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TheJones,
Mr animals
thetry
farmer,
to spread
is driven
the revolutionary
out of the farm.
ideas
Mrs
of Jones
flees too,
Animal Farm
followed
across
bythe
thecountryside
raven Moses.
Two farm
The neighbouring
is renamed
farmers,
AnimalMrFarm.
Frederick and Mr
Pilkington, are frightened that the revolution will spread to their own farms.
They help Mr Jones to attack Animal Farm.
The animals discover that the pigs have taken the milk
and apples for themselves.
Mollie vanishes from the farm.
Chapters 6 and 7 The animals work hard to get the harvest in and do a
better job than MrThe
Jones
conflict
ever between
did. Napoleon and Snowball increases.
The animals
After
Snowball work the
he disagrees
teaches harder than
withrest
Napoleonever
of the before.
animals
about the
to read
building
andof the
write.
windmill, Snowball is attacked by the Napoleons dogs and driven from the
farm.
Chapters 8 and 9
Chapters 10
The animals work harder than they did under Mr Jones
The farm is richer than ever but the animals also work
harder than ever.
Characters
http://swinomatka.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/5.jpg
Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution
Animal Farm is an allegory of Russian history.
Look at the similarities between the Russian
Revolution and Animal Farm below:
Events in the Russian Revolution Events on Animal Farm
The Communist Party under the Under the leadership of Major, the
leadership of Lenin rose and took power, animals revolt against Jones and drive
seizing control of the empire and him from the farm.
executing the Romanovs (the Tsars
family)
Communism was strongly influenced by Animalism is founded on Majors ideas
the idea that life could be explained in in chapter 1. These ideas echo many of
economic and social terms. It is based Marxs theories.
on the belief that the rich capitalist class
exploited the proletariat and this
situation could only be reversed by the
revolution.
After the Revolution, Trotsky and Lennin The pigs attempt to create Majors ideal
established a Communist society in the society and change the farms name
Soviet Union (as it was then called). All from Manor Farm to Animal Farm to
property, wealth and work was meant to reflect this new beginning.
be divided equally between all
individuals.
Forces loyal to the Tsar, helped by Jones and his men attempt to recapture
countries abroad (who did not want the farm in the Battle of the Cowshed.
Communism to spread throughout Snowballs clever tactics mean that the
Europe) invaded Russia. Trotskys animals win.
brilliant command of the Red Army
meant that the Bolsheviks stayed in
power.
After Lenins death, a struggle for power Napoleon and Snowball disagree on
took place between Trotsky and Stalin. virtually every issue. At a meeting in the
Trotsky, although favoured by Lenin, barn, Napoleon drives Snowball from
was beaten by Stalin who then tried to the farm. Napoleon and Squealer later
eliminate all trace of him. Trotsky was tells the animals that Snowball is an
forced to leave the Soviet Union. He enemy of Animalism. Napoleon claims
was sentenced to permanent exile in Snowballs idea for the windmill as his
1929. own and Snowballs actions during the
Battle of the Cowshed are completely
distorted.
Stalin insisted that all farms should be Napoleon instructs the hens to sell their
collectivised (come under state control). eggs, but they smash them rather than
These large collective farms had to give let him sell them, in the same way that
their produce to the government, which the peasants opposed collectivism. The
was opposed by the peasants. He also animals work hard to build a windmill on
tried to modernise Soviet industry the farm. Napoleon shows Whymper
through his Five-Year-Plans the the apparently full grain stores (which
success of which he then exaggerated. are mainly filled with sand)
The Soviet Union endured several The animals suffer increasingly from
famines as the result of Stalins hunger after Napoleon comes to power,
economic policies. It is thought that 5 while the pigs are well fed.
million people starved to death between
1932 and 1934.
Stalins power increased so that he had Napoleon uses a combination of terror
complete control over the Soviet Union. and propaganda to become a dictator.
Stalin created a cult of personality Squealer is crucial in convincing the
around him. Russians were told that he animals that Napoleon has only their
was the wisest man in the world. best interests at heart. A portrait of
Pictures of him were displayed in Napoleon is painted on the barn wall.
schools and factories. He used Songs, poems and speeches praising
propaganda to convince the Russian life on the farm are written.
people that only he could protect them.
