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TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

DATA COMPANION
L.P.B.M. Janssen
M.M.C.G. Warmoeskerken
1

TRANSPORT
PHENOMENA
DATA COMPANION

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TRANSPORT
PHENOMENA
DATA COMPANION

L.P.B.M. Janssen

professor at the Department of


Chemical Engineering of
Groningen University

M.M.C.G. Warmoeskerken

professor at the Faculty of


Science and Technologyof the
University of Twente

VSSD

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4 Transport Phenomena Data Companion

VSSD
First edition 1987
Third edition 1997, 2001, 2006

Published by:
VSSD
Leeghwaterstraat 42, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands
tel. +31 15 27 82124, telefax +31 15 27 87585, e-mail: hlf@vssd.nl
internet: http://www.vssd.nl/hlf
URL on this and related books: http://www.vssd.nl/hlf/c017.htm

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a


retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher.

Printed in The Netherlands


ISBN 90-71301-59-1
NUR 952
Keywords: transport phenomena

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5

Preface
Many of the data needed for calculations in chemical engineering are dispersed over the
literature. Moreover, various systems of units are used, often forcing the user to perform
tedious conversions before a quick calculation can be started. In this companion the
authors have compiled those data that, according to their experience, are used frequently
in transport phenomena and related subjects and, since all data are in S.I. units, rapid
access to various calculations is facilitated.
This book is of course no substitute for a complete literature survey and no compendium
on all data available in literature. On many occasions a selection had to be made from
a multitude of expressions. For instance, for the mass transfer to bubbles, drops and
particles, dozens of correlations are available. In those cases the most general correlation
or the expression most commonly used has been chosen.
This companion consists of four parts. The rst part is general and gives information
varying from the Greek alphabet to calibration curves for thermocouples and pH ranges
of indicators.
The second part consists of frequently used mathematics. In addition to general
mathematical techniques, a selection of vectorial and tensorial calculus relevant to hydro-
dynamics and elementary rheology has been added.
The third part is a compendium of the transport phenomena. A systematic arrangement
facilitates its use. The gures are in such a form that easy reading and accuracy are
combined.
In the nal part various material properties are given. Special attention has been paid to
the most commonly used materials: air and water, but also frequently used materials like
for instance hydrocarbons, foods and others are included.
For easy access to the data an extensive index is very important, so, special attention has
been given to make the index as complete as possible.
We hope this book will be useful for all those involved in transport phenomena, students,
scientists as well as engineers, and we are grateful to everybody who has contributed
to improve this companion by suggestions and criticism. Any further suggestions and
amendments will be gratefully received.

Groningen and Delft,

L.P.B.M. Janssen
M.M.C.G. Warmoeskerken

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Contents
MISCELLANEOUS 11
Greek Alphabet 12
S.I. Prefixes 12
Periodic Table 13
Mathematical Constants 14
Standard S.I. Units 14
Derived S.I. Units 14
Physical Constants 15
Conversion Factors 16
Temperature Scales 18
Approximations for Physical Properties 19
Therrnocouples 20
pH Range of Acid Base Indicators 24

MATHEMATICS 25
Volume and Surface of Some Bodies 26
Integrals 29
Elementary Differential Equations 37
Approximations for Bessel Functions 39
The Error Function 42
Laplace Transforms 43
Properties 43
Frequently used Laplace transforms 45
Vectors and Tensors 47
Differentiation in Vector and Tensor Notation 49
Linear Regression 52

TRANSPORT PHENOMENA 53
Concentration Notation 54
Microscopic Balances in General Form 55
Bernoulli Equations 58
Balances for Idealised Materials 59
Frequently Occurring Flow Fields in Tensor Notation 62
Rheological Models 63

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8 Transport Phenomena Data Companion
8 Transport Phenomena Data Companion

