Bachillerato Preparation

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
English Bachillerato Prep Course

A Guide to Preparing Students for the Ministry of Educations Graduation Exam
!
By Megon Coon, Ken Ferrell and Kevin Klott

Peace Corps TEFL Volunteers
Costa Rica
!
!
Dear Fellow Volunteers,
All high school seniors (11th grade for liceo and colegio acadmico, or 12th grade for
colegio tcnico) must pass the English graduation exam (bachillerato de ingls) in order to
graduate from high school. This exam focuses entirely on reading comprehension
skills, and without adequate preparation, passing this exam can be a major challenge
for native Spanish speakers.
Students are allowed two and a half hours to complete 70 multiple-choice questions.
They will encounter 16 or 17 reading texts with two to six questions per text.
The names of the subjects in the table below are listed as they appear in the Ministry of
Education (MEP) curriculum. The subjects are also listed in order of appearance on the
exam. In this manual, we
have changed some of the 1. Achievements of Our National Athletes
2. Costa Rican Art, Music and Crafts
subject names for
3. Costa Rican Typical Food
simplification but the
4. Types of Food (recipes)
content remains the same.
5. Eating Habits and Behaviors at the Table
Also included in the exam 6. Holidays and Celebrations in Costa Rica and Other English
is a short grammar section Speaking Countries
7. Causes and Effects of the Misuse of Natural Resources
that focuses on important
8. Travel
grammar topics such as
9. Common Illnesses and New Diseases and Epidemics
antonyms and synonyms,
10. Our Democratic Tradition
prefixes and suffixes,
11. Careers, Jobs and Lifestyles
linking words, 12. Science and Technology
conjunctions, homographs, 13. Morals and Values
and homophones. 14. Mass Media and Communication
Important reading comprehension skills for the test include: deducing meaning from
context, finding key words within a text, focusing on general meaning (not the meaning of
every word), and understanding how modal verbs change a sentences meaning. Some
important test taking skills for the test include: reading questions first to identify required
information, using a process of elimination to discount nonsense answers, and identifying
important words or phrases that can alter a questions meaning (not, isnt).
The purpose of this manual is to provide the lesson plans, worksheets, and practice
readings an instructor would need to conduct a preparatory course for the English
bachillerato exam. The vocabulary outlined in the course was taken directly from past
exams in order to best prepare students for actual language seen on the exam. The
lessons were designed to be conducted mostly in Spanish, considering the low level of
spoken English of many high school students.
Good luck!
Megon, Ken and Kevin
!"##$%&'(&)*$+,#&
!
-./##&0%,+$123,0$%&
& "#$!$%&'!()**+,-(! "./(0-((!0*+((!1+2&(!
! "345*+/6!0*+((!7$'8+2! ".&7/6&!0$'&!&45&02+2/$6(!
&
& 4%#,+23,0$%/.&#"52"%3"& 6/,"+0/.#&
9-2!(2-1&62(!/62$!2:$!$'!2;'&&!<'$-5(=!>/6&!2;&8!-5!'&*+)"(2)*&! !
5&'5&61/0-*+'!2$!2;&!0;+*?,$+'1!+61!5*+0&!+!(2+0?!$7!%$0+,-*+')!0+'1(! !
@(5$'2(!&A-/58&62!+61!'&*+2&1!%&',(!+61!6$-6(B!$6!+!0;+/'!/6!7'$62!$7! !
2;&/'!*/6&=!3+0;!(2+0?!$7!0+'1(!(;$-*1!,&!+!1/77&'&62!0$*$'=!C*($!(2/0?! !
8+6)!5/&0&(!$7!2+5&!2$!2;&!(+8&!0;+/'(!7$'!2;&!2&+8(!2$!-(&=!./%/1&!2;&! !
0;+*?,$+'1!/62$!1/77&'&62!(5$'2("'&*+2&1!0+2&<$'/&(D! !
! !
! (0-,+!1/%/6<! !,+(?&2,+**! !
! !
($00&'!! ! !,$4/6<!
! !
(-'7/6<! ! !0;&((!
! !
(:/88/6<! !<$*7!
! !
! %$**&),+**! R!8$2$0'$((! !
! ! %$0+,-*+')!0+'1(!
! $6!O!1/77&'&62!
E;&!7/'(2!(2-1&62!/6!&+0;!*/6&!;+(!2$!<'+,!2;&!2$5!%$0+,-*+')!0+'1!+61! 0$*$'&1!0+'1(!
6$,07/,0$%& +!5/&0&!$7!2+5&!+61!'-6!2$!2;&!,$+'1!2$!(2/0?!/2!/6!2;&!0$''&02!0+2&<$')=! !
F7!2;&)G'&!6$2!(-'&H!2;&)!8+)!+(?!2;&/'!2&+88+2&(!7$'!+((/(2+60&=!I60&! 8+(?/6<!2+5&!
2;&)!5*+0&!2;&!0+'1H!2;&)!'-6!,+0?!2$!2;&/'!2&+8H!2+<!2;&!6&42!5&'($6!/6! !
*/6&H!+61!<$!2$!2;&!&61!$7!2;&!*/6&=!E;&!2&+8(!0$62/6-&!'&5&+2/6<!2;/(! +6(:&'!(;&&2!:/2;!
(&A-&60&!-62/*!2;&)!;+%&!5*+0&1!+**!$7!2;&/'!0+'1(!/6!2;&/'!'&(5&02/%&! %$0+,-*+')!:$'1(!
0+2&<$'/&(=!J$'!&4+85*&H!K<$+*L!+61!K7/&*1L!:$-*1!<$!/6!2;&!($00&'! 5*+0&1!/6!
0+2&<$')!:;/*&!K0*-,L!+61!K;$*&L!<$!/6!2;&!<$*7!0+2&<$')=!! 0+2&<$'/&(!
! !
E&+0;&'!<$&(!2$!2;&!,$+'1!+61!A-/0?*)!*$$?(!$%&'!2;&!5*+0&8&62!$7!2;&! !
0+'1(=!M&!$'!(;&!2+?&(!1$:6!2;&!0+'1(!2;+2!+'&!5*+0&1!/60$''&02*)H!
</%&(!2;&8!2$!+!2&+8!$2;&'!2;+6!2;&!$6&!2;+2!$'/</6+**)!5*+0&1!2;&8H!
+61!</%&(!2;&8!+!(&0$61!$55$'2-6/2)!2$!5*+0&!2;&8!0$''&02*)=!E;/(!
2/8&!/2!/(!6$2!+!'+0&=!360$-'+<&!2;&!(2-1&62(!2$!:$'?!2$<&2;&'=!
!
I60&!2;&!(2-1&62(!;+%&!7/6/(;&1H!&%&')$6&!(;$-*1!(/2!1$:6=!M+61!$-2!
2;&!1+)G(!/67$'8+2/$6!5+0?&2!+61!'&%/&:!2;&!8&+6/6<(!@/6!N5+6/(;B!$7!
+**!$7!2;&!:$'1(!/6!&+0;!0+2&<$')=!
P&%/&:!2;&!7$**$:/6<!%&',(!,)!:'/2/6<!2;&8!$6!2;&!,$+'1=!#$!$%&'!2;&!
8&+6/6<!$7!2;&(&!%&',(!/6!5'&(&62!5&'7&02H!(/85*&!5+(2!+61!5+((/%&! !
%$/0&=!C**$:!(2-1&62(!2$!2'+6(*+2&!+(!6&&1&1!$6!2;&/'!(;&&2(=!! N2-1&62!:$'?(;&&2!
! $7!%&',(!+61!(/85*&!
P&<-*+'!%&',(D! 5+(2H!5'&(&62!
+0;/&%&!!!!!!!! 5&'7&02!+61!5+((/%&!
+''/%&!!!!!!!!!!!!!! %$/0&!0$*-86(!
+:+'1!!!!!!!!!!!!! !
4%8$+9/,0$%& ,$4! !
0&*&,'+2&! !
0;+6<&! !
0*$(&! N2-1&62!:$'?(;&&2!
0$62/6-&! $7!'&*+2&1!%&',(H!
1&%&*$5! 6$-6(!+61!
7/6/(;! +1Q&02/%&(!@:$'1!
/6(5/'&! 7+8/*/&(B!
*&+'6!
!"##$%&'(&)*$+,#&
!
"#$%&'!
"()'! (/%>!
(%*$&+&(%$)!! G.%/&E>!
! *%+)!
,**)-./%*!0)*#12! 1+"*)!
#)+"3)! 1$%*$!
#)-&'! 1.++))4!
4&0)! 16&$+5!
-)$! $&)!
/"1)! $*%&'!
*&4)! !
15&')!
16&3!
$%7)!
$)%+5!
6&'!
!
81&'-!$5)!1%3)!0)*#19!4&1+.11!5"6!&'!:'-/&15!;%'4!&'!<(%'&15=!3%'>!
0)*#19!%4?)+$&0)19!%'4!'".'1!%*)!*)/%$)4!%'4!5%0)!1&3&/%*!3)%'&'-1@!
!
:A%3(/)2!(%*$&+&(%$)B(%*$&+&(%'$B(%*$&+&(%$&"'B(%*$&+&(%$"*>!
!
C)/(!1$.4)'$1!$*%'1/%$)!$5)!0)*#1!"'!$5)&*!15))$@!
!
D)%4!$5*".-5!$5)!E&*1$!$)A$F1!G.)1$&"'1!%/".4@!H"!$5*".-5!$5)!%'16)*1!
%'4!+5)+7!E"*!.'4)*1$%'4&'-@!
!
D)%4!$5)!$)A$!%/".49!1$"((&'-!$"!$5&'7!%/".4!%#".$!65%$!>".!7'"6!
%#".$!$5)!$&$/)9!3%7)!(*)4&+$&"'19!)$+@!<$.4)'$1!15"./4!*)%4!%/"'-!%'4!
$*%'1/%$)!)'".-5!$"!-)$!$5)!-&1$@!
!
H"!#%+7!$"!$5)!G.)1$&"'1!%'4!*)%4!$5)!%'16)*1!%-%&'9!+*"11&'-!"EE!%'>!
-+./,0/"& L*%+$&+)!*)%4&'-1!
$5%$!4"'F$!3%7)!1)'1)!"*!%*)!4)E&'&$)/>!&'+"**)+$@!I%*7!$5)!+/%11F!J-.$K!
%'16)*@!C%0)!$5)!1$.4)'$1!$*>!$"!/"+%$)!(*""E!"E!$5)&*!%'16)*!%'4!$5)!
)A%+$!/&')!&'!$5)!$)A$!65)*)!&$!&1!/"+%$)4@!
!
H"!#%+7!&'$"!$5)!$)A$!%'4!$*>!$"!0)*&E>!$5)!%'16)*!"*!+5%'-)!&$!%1!
')+)11%*>@!
!
D)()%$!6&$5!$5)!"$5)*!$6"!$)A$19!)%+5!$&3)!-&0&'-!$5)!1$.4)'$1!$5)!
"(("*$.'&$>!$"!6"*7!$"-)$5)*@!!
N5"3)6"*7!
C"3)6"*72!1$.4)'$1!1$.4>!$5)!3%$)*&%/!"'!$5)!5%'4".$19!'"$)19!%'4!
1**20/.,0$%& *)%4&'-!(%+7)$!
*)%4!%'4!%'16)*!G.)1$&"'1!%#".$!MNO!$)A$1@!
!
&
!
!
!
!
!"#$%&'!"#$%&'$()!
!"#$%&'"((! !"#$%&! !"#$$! !"##$%&'##!

!"#$%&! !"#$%! !"#$%! !"##!
!"#$%! !"#$%! !"#!$%&'#! !"#$%!
!"##$! !"#$%&! !"#$%&#'()"! !"##$%!
!"#$%&! !"#$! !"#$#%! !"#!
!"##$! !"#$%! !"#$%&! !"#$%&!
!"##"$!
!"#$! !"#"$%"&&! !"#$%& !"#$$#%&!