Stalin used the murder of a potential Napoleon uses Snowballs alleged
rival, Kirov, in 1934 as an excuse to destruction of the windmill to get rid of
eliminate anyone who he thought was a the four porkers who protested against
threat to him. Between 1934 and 1938, the abolition of the Sunday debates and
7 million people disappeared, many of the hens who led the egg rebellion.
them ordinary Russians. Most were They confess publicly to ridiculous
executed or sent to gulags (slave labour crimes before being slaughtered. Even
camps). The most important victims Boxer, having defended himself against
were given show trials and made to one of the dogs, is later eliminated
confess publicly to non-existent crimes, once he has served his purpose.
often to save their families from
punishment.
In an effort to protect the Soviet Union Napoleon has dealings with both
from attack, Stalin negotiated with both Freerick and Pilkington over selling the
Britain and Hitlers Germany. His treaty timber and is finally tricked by Frederick
with Germany was seen as worthless who pays in forged notes. The animals
when Germany invaded the Soviet defeat Fredericks men in the Battle of
Union in 1941. The Germans were later the Windmill but it is a hard and painful
defeated at the Battle of Stalingrad, but struggle.
not before Russia suffered heavy
casualties.
At the Tehran Conference in 1949, the The pigs and farmers have dinner
Soviet Union, Britain and the United together but their friendship is destroyed
States of America claimed to be allies. A when both sides are discovered to have
few years later, the Cold War began, cheated at cards.
which placed the Soviet Union against
the wartime allies.
Character
Ban Mar Criteria
d k
0 0 No rewardable material
1 1-3 Generally sound or sound understanding of the character
Uses relevant evidence from the extract to demonstrate
knowledge about the character
2 4-5 Thorough understanding of the character
Uses a good range of evidence from the extract to
demonstrate knowledge about the character
3 6-8 Perceptive understanding of the character
Uses a variety of discriminating evidence from the extract
to demonstrate knowledge about the character
Language
Ban Mar Criteria
d k
0 0 No rewardable material
1 1-2 Generally sound reference to how the writer achieves
effects
Generally sound understanding of linguistic, grammatical,
structural and presentational features of language
Examples from the extract are generally sound and
mostly relevant
2 3-4 Sound reference to how the writer achieves effects
Clear understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural
and presentational features of language
Examples from the extract are sound and mostly relevant
3 5-6 Sustained reference to how the writer achieves effects
Thorough understanding of linguistic, grammatical,
structural and presentational features of language
Sustained use of relevant examples from the extract
4 7-8 Pertinent reference to how the writer achieves effects
Assured understanding of linguistic, grammatical,
structural and presentational features of language
Assured use of relevant examples from the extract
5 9-10 Convincing reference to how the writer achieves effects
Perceptive understanding of linguistic, grammatical,
structural and presentational features of language
Perceptive use of relevant examples from the extract
Character revision
What can you remember about the following characters and their involvement in
the novel? What can you remember about their relationships with other
characters as well?
Before we start practising our responses to questions on character, we need to
determine what constitutes a good response. The examiner basically wants to
see that you can do three things
Identify what you have learnt about the characters actions / thoughts /
feelings in the set scene (POINT)
Quotations from the text to demonstrate the characters actions /
thoughts / feelings (EVIDENCE)
Your explanation to show that you have understood the text and the
characters actions / thoughts / feelings (EXPLANATION)
The candidate has constructed a response that tells the examiner 6 things they
have learnt about Boxer in this section of the scene. Trying to get across as
much as you can about what you have learnt about a character is essential!
In addition, the candidate has used the following quotes:
The candidate has used 5 quotations from the extract to support the points he /
she is making about the character of Boxer in this part of the novel.
As a result of being able to say 6 different things about the character and using
5 quotations, the candidate is able to show a thorough understanding of the
character and a sustained reference to the text. The examiner gave this
candidate a 7/8.
Extract 1
How many quotations has this candidate used to support his/her points?
Extract 2:
How many quotations has this candidate used to support his/her points?
Now lets start to practise responding to character based questions. Here is our
first practice extract, taken from Chapter 2.
In past years Mr Jones, although a hard master had been a capable
farmer, but of late he had fallen on evil days. He had become much
disheartened after losing money in a lawsuit, and had taken to
drinking more than was good for him. For whole days at a time he
would lounge in his Windsor chair in the kitchen, reading the
newspapers, drinking and occasionally feeding Moses on crusts of
bread soaked in beer. His men were idle and dishonest, the fields
were full of weeds, the buildings wanted roofing, the hedges were
neglected, and the animals were underfed.