Pressure Throughput Characteristics for the Flow of Liquids


Through a Straight Round Tube 65
Residence Time Distribution 66
Quantities and Their Dimensions 68
Alphabetical List of Dimensionless Numbers 70
Frequently Used Dimensionless Correlations 75
Analogies between Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer 78
Drag Coefficient C w for Flow around Obstacles 79
Richardson-Zaki equation 80
Friction coefficient Cw of packed beds as a function of Reh 80
Drag coefficients for flow around spheres, cylinders and
disks 81
Friction Coefficient Kw for Flow through Tube Systems 82
Friction factor for flow in tubes 84
Hydraulic diameters 86
The power number Po of impellers as a function of Re 87
Humidity Diagrams for Air-Water Systems at Atmospheric
Pressure 88
Fourier Instationary Heat and Mass Transfer 90
Shapes of Free Rising Bubbles or Drops in Newtonian Liquids 93
Rising Velocity of Air Bubbles in Water 94
Rising Velocity or Fall Velocity of Drops in Liquids of Low
Viscosity 95
Two Phase Gas-Liquid Flow in Horizontal Tubes 96
Two Phase Cocurrent Flow of Gas-Liquid through Vertical Tubes 98
Formation of Bubbles at a Nozzle 99
Heat and Mass Transfer for Flow around Spheres 100

MATERIAL PROPERTIES 101


Water 102
The Prandtl number 103
Thermal diffusion coefficient 103
Heat of vaporization 104
Cubic expansion coefficient 103
Dielectrical constant 105
Surface tension 105
Electrical conductivity 105
Density 106

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Contents 9

Vapor pressure 107


Thermal conductivity coefficient 107
Dynamic viscosity 108
Specific heat 109
Compressibility 110
Refractive index 110
Velocity of sound 111
Properties of water and steam above 100 C 111
Physical Properties of Ice 112
Air 113
Composition of air 113
The Prandtl number 113
Thermal diffusion coefficient 114
Density 114
Dynamic viscosity 115
Thermal conductivity coefficient 115
Specific heat 116
Ratio of specific heats 116
Sound velocity 116
Physical Properties of Some Materials 117
Density, specific heat and heat conductivity coefficient 117
Heat of combustion of some fuels 117
Properties of natural gas 118
Melting point and heat of melting of some materials 118
Properties of some liquids 119
Properties of some gases 120
Physical properties of some metals 121
Absorption coefficient a of various surfaces for heat
radiation 121
Electrical conductivity of some aqueous solutions 122
Cubic coefficient of expansion of some liquids 123
Eutectic temperature of freezing mixtures with snow or ice 123
Properties of some plastics 124
Refractive index of aqueous solutions at 20 C 126
Properties of foods 127
Viscosities of foods 128
Compressibility of Gases 129

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10 Transport Phenomena Data Companion
10 Transport Phenomena Data Companion

Critical constants, boiling point and molecular weight of


various substances 130
Solubility Table 131
Solubility Parameters 134
Liquified gases at 90 K 134
Liquid solvents at 25 C 134
Amorphous polymers near 25 C 134
Diffusion Coefficients 135
Diffusion coefficients of gases in water 135
Diffusion coefficients of gases and vapours in air 135
Diffusion coefficients of ions in water at very low
concentrations 136
Henry's Law 137
Henry's law constant for the solubility of gases in water 137
Henry's law constant for the solubility of gases in ionic
solutions 138
Equilibrium Data for Hydrocarbons 139
Dynamic Viscosity 144
Dynamic viscosity of ethanol-water solutions 144
Dynamic viscosity of glycerol-water solutions 146
Dynamic viscosity of glycerol-water solutions as a function
of temperature at different weight percentages of glycerol 147
Dynamic viscosity of cane sugar dissolved in water as a
function of temperature at different weight percentages of
cane sugar 148
Dynamic viscosity of PVP (type K.90) dissolved in tap
water at 20 C 149
Dynamic viscosity of some gases as a function of
temperature at atmospheric pressure 150
Surface Tension 151
Surface tension of some inorganic substances in water
against air 151
Surface tension against air and interfacial tension against
water of some organic liquids 152
Surface tension against air of some water-organic liquid
solutions 153

INDEX 154

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Miscellaneous
11

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12 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Greek Alphabet S.I. Prexes

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Periodic Table 13

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Mathematical Constants
14 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Standard S.I. Units Derived S.I. Units

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Physical Constants 15

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16 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Conversion Factors

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Conversion Factors (continued) 17

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Conversion Factors (continued)
18 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Temperature Scales

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Approximations for Physical Constants of Water and Air 19

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20 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Thermocouples

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Thermocouples (continued) 21

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22 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Thermocouples (continued)

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Thermocouples (continued) 23

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24 Transport Phenomena Data Companion pH Range of Acid Base Indicators

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25

Mathematics

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26 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Volume and Surface of Some Bodies

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Volume and Surface of Some Bodies (continued) 27

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28 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Volume and Surface of Some Bodies (cont.)