!"#"$%!
!"##! !"#$%&! !"#$%&%&"'(#!
!
!"#$! !"#$"%! !"#$%! !"##$%&'(!
!"#$%&! !"#"$%&%'(! !"#$! !"!!#$%!
!"#$%"&! !"#$! !"#$! !""#!
!"#$%& !"#$!! !"#$%! !"#$$%&!
!"#$%&'()&*! !"#$%!
!"#$%&'! !"##$%!
!"#$%! !"##!
!"#$%&!
!"#$%!
!"#$%!
!"#$!
!"#$%#!
!"#$%&&'&(!
!"#$!
!"#!
!"#$%!
!"#$%&!
!"#$%!
!"#$%&'( )*+"%&'( ,-.%"%/%0"(+"1(&2"0"23(
+14+"5-1( ( "#$"%!&'!%$($)*+,$'-!*.!+.*/.$001!%$($)*+$%!
+14+"/+#-( ( "!2*'%&-&*'!-#"-!+3-0!"!+$.0*'!&'!"!03+$.&*.!+*0&-&*'1!4$'$5&-!
+3+/-67( ( "!+$.0*'!6#*!+".-&2&+"-$0!&'!"!0+*.-!"'%!&0!'*-!+"&%1!'*'+.*5$00&*'")!
+/'$-/-( ( "!+$.0*'!6#*!+".-&2&+"-$0!&'!0+*.-01!0+*.-0,"'!
+8.6$( ! ($.7!4"%1!#*..&4)$!
"!-"08!*.!0&-3"-&*'!-#"-!-$0-0!0*,$*'$90!"4&)&-&$0!:;!-*!"--$,+-!-*!6&'!"!
5'+$$-"#-( !
2*'-$0-!*.!2*,+$-&-&*'1!-$0-!
5'+$$-"#%"#( ! 0*,$-#&'/!-#"-!&0!#".%!-*!%*1!%&55&23)-!
-#$!+$.0*'!6#*!#"0!%$5$"-$%!"))!*++*'$'-0!&'!"!0+*.-0!2*,+$-&-&*'1!
5'+3*%0"( !
6&''$.!
50+5'( ! "'!"-#)$-&2!&'0-.32-*.1!-."&'$.!
503*-/-( ! -*!-"8$!+".-!&'!"!2*'-$0-1!+".-&2&+"-$!
503*-/%/%4-( ! #"(&'/!"!0-.*'/!%$0&.$!-*!4$!,*.$!0322$0053)!-#"'!*-#$.01!",4&-&*30!
50"&%&/-"/( ! 3'2#"'/&'/!&'!"2#&$($,$'-!*.!$55$2-1!.$)&"4)$!
1-1%5+/-1( ! %$(*-$%!-*!0*,$-#&'/1!2*,,&--$%!
1%&+14+"/+#-( ! "'!3'5"(*."4)$!2&.23,0-"'2$!*.!2*'%&-&*'1!%."64"28!
-9*-7%-"5-1( ! #"(&'/!8'*6)$%/$!*.!08&))1!8'*6)$%/$"4)$!
.073-7( ! #"(&'/!+.$(&*30)7!5&))$%!"!.*)$1!+.$2$%&'/!
#+3-( ! "!5*.,!*5!+)"7!*.!0+*.-1!$($'-!
#0+$( ! "'!"&,!*.!%$0&.$%!.$03)-1!*4<$2-&($!
:+$$(0.(;+3-( ! "!,30$3,!%$%&2"-$%!-*!$=2$))$'-!"-#)$-$01!>))?@-".!
<$23*%5&( ! "'!&'-$.'"-&*'")!0+*.-&'/!2*,+$-&-&*'!
$0&-( ( -*!5"&)!-*!6&'!"!/",$!*.!2*'-$0-1!4$!%$5$"-$%!
06/&/+"1%"#( ( $=2$+-&*'"))7!/**%1!$=2$))$'-!
*+%".6$( ( 2"30&'/!%&02*,5*.-!*.!+"&'1!3'2*,5*.-"4)$!
*$+5-( ( "!+".-&23)".!+*0&-&*'1!0+*-!
*0*6$+7( ( 0*,$*'$!6#*!&0!"%,&.$%!"'%!$'<*7$%!47!*-#$.01!6$))?)&8$%!
*70.-&&%0"+$( ( "!+$.0*'!6#*!+".-&2&+"-$0!&'!"!0+*.-!"'%!&0!+"&%1!$=+$.-!
7-/%7-( ! -*!/&($!3+!*.!0-*+!+)"7&'/!"!0+*.-1!A3&-!
7%4+$( ! "!+$.0*'!2*,+$-&'/!6&-#!"'*-#$.!&'!-#$!0",$!0+*.-!*.!$($'-1!2*,+$-&-*.!
706"1( ! *'$!*5!"!0322$00&*'!*5!0-"/$0!&'!"!0+*.-&'/!2*'-$0-1!#$"-!
&-+&0"( ( -#$!-&,$!&'!-#$!7$".!6#$'!"!+".-&23)".!0+*.-!&0!+)"7$%1!+$.&*%!
&=%$$.6$( ( #"(&'/!*.!0#*6&'/!08&))1!-")$'-$%!
&/7-"#/'( ( +#70&2")!+*6$.!"'%!$'$./71!5*.2$!
/-+3( ( "!/.*3+!*5!"-#)$-$0!-#"-!+)"7!*.!+".-&2&+"-$!-*/$-#$.1!/.*3+!
-#$!+*0&-&*'!*5!4$&'/!-#$!2#",+&*'!&'!"!,"<*.!0+*.-0!2*,+$-&-&*'1!5&.0-!
/%/$-( (
+)"2$!
/067"+3-"/( ( "!0$.&$0!*5!2*'-$0-0!4$-6$$'!"!'3,4$.!*5!2*,+$-&-*.01!2*,+$-&-&*'!
-*!3'%$.-"8$!"!2*3.0$!*5!$=$.2&0$!"'%!%&$-!&'!*.%$.!-*!,"&'-"&'!"!#&/#!
/7+%"( (
)$($)!*5!+#70&2")!5&-'$001!+."2-&2$!
6"$%=-( ( '*-!-#$!0",$1!%&55$.$'-!
4%5/072( ( -#$!"2-!*5!%$5$"-&'/!"'!*++*'$'-!&'!"!/",$1!0322$00!
807$1>5$+&&( ! -#$!4$0-!&'!-#$!6*.)%1!$=2$))$'-!
807$1>7-"08"-1( ! &'-$.'"-&*'"))7!8'*6'1!5",*30!
!
!
B*)%!,$%")!C!5&.0-!+)"2$!DE0-F!
@&)($.!,$%")!C!0$2*'%!+)"2$!DG'%F!
H.*'I$!,$%")!C!-#&.%!+)"2$!DJ.%F!
!"#$%&'()"'*+(&++,-.&/"0(1./2(+3,'/+(
456.5./.)"(6,'7( 8'"+"5/(3"'6"-/(/"5+"( 9.73%"(3&+/(/"5+"( 8&++.)"(),.-"(
/,(&-2.")"( !"#$$"%!&'(')$ "%!&'(')$ *"#$"%!&'(')$
/,(&''.)"( !"#$"++&(')$ "++&(')$ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,$
/,(&1&'0( !"#$"*"+)')$ "*"+)')$ *"#$"*"+)')$
/,(*,:( !"#$-./')$ -./')$ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,$
/,(-"%"*'&/"( !"#$%'0'-+"1')$ %'0'-+"1')$ *"#$%'0'-+"1')$
/,(-2&5#"( !"#$%!"23')$ %!"23')$ *"#$%!"23')$
/,(-%,+"( !"#$%0.#')$ %0.#')$ *"#$%0.#')$
/,(-,5/.5$"( !"#$%.21&24')$ %.21&24')$ *"#$%.21&24')$
/,(0")"%,3( !"#$)'('0.5')$ )'('0.5')$ *"#$)'('0.5')$
/,(6.5.+2( !"#$6&2&#!')$ 6&2&#!')$ *"#$6&2&#!')$
/,(.5+3.'"( !"#$&2#5&+')$ &2#5&+')$ *"#$&2#5&+')$
/,(%"&'5( !"#$0'"+2')$ 0'"+2')$ *"#$0'"+2')$
/,(,*/&.5( !"#$.-1"&2')$ .-1"&2')$ *"#$.-1"&2')$
/,(,3"5( !"#$.5'2')$ .5'2')$ *"#$.5'2')$
/,(3&'/.-.3&/"( !"#$5"+1&%&5"1')$ 5"+1&%&5"1')$ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,$
/,(3%&;( !"#$50"7')$ 50"7')$ *"#$50"7')$
/,(<$&%.6;( !"#$84"0&6&')$ 84"0&6&')$ *"#$84"0&6&')$
/,('&-"( !"#$+"%')$ +"%')$ *"#$+"%')$
/,(+-,'"( !"#$#%.+')$ #%.+')$ *"#$#%.+')$
/,(+$--""0( !"#$#4%%'')')$ #4%%'')')$ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,$
/,(+1./-2( !"#$#*&1%!')$ #*&1%!')$ *"#$#*&1%!')$
/,(/."( !"#$1&')$ 1&')$ *"#$1&')$
/,(/'&.5( !"#$1+"&2')$ 1+"&2')$ *"#$1+"&2')$
$
!""#$%&'"()#"*+('++,-.'/#0(1./2(+3,"/+(
!45.4./.)#(5,"6( 7"#+#4/(3#"5#-/(/#4+#( 8.63&#(3'+/(/#4+#( 7'++.)#(),.-#(
/,(*#-,6#( "#$!%&'()&! %&'#)&! ******************!
/,(*#$.4( "#$!%&+,-! %&+#-! .#$!%&+,-!
/,(0.)#( "#$!/01&/! /(1&! ******************!
/,($#/( "#$!+(22&-! +(2! .#$!+(22&-!
/,(&,+#( "#$!3($2! 3($2! .#$!3($2!
/,(".0#( "#$!40//&-! 4(/&! .#$!40//&-!
/,(+2.4#( "#$!$"(-&! $"(-&! .#$!$"0-&/!

/,(+1.6( "#$!$.,)! $.#)! .#$!$.,)!
/,(/'9#( "#$!2#5&-! 2((5! .#$!2#5&-!
/,(/#'-2( "#$!2#,+"2! 2#,+"2! .#$!2#,+"2!
/,(1.4( "#$!.(-! .(-! .#$!.(-!
!!
! A'9.4$(-,63'".+,4+(
!
!
:0;#-/.)#( <,63'"'/.)#(5,"6( 8%3#"&'/.)#(5,"6(
! =-,63'".+,4(*#/1##4(>(3#,3&#?( =-,63'".+,4('6,4$(@(,"(6,"#(3#,3&#?(
! !""#$ %&''&($ %&)'$
! %*#$ +"()&$ +"()'$
! ,-!,$ ,-!,&($ ,-!,&)'$
! ."+$ ."+&($ ."+&)'$
!
/"01!$ /"01!&($ /"01!&)'$
!
".#$ ".#&($ ".#&)'$
!
)."+$ )."+&($ )."+&)'$
!
2*)'$ 2*)'&($ 2*)'&)'$
!
2&+$ .&))$ .&*)'$
!
3*1/$ 3"(&$ 3")'$
!
! !
!
!
!
!
:2*1!8",%)%&5!
!"#$% &'(")*+,"% -./0%