June came and the hay was almost ready for cutting. On
Midsummers Eve, which was a Saturday, Mr Jones went into
Willington and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back
till midday on Sunday. The men had milked the cows in the early
morning and then had gone out rabbiting, without bothering to feed
the animals. When Mr Jones got back he immediately went to sleep
on the drawing-room sofa with the News of the World over his face, so
that when evening came, the animals were still unfed. At last they
could stand it no longer. One of the cows broke in the door of the
store-shed with her horns and all the animals began to help
themselves from the bins. It was just then that Mr Jones woke up.
The next morning he and his four men were in the store-shed with
whips in their hands, lashing out in all directions. This was more than
the hungry animals could bear. With one accord, though nothing of
the kind had been planned beforehand, they flung themselves upon
their tormentors. Jones and his men suddenly found themselves
being butted and kicked from all sides. The situation was quite out of
their control. They had never seen animals behave like this before,
and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to
thrashing and maltreating just as they chose, frightened them almost
out of their wits.
From the extract, what do you discover about the character of Mr Jones?
Here are some of the points the examiners expect you to make:
Orwell presents the character of Mr Jones as a hard but capable farmer which
suggests that although he ran the farm quite strictly, his strict approach paid off
as his skills in farming were good and his farm was a success.
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But a few days later Muriel, reading over the Seven Commandments
to herself, notices that there was yet another of them which the
animals had remembered wrong. They had thought that the Fifth
Commandment was No animal shall drink alcohol, but there were
two words that they had forgotten. Actually the Commandment read:
No animal shall drink alcohol to excess.
Here is the associated question:
From the extract, what do you discover about the character of Napoleon?
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At last the day came when Snowballs plans were completed. At the
meeting on the following Sunday the question of whether or not to
begin work on the windmill was put to the vote. When the animals
had assembled in the big barn, Snowball stood up and, though,
occasionally interrupted by bleating from the sheep, set forth his
reasons for advocating the building of the windmill. Then Napoleon
stood up to reply. He said very quietly that the windmill was
nonsense and that he advised nobody to vote for it, and promptly sat
down again, he had spoken for barely thirty seconds, and seemed
almost indifferent as to the effect he produced. At this Snowball
sprang to his feet, and shouting the sheep, who had begun bleating
again, broke into a passionate appeal in favour of the windmill. Until
now the animals had been about equally divided in their sympathies,
but in a moment Snowballs eloquence had carried them away. In
glowing sentences he painted a picture of Animal Farm as it might be
when sordid labour was lifted from the animals backs. His
imagination had now run far beyond chaff-cutters and turnip-slicers.
Electricity, he said, could operate threshing machines, ploughs,
harrows, rollers and reapers and binders, besides supplying every stall
with its own electric light, hot and cold water and an electric heater.
By the time he had finished speaking there was no doubt as to which
way the vote would go. But just at this moment Napoleon stood up
and, casting a peculiar sidelong look at Snowball, uttered a high-
pitched whimper of a kind no one had ever heard him utter before.
At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous
dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn.
They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place
just in time to escape their snapping jaws. In a moment he was out of
the door and they were after him. Too amazed and frightened to
speak, all the animals crowded through the door to watch the chase.
Snowball was racing across the long pasture that led to the road. He
was running as only a pig can run, but the dogs were close on his
heels. Suddenly he slipped and it seemed certain that they had him.
Then he was up again, running faster than ever, then the dogs were
gaining on him again. One of them all but closed his jaws on
Snowballs tail, but Snowball whisked it free just in time. Then he put
an extra spurt and, with a few inches to spare, slipped through a hole
in the hedge and was seen no more.
Explain how the author presents the character of Snowball in this extract.
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Extract 4 Chapter 5
As winter drew on, Mollie became more and more troublesome. She
was late for work every morning and excused herself by saying that
she had overslept, and she complained of mysterious pains, although
her appetite was excellent. On every kind of pretext she would run
away from work and go to the drinking pool, where she would stand
foolishly gazing at her own reflection in the water. But there was also
rumours of something more serious. One day as Mollie strolled
blithely into the yard, flirting her long tail and chewing at a stalk of
hay, Clover took her aside.
Mollie, she said, I have something very serious to say to you. This
morning I saw you looking over the hedge that divides Animal Farm
from Foxwood. One of Mr Pilkingtons men was standing on the other
side of the hedge. And I was a long way away, but I am almost
certain I saw this he was talking to you and you were allowing him to
stroke your nose. What does that mean, Mollie?
It isnt true! repeated Mollie, but she could not look Clover in the
face, and the next moment she took to her heels and galloped away
into the field.