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Integrals 29

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30 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Integrals (continued)

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Integrals (continued) 31

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32 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Integrals (continued)

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Integrals (continued) 33

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34 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Integrals (continued)

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Integrals (continued) 35

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36 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Integrals (continued)

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Elementary Differential Equations 37

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38 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Elementary Differential Equations

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Approximations for Bessel Functions 39

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40 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Approximations for Bessel Functions

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Approximations for Bessel Functions 41

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42 Transport Phenomena Data Companion The Error Function

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Laplace Transforms 43

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44 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Laplace Transforms

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Laplace Transforms 45

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46 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Laplace Transforms

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Vectors and Tensors 47

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48 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Vectors and Tensors (continued)

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Vectors and Tensors (continued) 49

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50 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Vectors and Tensors (continued)

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Vectors and Tensors (continued) 51

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52 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Linear Regression

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53

Phenomena
Transport

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54 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Concentration Notation

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Microscopic Balances in General Form 55

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56 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Microscopic Balances in General Form (cont.)

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Microscopic Balances in General Form (cont.) 57

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58 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Bernoulli Equations

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Balances for Idealised Materials 59

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60 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Balances for Idealised Materials (cont.)

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energy balance for Newtonian uids with constant density and constant heat conductivity

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60-61
Balances for Idealised Materials (cont.)

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61
Frequently Occurring Flow
62 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Fields in Tensor Notation

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Rheological Models 63

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64 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Rheological Models (continued)

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Pressure-Throughput Characteristics for Laminar Flow of Liquids in a Straight Round Tube 65

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66 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Residence Time Distribution

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Residence Time Distribution (continued) 67

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68 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Quantities and their Dimensions

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Quantities and their Dimensions (continued) 69

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70 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Dimensionless Numbers
Alphabetical List of Dimensionless Numbers
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Dimensionless Numbers (continued) 71
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72 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Dimensionless Numbers (continued)
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Dimensionless Numbers (continued) 73
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74 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Dimensionless Numbers (continued)
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Frequently Used Dimensionless Correlations 75

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Frequently Used Dimensionless Correlations
76 Transport Phenomena Data Companion (continued)

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Frequently Used Dimensionless Correlations (continued) 77

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Analogies between Heat Transfer
78 Transport Phenomena Data Companion and Mass Transfer

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Drag Coefcient Cw for Flow around Obstacles 79

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Drag Coefcient Cw for Flow
80 Transport Phenomena Data Companion around Obstacles (continued)

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Drag Coefcient Cw for Flow around Obstacles (continued) 81

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Friction Coefcient Kw for
82 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Flow through Tube Systems

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Friction Coefcient Kw for Flow through Tube Systems (continued) 83

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Friction Coefcient Kw for
84 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Flow through Tube Systems (continued)

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Friction Coefcient Kw for Flow through Tube Systems (continued) 85

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Friction Coefcient Kw for
86 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Flow through Tube Systems (continued)

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Friction Coefcient Kw for Flow through Tube Systems (continued) 87

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Humidity Diagram for Air-Water Systems at
88 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Atmospheric Pressure (I)

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Humidity Diagram for Air-Water Systems at Atmospheric Pressure (II) 89

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90 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Fourier Instationary Heat and Mass Transfer

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Fourier Instationary Heat and Mass Transfer (continued) 91

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Fourier Instationary Heat and Mass Transfer
92 Transport Phenomena Data Companion (continued)

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Shapes and Free Rising Bubbles or Drops in Newtonian Liquids 93

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94 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Rising Velocity of Air Bubbles in Water

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Rising Velocity or Fall Velocity of Drops in Liquids of Low Viscosity hc < 5 m Pa s 95

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Two Phase Gas-Liquid Flow
96 Transport Phenomena Data Companion in Horizontal Tubes

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Two Phase Gas-Liquid Flow in Horizontal Tubes (continued) 97

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Two Phase Cocurrent Flow of Gas-Liquid
98 Transport Phenomena Data Companion through Vertical Tubes

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Formation of Bubbles at a Nozzle 99

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Heat and Mass Transfer for
100 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Flow around Spheres

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101

Properties
Material

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102 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Water