*.%1)2+","% "#$%&'"()&! "#$%&'&*+!"#$%&'&,&-.!
*.%1##+,"% ///////////////////////////////////////////! "**%'")!
*.%131#'% "0"*1&1! "0"*1!
*.%)"4"$#1*"% #&)&(*".2*3! #&)&(*".%2-!
*.%)2105"% ///////////////////////////////////////////! #$"-4&!
*.%)4.6"% #)25"()&! #)25&*!
*.%).0*+0/"% #2-.%-6")! #2-.%-6&*!
*.%'","4.7% ///////////////////////////////////////////! 1&'&)27,&-.!
*.%8+0+62% 8%-%5$&1! 8%-%5$&*!
*.%+067+#"% %-57%*%-4! %-57%*".%2-!
*.%4"1#0% )&"*-"()&+!)&"*-&1! )&"*-&*!
*.%.$*1+0% 2(."%-"()&! 2(."%-,&-.!
*.%.7"0% 27&-! 27&-%-4!
*.%71#*+)+71*"% 7"*.%#%7".2*3! 7"*.%#%7"-.+!7"*.%#%7".%2-!
*.%7419% 7)"386)! 7)"3&*!
*.%:/14+89% 96")%8%&1! 96")%8&*!
*.%#1)"% ///////////////////////////////////////////! *"#&*!
*.%6).#"% 5#2*&)&55! 5#2*&*!
*.%6*1#*%% ///////////////////////////////////////////! 5."*.!
*.%6/))""'% 56##&5586)! 56##&55!
*.%*+"% ///////////////////////////////////////////! .%&!
*.%*#1+0% .*"%-"()&+!.*"%-&1! .*"%-&*!
*.%$"5+0% ///////////////////////////////////////////! (&4%--%-4+!(&4%--&*!
*.%4.6"% ///////////////////////////////////////////! )25&*!
*.%#+'"% *%1&"()&! *%1&*!
*.%*"1)2% .&"#$"()&! .&"#$&*!
*.%3+0% 0%--"()&! 0%--&*!
!
!
!"#$%&'(&)'*+,%-.)
/*+,%-.)$0)&6",)
'0&,%5!2#)+%3),2#,, , , ! 4$!#$(&#'$2!(0!50-(+!63/+!+"($#!,3''3'7!(8$!/019$(3(30':!
'.5!(*#&'"-), ;-!8$!,+-!9#+/(3/3'7!,3(8!83-!($+1<!8$!=#0>$!83-!)$7:!
'.).$$()'.5!,'-&,+".&'.,$.(.,, ;-!-00'!+-!-8$!3-!+=)$<!-8$!,3))!/019$($!3'($#'+(30'+))*:!
-,0$%,5!-&'#),2#,45%#6, 4$!9)+*$2!(8$!2#&1-!=$"0#$!8$!=$7+'!(0!9)+*!(8$!(#&19$(:!!
,+,%4)&6",5!$-2-,/#7,45%#6, ?.$#*!(31$!-8$!/019$($-<!-8$!,3'-:!
.6(3,5!2#)2#, 4$!8+-!9)+*$2!70)"!-3'/$!8$!,+-!"3.$!*$+#-!0)2:!
&7,)806%.&9.,3$(*9&76%*:)&6",5!1-, @8$!"3#-(!(31$!8$!9)+*$2!3'($#'+(30'+))*<!8$!)0-(:!
4+"*(#"-8)#9%&2-8'#"$#"-6,/#7, !
&7,)8;'.&9(,<&:)&6",5)) @8$!'$A(!(31$!8$!9)+*-!8$!,3))!=$!3'!50-(+!63/+:!
1-,4:1'*(-8+".;*(-6,/#7! !
=76;,5!(*#&'"-), B8$!9)+*$2!-0//$#!9#0"$--30'+))*!,83)$!#+3-3'7!8$#!/83)2#$':!
2(&6;5!,0-)'-,45%#6, B8$!/+'C(!9)+*!=+->$(=+))!&'(3)!(010##0,:!
/*+,%-.)$0)0%,12,(34)
'$.$#! -$)201! 0"($'! +),+*-!

"#$%&$'()*!
&%&$-, +.$-),/#$#), (%$0-),/#$#), )*#(+"#,
!"#$%#&'#(#&'#!
#+#$)*! -01$(31$-!
/0110')*! &-&+))*!
"-"-),/#$#), -,/#$#),
$.(%&(#&'#, %)%-1(#&'#,
'\ sELEccr6N 0nrce
Read the text. Choose the correct option that answers each question 11,2, 3,4, 5 and 6).
SPECIAL OLYMPICS FROM COSTA RICA
Erick, a 33-year-old swimmer and the oldest son of Eli6cer

Zumbado and Aracelly Mora, was happy when he received the
news that he would be one of the five new members of the
Costa Rican Sports Hall of Fame. Erick is the first athlete with a disability (Down
syndrome) who is.part of the Hall of Fame. He attributes his achievement to his
hard work and dedication to training and swimming tournaments under the guidance
of his trainer Heriberto Cespedes. Erick gets up at dawn from Monday through
Saturday to travel from his home in Vuelta de Jorco in Aserrl to Desamparados to
work until 3:00 p.m. at the Labor Workshop of Good Will lndustries. After work, he
goes to Barreal de Heredia to train from 3:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m: swimming 3,700
meters. He began swimming at the age of 14, in 1989, when his parents d6cided to
enroll him in a recreational swimming program in Heredia. Without realizing it, they
were setting out on a road of success for the entire family. "Knowing that Erick had
Down syndrome was very painful because it is something that you never expect.
We.were ovenrvhelmed at first, but we faced it," Mrs. Mora remembered. lnstead of
being disappointed, she and her husband accepted the situation and resolved to
give Erick the opportunity to grow and succeed. Erick has won 48 medals'in local
competitions, as well as nine awards in three Special Olympics World Games:
Connecticut (USA) in 1995, North Carolina, USA in 1999 and Dublin, lreland, in
2003.
,. .t .' ' ., .,'
1) Howold'was Erick when he started training?
A) Just nine
B) Fourteen
C) Thirtythree
D) More than fourteen
lN11-08
2') For how long has Erick,been swirnming?
A) Since 1g9S
B) For nineteen years
C) For thirty-three years
D)'Sinee.hgiiias sgventeen
'tl
,l' : . . .- ,.i
t
'* t''l' '
3) \A/hat type of program did Erick's parents enroil him?
A) Advanced
B) Beginners
C)
A!
Professional
I D) Entertainment
4) How many medals has Erick won until now?
A) Around fourteen
B) Less thal forty-nine
C) More than forty eight
D) Less than thirty-three
5) \Mrere does Erick go to train? He goes to train to
-I A) Guadatupe
B) Desamparados
C) Vuelto de Jorco
D) Barrealde Heredia
6) What time does Erick train?
A) ln the evening
B) ln the afternoon
C) Very early in the morning
D) ln the middle of the morning
tN11-08 2
t!
sELECcrOru 0nrCR
Read the text below.
/
T:\
ADRIAN ROBERT: THE LEGEND
Adri6n Robert Bonilla was born onr March 24, 1966 in Barrio Escalante,. San Jos6,
Costa Rica. He is Hilda Bonilla's and Fernando Robert's'
youngest son: As a child, Adri5n was very healthy and
energetic. Adri6n has four brothers, Fernando, Daniel,
.:Enrique,' qnd Arturo. They taught him how to ride
.motorcycles. The first time ,he rode one, he was
eleven years old. All the males in the Robert family
have almost'the same physical appearance, mainly
the shape of their face. That is why many people
' get confused, and they are not.always sure about
who is who,in the Robert family.

AdriSn is a very skillful motordycle rider who has won 39 national competitions and 1,5
Latin American tournaments. He is considering retiring pretry soon frorn motocross. He
will continue participating in motocross tournaments just for fun but not to compete.
t
\ Transtated a:nd adapted from'La NablOn ny Virgina Jara.
Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option that completes each sentence.
(ltems from 1 to 5)
1) Adri6n Robert is considered a very successful motorcycle rider because he
A) is healthy and energetic

B) has won many championships
C) has won more than 39 national championships
D) has the same physical appearance as his brothers
rN11-09
2) This outstanding athlete has raced'not only. in Costa Rica but also in :
A) Barrio Escalante
B) foreign countries
"
C) his country
D) San Jose
3) The writersaysthat:Adriin is.thinking of , ,, ,,
; 1,. ,,t .: ...
,' A) practicing this sport as a pro{,essional

B)' retiring gpm competitive racing '
C) racing motorcycles
l
D) havi4gafamily . ' ,
4) Adri6n had his first experience as a motorcycle rider when he was a(n)
A) adult
B) teenager
C) young boy
D) elderly man .
5) Adridn has
A) won more national than international competitions -

B) won more internationalthan local competitions
C) ridden motor.cycles professionatly all of his life
D) "gotten confused during many competitions ,
|N11.09 .2
SELECCION UNICA
NATTONAL SURFTNG CHAMPTONSHTPS

Costa Rican summer has arrived in Jaco. Each year the countryls best
talents fight against waves that occasionally reach great heights.
. Diego Naranjo, Jason Torres, and.Gilbbrth Brown were the
-
national champions in the Men's Open Category in 2007.

.
Germain, "Nino" Myrie, was the national champion for the first
time, in 2003. "Nino", came out on top after a rough final heat. "l
want to compete well," he said at that moment; by mentioning "to compete well",
he meant to fight against experienced and talented competitors. These
competitors are former national champions with other international titles. So,
"Nino" attacked each set as if it were the last one,. until he finally wo0"
Torres, who was tne former Pan-American Jur$or Champion, won second place
in the 2006-2007 National Circuit. He said, ulrly goal is to i<eep competing in
ALAS (Asociacion Latinoamericana de Su4, by making my surfing more
consistent, radical, and strong."
Copa Mango, the name .of the weekend contest, was inaugurated in the 2OOT-
200S natjonal surfing s.eason. The waves.have been much higher than those
seen on the beach tor many weeks. "Despite the strong onshore winds, the
waves were really cped, fun and "surfable" for a competition," said Lisbeth
Vindas, a talented srirter who took first place in the Worhen's open Category.
Adapted fronl Beach Times, 200g
(ltems from 1 to 5)
1) "Nino" has won a national surfing competition
A) once
B) twice
c) every year
D) three years ago
lN41-10 ,ir
ir '.:i
'4. :::.
&-4
2) Jason Torres,
A) took second place at the Pan-American Junior Championship

B) won the Pan-American Junior Championship
C) was awarded the National Circuit gold medal
$ took first place in the Men's Open -Category
3) :'"GopA Mango"is th'etname of- ' ' in Costa Rica.
A) a beach
B) a surfing copJest
,, tC) a surfin$champion
D) the firqt championship
4l "surfable" in the specific situation of the reading means " tt
A)
:
good for a surfing competition'

B) bad for a surfing competition
C) too high dangerous waves
D) strong winds :
r 5) Lisbeth Vindab was the in the Women's Open Catego.ry.
' A) best
B) slowest '
C) youngest :
E) least talented
tN41-10
-,-/'
.'. T'
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Homework Readings
Sports
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
.'\
sELEccton 0rurcR "
Read the text. Choose the appropriate alternative to compiete

each sentence.
ALEJANDRO RAMIREZ
Alejandro Tadeo Ramirez Alvarez (born in San
Jose,. Costa Rica, June 21, lgg8i is a cness
Grandmaster:. He was inspired to become a
ghep player after watching ihe movie 'searching
lg1 QoOny Fischef'when he was four yearc olOl
His first and only chess {eacher was his father; he
then developed his own style. Ramirez became
an lnternational Master at the age of 13, and
completed the requirements for the Grandmaster
title at lhe age of 1S, becoming the first
Grandmaster ever in Central America and the
youngest Grandmaster in America at that time.
He oblained the Grandmaster tifle at a younger
3g:"j:i: p^":ly,,ll":l."J is luent-il-$;r,.rh
Presentty, he studies at the l,,l=rf,..ArejTdro
university oi T"*a, "'rj L".,dri3i,
o"urs iuTd;;ilr;il#il;;
"t
::lgit*_p,-_ol?,_ql lhu most presiigious academic scnorar'rnipr-in
-r""ir;;';ith"'uffi",,!i,y'"1
the United
:Rl"j#:j*,i,:lTlf:",:"s_cfess"ara ,;ti"ili"ra
area,
,"^"::*[i.llojf:-:l-?:1lrr_r_"I".:
to
i;d,',"rti",ii"'ric]'ilffi:,,,
grgvidina
parents who are interested in achievemenis in chess.
1) Alejandro wap first inspired to play chess
A) at the age of 13
B) when he was 15 :
C) when he was four years old

D) at the same age Bobby Fischer was
2) Alejandro's dad
A) is a Costa Rican chess champion

B) taught his son how to play chess
C) studied in the United States
D) inspired Bobby Fischer
2
3) , Aleiandro got motivation to play chess
A) after a;meeting with Bobby Fischer

B) when he was a little child
C) at the age of thirteen
D) on June 21,1988
4) When Alejandro was fifteen years old, he
A) watched a movie about Bobby Fischer

B) develoPed his dad's stYle
C) learned to sPeak English
D) became a Grandmaster
5) Alejandro Ramirez
A) has been the youngest Master of the world

B) defeated BobbY Fischer's father
C) speaks two languages
D) was born in Dallas :
6) Alejandro
A) gives lectures at the UTD