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Extract 5 taken from Chapter 7
That was our mistake, comrade. For we know now it is all written
down in the secret documents that we have found that in reality he
was trying to lure us to our doom.
But he was wounded, said Boxer. We all saw him running with
blood.
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Giving an inanimate object human
a.
attributes.
b. A comparison between two things
saying something is / was something
else.
c. A word used to identify any of a class of
Language
people, places or thing.
d. A word to describe an action or mental
state.
e. A comparison between two things using
the words like or as
Language devices mix and match
f. A question that does not require an
answer
1. adverb
g. Using the same letter at the start of two
2. rhetorical question
or more words.
3. cluster of three
h. Saying the same thing more than once
4. personal pronouns
5. simile
for effect.
i. A word used to describe how an action
6. metaphor
7. onomatopoeia is completed
8. repetition j. An instruction or a command.
9. imperatives k. Words like we, you and us
10. personification l. A word that sounds like the noise it is
11. verb making.
12. alliteration m. A describing word.
13. adjective n. Three phrases or describing words
14. noun used to emphasise a point
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Adjective
Metaphor x2
Repetition
Short sentences
The candidate has constructed a response that analyses the use of four different
language techniques. Knowing these techniques and being able to use the
technical terminology will really help!
The candidate has used 6 quotations from the extract to support the points he /
she is making about how language has been used to convey the panic in this
part of the novel.
Extract 1
How many quotations has this candidate used to support his/her points?
Extract 2:
How many quotations has this candidate used to support his/her points?
Now lets start to practise responding to language based questions. Here is our
first practice extract, taken from Chapter 2.
June came and the hay was almost ready for cutting. On
Midsummers Eve, which was a Saturday, Mr Jones went into
Willington and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back
till midday on Sunday. The men had milked the cows in the early
morning and then had gone out rabbiting, without bothering to feed
the animals. When Mr Jones got back he immediately went to sleep
on the drawing-room sofa with the News of the World over his face, so
that when evening came, the animals were still unfed. At last they
could stand it no longer. One of the cows broke in the door of the
store-shed with her horns and all the animals began to help
themselves from the bins. It was just then that Mr Jones woke up.
The next morning he and his four men were in the store-shed with
whips in their hands, lashing out in all directions. This was more than
the hungry animals could bear. With one accord, though nothing of
the kind had been planned beforehand, they flung themselves upon
their tormentors. Jones and his men suddenly found themselves
being butted and kicked from all sides. The situation was quite out of
their control. They had never seen animals behave like this before,
and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to
thrashing and maltreating just as they chose, frightened them almost
out of their wits.
Here are some of the points the examiners expect you to make:
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But a few days later Muriel, reading over the Seven Commandments
to herself, notices that there was yet another of them which the
animals had remembered wrong. They had thought that the Fifth
Commandment was No animal shall drink alcohol, but there were
two words that they had forgotten. Actually the Commandment read:
No animal shall drink alcohol to excess.
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At last the day came when Snowballs plans were completed. At the
meeting on the following Sunday the question of whether or not to
begin work on the windmill was put to the vote. When the animals
had assembled in the big barn, Snowball stood up and, though,
occasionally interrupted by bleating from the sheep, set forth his
reasons for advocating the building of the windmill. Then Napoleon
stood up to reply. He said very quietly that the windmill was
nonsense and that he advised nobody to vote for it, and promptly sat
down again, he had spoken for barely thirty seconds, and seemed
almost indifferent as to the effect he produced. At this Snowball
sprang to his feet, and shouting the sheep, who had begun bleating
again, broke into a passionate appeal in favour of the windmill. Until
now the animals had been about equally divided in their sympathies,
but in a moment Snowballs eloquence had carried them away. In
glowing sentences he painted a picture of Animal Farm as it might be
when sordid labour was lifted from the animals backs. His
imagination had now run far beyond chaff-cutters and turnip-slicers.
Electricity, he said, could operate threshing machines, ploughs,
harrows, rollers and reapers and binders, besides supplying every stall
with its own electric light, hot and cold water and an electric heater.
By the time he had finished speaking there was no doubt as to which
way the vote would go. But just at this moment Napoleon stood up
and, casting a peculiar sidelong look at Snowball, uttered a high-
pitched whimper of a kind no one had ever heard him utter before.
At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous
dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn.
They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place
just in time to escape their snapping jaws. In a moment he was out of
the door and they were after him. Too amazed and frightened to
speak, all the animals crowded through the door to watch the chase.
