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DATA COMPANION
L.P.B.M. Janssen
M.M.C.G. Warmoeskerken
1
TRANSPORT
PHENOMENA
DATA COMPANION
TRANSPORT
PHENOMENA
DATA COMPANION
L.P.B.M. Janssen
M.M.C.G. Warmoeskerken
VSSD
VSSD
First edition 1987
Third edition 1997, 2001, 2006
Published by:
VSSD
Leeghwaterstraat 42, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands
tel. +31 15 27 82124, telefax +31 15 27 87585, e-mail: hlf@vssd.nl
internet: http://www.vssd.nl/hlf
URL on this and related books: http://www.vssd.nl/hlf/c017.htm
Preface
Many of the data needed for calculations in chemical engineering are dispersed over the
literature. Moreover, various systems of units are used, often forcing the user to perform
tedious conversions before a quick calculation can be started. In this companion the
authors have compiled those data that, according to their experience, are used frequently
in transport phenomena and related subjects and, since all data are in S.I. units, rapid
access to various calculations is facilitated.
This book is of course no substitute for a complete literature survey and no compendium
on all data available in literature. On many occasions a selection had to be made from
a multitude of expressions. For instance, for the mass transfer to bubbles, drops and
particles, dozens of correlations are available. In those cases the most general correlation
or the expression most commonly used has been chosen.
This companion consists of four parts. The rst part is general and gives information
varying from the Greek alphabet to calibration curves for thermocouples and pH ranges
of indicators.
The second part consists of frequently used mathematics. In addition to general
mathematical techniques, a selection of vectorial and tensorial calculus relevant to hydro-
dynamics and elementary rheology has been added.
The third part is a compendium of the transport phenomena. A systematic arrangement
facilitates its use. The gures are in such a form that easy reading and accuracy are
combined.
In the nal part various material properties are given. Special attention has been paid to
the most commonly used materials: air and water, but also frequently used materials like
for instance hydrocarbons, foods and others are included.
For easy access to the data an extensive index is very important, so, special attention has
been given to make the index as complete as possible.
We hope this book will be useful for all those involved in transport phenomena, students,
scientists as well as engineers, and we are grateful to everybody who has contributed
to improve this companion by suggestions and criticism. Any further suggestions and
amendments will be gratefully received.
L.P.B.M. Janssen
M.M.C.G. Warmoeskerken
Contents
MISCELLANEOUS 11
Greek Alphabet 12
S.I. Prefixes 12
Periodic Table 13
Mathematical Constants 14
Standard S.I. Units 14
Derived S.I. Units 14
Physical Constants 15
Conversion Factors 16
Temperature Scales 18
Approximations for Physical Properties 19
Therrnocouples 20
pH Range of Acid Base Indicators 24
MATHEMATICS 25
Volume and Surface of Some Bodies 26
Integrals 29
Elementary Differential Equations 37
Approximations for Bessel Functions 39
The Error Function 42
Laplace Transforms 43
Properties 43
Frequently used Laplace transforms 45
Vectors and Tensors 47
Differentiation in Vector and Tensor Notation 49
Linear Regression 52
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA 53
Concentration Notation 54
Microscopic Balances in General Form 55
Bernoulli Equations 58
Balances for Idealised Materials 59
Frequently Occurring Flow Fields in Tensor Notation 62
Rheological Models 63
INDEX 154
Mathematics
Phenomena
Transport
c017.indBS
60-61
Balances for Idealised Materials (cont.)
23-05-2006, 09:52
61
Frequently Occurring Flow
62 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Fields in Tensor Notation
Properties
Material
Water
Prandtl
thermal diffusion coefcient
heat of vaporization
cubic expansion coefcient
dielectrical constant
surface tension
electrical conductivity
density
vapor pressure
thermal condutivity coefcient
dynamic viscosity
specic heat
compressibility
refractive index
velocity of sound
properties of water and steam above 100 C
Solubility
Table
Index
90 open channel, hydraulic B C
diameters 86 balanced idealised materials cadmium 118, 133, 136
59 calcium 132, 136
A balances 55 , chloride 123, 151
a naphtol benzeine 24 barium 132 candela 14
Abels theorem 44 barium chloride 151 cane sugar 148
absolute humidity 19, 88, 89 basic integrals 2934 caproic acid 153
absorption coefficient 121 benzaldehyde 152 carbon dioxide 120, 130, 135,
acetate 133 benzene 119, 123, 130, 134, 10
acetic acid 123, 153 135, 152 carbon disulfide 134
acetone 119, 123, 126, 153 benzyl alcohol 152 carbon monoxide 117, 130,
acetylene 117, 120, 130, 135 Bernoulli equations 58 134
acid base indicators 24 Bernoulli, differential carbon tetrachloride 134, 152
actinide series 13 equations 37 carbon tetrafluoride 134
activation energy 68, 70 Bessel functions 3941 carbonate 132
adiabatic cooling line 88, 89 Bessel, differential equations carbondioxide 113
adiabatic flow ideal gas 58 38 Casson 128
air 19, 113, 120, 130, 137 biaxial elongation 62 , fluid 63
air-water system 88, 89 binary diffusion coefficient 19 Cauchy number 70
alcohol 117, 123 binary vapour-liquid Cauchy, differential equations
alizarine, yellow 24 equilibrium 139 38
alphabet, greek 12 Bingham 64, 128 cellulose acetate 124
aluminium 118, 121, 132 , number 70 cellulose diacetate 134
, sulphate 151 , plastic 63, 65 Celsius 18
ammonia 117, 120, 130, 135 Biot number 70 centrifugal force 71
ammonium 132, 150 bismuth 133 cesium 136
, chloride 123, 151 black bodies 121 characteristic length 68
, hydroxide 151 black lacques 121 characteristic process time 71
amyl alcohol 153 Blake-Kozeny 80 chemical reaction rate 71, 74
analogies between heat Blasius flow 75 chemical resistance 125
transfer and mass transfer block 26 Chilton-Colburn analogy 78
78 Bodenstein number 70 chlorate 132
aniline 152, 153 boiling point 130 chloric acid 122, 123
annular 96 Boltzman constant 15 chloride 132, 136
antimony 118, 133 Bond number 70 chlorine 120, 135
sauce 127, 128 borate 132 chloro phenol red 24
approximation formulae for brass 118, 121 chloroform 119, 123, 152
thermocouples 20 brick 117, 121 chocolate 128, 132
aqueous solution 122, 126 brilliant cresyl blue 24 chromel/alumel thermocouple
Archimedes 75 Brinkman number 70 2023
, number 70 bromide 132, 134, 136 chromium 118, 121, 132
argon 113, 134, 135 bromo cresol blue 24 classical Maxwell fluid 63
Arrhenius number 70 bromo cresol purple 24 coal 117, 121
arsenate 132 bromo phenol blue 24 cobalt 118, 121, 133
arsenite 132 brown coal 117 codeformational derative 51
asbestos 117, 121 bubble flow 98 composition of air 113
asphalt 117 bubble formation 99 composition of gas 118
atomic mass 13 bubble shape 93 compressibility 110
atomic number 13 bulk expansion coefficient 69 , gas 129
avogadro number 15 buoyancy force 72 concentration notation 54
axial diffusion 70 Burke-Plummer 80 concentric tube, hydraulic
azolithmine 24 butane 117 diameters 86
butanol 153 concrete 117
butter 127 conduction of heat 70
butyric acid 153
Published by VSSD
ISBN-10 90-71301-59-1
ISBN-13 978-90-71301-59-9
c017