B) got a scholarshiP to studY
C) motivated Bobby Fischer to play chess
D) obtained a MasteCs degree in McDermott
SELECCION UNICA
.rt
->-- _jt__
/<
Female Surfing Competition in Jh"'#
Recently, Lisbeth Vindas, the five-time national fenrale c;heis;pion
since
2001, took one of the first places in ilre national srrrfing ccnr.esE.
Gn the
same day as the Fernale Open Final Surfing Cr:rrrpeirtilrr-rr
Vindas
spent nearly two hours taking the naiiona! mathen.iatics *xam
ir;
Quepos' Lisbeth says, "That day I arrived jtrst r'ive nrinuies i:rlfoi.e the
cornpetiiion-" This was because the femai*: final competitrr:ntcok plact:
iir.Ja c.&, atorvn
tocated nearly two hours south of euepos. Vindas renrembe?s
tnai she was a little
distracted that day. she adds, "Ail r had in my head that rlay \{/ere riuinhers.,,
rn spite cf
that stressful start, she celebrated two victories: winning first place in
the ccr;-npetition
and passing the math exam.
-:'-
Another ouistanding athrete is Nataly Bernold who, at fourteen, became
the youngest Costa Rican female surfing champiorr to v.rin the r:aiionai .*
::l{i
champiqnship in the open Division. she also tock first piace
rec*ntiy
i n the Junior Female Category. Vindas says tlrat Bernclcj's
st,rccessful
championship is good for nationat surfing, for it shaws that
Costa p.icarr
female surfers are placing well in local competitions, and thai ycung
lccal taierits are
k>ecoming excellent ailrletes, ready to cornpete internationelly.
m5i.R.s;f.ryS!.rGlsi$Ef,_.:..:
8ai ed on the text above, choose the appropriate optlon that cr::nlpleies each
from 1to5) sentence. (rtems
1) The text is about two
A) exceptional exams
B) athletes' bietgraph ies
c) water and indoor sports
D) national surfing champions
lN31- -o9T
r, : 'IEllllg***!ii !r"::;;:.ry'
t'
2) Lisbeth Vindas has 'five surfing competitions.
' A) lost
B) won
C) competed in only
D) just participated in
3) Bernold's best achievement at fourteen was to
A) be better than Lisbeth

B) win over and over agaln
C) be the yor-rngest girl from Jaco
D) become an awardeci surfing champion
4, Lisbeth was the
A) best surfer of the Female Open Surfing Competition

B) newest surfer in national competitions \
C) smartest maih student
D) worst suder in Jaco
5) According to Vindas's own words,'she was the same

day of the surfing competition.
A) leaving her town
C) taking the national math exam

D) deciding to stop con-rpeting in surfing
lN3n-no.
sElEccroru 0uca
Read the article and choose the option that answers each question correcly.
ALVARO SABORIO LEADING SOCCER PLAYER
Alvar,s Saborfo Chac6n born on March 2lth, 1gB2 is a

Gosta Rican:soccer player, .who currenfly plays striker for
Deportivo Saprjssa of the Costa,Rican soccer league.
Saborio was the leading goal-scorer of the 2003-200t4
Costa Rican season finishing the year with 25 goals, five
above Whayne Wilson.
H,e is also an irnportant player for the Costa Rica national
soccer team at numerous levels. He represented the U-
23 team at the 2004 Olympics, scoring the qualifying goal
that took them there, and subsequenfly playing 3 of 4
games for the team, scoring a goal against portugal. He
has also been capped for the full national team, playing
for the team during 2006 World Cup.
With Saprissa, he has won a national championship and
a CONCACAF Champions Cup, and was part of the team
that played the 2005 FIFA Club World Championship
Toyota Cup, where Saprissa finished third behind Sao
Paulo Futebol Clube and Liverpool F.C. At the
tournament, he scored two goals and ended up tied with
3 more players as the top scorers.
1) Whdt was Saborio's highest achievement in the season 2003-200 4? To
A) finish his contract with Deportivo Saprissa

B) own the Costa Rican Soccer League
C) score a total of 2lgoals
D) meet Whayne Wilson
2) What teams has he played for?
A) Saprissa and the U-23

B) Liverpool F.C. and Portugal
C) Olympics and Liverpool F.C.
D) Sao Paulo Clube and Saprissa
2
3) What soccer championship did Saborio's team win?
'The championship !I
A) CONCACAF
B) 2004 OlymPics
Cl FIFA Ctub World
,
D) Sao Paulo Futebol Cluber
4) what intemational toumament did he participate in? The cup
A) ToYota
B) Portugal
C) 2}OzWorld
D) National Team
5) What was Saborio's most recent achievement? To
A) play against WhaYne Wilson

B) finish third in the ToYota CuP
C) score 2 goals in the OlYmPics
D) be part of the National'Team in the World Cup
6) Where has Saborio scored rRore goals? ln
A) OlympicchamPionshiPs
B) national tournaments
, C) Liyerpool, England
D) world cups
3
SELECCION UNICA
Read the following text
JUAN ARNOLDO CAYASSO
-x'WjJuanArnoldo.Cayasso,bornonJune24,1g61,isaCosta
nican soccer player who shone during the 1980s and 1990s.
"'-ryf,j f
#h
'uffi
g
Cayasso played in Qosta Rica.for two teams, starting out in L.D.
rf {. Alajuelense in the early 80's, and later switching to their arch-

: rivals Saprissa before the 1988 s,eason. His transfer caused a lot
of national attention, due to the fact that he was considered one of the most talented
players in Costa Rica at the time.
Cayasso won'several national championships, both with Saprissa and Alajuela, as
well as two CONCACAF Champions Cup titles, with L.D. Alajuelense in 1986 anci
with Saprissa in 1995. He also played regularly with Costa Rica's National Team,
and he is usually remembered for scoring the first Costa Rican goal in a World Cup,
against Scotland during the 1990 Worfd Cup. During the early 90's, Cayasso played
in the German Bundesliga with Stuttgarter Kickers, and later came back to Saprissa,
where he retired. Then, he coached the soccer,team in Limon,' his,hometown, in
Costa Rica's second division.

Adapted from www. e n.wikiped ia. orglwikifiu a n_cayasso
(ltems from 1 to 5)
1) Cayasso began playing soccer with the Alajuela Team
A) in the BOs
B) befor:e 1980
C) in June,1961
D) in the early 90's
rN21-09
2) Juan Arnoldo Cayasso
A) played in Scotland
B) played only in Costa Rica
C) never won a championship
D) scored a goal in a World Cup
3) After playing in,Germany, Juan Arnoldo played for
A) Saprissa _ .,
B) Alajuelense
C) Lim6n'S team'
'D) StuttgarterKickers
4, During the 19Sfs and 1990s, Cayasso
A) became the trainer of Limonense

B) was the Stuttgarter Kickers'best player
, C) became the only champion of AlAjuelense'
D) 'was known as one of the best nationalsoccer players
n,
5) Cayasso retired when he was playing
A) with SaPrissa I' ' ' :

,
B) with the Bundbsliga

C) in the second division
D) only with the nationalteam
rN21-09 2
Claudia Maria Poll Ahrens holds a distinct place among Costa Ricans, as the only
Costa Rican to ever win an Olympic gold medal. As a short-distance swimmer, she also
has won more Olympic medals than any other Costa Rican. She attained this status
during the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, winning the 200-meter freestyle. Later, at the
2000 Sydney Games, she won two bronze medals. Her gold was not only the first for a
Costa Rican, but for any person from Central America.
Poll was born in Nicaragua on December 21, 1972 to parents who had emigrated
from Germany. Her family moved to Costa Rica when she was very young after an
earthquake and rising political tensions. Her family includes her older sister, Silvia, also
an Olympic medal-winning swimmer. Aside from swimming, Poll graduated from
university with a degree in Business Administration in 1998. She had her first child, a
daughter, in 2007, just a year after setting records at the Central American and Caribbean
Games.
1. Claudia Polls parents are from what country:

a. Costa Rica
b. Nicaragua
c. Germany
d. Spain
2. Claudia Poll won her first Olympic medal in which city:

a. Sydney
b. San Jos
c. Athens
d. Atlanta
3. In total, Poll has won how Olympic medals:

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 1
4. Claudia Poll represents the country she was born in, in the Olympics. True False
5. Claudia Poll is the only member of her family to swim in the Olympics. True False
6. Claudia Poll was not the first Central American to win a gold medal. True False
7. In what year did Poll give birth to her first child? __________________
During his career with the Costa Rican national soccer team, Paulo Wanchope scored 45
goals, the second most in the history of the team. He is one of the most famous soccer players in
Costa Ricas history, not just for his goals on the national team, but also for his play for
professional clubs in Europe. Born Pablo Csar Wanchope Watson in Heredia in 1976, he was
known as Paulo Wanchope as a player. Wanchope began his soccer career with CS Herediano, a
soccer team playing in Costa Ricas top league. When he was just 20 years old, he was signed to
play for Derby County of the English Premier League. He played for Derby County with great
success for two years and was then sold to West Ham United, where he enjoyed another two
successful years, and then was sold to Manchester City.
During his time at Manchester City, Wanchope suffered multiple injuries to his knee, but
still scored some important goals for the team. After seven seasons in England, Wanchope played
professionally in Spain, Argentina, Qatar, Costa Rica, Japan, and the United States. He was never
able to play as well as he had before his knee injury though. On the international scene,
Wanchope achieved his greatest success in the 2006 World Cup, when he scored two goals in a
single game. He also played in the 2002 World Cup. Wanchope retired in 2007.
1. Paulo Wanchope played for all of the following teams except:

a. CS Herediano
b. Manchester United
c. West Ham United
d. Derby County
2. Wanchopes best moment in international soccer occurred during the:

a. 1998 Gold Cup
b. 2002 World Cup
c. 2006 World Cup
d. 1998 World Cup
3. Wanchope played the majority of his career in:

a. Costa Rica
b. Spain
c. England
d. Argentina
4. Wanchope suffered injuries while playing for:

a. Malaga
b. West Ham United
c. Manchester City
d. Derby County
5. How many goals has Wanchope scored for the Costa Rican national team?__________
6. The first foreign team Wanchope played for was: ______________________
7. How many World Cups has Paulo Wanchope played in? _____________
Hanna Gabriel Valle is a Costa Rican world champion boxer. She is the current world
champion in the junior middleweight (70 kgs) category for the World Boxing
Organization. She was born in 1983 and was raised in an athletic family; her father was a
boxer and her brother is a professional soccer player. As a teenager, Hanna competed in
track and field, but injuries forced her to stop running.
After many years without competing in any sports, Hannas father recommended she start
boxing to stay healthy. She began competing in 2007 and won her first fight by knockout.
Her career record is 11-0-1 and she has won six of her fights by knockout. She first won a
world championship in 2009, but soon lost the title. After again winning the junior world
championship in 2010, she has successfully defended it twice.
1. Gabriel is the world champion for what category? ____________________
2. Who inspired Gabriel to begin boxing? __________________
3. What is the weight limit for Hanna Gabriels boxing category? _________________
4. Gabriel has won ______ fights by knockout

a. 7
b. 11
c. 1
d. 6
5. What is Hanna Gabriels brothers profession?

a. personal trainer
b. boxer
c. soccer coach
d. soccer player
6. When did Gabriel first become a world champion?

a. 2011
b. 2007
c. 2009
d. 2010
Bryan Ruiz Gonzlez is an internationally known soccer player from Costa Rica. He
currently plays for FC Twente and the Costa Rican national team. He has occasionally
been the captain of the Costa Rican national team. He plays as a forward but can also
play as a midfielder. In two years playing for Twente he has scored 33 goals. He has also
scored nine goals for his national team.
Ruiz was born in 1985 in San Jos. He began playing professionally for Alajuelense, a
team in Costa Ricas top professional league, when he was 18 years old. After playing
three seasons with Alajuelense, Ruiz moved to KAA Gent of the top league in Belgium.
He would play two seasons there, and would be the teams top scorer and captain during
one of those seasons. He then moved to his current team, Twente. During the 2009-10
season, Ruiz was the top scorer for Twente and helped them become the champions of
the top league in the Netherlands.
1. Bryan Ruiz is always the captain of the Costa Rican national team. True False
2. Which of the following teams has Ruiz not played for?

a. Alajuelense
b. KAA Gent
c. Twente
d. PSV Eindhoven
3. During which season did Ruiz lead Twente in scoring?

a. 2008-09
b. 2007-08
c. 2010-2011
d. 2009-10
4. How long did Ruiz play for KAA Gent? ____________________
5. What position does Ruiz play? ____________________