Snowball was racing across the long pasture that led to the road. He
was running as only a pig can run, but the dogs were close on his
heels. Suddenly he slipped and it seemed certain that they had him.
Then he was up again, running faster than ever, then the dogs were
gaining on him again. One of them all but closed his jaws on
Snowballs tail, but Snowball whisked it free just in time. Then he put
an extra spurt and, with a few inches to spare, slipped through a hole
in the hedge and was seen no more.
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Extract 4 Chapter 5
As winter drew on, Mollie became more and more troublesome. She
was late for work every morning and excused herself by saying that
she had overslept, and she complained of mysterious pains, although
her appetite was excellent. On every kind of pretext she would run
away from work and go to the drinking pool, where she would stand
foolishly gazing at her own reflection in the water. But there was also
rumours of something more serious. One day as Mollie strolled
blithely into the yard, flirting her long tail and chewing at a stalk of
hay, Clover took her aside.
Mollie, she said, I have something very serious to say to you. This
morning I saw you looking over the hedge that divides Animal Farm
from Foxwood. One of Mr Pilkingtons men was standing on the other
side of the hedge. And I was a long way away, but I am almost
certain I saw this he was talking to you and you were allowing him to
stroke your nose. What does that mean, Mollie?
It isnt true! repeated Mollie, but she could not look Clover in the
face, and the next moment she took to her heels and galloped away
into the field.
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Band Mark Criteria
0 0 No rewardable material
1 1-2 Generally sound reference to how the writer achieves effects
Generally sound understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural and
presentational features of language
Examples from the extract are generally sound and mostly relevant
2 3-4 Sound reference to how the writer achieves effects
Clear understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural and presentational
features of language
Examples from the extract are sound and mostly relevant
3 5-6 Sustained reference to how the writer achieves effects
Thorough understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural and
presentational features of language
Sustained use of relevant examples from the extract
4 7-8 Pertinent reference to how the writer achieves effects
Assured understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural and
presentational features of language
Assured use of relevant examples from the extract
5 9-10 Convincing reference to how the writer achieves effects
Perceptive understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural and
presentational features of language
Perceptive use of relevant examples from the extract
The first thing you have done well is
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Extract 5 taken from Chapter 7
That was our mistake, comrade. For we know now it is all written
down in the secret documents that we have found that in reality he
was trying to lure us to our doom.
But he was wounded, said Boxer. We all saw him running with
blood.
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Themes
Question 1c Theme within the extract
Question 1d Theme across the whole novel
Themes within Animal Farm
How do the themes to the left feature within the novel Animal Farm?
Parallels with
Soviet Union /
corruption
Power / control
Class
Education and
learning
Language and
power
Propaganda
Dishonesty and
betrayal
Ignorance
Friendship
Dreams
Theme within an extract
Ignorance about the knackers van BECAUSE the animals cant read
Benjamin is not ignorant about the situation
Ignorance to enhance feeling of fear and tension
Boxer ignorant to his own death makes readers feel empathy for him
The candidate has constructed a response that raises four points about the
importance of the theme of ignorance.
pushed aside
they are taking Boxer to the knackers
cry of horror
the uproar outside
his face with the white stripe down the nose appears at the window
tremendous drumming of hooves
his strength had left him
Dont take your brother to his death!
The candidate has used 8 quotations from the extract to support the points he /
she is making about the importance of the theme of ignorance in the novel.
As a result of being able to identify four solid points about the theme of
ignorance and in using 8 quotations which are explained and referenced back to
the question of ignorance, the candidate is able to show an assured
understanding of the theme within the extract. The examiner gave this candidate
a 10.
Extract 1
What points does the candidate make about the importance of ignorance
in this response?
How many quotations has this candidate used to support his/her points?
What points does the candidate make about the importance of ignorance
in this response?
How many quotations has this candidate used to support his/her points?
What mark out of 8 would you give this response? Why?
Now lets start to practise responding to language based questions. Here is our
first practice extract, taken from Chapter 2.
June came and the hay was almost ready for cutting. On
Midsummers Eve, which was a Saturday, Mr Jones went into
Willington and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back
till midday on Sunday. The men had milked the cows in the early
morning and then had gone out rabbiting, without bothering to feed
the animals. When Mr Jones got back he immediately went to sleep
on the drawing-room sofa with the News of the World over his face, so
that when evening came, the animals were still unfed. At last they
could stand it no longer. One of the cows broke in the door of the
store-shed with her horns and all the animals began to help
themselves from the bins. It was just then that Mr Jones woke up.