Water
Prandtl
thermal diffusion coefcient
heat of vaporization
cubic expansion coefcient
dielectrical constant
surface tension
electrical conductivity
density
vapor pressure
thermal condutivity coefcient
dynamic viscosity
specic heat
compressibility
refractive index
velocity of sound
properties of water and steam above 100 C

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Water (continued) 103

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104 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Water (continued)

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Water (continued) 105

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106 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Water (continued)

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Water (continued) 107
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108 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Water (continued)

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Water (continued) 109
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110 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Water (continued)

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Water (continued) 111
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112 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Physical Properties of Ice

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Air 113

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114 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Air (continued)

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Air (continued) 115

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116 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Air (continued)

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Physical Properties of Some Materials 117

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Physical Properties of Some Materials
118 Transport Phenomena Data Companion (cotinued)

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Physical Properties of Some Materials (continued) 119

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Physical Properties of Some Materials
120 Transport Phenomena Data Companion (continued)

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Physical Properties of Some Materials (continued) 121

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Physical Properties of Some Materials
122 Transport Phenomena Data Companion (continued)

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Physical Properties of Some Materials (continued) 123

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Physical Properties of Some Materials
124 Transport Phenomena Data Companion (continued)

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Physical Properties of Some Materials (continued) 125

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Physical Properties of Some Materials
126 Transport Phenomena Data Companion (continued)

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Physical Properties of Some Materials (continued) 127

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Physical Properties of Some Materials
128 Transport Phenomena Data Companion (continued)

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Compressibility of Gases 129

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130 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Compressibility of Gases (continued)

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Solubility Table 131

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132 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Solubility Table

Solubility

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133

Table

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134 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Solubility Parameters

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Diffusion Coefcients 135

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136 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Diffusion Coefcients (continued)

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Henrys Law 137

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138 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Henrys Law (continued)

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Equilibrium Data for Hydrocarbons 139

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140 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Equilibrium Data for Hydrocarbons (continued)

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Equilibrium Data for Hydrocarbons (continued) 141

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142 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Equilibrium Data for Hydrocarbons (continued)

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Equilibrium Data for Hydrocarbons (continued) 143

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144 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Dynamic Viscosity

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Dynamic Viscosity (continued) 145

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146 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Dynamic Viscosity (continued)

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Dynamic Viscosity (continued) 147

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148 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Dynamic Viscosity (continued)

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Dynamic Viscosity (continued) 149

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150 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Dynamic Viscosity (continued)

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Surface Tension 151

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152 Transport Phenomena Data Companion Surface Tension (continued)

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Surface Tension (continued) 153
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154