Rolando Fonseca is one of the most famous players in Costa Rican soccer history. His 47
goals for the Costa Rican national team are the most by any player in the countrys
history. He has played for the national team during most of two decades and finished his
international career in 2011 with 112 appearances.
Professionally, he has had a long and successful career both in his native Costa Rica and
abroad. At three different times, he has played for Comunicaciones of the Guatemalan
league. He played for both Saprissa and Alajuelense in Costa Rica, winning two
championships with Saprissa and four with Alajuelense. Fonseca will be remembered
both for his great goal scoring ability and his longevity, playing top-level soccer for more
than twenty years.
1. Fonseca only played professional soccer in Costa Rica. True False
2. Fonseca won more championships with Alajuelense than with Saprissa. True False
3. Rolando Fonseca played for Comunicaciones multiple times. True False
4. How many games did Fonseca play for his nations team?
a. 112
b. 47
c. 147
d. 201
5. Fonsecas career could be described as:

a. short and prolific
b. long and average
c. successful and brief
d. long and successful
!"##$%&'(&)*+&,%-&./#01&
!
&
& 2%#+*/1+0$%,3&#"4/"%1"& .,+"*0,3#&
.$+05,+0$%& ! !
"#$%%!&'()*+!(,!+-)./0-+!'/1/23/!-4(!+-$15+!(,!1$'.+6!-7/!,2'+-!+-$15!2+! $'-!$0.!#)+21!
(,!0()0+!'/%$-20&!-(!#)+21!$0.!$'-8!$0.!-7/!+/1(0.!+-$15!2+!(,!+2#*%/! 0()0!1$'.+!
./,202-2(0+!(,!-7(+/!4('.+9!:7/!+-)./0-+!4('5!-(&/-7/'8!%$;20&!()-!$%%! !
(,!-7/!1$'.+!$0.!-';20&!-(!#$-17!-7/!0()0+!42-7!-7/2'!./,202-2(0+9!:7/! $'-!$0.!#)+21!
-/$17/'!12'1)%$-/+!$0.!$++2+-+!$+!0/1/++$';9! ./,202-2(0!
! 1$'.+!
<7/0!-7/!&'()*+!7$3/!,202+7/.!#$-1720&!-7/!1$'.+8!*$++!()-!-7/! !
$0+4/'!*$&/!$0.!'/32/4!-7/!3(1$=)%$';!$+!$!1%$++9! $0+4/'!*$&/!
!
2%6$*7,+0$%& ! &
>?*%$20!-(!-7/!1%$++!-7$-!(0/!(,!-7/!#(+-!17$%%/0&20&!*$'-+!$=()-!-7/!
=$172%%/'$-(!/?$#!2+!-7/!$#()0-!(,!+;0(0;#+!2-!)+/+9!@$3/!-7/!1%$++!
-';!-(!1(#/!)*!42-7!$!./,202-2(0!(,!-7/!4('.!A+;0(0;#9B!
!
:/$17!-7/!,(%%(420&!4('.+!$0.!*7'$+/+!$0.!+(#/!1(##(0%;C)+/.!
+;0(0;#+9!!
!
$'()0.!D!$**'(?2#$-/%;!
$!1()*%/!D!$!*$2'!D!-4(!
$!,/4!D!-7'//!-(!,23/!
$2#/.!$-!D!#/$0-!,('!
$%%(4/.!D!*/'#2--/.!!
$!+/'2/+!D!+(#/!D!$!&'()*!(,!D!0)#/'()+!
1$''2/.!()-!20!D!7$**/0/.!20!D!-((5!*%$1/!20!!
1(#*/-/!$&$20+-!D!+-$0.!(,,!$&$20+-!
1)%#20$-2(0!D!,202+7!D!/0.!
.23/'+2-;!D!3$'2/-;!
/?1%)+23/%;!D!(0%;!D!E)+-!
/?72=2-!D!+7(41$+/!D!.2+*%$;!
,/4!D!0(-!#$0;!
&/-!D!(=-$20!D!420!D!/$'0!
50(40!$+!D!1(0+2./'/.!
%$-/'!D!+)=+/F)/0-%;!
%$)017!D!=/&20!D!+-$'-!D!20$)&)'$-/!D!(*/0!D!5215!(,,!D!./=)-!
#$5/!$!*(20-!(,!D!#$5/!$0!/,,('-!-(!
#$0$&/!D!')0!D!.2'/1-!
#$0$&/.!-(!D!4$+!$=%/!-(!D!+)11//./.!20!!
#$0;!D!%(-+!(,!D!$!42./!'$0&/!(,!D!+/3/'$%!D!3$'2()+!
0/$'!D!$'()0.!D!1%(+/!-(!!
0(4!D!1)''/0-%;!D!*'/+/0-%;!
(0!$0;!&23/0!.$;!D!$0;-2#/!D!47/0/3/'!
*'/1/.20&!D!=/,('/!
'/,%/1-!D!'/*'/+/0-!
'/+/#=%/!D!%((5!%25/!D!'/%$-/!-(!
-(!50(4!(,!D!-(!=/!,$#2%2$'!42-7!
-';!-(!D!$2#!-(!
3/';!D!'/$%%;!
32/4!D!%((5!$-!D!+//!
420!D!1(#/!()-!(0!-(*D!-$5/!,2'+-!*%$1/!
42-7()-!$!.()=-!D!)0.()=-/.%;!D!1%/$'%;!D!(=32()+!
!
!
!"##$%&'(&)*+&,%-&./#01&
!
!
"#$%#&!'(#!)*'*+#!'#,-#!&%'(!'(#!-'*.#,'-!*-%,/!-01#!$#+2-!
30110,45!*-#.!%,!'(#!6+'-!6,.!1*-%3!70+'%0,!0)!'(#!263(%44#+6'0!
#8619!!
!
2*5!:!&%44!2*5;!%-!/0%,/!'0!2*5!
3017#'#!:!&%44!3017#'#;!%-!/0%,/!'0!3017#'#!
#6+,!:!&%44!#6+,;!%-!/0%,/!'0!#6+,!
%17+0$#!:!&%44!%17+0$#;!%-!/0%,/!'0!%17+0$#!
%,'+0.*3#!:!&%44!%,'+0.*3#;!%-!/0%,/!'0!%,'+0.*3#!
16<#!:!&%44!16<#;!%-!/0%,/!'0!16<#!
0))#+!:!&%44!0))#+;!%-!/0%,/!'0!0))#+!
+#30+.!:!&%44!+#30+.;!%-!/0%,/!'0!+#30+.!
-#44!:!&%44!-#44;!%-!/0%,/!'0!-#44!
!
2*,1+01"& ! !
=+63'%3#!+#6.%,/!6,.!+#-70,.%,/!'0!'#8'-!6-!6!/+0*79!>#!-*+#!'0! !
7+63'%3#!400<%,/!6'!'(#!'%'4#!)0+!34*#-!6,.!%.#,'%)5%,/!-5,0,51-!
&%'(%,!'(#!70--%24#!6,-&#+-9!?4-0!7+63'%3#!*,.#+4%,%,/!%170+'6,'!
%,)0+16'%0,!@,61#-;!.6'#-;!7463#-;!5#6+-A!'0!16<#!%'!#6-%#+!'0!
+#1#12#+!6,.!633#--!46'#+9!
!
)33401,+0$%& ! !
B01#&0+<C!-'*.#,'-!-'*.5!'(#!16'#+%64!0,!'(#!(6,.0*'-;!,0'#-;!6,.! (6,.0*'!
+#6.!6,.!6,-&#+!D*#-'%0,-!620*'!E!'#8'-9& (01#&0+<!
! +#6.%,/-!
! !
! !
!
!"#$%&'()&'*+&,-%'."/'*0&
!
1234516& "!#$%&'(!)*'!+",$&! 5:AB7382& "(!"%/4&"(!)*'!
& -%"./&!01!*"(2! & +",$&!.465%$&!'%!
& ! & &/"/5$&!
5786582& "!#$%&'(!)*'!#%'342$&! & !
& .5(24(6!.'%!"!#%'7$-/! :877>2& "!+$/"8!5&$2!/'!.'%+!
& ! & 0%'(<$!
89:123& "!3$*4-8$!)4/*!)*$$8&! & !
& #588$2!01!"(!'9! & !
& ! :;82>8C217;>2& "!#$%&'(!)*'!
;16<=1<>& &'+$/*4(6!+"2$!01! & -'+#'&$&!+'3$&!.'%!
& *"(2:!('/!01!+"-*4($! & #$%.'%+"(-$&!
& ! & !
:21?3& "(!"-/434/1!4(3'834(6! 531C>& "!%"4&$2!.8''%!)*$%$!
& &,488!4(!+",4(6!/*4(6&! & "-/'%&!'%!&4(6$%&!
& 01!*"(2! & #$%.'%+!
& ! & !
3;>13>2& "!#8"-$!)*$%$!#8"1&!"(2! :8=785>2& "!#$%&'(!)*'!)%4/$&!
& -'(-$%/&!"%$!643$(! & +5&4-!
& ! & !
724@>& 643$(!"&!"!%$)"%2!/'! >65>=GB>& "!6%'5#!'.!+5&4-4"(&!
& /*$!)4(($%!'.!"!6"+$! & !
& ! & !
:AB3A21B& /*$!42$"&;!-5&/'+&;!"(2! C1BB>2E& "!%''+!.'%!/*$!
;>2431C>& /%"24/4'(&!'.!"!&'-4$/1! & 24&#8"1!'.!"%/!
& ! & !
A64DA>& 0$4(6!/*$!'(81!'($!'.!4/&! :8BB>:3486& "!6%'5#!'.!/*4(6&!'%!
& ,4(2! & #$'#8$!!
& ! & !
:853A=>& -8'/*$&!)'%(!/'! :B1E& %$2!4(!-'8'%:!5&$2!/'!
& 24&654&$!'($&$8.! & +",$!-$%"+4-&!
& ! & !
<457B1E& /'!&*')!&'+$/*4(6! 724=1&<8661& "!#$%&'(!)4/*!"(!
& )*$%$!4/!-"(!0$!&$$(! & $9"66$%"/$2!34$)!'.!
& ! & /*$4%!')(!/"8$(/!
F13>2:8B82& #"4(/!"##84$2!)4/*! & !
& )"/$%!%"/*$%!/*"(!'48! ;1BB& "(!"524/'%45+!5&$2!
& ! & .'%!#$%.'%+"(-$&!
71463>2& "(!"%/4&/! &
!"#$%&'$()*+,$ 234+&+#+.&*$
-.,%/)0%"1$
! "!#$%&'(!)*'!+",$&!-%"./&!01!*"(2!
! "!#$%&'(!)*'!-'+#'&$&!+'3$&!.'%!
#$%.'%+"(-$&!
! %$2!4(!-'5'%6!7&$2!/'!+",$!-$%"+4-&!
! "!8%'7#!'.!/*4(8&!'%!#$'#5$!!
! "!#$%&'(!)*'!)%4/$&!+7&4-!
! "!+$/"5!7&$2!/'!.'%+!0%'(9$!
! -5'/*$&!)'%(!/'!24&874&$!'($&$5.!
! "(!"-/434/1!4(3'534(8!&,455!4(!+",4(8!/*4(8&!
01!*"(2!
! /*$!42$"&:!-7&/'+&:!"(2!/%"24/4'(&!'.!"!
&'-4$/1!
! /'!&*')!&'+$/*4(8!)*$%$!4/!-"(!0$!&$$(!
! "!8%'7#!'.!+7&4-4"(&!
! "!%''+!.'%!/*$!24&#5"1!'.!"%/!
! "(!"724/'%47+!7&$2!.'%!#$%.'%+"(-$&!
! &'+$/*4(8!+"2$!01!*"(26!('/!01!+"-*4($!
! "!3$*4-5$!)4/*!)*$$5&!#755$2!01!"(!';!
! "(!"%/4&/!)*'!#"4(/&!#4-/7%$&!
! "!#$%&'(!)4/*!"(!$;"88$%"/$2!34$)!'.!/*$4%!
')(!/"5$(/!
! 843$(!"&!"!%$)"%2!/'!/*$!)4(($%!'.!"!8"+$!
! "(!"%/4&"(!)*'!+",$&!.487%$&!'%!&/"/7$&!
! "!#$%&'(!)*'!#%'342$&!.7(24(8!.'%!"!#%'<$-/!
! "!%"4&$2!.5''%!)*$%$!"-/'%&!'%!&4(8$%&!
#$%.'%+!
! "!#5"-$!)*$%$!#5"1&!"(2!-'(-$%/&!"%$!843$(!
! 0$4(8!/*$!'(51!'($!'.!4/&!,4(2!
! #"4(/!"##54$2!)4/*!)"/$%!%"/*$%!/*"(!'45!
!
!"#$%!&'%()$*+%
,-./%-.%01.234% $56-6573%
"!#$%&'(! !
"!)(*% !
"!+(,-(+!$)! !
"-.!/$! !
",$%01! !
2()$,(! !
2(3-0! !
#",,-(1!$%/!-0! !
#'(",'4! !
#%'.-0"/-$0! !
#%,,(0/'4! !
1-5(,+-/4! !
)(*! !
)-0-+6! !
3(/! !
70$*0!"+! !
."7(!"!&$-0/!$)! !
0(",! !
$0!"04!3-5(0!1"4! !
$0'4! !
,(+(.2'(! !
+%2+(8%(0/'4! !
%01$%2/(1'4!! !
5(,4! !
*-0! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !
! ! ! ! !
!
;/5&(+"3(<2&%0(;3=405%74&(
!"#$%&'( )*+"%&'( ),"-",.&(
+$+/.%"#( ( "#$%&'()$)%*!+,-#.!
0-$-/12$( ! /$0#-)'*!123'$,434#(5!
34$%#'512$( ! )$,(*!0(-2'$"23*!6#(''.!
465/+7+#+"5( ! +216'242+*!3272#$42+!
1+.-2&( ! +$%)$"$,-)'*!$164#'-)'*!84#359#()48)(5*!5$+'$)%2$+&(5!
1$+5( ! )4'!,2#/(5!
1-/0412$( ! 648(#"23!
'%#'892+$%5,( ! "$)(!
'-"-/+:$4( ! -51$#-03(!
%"54/"+5%-"+$( ! "#41!-#42)5!'&(!84#35!
"234( ! 8$'&42'!,34'&$)%*!)-:(5!
-$3( ! 34)%9+'-)5$)%*!&$+'4#$,-3!
%#(-'*!(7,(33()'*!84)5(#"23*!'#(1()542+*!(7'#-4#5$)-#.*!-1-;$)%*!
-25&5+"3%"#( !
$16#(++$/(!
*/-1-2"3( ! 5((6*!$164#'-)'!
/-2"3( ( ,$#,23-#!
5+$4"543( ! %$"'(5!
2"2&2+$( ( #-#(!
2&2+$( ( 4#5$)-#.*!)4#1-3!
7+/%43( ( 5$/(#+(*!8$5(9#-)%$)%!
7+&5( ( &2%(*!()4#142+!
!
!"#$%&'&(#$'#)*#$
$
"#$%!&$!&'%(!()!('*+!',)-(!(#$!.-(-/$0!&$!#'1$!(&)!)2(3)%45!
!
67 &3**!8!3%.3%3(31$!
97 ()!,$!8!:)3%:!()!8!3%.3%3(31$!
!
;<'=2*$45!!
2$/.)/=5!! >#$!2/3='!?)%%'!+,--$.#(%/(0!%$<(!=)%(#!3%!@'%!A)4B7!
! ! >#$!2/3='!?)%%'!,*$1/,)1$'/$.#(%/(0!%$<(!=)%(#!3%!@'%!A)4B7!
!
$<#3,3(5!! >#$!=-4$-=!+,--$#2",3,'!#$/!'/(&)/+!3%!A-*C7!
! ! >#$!=-4$-=!,*$1/,)1$'/!$<#3,3(!#$/!'/(&)/+!3%!A-*C7!
4#(3$ 5.6),*"$ 57)/)70$