The next morning he and his four men were in the store-shed with
whips in their hands, lashing out in all directions. This was more than
the hungry animals could bear. With one accord, though nothing of
the kind had been planned beforehand, they flung themselves upon
their tormentors. Jones and his men suddenly found themselves
being butted and kicked from all sides. The situation was quite out of
their control. They had never seen animals behave like this before,
and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to
thrashing and maltreating just as they chose, frightened them almost
out of their wits.
Here is the associated question:
Here are some of the points the examiners expect you to make:
Control is a central theme in this extract as we see the control moving from man
to the animals. Previously Mr Jones had been a hard master and capable
but of late he had fallen on evil days implying that whilst he was
once a strict and capable master who had a tight grip on the farm,
recently, because of drink, he had turned into the opposite, with
Orwell presenting him as someone whose control over the animals
and the farm was loosening.
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But a few days later Muriel, reading over the Seven Commandments
to herself, notices that there was yet another of them which the
animals had remembered wrong. They had thought that the Fifth
Commandment was No animal shall drink alcohol, but there were
two words that they had forgotten. Actually the Commandment read:
No animal shall drink alcohol to excess.
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At last the day came when Snowballs plans were completed. At the
meeting on the following Sunday the question of whether or not to
begin work on the windmill was put to the vote. When the animals
had assembled in the big barn, Snowball stood up and, though,
occasionally interrupted by bleating from the sheep, set forth his
reasons for advocating the building of the windmill. Then Napoleon
stood up to reply. He said very quietly that the windmill was
nonsense and that he advised nobody to vote for it, and promptly sat
down again, he had spoken for barely thirty seconds, and seemed
almost indifferent as to the effect he produced. At this Snowball
sprang to his feet, and shouting the sheep, who had begun bleating
again, broke into a passionate appeal in favour of the windmill. Until
now the animals had been about equally divided in their sympathies,
but in a moment Snowballs eloquence had carried them away. In
glowing sentences he painted a picture of Animal Farm as it might be
when sordid labour was lifted from the animals backs. His
imagination had now run far beyond chaff-cutters and turnip-slicers.
Electricity, he said, could operate threshing machines, ploughs,
harrows, rollers and reapers and binders, besides supplying every stall
with its own electric light, hot and cold water and an electric heater.
By the time he had finished speaking there was no doubt as to which
way the vote would go. But just at this moment Napoleon stood up
and, casting a peculiar sidelong look at Snowball, uttered a high-
pitched whimper of a kind no one had ever heard him utter before.
At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous
dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn.
They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place
just in time to escape their snapping jaws. In a moment he was out of
the door and they were after him. Too amazed and frightened to
speak, all the animals crowded through the door to watch the chase.
Snowball was racing across the long pasture that led to the road. He
was running as only a pig can run, but the dogs were close on his
heels. Suddenly he slipped and it seemed certain that they had him.
Then he was up again, running faster than ever, then the dogs were
gaining on him again. One of them all but closed his jaws on
Snowballs tail, but Snowball whisked it free just in time. Then he put
an extra spurt and, with a few inches to spare, slipped through a hole
in the hedge and was seen no more.
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Extract 4 Chapter 5
As winter drew on, Mollie became more and more troublesome. She
was late for work every morning and excused herself by saying that
she had overslept, and she complained of mysterious pains, although
her appetite was excellent. On every kind of pretext she would run
away from work and go to the drinking pool, where she would stand
foolishly gazing at her own reflection in the water. But there was also
rumours of something more serious. One day as Mollie strolled
blithely into the yard, flirting her long tail and chewing at a stalk of
hay, Clover took her aside.
Mollie, she said, I have something very serious to say to you. This
morning I saw you looking over the hedge that divides Animal Farm
from Foxwood. One of Mr Pilkingtons men was standing on the other
side of the hedge. And I was a long way away, but I am almost
certain I saw this he was talking to you and you were allowing him to
stroke your nose. What does that mean, Mollie?
It isnt true! repeated Mollie, but she could not look Clover in the
face, and the next moment she took to her heels and galloped away
into the field.