Index
90 open channel, hydraulic B C
diameters 86 balanced idealised materials cadmium 118, 133, 136
59 calcium 132, 136
A balances 55 , chloride 123, 151
a naphtol benzeine 24 barium 132 candela 14
Abels theorem 44 barium chloride 151 cane sugar 148
absolute humidity 19, 88, 89 basic integrals 2934 caproic acid 153
absorption coefficient 121 benzaldehyde 152 carbon dioxide 120, 130, 135,
acetate 133 benzene 119, 123, 130, 134, 10
acetic acid 123, 153 135, 152 carbon disulfide 134
acetone 119, 123, 126, 153 benzyl alcohol 152 carbon monoxide 117, 130,
acetylene 117, 120, 130, 135 Bernoulli equations 58 134
acid base indicators 24 Bernoulli, differential carbon tetrachloride 134, 152
actinide series 13 equations 37 carbon tetrafluoride 134
activation energy 68, 70 Bessel functions 3941 carbonate 132
adiabatic cooling line 88, 89 Bessel, differential equations carbondioxide 113
adiabatic flow ideal gas 58 38 Casson 128
air 19, 113, 120, 130, 137 biaxial elongation 62 , fluid 63
air-water system 88, 89 binary diffusion coefficient 19 Cauchy number 70
alcohol 117, 123 binary vapour-liquid Cauchy, differential equations
alizarine, yellow 24 equilibrium 139 38
alphabet, greek 12 Bingham 64, 128 cellulose acetate 124
aluminium 118, 121, 132 , number 70 cellulose diacetate 134
, sulphate 151 , plastic 63, 65 Celsius 18
ammonia 117, 120, 130, 135 Biot number 70 centrifugal force 71
ammonium 132, 150 bismuth 133 cesium 136
, chloride 123, 151 black bodies 121 characteristic length 68
, hydroxide 151 black lacques 121 characteristic process time 71
amyl alcohol 153 Blake-Kozeny 80 chemical reaction rate 71, 74
analogies between heat Blasius flow 75 chemical resistance 125
transfer and mass transfer block 26 Chilton-Colburn analogy 78
78 Bodenstein number 70 chlorate 132
aniline 152, 153 boiling point 130 chloric acid 122, 123
annular 96 Boltzman constant 15 chloride 132, 136
antimony 118, 133 Bond number 70 chlorine 120, 135
sauce 127, 128 borate 132 chloro phenol red 24
approximation formulae for brass 118, 121 chloroform 119, 123, 152
thermocouples 20 brick 117, 121 chocolate 128, 132
aqueous solution 122, 126 brilliant cresyl blue 24 chromel/alumel thermocouple
Archimedes 75 Brinkman number 70 2023
, number 70 bromide 132, 134, 136 chromium 118, 121, 132
argon 113, 134, 135 bromo cresol blue 24 classical Maxwell fluid 63
Arrhenius number 70 bromo cresol purple 24 coal 117, 121
arsenate 132 bromo phenol blue 24 cobalt 118, 121, 133
arsenite 132 brown coal 117 codeformational derative 51
asbestos 117, 121 bubble flow 98 composition of air 113
asphalt 117 bubble formation 99 composition of gas 118
atomic mass 13 bubble shape 93 compressibility 110
atomic number 13 bulk expansion coefficient 69 , gas 129
avogadro number 15 buoyancy force 72 concentration notation 54
axial diffusion 70 Burke-Plummer 80 concentric tube, hydraulic
azolithmine 24 butane 117 diameters 86
butanol 153 concrete 117
butter 127 conduction of heat 70
butyric acid 153

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Index 155

conductive heat transfer 72, diffusive mass transfer 73, 74 F


73 diffusive mass transfer rate 74 fahrenheit 18
conductive transport of heat dimensionless correlation 75 fall velocity drops in liquid 95
71 77 Fanning friction factor 71
cone 27 dimensionless number 7074 ferricyanide 132
consistency 63, 65, 128 dimensions 67 ferrocyanide 132
continuity equation 58, 59 dimethyl yellow 24 ferrosulphate 151
contraction 82, 70 dirac puls 45 film flow 98
convective heat transfer 72, dispersed flow 98 fish 127
73 divergence vector field 50 flour 127
convective mass transfer rate drag coefficient 79, 81 flow around obstacles 79
71 drop 93 flow around spheres 100
convective transport of heat , shape 93 flow field tensor notation 62
71 dynamic viscosity 69, 108, flow resistance 79
conversion factor 16 115, 144150 flow, dimensionless correlation
copper 118, 121, 133 75
, sulphate 123, 151 E fluidisation velocity 75
copper/constantan effective diffusion time 72 fluoride 132
thermocouple 2023 effective time for heat food 127, 128
cork 117 conduction 72 Fourier 90
corn oil 127 elastic force 71, 72 , number 72, 9092, 100
corn syrrup 148 elasticity number 71 free rising bubbles 93
cotton seed oil 128 electrical conductivity 105, freezing mixture 123
cream 128 122 friction coefficient 80, 82
cresol red 24 enamel 121 friction factor 75, 84, 85, see
critical constant 130 energy balance 57, 61 also Fanning friction factor
critical pressure 129 enlargement 82 frictionless flow 58
critical temperature 129 enthalpy of water 111 froth 96
critical volume 129 entropy of water 111 Froude number 72
crystallization temperature Etvs number 71, 93 fuel 117
125 equation of continuity 55 fuel oil 117
cube 26 equation of motion 58, 60, 56
curl vector field 50 equilibrium constants G
curve-fit 52 hydrocarbons 140143 Galileo number 72
Cw coefficient 79 equilibrium data 139 gas constant 15, 68, 129
cyanide 132 erfx 42 gas-liquid flow 96
cyclohexane 130, 134, 152 Ergun 80 glass 117, 121
cyclohexanol 152 error function 42 glucose 126
cyclopentane 130 ethane 117, 130, 134 glycerol 118, 119, 123, 126
cylinder 27 ethanol 119, 126, 135, 152, glycerol-water solution 146,
, segment 27 153 147
ethanol-water solution 144, gold 118, 121, 133
D 145 gradient scalar field 50
Damkhler number 71 ethyl benzene 134, 152 Graetz 75, 76
Dean number 71 ethyl ether 119, 135, 152 , number 72
Deborah number 71 ethyl propyl ketone 152 granite 117
deformation tensor 62 ethylbenzene 130 Grashof 76, 77
density 19, 54, 69, 106, 114, ethylene 130, 135 , number 72
117121, 124, 127 Euler, differential equations gravitational acceleration 15,
, water 111 38 68
derived S.I. units 14 eutectic temperature 123 gravitational force 7072
dielectrical constant 105 exit age distribution 66 greek alphabet 12
diethylketone 153 expansion coefficient 104, 123 gypsum 121
differential equations 3738 external heat transfer
differentiation in tensor resistance 70 H
notation 49 external mass transfer half filled pipe, hydraulic
differentiation in vector resistance 70 diameters 86
notation 49 Eyring fluid 63 Hatta number 72
diffusion coefficient 68, 135, heat capacity of fluid 74
136 heat conductivity 19, 127