,-C!! ! 2-/D#'4$!
$'/%! ! &3%!
4$**! ! 2-(!)%!4'*$!
/$D)/?! ! %)($!
D)=2$($! ! 4('%?!)..!':'3%4(!
D)%434(!).! ! E()!,$F!D)=2)4$?!).!
='%':$!()! ! 4-DD$$?!3%!!!
'**)&! ! 2$/=3(!
$<#3,3(! ! 4#)&D'4$0!?342*'C!
+%)&!).!! ! ,$!.'=3*3'/!&3(#!
13$&! ! 4$$0!*))+!'(!
)..$/! ! 4-::$4(!
='%':$! ! /-%0!?3/$D(!
3=2/)1$! ! ='+$!,$(($/!
3%(/)?-D$! ! 2/$4$%(!
='+$! ! D/$'($!
/$.*$D(! ! 4#)&!
!
!
61%'70143'"$8'%9.#1'1.+"%.8'%.143'
!"#$%#$&' (#$&#$&' -*3.*43' 5"$).'

+107%&*!"!0*!0*%(
"#$%&'()(&*!!"#!$%&!'( 8%#$,&%6*!$%'!&*!-+( 6#0'%&*!,!2&!$<0(
+,-.%'$*!'#)%*+( '(0'%&$*!"+0"2%$*+( 7#))%&9*!8!&%$<!( '/(&%(7&#5/%&*!
5%&8(&4*!"!0*!$4(
$%'/012,%*!$3'01'#( %;/1-1$*!%=1+'2"2.04( "+$%.8$!6+(
$%1$%'%0*!$(
(,$)10%*!,+$$!-+$( %=1+0%$( '/(&%(7&#5/9*!
(1)*!.&%+( 5%&8(&4#0'%*! 61+5)#9*!%=1+'2"2.04( "+$%+8$!6<!(
1$%'%0*!"2.0(
4,&#)*!/#$!&( %=1+0%$( +$#7%*!%'"%0!$2+(
#-+$&#'$*!!,'*$!"*+( /#))*!!#-2*+$2+( '())%'$1(0*!"+&%""2.0( !
+'%0%*!%'"%0!( (5%0107!017/$*! 718$!+/(5*!*2%0-!(-%(
1$2/%$!(0+"5%(
5#10$%&*!120*+$( $%"#%$-+'>$%8!&+'(
5#)%$$%*!1!&%*!( 5&14#!6(00#*(
"!0*!0*%(6!/+'!(
-)%06*!/%3"&!$(
+(5&#0(*!'+1$!0+( ()*+,%#$&'
!
#)$(*!"+0*$!&*+(
+',)5$(&*!%'"#&*+$!
$%0(&*!*%0+$(
')#9*!!$"2&&!!
-#++*(,!)+(
'%&#41'+*!"%$7/2"!(
+,&8#'%*!'#1%$62"2%(
-*3#)"+'
5()1+/*!1#&2$((
#$3%1*4.$%3' 5#$$%&0*!1!*$.0(
(&'/%+$&#*!+$:#%'*!( +/#5%*!6+$/!(
-#06*(,!0-!( +#06*!!$%0!(
$&,45%$*!*$+/1%*!( 81&%*!6#%8+(
'(45(+%&*!"+/1+'2*+$( +5/%&%*!%'6%$!(
6&,4*!*!/,+$( +',)5$,&%*!%'"#&*#$!(
5)#9*!*+"!$( +1:%*!*!/!9+(
5)#9%&*!*+"!-+$(
%0+%4-)%*!8$#1+(-%(
/;'2"+'(
+()(1+$*!'+&2'*!( -.%"+/012'
4,+1'1#0*!/;'2"+( '(55%&*!"+,$%(
! 1&(0*!52%$$+(
7()6*!+$+(
!
Read the text and choose the alternative that completes each sentence correctty.
MARGARITAB.ERTEI.EAU' , ' ",i

ONE OF CO STA RICA' S IVtrO,ST' F.f*IgE Am_ffXggg',l
:
Margarita Bertheatr was born in: I j
. t,:
San Jos6, Costa Rica in fgil'B and j
died in 1975. She stu'died artistic, j i
painting and:ballet in C-trba,,sp6 .is'1 ii
. ,...,1i
Colombia. Fler aonttib-uttlon to,the' ,1:!
ballet in
Costa 'Rica.: was , '.
:. ., i ,,.,'a!
important since; .in: adi1ition, to i
being a professor and a choreographer at the Ballet Academy, she d,es-igned, ,',i
of the.board of the School of, 'i

l:,i
Arts of the University of Costa Rica in 1942. Her teaching of the watercotor, : :j
technique and the force of her personality, manaEed to create a true school in
that dispipline. For the first time in Costa Rica she was allowed to, teaeh. with
nude models.'Her pictorialwoik is vast and varied. lt shows not only a,diversity'of '''l'!
subjects and techniques, but a wonderful use of color and gr-eat freedom in,,,the'
outline and claroscuro. She used the watercolor technique most, but her oil
paintings were also of great success. She made a series of rnurals',to-the,jresh t' ,i
air of very well obtained dimensions. She also painted abstract works, althoqgh , j }
this technique was not very popular in her time. I ' , ';;;'
"j.'
7) The artist Margarita Bertheau
A) had no success with oil paintinEs

B) contributed to Costa Rican arts
C) rnanaged only one technique
D) made just a couple of murals
4
8) Bertheau was the first artist who could
A) create a ballet academy in Colombia

B) study artistic Painting in 1913
C) have a limited'Pictorialwork
D) use nude models
9) Margarita Bertheau used in her paintings.
A) a varietY of subjects
B) only the human figure
C) just the watercolor technique
D) numerous mountain landscaPes
10) Margarita Bertheau was artist(s)'in Costa Rica who painted abstract
. works at her time.
A) the last
C) one of the few.

D) one of the manY
She held an honorable Position
A) in the Colombian Ballet AcademY

B) at the Universrty of Costa Rica
C) at the School of Arts in Cuba
D) in the School of DisciPline
5
Read the text. Choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.
4
tF*
6) One of Sarchils greatesttourist attractions is its
A) unusual tour buses

B) multicolored churcfr
C) handmade factories
D) delighttul light btue square
.;'
7l The of the chureh are
:. relatd to those of &e orcar'ts.
A) size and,shape
B) indoor decor:ations
C) olors ad designs
D) numerous fumishirgs
8) Many touris$'mm6 to $archi
A) to buy handmade fumiture

B) to sell handmade crafts
C) in delighttul blue colors
D) on a traditional oxcart
9) The have turned into Sarchi's most significant art crafl
A) church fumiture factories

B) small square villages
C) olors of the church
D) handmade oxcarts
ri
ART GALLERY IN COSTA RICA

:
; To find a small, quaint art,galtery in Costa Rica, one

must be willing to search. 'Especiafly now that rainy
'
r days seem like they are here to stay, leaving the
i
cornforts of home to go in search of good art can be a
{i comforts
A
u challenge. But imagine the possibility of viewing and
\l
! purctrasing high-quality contemporary art and design
online gatlery, Sylvia Rodriguez, director of The Fine Arts Cellar, has bridged a gap
between CentralAmerican artists and art enthusiasts around the world.
The Fine Arts Cellar has two different f,acets: the physical gallery in the eastern San
Jos6 suburb of San Pedro and the on-line gallery,at ww-w.lneaftcellar.com
The small gallery spice is like a hidden treasure. During a visit last month, large
paintings by Costa Rican artist Marianela Salgado filled the space with an exhibit
entitled "Unnumbered Series". The paintings were largg, textured, colorful and full of
hidden images and symbols, Her art is unique !n the sense that the more you look at
encounter.
it, the more subtleties you tF
Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option to complete each sentence.
(ltems from 6 to 10)
6) A web site an online virtual gallery to feature various artists.
A) offers
B) needs
C) closes
D) prepares
lN21-09 3
,!
7) ln Costa Rica it is to buy pieces of art through the lnternet.
B) :possible ,
;;::. C) ''impnobable::' ' \,
,,.,-1 ,D), 'a disad,teritage :
'l
'i... : .,, l;
ii:,:' : r I F.
l: r
8) Sylvia Rodriguez :: j
the Fine Arts Cellar'
A) owns
, B),' manages ;i: .,i ,:; .
' i
: : G),- 6ssitned ', ., t ., ' '
'o) exhibited in .
: : i : :'
: '-' : l - ' l: '
''
9) . , Marianeta Salgado's works of ariare
j
. .1',,,A) . Purcllased.fast ,
B) lacking texture
, C) full of symbols
' ' D) without color
'
10) The Fine Arts Cellar in San Pedro.
A) will rent a gallery