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Band Mark Criteria
0 0 No rewardable material
1 1-2 Mostly sound reference to extract mostly supported by relevant textual
reference
Explanation of significance of theme in the extract shows generally sound
understanding
2 3-4 Sound reference to extract supported by relevant textual reference
Explanation of significance of theme in the extract shows sound
understanding
3 5-6 Sustained reference to extract supported by relevant textual reference
Explanation of significance of theme in the extract shows thorough
understanding
4 7-8 Pertinent reference to extract supported by relevant textual reference
Explanation of significance of theme in the extract shows assured
understanding
5 9-10 Convincing reference to extract supported by sustained relevant textual
reference
Explanation of significance of theme in the extract shows perceptive
understanding
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Extract 5 taken from Chapter 7
That was our mistake, comrade. For we know now it is all written
down in the secret documents that we have found that in reality he
was trying to lure us to our doom.
But he was wounded, said Boxer. We all saw him running with
blood.
That was part of the arrangement! cried Squealer. Joness shot
only grazed him. I could show you this in his own writing, if you were
able to read it. The plot was for Snowball, at the critical moment, to
give the signal for flight and leave the field to the enemy. And he
very nearly succeeded I will even say, comrades, he would have
succeeded if it had not been for our heroic Leader, Comrade
Napoleon. Do you not remember how, just at the moment when Jones
and his men had got inside the yard, Snowball suddenly turned and
fled, and many animals followed him? And do you not remember, too,
that it was just at that moment, when panic was spreading and all
seemed lost, that Comrade Napoleon sprang forward with a cry of
Death to Humanity! and sank his teeth in Joness leg? Surely you
remember that, comrades? exclaimed Squealer, frisking from side to
side.
Explore what the extract reveals about Boxers attitude towards Napoleon
and work.
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Napoleon convinces the animals that the destruction of the windmill was
down to Snowball they are too ignorant to realise the windmill wasnt strong
enough
The animals ignorance enables Napoleon to build his dictatorship and have
them do continuous laborious work
Ignorance cause because of animals prejudice towards humans
The candidate has constructed a response that raises two main points about the
importance of the theme of ignorance.
The animals were shocked beyond measure to learn that even Snowball
could be guilty of such an action.
Out of spite, the human beings pretended not to believe that it was
Snowball who destroyed the windmill. They said it had fallen down
because the walls were too thin.
The candidate has only used 2 quotations from their chosen extract to support
the points he / she is making about the importance of the theme of ignorance in
the novel.
However, the examiner said this: The candidate has selected an appropriate
area of the novel. The response demonstrates an assured understanding of the
theme, even though there are only two examples to support ideas. The
candidate was awarded 9 out of 10.
Extract 1
How many quotations has this candidate used to support his/her points?
What mark out of 10 would you give this response? Why?
Extract 2:
How many quotations has this candidate used to support his/her points?
Now lets start to practise responding to theme questions. Here is our first
practice extract, taken from Chapter 2.
June came and the hay was almost ready for cutting. On
Midsummers Eve, which was a Saturday, Mr Jones went into
Willington and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back
till midday on Sunday. The men had milked the cows in the early
morning and then had gone out rabbiting, without bothering to feed
the animals. When Mr Jones got back he immediately went to sleep
on the drawing-room sofa with the News of the World over his face, so
that when evening came, the animals were still unfed. At last they
could stand it no longer. One of the cows broke in the door of the
store-shed with her horns and all the animals began to help
themselves from the bins. It was just then that Mr Jones woke up.
The next morning he and his four men were in the store-shed with
whips in their hands, lashing out in all directions. This was more than
the hungry animals could bear. With one accord, though nothing of
the kind had been planned beforehand, they flung themselves upon
their tormentors. Jones and his men suddenly found themselves
being butted and kicked from all sides. The situation was quite out of
their control. They had never seen animals behave like this before,
and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to
thrashing and maltreating just as they chose, frightened them almost
out of their wits.
Here is the question to respond to when exploring one other part of the novel:
When the pigs take control of the farm; resulting in the farm becoming just
as bad for the animals as when Jones was in control
When the pigs assume leadership and control of Majors dream
When the pigs teach the other animals to read
When the pigs decide all questions on farm policy and a dictatorship is
introduced, controlling: food, work, education, information and the removal
of democracy
When the animals try to let animals on other farms know of their rebellion
When neighbouring farmers take action to stop their animals from taking
control
Any parts of the novel where there are changes to the Seven
Commandments
When Napoleon takes control and stands on the platform to give his
speech
Any parts of the novel when Napoleon uses terror / violence / intimidation /
slave labour
Any parts of the novel when control is seen through propaganda / tyranny /
dictatorship
Any part of the novel when Napoleon negotiates with Man.
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But a few days later Muriel, reading over the Seven Commandments
to herself, notices that there was yet another of them which the
animals had remembered wrong. They had thought that the Fifth
Commandment was No animal shall drink alcohol, but there were
two words that they had forgotten. Actually the Commandment read:
No animal shall drink alcohol to excess.