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156 Transport Phenomena Data Companion

, coefficient 117, 119 J Maxwell fluid 63


121 J-factor analogy 78 mayonnaise 128
heat of combustion 117, 118 Jaumann derative 51 melting point 118, 121
heat of melting 118 Jaumann Maxwell fluid 64 melting temperature 112
heat of reaction 69, 71 Joule 14 mercury 118, 121, 133
heat of vaporization 104 metals 121
, water 111 K meter 14
heat transfer 74, 100 Kelvin 14, 18 methane 117, 120, 130, 134,
, coefficient 68 kilogram 14 150
, dimensionless kinematic viscosity 69 methanol 119, 126, 135, 152,
correlation 75 kinetic energy 71, 73 153
, number 78 krypton 113 methyl butyl ketone 152
Heaviside theorem 44 L methyl ether 123
helium 113, 120, 135, 150 l-hexane 134 methyl ethyl ketone 153
Henrys law 137, 138 lamb 127 methyl propyl ketone 152
hertz 14 laminar flow 65 methyl red 24
homogeneous, differential , round tube 67 methylcyclohexane 130
equations 37 lanthanide series 13 methylcyclopentane 130
honey 128 Laplace transforms 4346 milk 127,128
Hooke number 72 Laplacian scalar field 50 mixing rule 129
horizontal tubes 96 Laplacian vector field 50 modified Bessel functions 41
humidity diagram 88, 89 lead 118, 121, 133 modified Bessel, differential
hydraulic diameters 86 Lewis number 72 equations 38
hydrocarbon 139 linear expansion coefficient modulus of elasticity 69
hydrodynamic boundary layer 121 molar concentration 54
74 linear regression 52 molar mass 19, 54
, thickness 73 linear thermal expansion 124 mole fraction 19, 54
hydrogen 113, 117, 120, 130, liquid film, hydraulic diameters molecular weight 130
135, 137, 150 86 Morton number 73, 93
, chloride 126, 151 liquid solvent 134 multicomponent system 129
, nitrate 151 liquids 119 mustard 128
, sulfide 120, 130, 135 liquified gas 134
, sulphate 151 N
lithium chloride 151 n-butane 130
hydroxide 132
M n-butanol 152
I m-xylene 130 n-decane 130
ice 117, 118, 121, 127 maganese 132 n-heptane 119, 130
ideally mixed tank 66, 67 , sulphate 151 n-hexadecane 134
ideally mixed tanks in serie 67 magnesium 121, 132 n-hexane 119, 130, 134, 152
ignition temperature 118 , chloride 123, 151 n-nonane 130
impellers 87 , sulphate 151 n-octane 119, 130, 134, 152
incompressible medium 58 manganese 118, 121 n-pentane 119, 130, 134
inertia force 7074 marble 117 n-pentanol 152, 153
instationery heat transfer 90 margarine 128 nabla identities 50
instationery mass transfer 90 mass balance 55, 59 nabla operator 49
integrals 2936 mass fraction 54 natural gas 118
interfacial tension 152 mass transfer 100 Navier-Stokes equation 56, 60
internal age distribution 66 , boundary layer 74 neon 113, 135
internal heat transfer , boundary layer neopentane 134
resistance 70 thickness 72 neutral red 24
internal mass transfer , coefficient 68 Newton 64, 65, 128
resistance 70 , dimensionless fluid 63
invariant of tensor 48 correlation 75 newton 14
iodide 132, 136 , number 78 newtonian liquids 93
iron 118, 121, 133 , with chemical reaction nickel 118, 121, 132
iron/constantan thermocouple 72 nitramine 24
2023 , without chemical nitrate 132
isobutane 130 reaction 72 nitric acid 119, 122, 123
isopentane 130, 134 mathematical constants 14 nitro benzene 152
isothermal flow ideal gas 58 nitrogen 113, 120, 130, 134,