B) bought paintings
C) searches places
D) has its location
lN21-O9 4
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Homework Readings
Art and Music
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Read the article and choose the alternative that best answers
each question.
TICO TRUMPETER IN INTERNATIONAL GOMPETITION
A Costa Rica, trurnpeter is one of five semi-

finalists invited to compete in Ellsworth Smith
lnternational Solo Trumpet Competition in
Birmingham, Alabama. Luis Miguel Araya, from
Alajuela, stands to win a first-place prize of
$10,000 or a second-place prize of $5,500 in an
event With notable trumpeters from around the
world.
Araya is one of Costa Rica's most distinguished
{,',
players of classical and Latin music for the
trumpet. He has played in ensembte and solo
before audiences in Venezuela, sweden, Japan, puerto Rico
and the United
states. He started his musical training at the conservat"ri"
c"r;;, ;;;;
the University of Costa Rica, then earned a Master of Music from
Loyola
University in New Orleans. Presently, he is Second Trumpet w1h
the Costa
Rican National Symphonic Orchestra and teaches at the National
lnstitute of
Music.
Luis Miguet Araya was invited to compete after submitting an
unedited
recording of his music for evaluation, and will stand oft
four other
musicians, two from the United States, one from Canada "grinrt
and the fourth from {J,
Hungary. This event is held every four years and is sponsored
by the
lnternational rrumpet Guird and the columbus Foundation
of ohio.
n Where will the trumpet competition be?
A) ln Alajuela
B) ln Alabama
C) ln Costa Rica
D) Around the world
il
:x
H
,*
4
$
's
tg
rlH
#
8) Where has Araya played the trumpet? ln
A) JaPan and Canada
' B) Venezuela and Paris

C) Hungary and Sweden
D) Puerto Rico and JaPan
9) What will the Prizes consist of?
A)
':
Classical and Latin music
B) AtriP around the world
C) Large sums of moneY
D) Notable trumpets
10) when do the organizers develop this intemational competition?
A) Every four Years

B) After receiving a Prizeof $5,000
C) Before audiences play in Venezueta
I
D) Before submitting unedited recordings
plays
11) What does Luis Miguel Araya do in the present? He
A) with the Columbus Foundation

B) the fourth trumPet in Hungary
C) with a sYmPhonic orchestra
D) in New Orleans
5
PRE.COLUMBIAN GOLD COLLECTION
Museum offers tourist inforrnation, gruided tours for groupS, and, a gift lop: Here,
visitorsrcan find a variety of works by Costa Rican artisand: books, publications- and
replicas of the: gold pieces with profound symbolic content and expressions of the
mythological thought of indigenous groups. Representations of varied fauna and
, humans with animal attributes demonstrate thei 'blending' of real and mythological
worlds. According to indigenous belief, what"was interestind waq n-oi the anirnaf itself
but its essential qualities. Costa Rican gold$miths primari!;{ depicted birds, toads, and
frogs in their designs, both as individual figures and as forming paf of human figures'
Without a doubt, the ornaments that accompanied warriors and .priests in special
activities, such as wars, were a fundamental part of their personalities, representing
guidance, protection and defense for their communities.
Based on the te.xt above, choose the appropriate optiorl to complete each'sentence-
6) ln the museum, there is an exhibit of three different collections.
A) cerdmics, urban design, and indigenous figures

B) mythology,"goldsmiths, and human figur.es
C) ornaments, warriors, and protection
D) gold, ceramics, and fine arts
tN11-09N 3 .t
7) , lf one of the gold pieces in the exhibit catches your interbst, you can
,'
A) look for a duplicate in,the gift shop
B) show the figure of animal attributes
: C-) repr:oducb an object in the gift shop
'D) demonStrate their mythological world
ii"l
8) lndigenousipeopleblended to join:mythology and the

--.-.: world,
real -.--'- I .
\
l
A) joads and frogs

Qirds;
- B) fauna'ahd mylhology
C) animals and',humans
D) lndians and humans
9) The exhibitio4 of this collection is sponsored by
A) indigenous groups
B) Plaza de la Cultura
C) Pre-Columbian artisans
D) the Central Bank of Costa Rica
'.
10) Besides the exhibitions,'the museum has other sections like
A) a gift shop
B) an additional bank
Cj a room for priests and personalities
D) the war protection and defense community
rN11-09N.
Read the text. Choose the correct option to answer each question (7, 8, 9, 10 and.11).
NATIONAL SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA

VISITING JAPAN
The National Symphony Orchestra has had a great experience in Japan for a week.
This Symphony Orchestra gave four concerts that featured works of Costa Rican
composers such as Benjamin Guti6rrez and Eddie Mora. Preceding the shows in
that country, the National Symphony Orchestra offered a couple of concerts to
inaugurate a Music Hall in France. Accompanying the orchestra were the renowned
pianist Jacques Sagot and soprano lvette Rojas.
ConcertS culminated in a performance at Kobe lnternational House, on September
12, after a series of presentations in several Japanese cities including: Kanazawa,
Fukui, and Aichi. The visit was sponsored by the Ministry of Culture, Youth and
Sports, several Costa Rican companies, as wetl as by the Japanese government.
7) How many performances did the National Symphony Orchestra offer in the
inauguration of the Music Hall in France?
A) Just two
B) Almost four
C) Around twelve
D) More than three
l'I
.1:
,.::: :!-
+).:l
tN11-08 3 t::;t,.4
:.}
,*i#
8) why did the National symphony orchestra go to Franee?
To participate in the launch of
A) Eddie Mora's work

B) drawing exhibitions
C) a musical auditorium
D) a nationat muiicat festival
9) What do Benjamin Guti6nez and Eddie Mora do? They
A) are music writers

B) are piano performers
.f C)
D)
accompany the group
rnanage the orchestra
10) According to the writer, where did the National Symphony Orchestra perform the
last concert? ln the
A) Music Hall
B) Japanese park
C) Kanazawa companies
D) lnternational House in Kobe
,. C 11) Based on the reading, how was the National Symphony Orchestra's experience?
A) Outstanding
B) Not very nice
C) A litfle fantastic
D) Not really great
tN11-08
4
Read the text. Choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.
THE NATIONAL THEATER
The world-renowned prima Donna, Adelina I
appeared with a traveling opera company

Guatemala, but could not perform in Costa Rica
because there was no appropriate theater. ln
response, newly rich coffee'merchants financed
the construction of a theater with a tax on every
bag of coffee exported from the country. Belgian architects
were called in to design and supervise the building, and the metal structure
was ordered from Belgian mills. Painters and decorators were brought from ltaly, along
with that country's famous marble. The National Theater was inaugurated in 1894 with
$unod's Faust and an"opening-night cast that included singers from the Paris Opera.
A source of cultural pride, the theater was made into a national monument in 1965.
Extensive restoration work has recently renewed its beautiful ceiling paintings and
sumptuous d6cor.
Costa Rica's National Youth Symphony Orchestra was inaugurated in 1972 by ex-
President Figuere's famous quote: "We need to concern ourselves not only with the
standard of living but the quality of life as wetl. Why have tractors without violins?"
Many of the young musicians trained in the Youth Symphony have graduated to
participate in the National Symphony, which pe.rformed in the National Theater.
lnternationally famous guest directors and soloists were often featured.
7) The National Theater was built because
A) architects from Belgium donated it'

B) President Figueres said it was important
C) a famous singer had nowhere to perform
D) Costa Ricans wanted to see a Paris Opera
\
tN11-0712 3
8) According to the *ritert could perform atthe National ::
Theater
A) Everyone
B) Only well known artists
i:
C)
.!::,.
Newly rieF,rcof_@$r.orruers
D) Just paint+r*:aRddbebetors
1,,:j
9) :erchiGct$,,ftora, 5 $upervised the-building of the National Theater.
A) ltaly
B) France
C) Belgium
D) Costa Rica
10) ' Materials used to build'the.National Theater were brought from
- A) ltaly and France

