the state space averaging method, the

following equation is obtained from (23) and (25):

Simplifying (26), the voltage gain is found to be

2.2.2. DCM Operation Fig. 2.8. Boundary condition of the proposed converter in step-
The operating modes can be divided into three modes, down mode (assuming k = 1).
defined as modes 1, 2, and 3. Substituting (28) and (30) into (31), IcL is derived as
1) Mode 1: During this time interval [t0, t1], S3 is
turned on and S1/S2 are turned off. The current flow path
is shown in Fig. 3.9(a). The operating principle is same
as that for the mode 1 of CCM operation. From (23), the
two peak currents through the primary and secondary
Since IcL is equal to zero under steady state, (32) can
windings of the coupled inductor are given by
be rewritten as follows:

2) Mode 2: During this time interval [t1, t2], S3 is

turned off and S1/S2 are turned on. The current flow path Then, the normalized inductor time constant is defined
is shown in Fig. 3.9(b). The energy stored in the coupled as
inductor is released to the capacitor CL and the load.
Meanwhile, the primary and secondary windings of the
coupled inductor are in parallel. The currents iL1 and iL2
through the primary and secondary windings of the
coupled inductor are decreased to zero at t = t2. From Substituting (34) into (33), the voltage gain of DCM
(25), another expression of IL1p and IL2p is given as operation is given by

3) Mode 3: During this time interval [t2, t3], S3 is still

turned off and S1/S2 are still turned on. The current flow
path is shown in Fig.3. 9(c). The energy stored in the
coupled inductor is zero. Thus, iL1 and iL2 are equal to
zero. The energy stored in the capacitor CL is discharged
to the load. From (28) and (29), D2 is derived as follows:
From Fig. 3.9(b), the average value of the output
capacitor current during each switching period is given
by
271
III. CONCLUSION
This comes researches a unique two-way dcdc
convertor. The circuit configuration of the planned
convertor is incredibly easy. The planned convertor has
higher change of magnitude and decrease voltage gains
and lower average price of the switch current than the
traditional two-way boost/buck convertor. From the
experimental results, it's see that the experimental
waveforms consider the operational principle and steady-
state analysis.
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2013)
At full-load condition, the measured potency is ninety
two.7% in accelerate mode and is ninety three.7% in
decrease mode. Also, the measured potency is around
ninety two.7%96.2% in change of magnitude mode and
is around ninety three.7%96.7% in decrease mode, that
area unit more than the traditional two-way boost/buck
convertor.
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 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 12, December 2013)
About the Authors:
M. Narender Reddy, Obtained his B.Tech
Degree from JNTU in 2002, and he has
done his post graduation in power
electronics and Industrial drives in 2008
from J.N.T.U Hyderabad. He is currently
pursuing Ph.D in energy systems, J.N.T.U
Hyderabad. His research interests are in
the area Energy systems, Power electronics
and electrical machines. Presently, he is
working as Associate professor and also heading the
department of EEE at Auroras Scientific, Technological &
Research academy Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh, India. As the
head of Department in he has published several papers and also
organized various workshops for the benefit of the students.
Mr. P. Sravan kumar, at present is a Sr.
Assistant Professor department of Electrical
& Electronics Engineering, Auroras
Scientific, Technological & Research
academy Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh, India.
He received B.Tech. degree in Electrical
and Electronics Engineering from J.N.T.U
Hyderabad in2008 , M.Tech (Power
Electronics) from J.N.T.U, Hyderabad India
He published several papers in various National, International
Conferences and Journals. His research interests accumulate in
the area of Power Electronics, DC-DC Converters, and
Renewable energy sources and Electrical Machines.
273
Kumar. Keshamoni obtained his B.Tech
in Electronics & Communication
Engineering from the University of
JNTU, his M.Tech in VLSI Design from
the University of JNTU-Hyderabad. He
is currently the Asst. Professor in
Department of Electronics &
Communication Engineering, RVR
Institute of Engineering &Technology in
University of the JNTU-Hyderabad. Kumar. Keshamoni is
Chair of World Committees Associate Member of UACEE
(Universal Association of Computer & Electronics Engineers),
Member of Electric Vehicles Community for IEEE, Member of
IAENG and an Advisory Board of WATT (World Association
of Technology Teachers). He is also on the Advisory &
Editorial Board of IJETAE, an Associate Editor of IJPRET,
Editor of IJOART, Editorial Board & Review Committee of
IJSER, an Editorial & Review Board of IJTRA, Editor, writer
& Peer Reviewer of edition International Publisher, Peer
Reviewer of AJET, Review Committee of IJERT, Editorial &
Review Board of IJOAR, Review Board of IJASCSE,
Advisory& Editorial Board of IJRDET, Editorial Board of
IJEERT Member of IAENG, Writer& Review Board of IJEVS,
Advisory Board of WRJET, Reviewer of IJEEE, Scientific
Committee & Editorial Review Board on Engineering and
Physical Sciences of WASET and Editorial Board of
IAASSE. He is also working as a member for 5
International conference committees. He has published about
16 research articles in International Journals and 5 papers in
National and International Conferences and attended several
National, International Conferences, and Workshops & Faculty
Development Programs in different organizations. His recent
research interests lie in the area of Embedded, VLSI Design,
Digital Signal Processing and Nanotechnology.