c017.indBS 156-157 24-05-2006, 12:38


Index 157

135, 137, 150 platinum/platinum-rhodium properties of steam 111


, dioxide 135 thermocouple 2023 properties of water 111
nitrous oxide 135 plexiglass 124 propionic acid 153
nozzle 99 plug flow 67 propylene 130, 135
number averaged molar mass , with axial dispersion 67 PVP 149
54 plugs 96 pyramid 26
Nusselt 7578 plutonium 121
Nusselt number 73, 100 Poisseulle flow 75 Q
nylon 6/6 124 polished marble 121 quartz 117
polyacrylonitrile 134 R
O polyamide 6/6 124
o-xylene 130, 152 radiation 121
polybutadiene 134 rankine 18
oakwood 117 polycarbonate 124
octahedron 26 Rayleigh number 73
polydimethyl silicone 134 reaction constant 68
oil 127, 128 polyethylene 124, 134
Oldroyd derivative 51 rectangular pip, hydraulic
polyisobutylene 134 diameters 86
Oldroyd Maxwell fluid 64 polymer 134
olive oil 127, 128 Redlich-Kwong 129
polymethyl methacrylate 134 refractive index 110, 124, 126
open channel, hydraulic polymethylmethacrylate 124
diameters 86 relative humidity 19, 88, 89
polypropene 124 relative roughness 84, 85
oranges 127 polystyrene 134
organic liquid 152 relaxation time 63, 69, 71
polytetrafluoro ethylene 124 residence time 66
organic solution 153 polyurethane 124
oxalate 132 , distribution 66
polyvinyl chloride 124, 134 Reynolds 80, 82
oxide 132 polyvinylidene chloride 134
oxygen 113, 120, 130, 134, . number 73, 7579, 93,
pork 127 100
135, 137, 150 potassium 121, 132
ozone 113 rheogram 64
, bromide 151 rheological model 63, 64
P , carbonate 151 Richardson number 73
p-xylene 130, 152 , chloride 123, 151 rising velocity air bubbles in
packed bed 80 , hydroxide 123 water 94
paint 121 , nitrate 151 rising velocity drops in liquid
paraffin 118 , nitrite 151 95
, oil 117 , sulphate 123, 151 round tube, hydraulic
Pascal 14 potatoes 127 diameters 86
peanut oil 128 potential energy 73 rubber 121
Pclet number 66, 73 poultry 127
penetration of heat 90 Powell-Eyring fluid 63 S
penetration of mass 90 power added 68, 73 S.I. prefix 12
pentane 123 power input 87 salicyl yellow 24
perfluoro-n-heptane 134 power law 63, 64, 65, 128 sauce 128
periodic table 13 , index 63, 65, 128 Schmidt 7678
perspex 124 power number 73, 87 , number 74, 100
petrol 117 power transferred to kinetic second 14
petroleum 117, 123 energy 73 second invariant deformation
pH range 24 Prandtl 7578 tensor 63
phenol 123, 153 , fluid 63 second order fluid 63
, red 24 , number 73, 100, 103, separation of variables 37
phenolphtalien 24 113, 119, 120 service temperature 125
phenyl chloride 152 Prandtl-Eyring fluid 63 shear stress 63
phosphate 132 precious metal 121 , energy wall 65, 71
physical constants 15 prefix 12 Sherwood 7678
physical properties 19, 117 pressure 19, 68 , number 74, 100
, phases 73 , throughput silicate 132
pipe entrance 83 characteristics 65 silver 118, 121, 133
pipe exit 83 process time 72 , nitrate 151
plaster 117 propane 117, 120, 130, 150 simple elongation 62
plastic 124125 propanol 119 simple shear 62
platinum 118, 121, 133 properties of ice 112 slug flow 98