Here is the question to respond to when exploring one other part of the novel:
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At last the day came when Snowballs plans were completed. At the
meeting on the following Sunday the question of whether or not to
begin work on the windmill was put to the vote. When the animals
had assembled in the big barn, Snowball stood up and, though,
occasionally interrupted by bleating from the sheep, set forth his
reasons for advocating the building of the windmill. Then Napoleon
stood up to reply. He said very quietly that the windmill was
nonsense and that he advised nobody to vote for it, and promptly sat
down again, he had spoken for barely thirty seconds, and seemed
almost indifferent as to the effect he produced. At this Snowball
sprang to his feet, and shouting the sheep, who had begun bleating
again, broke into a passionate appeal in favour of the windmill. Until
now the animals had been about equally divided in their sympathies,
but in a moment Snowballs eloquence had carried them away. In
glowing sentences he painted a picture of Animal Farm as it might be
when sordid labour was lifted from the animals backs. His
imagination had now run far beyond chaff-cutters and turnip-slicers.
Electricity, he said, could operate threshing machines, ploughs,
harrows, rollers and reapers and binders, besides supplying every stall
with its own electric light, hot and cold water and an electric heater.
By the time he had finished speaking there was no doubt as to which
way the vote would go. But just at this moment Napoleon stood up
and, casting a peculiar sidelong look at Snowball, uttered a high-
pitched whimper of a kind no one had ever heard him utter before.
At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous
dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn.
They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place
just in time to escape their snapping jaws. In a moment he was out of
the door and they were after him. Too amazed and frightened to
speak, all the animals crowded through the door to watch the chase.
Snowball was racing across the long pasture that led to the road. He
was running as only a pig can run, but the dogs were close on his
heels. Suddenly he slipped and it seemed certain that they had him.
Then he was up again, running faster than ever, then the dogs were
gaining on him again. One of them all but closed his jaws on
Snowballs tail, but Snowball whisked it free just in time. Then he put
an extra spurt and, with a few inches to spare, slipped through a hole
in the hedge and was seen no more.
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Extract 4 Chapter 5
As winter drew on, Mollie became more and more troublesome. She
was late for work every morning and excused herself by saying that
she had overslept, and she complained of mysterious pains, although
her appetite was excellent. On every kind of pretext she would run
away from work and go to the drinking pool, where she would stand
foolishly gazing at her own reflection in the water. But there was also
rumours of something more serious. One day as Mollie strolled
blithely into the yard, flirting her long tail and chewing at a stalk of
hay, Clover took her aside.
Mollie, she said, I have something very serious to say to you. This
morning I saw you looking over the hedge that divides Animal Farm
from Foxwood. One of Mr Pilkingtons men was standing on the other
side of the hedge. And I was a long way away, but I am almost
certain I saw this he was talking to you and you were allowing him to
stroke your nose. What does that mean, Mollie?
It isnt true! repeated Mollie, but she could not look Clover in the
face, and the next moment she took to her heels and galloped away
into the field.
Here is the question to respond to when exploring one other part of the novel:
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Band Mar Criteria
k
0 0 No rewardable material
1 1-2 Mostly uses relevant examples from the text to demonstrate
knowledge about theme / character
Generally sound understanding of the linguistic, grammatical,
structural and presentational features of language
Generally sound selection of textual detail to support interpretation
2 3-5 Consistently uses relevant examples from the text to demonstrate
knowledge about theme/character
Clear understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural and
presentational features of language
Sound selection of textual detail to support interpretation
3 6-7 Sustained use of relevant examples from the text to demonstrate
knowledge about theme / character
Thorough understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural and
presentational features of language
Thorough selection of textual detail to support interpretation
4 8-10 Assured use of relevant examples from the text to demonstrate
knowledge about theme / character
Assured understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural and
presentational features of language
Pertinent selection of textual detail to support interpretation
5 11- Perceptive use of relevant examples from the text to demonstrate
12 knowledge about theme/character
Perceptive understanding of linguistic, grammatical, structural and
presentational features of language
Convincing selection of textual detail to support interpretation
The first thing you have done well is
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Extract 5 taken from Chapter 7
That was our mistake, comrade. For we know now it is all written
down in the secret documents that we have found that in reality he
was trying to lure us to our doom.
But he was wounded, said Boxer. We all saw him running with
blood.
Here is the question to respond to when exploring one other part of the novel:
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