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158 Transport Phenomena Data Companion

slugs 96 tensor 4751 visco-elastic force 74


sodium 118, 121, 132, 136 , mathematics 47 viscosity 19, 63, 65, 118120,
, bromide 151 , operation 48 127, 128
, carbonate 123 tetrachloroethylene 134 viscous dissipation 70
, chloride 122, 123, 126, tetrahedron 26 viscous force 7074
151 thermal boundary layer viscous stress 70
, hydroxide 122, 126, thickness 72, 73 volume calculations 2628
151 thermal conductivity 69, 121, volume ideal gas 15
, nitrate 123, 151 124
, sulphate 151 , coefficient 107, 115 W
softening temperature 125 thermal diffusion 68 water 19, 102, 119, 121, 130,
solubility 131133 , coefficient 103, 114, 135
, gas in ionic solution 138 119, 120 , content 127
, gas in water 137 thermal energy 70 , vapor 19
, parameter 134 thermocouples 20 watt 14
sound velocity 116 thermovoltage 21 wave 96
soup 128 , high temperature 23 , flow 98
soy bean oil 127, 128 , low temperature 22 Weber number 74
specific heat 19, 68, 109, 112, Thiele modulus 74 Weissenberg number 74
116, 117, 119, 120, 121, thiocyanate 132 Wiens displacement constant
124, 127 thymol blue 24 15
specific mass 69 thymol phatalein 24 Williamson fluid 63
specific volume dry air 88 tin 118, 121, 133 wolfram 121
specific volume saturated air titanium 121 wood 117, 121
88 toluene 119, 130, 134, 135, wool 117
speed of light 15 152 X
sphere 28 tomato juice 128 xenon 113
, sector 28 total derivative 51 xylene 135
, segment 28 total heat transfer 73
spiral diameter 68 total mass transfer 74 Y
spray 96 transcendental functions, yield strength 124
standard pressure 15 integrals 3436 yield stress 63, 65, 69, 70, 128
standard S.I. units 14 transformed Bessel,
standard temperature 15 differential equations 38 Z
Stanton number 74 transparency 125 zinc 118, 121, 132
steel 121 tropaelin 00 24 zinc sulphate 151
Stefan-Boltzman constant 15 truncated cone 28
straight round tube 65 truncated cylinder 27
stratified 96 truncated pyramid 27
strirrer diameter 68 tube 27
strontium 132 tube system 82
styrene 134, 152 turpentine 123
substantial derivative 51 two phase flow 96, 98
sulfate 132, 136
sulfide 132 U
sulfur 118 uniaxial elongation 62
, dioxide 120, 130 unit step 45
sulfuric acid 119, 122 uranium 121
surface calculations 2628 V
surface tension 69, 96, 105, valve 83
151153 Van der Waals 129
, force 70, 71, 73, 74 vapor pressure 107, 112
T vaporization entropy 111
T-junction 83 veal 127
tantalum 121 vector 4751
teflon 134 , mathematics 47
temperature 19 , operations 48
, conversion 18 velocity 69
, scale 18 , of sound 111

c017.indBS 158-159 24-05-2006, 12:38


Transport Phenomena Data Companion
Many of the data needed for calculations in chemical engineering are dispersed
over the literature. Moreover, various systems of units are used, often forcing
the user to perform tedious conversions before a 'quick' calculation can be
started. In this companion the authors have compiled those data that, according
to their experience, are used frequently in transport phenomena and related
subjects. Since all data are in S.I. units, rapid access to various calculations is
facilitated.
This companion consists of four parts. The first part is general and gives
information varying from the Greek alphabet to calibration curves for thermo-
couples and pH ranges of indicators. The second part consists of frequently
used mathematics. In addition to general mathematical techniques, also a
selection of vectorial and tensorial calculus, relevant to hydrodynamics and
elementary rheology, has been included.
The third part is a compendium of the transport phenomena. A systematic
arrangement facilitates its use. The figures are in such a form that easy reading
and accuracy are combined.
In the final part various material properties are presented. Special attention has
been given to the most common materials: air and water, but also frequently
used materials like for instance hydrocarbons, foods and others.

Published by VSSD

URL on this book: http://www.vssd.nl/hlf/c017.htm

ISBN-10 90-71301-59-1
ISBN-13 978-90-71301-59-9

c017

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