B) Belgium and ltaly
C) France and Belgium
D) ltaly, Belgiurn, and France
11) According to the text, paid for the building of the National
Theater.
A) tax on coffee
B) Belgian architects
C) presider{t Figueres'
D) the National Symphony
tN11-0712 4
!"##$%&'(&)$#*+&,-.+%&/$$0&
! & 1%#*23.*-$%+4&#"53"%."& 6+*"2-+4#&
"#$%!&'()!*#+$,-./!01!1002/!$'*.2!$0!$%.!+%'3450'-26!-.7#.8!$%.! !
('&./!01!'33!01!$%.&!8#$%!$%.!/$,2.($/9!:-.'4!$%.!/$,2.($/!#($0!;! 1002!*#+$,-./!
$.'&/!'(2!*,$!$%.&!#($0!$80!-.3')</$)3.!3#(./9! !
! $'*.!
=#7.!$%.!1#-/$!*.-/0(!#(!.'+%!3#(.!'!13)!/8'$$.-9!"%.(!)0,!/')!0(.!01! !
6$*-7+*-$%&
$%.!1002/!0(!$%.!50'-26!$%.!$80!*.0*3.!8#$%!13)!/8'$$.-/!>0(.!1-0&! ;!13)!/8'$$.-/!
.'+%!$.'&?!/%0,32!-,(!$0!$%.!50'-2!'(2!$-)!$0!/8'$!$%.!+0--./*0(2#(@! !
*#+$,-.!5.10-.!$%.#-!0**0(.($!20./9!A(+.!$%.)!%'7.!+0&*3.$.2!$%.#-!
$,-(6!/$,2.($/!@0!$0!$%.!.(2!01!$%.#-!-./*.+$#7.!3#(./6!*'//#(@!$%.!13)!
/8'$$.-/!011!$0!$%.!(.B$!*.0*3.!#(!3#(.9!C..*!$-'+4!01!$.'&!*0#($/9!
D.@-0,*!$%.!/$,2.($/!'(2!*'//!0,$!$%.!#(10-&'$#0(!*'+4.$/9!=0!07.-!
$%.!E*'(#/%!$-'(/3'$#0(/!01!'33!01!$%.!10029!
!
F'#-!/$,2.($/!,*!'(2!%'7.!$%.&!80-4!$0@.$%.-!0(!&'$+%#(@!1002<
-.3'$.2!(0,(/!#(!G(@3#/%!8#$%!$%.#-!E*'(#/%!$-'(/3'$#0(/9!=0!07.-!$%.!
'(/8.-/!'/!'!+3'//9!!
!
F'//!'!+'-2!8#$%!'(!'2H.+$#7.!1-0&!I.//0(!;!8-#$$.(!0(!#$9!G'+%!
'2H.+$#7.!/%0,32!%'7.!'!/)(0()&!&'$+%J!.7.-)!'2H.+$#7.!/%0,32!%'7.!
.B'+$3)!0(.!/)(0()&!8-#$$.(!0(!'(0$%.-!+'-29!K(/$-,+$!/$,2.($/!$0!
1#(2!$%.!*.-/0(!%032#(@!$%.#-!/)(0()&9!A(+.!$%.)!%'7.!10,(2!$%.#-!
*'-$(.-/6!/$,2.($/!/%0,32!1#(2!'!*3'+.!$0!/$'(2!$0@.$%.-!'@'#(/$!$%.! #(10-&'$#0(!
8'339! *'+4.$/!
! !
1%8$29+*-$%&
A(+.!'33!01!$%.!/$,2.($/!'-.!3#(.2!,*!8#$%!$%.#-!*'-$(.-/6!@0!208(!$%.! '2H.+$#7.!+'-2/!
3#(.!'(2!%'7.!$%.&!-.'2!$%.#-!/)(0()&/!'30,29!L/4!$%.!+3'//!#1!$%.)! !
'@-..!8#$%!$%.!&'$+%./!0-!(0$9!K1!(0$6!/$,2.($/!/%0,32!$-)!$0!1#(2!$%.#-! !
+0--.+$!*'-$(.-9!
!
"#$%!$%./.!(.8!*'-$(.-/6!/$,2.($/!/%0,32!/#$!'(2!80-4!$0@.$%.-!
-.'2#(@!$%.!/.($.(+./!+0($'#(#(@!1002<-.3'$.2!'2H.+$#7./9!M%.)!/%0,32!
$-)!$0!+0&.!,*!8#$%!'!E*'(#/%!$-'(/3'$#0(!$0!8-#$.!(.B$!$0!$%.!
/.($.(+.9!
!
M.33!$%.!*'#-/!01!/$,2.($/!$0!+0&5#(.!8#$%!'(0$%.-!*'#-!$0!10-&!@-0,*/!
01!N9!M%.!@-0,*/!/%0,32!+0&*'-.!$%.#-!'(/8.-/!0(!$%.!'2H.+$#7./!
/%..$9!O0&.!5'+4!$0@.$%.-!'/!'!+3'//!$0!@0!07.-!$%.!$-'(/3'$#0(/!'(2!
'(/8.-!'()!P,./$#0(/!$%.!/$,2.($/!%'7.9!
M,-(!$0!$%.!$.B$/!'(2!-.'2!$%.!1#-/$!0(.!'30,2!10-!$%.!/$,2.($/9!!
!
M./$<$'4#(@!/$-'$.@#./J!!
Q? /.'-+%#(@!10-!&.'(#(@!#(!$%.!$#$3.!
;? *-.<-.'2#(@!$%.!P,./$#0(/!
R? *-0+.//!01!.3#&#('$#0(!!
:2+.*-."& =,#2.!$%.!/$,2.($/!$%-0,@%!$%.!'(/8.-/!'1$.-!$%.!1#-/$!-.'2#(@9!! 1002!$.B$/!
!
D.'2!$%.!/.+0(2!$.B$!'30,2!'(2!$%.(!%'7.!$%.!/$,2.($/!80-4!#(!*'#-/!
$0!'(/8.-!$%.!P,./$#0(/9!D.7#.8!$%.!'(/8.-/!'/!'!+3'//9!
!
S0-!$%.!$%#-2!$.B$6!%'7.!/$,2.($/!80-4!#(!*'#-/!$0!-.'2!'(2!'(/8.-!
P,./$#0(/!$0@.$%.-9!D.7#.8!$%.!'(/8.-/!'/!'!+3'//9!
T0&.80-4J!/$,2.($/!/$,2)!$%.!&'$.-#'3!0(!$%.!%'(20,$/6!(0$./6!'(2!
;<<4-.+*-$%& 1002!$.B$/!
-.'2!'(2!'(/8.-!P,./$#0(/!'50,$!R<N!$.B$/9!
!
!
!"#$%&'$()*+,-& ./0/,"12/-& 3$*#,-&
"#$$%&! "%%$! +33/%!
'(%%)%! "&1''1/-! +3&-'1$!
*+&,+&-.%! '+""+,%! +21'+71!
*-/0! '+&&1$! "+.+.+!
)1#&!'&%+*! '+))+2+! '1'1.#$!
'1&.! /%*1.!
'#'#*"%&! /-*%!
,+&/-'! 1&+.,%!
1/-2%! 3+/*!8&#-$! !
1.-1.! 3%+&!
! !$#56-:&
3%+! 3-.%+33/%!!
3%33%&! 3/+.$+-.! 1/;/$"0/-&
45"+6-& "%%&!
31$+$1! $1*+$1!
9&%.'(!8&-%)! '188%%!
)4#+)(!
(1$!71,! 7#-+/22"5/(*-& ;#-'%!
5+$%&'&%))!
$#&.12%&! ,/$<-&
6#''(-.-!
"+0-.,!3157%&!
!#-=/-&
4'#+/-:& "+0-.,!)17+!
7/",8&'(*2,$%& '(%%)%"#&,%&
+(5)#</5,-& 8+$!
"5)&'$(,/#5-& (+*"#&,%&!
'(1'1/+$%! )(1&$%.-.,!
"%+.)! )+/+7!
'-..+*1.! )$#88-.,<8-//-.,!
"%%8! )1#3!
'(-'0%.! ,-.,%&! >*,-& )$%5!
%,,)! (1.%:! +/*1.7!
8-)(! ;%//:! '+)(%5! 9#+/&"5)&0$"#5-&
(+*! *1/+))%)! "&%+7!
.#$*%,! !/--/$,-& '%&%+/!
31&0!
1-/! '+0%! 71#,(!
)+#)+,%!
)+/$! -'%!'&%+*! 8/1#&!
)%+8117!
)+#'%! 3-%!
)$%+0!
$1.,#%! )#,+&!
7/"2,#</-&
$&-3%! $(:*%!
"&%+08+)$!
$#.+! 2+.-//+!
7-..%&<)#33%&! !
$#&0%:! 2-.%,+&!
/#.'(!
!"#"$"%% &'()'%
"#$%&'%! (%")! *$+,"-"%% +"./$%
"*+%,&--&! (%")+.(%! 012-"-"$'% &("+'%
"(-/&+! (.0+/,%! 0340","%% 52*6'%
"11%+.2%,! (-,&.&3! ,*&'4+*,7"% ("+"%
"$4! &%.34#-,! -1*+"% % &,*01'%
#"5.&3!1"&! &--&! ,"7.% % 0'!1-"%
#%6%,"3%! &/+,.+.-&! )"(',% % +",*"%
#-7)! -6%&! ,*0*+"% % 0*$1."4%
#/83%+! 1"&! &'4+,*% % 02081(('%
#/$.&%$$! 1"$+,9! +*$*-',%% '(("%
'"&! 1%"5:!+-1;!! &',01/$%% +"."%
4.34!1-.&+! (19,"% % &"4'%
'.+.2%&! 1)"+%! 4",+:$% % "!16'%
'--5.%!$4%%+! 1)"++%,! (("!"% % &2(6"-"%
',/(#! 1-,+.-&! 4"(2-% % *4&*01"4%
'/.$.&%! 1-+! 4"9',% % 8';"%
'/1!<'=! 1-/&8!<)#=! 0208","%% 0'!1-"%
8%$$%,+! 1-78%,! $'08*% % 0"$+1-"-%
8.%+! 1,.'%! 5"!1(1",%% 0"(',%
8.$4! ,%'.1%! !*.0("% % &("+'%
%6%&.&3! ,%)"+.6%! !16"% % 9"$-*;"%
*.,%! ,--+! "24*$01"% )*01$'%
*)"(%! $%"$-&.&3!! !*-1'-7"% +",-*%
*)"6-,! $.8%!8.$4! $*6'01'4% 9*91-"%
*-,5! $5.))%+! 0208","-"% ;",,"%
*,.%&8! $5.&!<-*!"!*,/.+=! ,*5,16*,1'% !'(-*%
3,"+%,! $&"'5! 0208","-1+"% 8',$'%
4%")+4! $1--&! ,"<"-',%% $2+,101/$%
4%"+! $+%1! 02!9,*%% &("0*,%
.&'4! +"#)%$1--&!<+#$1=! 0'01$"%+7&10"%
>",! +"$5! ! &("+'%&,1$01&"(%
5&.*%! +%"$1--&!<+$1=! 8',"%-*%0'!*,%%
)%"*! +,%"+! !'(-*%&","%8',$*",%
(".&!'-/,$%! 6")/%! 9"$-*;"%&","%8',$*",%
(",5%+! ! &("$%51$"$01*,'%
&("+'%-*%"0'!&"#"!1*$+'%
!
!"#$%&'($)*+,-,+./ *$,&$,%$/ *01,'23/
91&',:/1&/41.'7+;-<,$"/!"#$!/'2/-4&$,/.-5$/!""#$%!&'(/
144-5"167$)%3$10)/
&31,/$1&',:/1&/715:$5/5$2&1=51,&2>/1,"/&3$/4--"/'2/#=2&/ /
',$80$,2'($/
12/:--"?/
@3$/$::2/.=2&/6$/&(!)(*/6$4-5$/1""',:/&3$./&-/&3$/
6$1&$,)<3'00$"/ /
.'8&=5$?/
671,")',20'")/
%&$'"()!/31($/1/($5+/7'&&7$/471(-5A/&3$+/15$/B='&$/&'!*%?/ /
&12&$7$22/
6-'7$")2'..$5$"/ @3$/017./45='&/'2/17<1+2/&#+'(%/6$4-5$/$1&',:?/ /
D3$,/+-=/15$/6$1&',:/&3$/$::2>/6$/%15$4=7/,-&/&-/"5-0/
65-C$,)"$2&5-+$"/ /
1,+/&$#,(*/$::23$772/',/&3$/6-<7E/
*+,$#+--"/'2/.1"$/-4/1/(15'$&+/-4/%--C$">/-.#//(%/
%3-00$")%=&/ /
($:$&167$2?/
%-,($,'$,&)/ @3$/5$2&1=51,&/312/&35$$/-#*0(*+(*)/7-%1&'-,2/',/*1,/
/
-00-5&=,$/ F-2G?/
H-2&/-4/&3$/',:5$"'$,&2/',/($.$-)!/15$/05$;-##,(%/
%--C$"),-&/51</ /
6$4-5$/&3$+/15$/071%$"/',/&3$/071,&1',/7$14?/
%5$1.+),-&/%5=,%3+/ H'8/&3$/',:5$"'$,&2/=,&'7/&3$+/15$/-$(!12?// /
I71,&1',/%3'02/15$/1/-$3*-.2>/217&+/1,"/"$7'%'-=2/
%5=,%3+)%5'20/ /
2,1%C?/
@3$/"$7'%'-=2/"$22$5&/312/1/4'77',:/.1"$/-4/-$34.(%/
%5=23$")05$22$"/ /
0',$1007$?/
"15C)<'&3-=&/7':3&/ I17./45='&2/51,:$/',/%-7-5/45-./+$77-</&-/%!$,/-51,:$?// /
@3$/071,&/312/%((//5--&2/&31&/05-('"$/'&/<'&3/,=&5'$,&2/
"$$0)05-4-=,"/ /
1,"/<1&$5?/
/@-/20'%$/=0/&3$/%3'%C$,>/+-=/%1,/1""/2-.$/%$+(%/
"5'$")"$3+"51&$"/ /
&3+.$>/-5$:1,-/-5/5-2$.15+?/
*-.$/!"#$!/-0$,/(!$'2/',/&3$/.-5,',:/1,"/%7-2$/71&$/
$157+),-&/71&$/ /
',/&3$/14&$5,--,?/
/$--"01+2("/'2/1/&51"'&'-,17/65$1C412&/"'23/&31&/'2/($5+/
$12+)2'.07$/ /
(!42/&-/.1C$?/
$.0&+)=,4'77$"/ D$/=2$"/177/-4/&3$/.'7CA/&3$/%15&-,/'2/(1/)2?// /
91&',:/1&/1/7-%17/!"#$0'2/:$,$5177+/1/7$22/(5/(*4+0(/
$80$,2'($)%-2&7+/ /
-0&'-,/&31,/1/715:$/5$2&1=51,&?/
D3$,/2$7$%&',:/1,/1(-%1"->/'&J2/6$2&/&-/%3--2$/-,$/&31&/
4'5.)315"/ /
'2/2-.$<31&/"+$1?/
K15'66$1,/4--"/'2/05$015$"/<'&3/.1,+/20'%$2>/2-/'&/'2/
451:51,&)2.$77+/ /
($5+/"$!6$!*)/<3$,/%--C',:?/
K-2&1/L'%1,2/=2$/.1,+/"$(4./',:5$"'$,&2/<3$,/&3$+/
45$23),$</ /
%--C?/
/$--"01+2("/'2/:$,$5177+/2$5($"/<'&3/1/27'%$/-4/%3$$2$/-5/
45'$")21=&G$"/ /
1/"$+(%/$::?/
D$/31($,J&/=2$"/1,+/3$-!$04+5$2"/+$&A/&3$/6-&&7$/'2/2&'77/
4=77)<3-7$/ /
"3''?//
!/&+0'%17/2171"/=2=177+/%-,2'2&2/-4/2171">/&-.1&->/
:51&$")235$""$"/ /
%=%=.6$5>/1,"/6$!)(%/%155-&?//
I-=5/&3$/.'8&=5$/',&-/1/<$77;6$(!4(%/01,/1,"/61C$/1&/
:5$12$")-'7$"/ /
MNO/"$:5$$2/P135$,3$'&?/
:5-=,")0=7($5'Q$"/ *-.$/1+,$#+--"!/172-/%-,&1',/6$#3*%/6$$4?/ /
@3$/5$2&1=51,&/2$5($2/1/"$7'%'-=2/%3'%C$,/"'23/<'&3/1/
3$1(+)&3'%C)<$':3&+/ /
.(!02/%5$1./21=%$?/
!""#$%&$'#()&-)+),&+#)+./)%&0&#+12&)3#&*-)43)+2*+(3)
!"#$%&'()*+',) )
3&'%&/)!"#5)
*#+#"&,)+'&)"7#&.)8""9&/)4.)+)!$%&):"#)"%&')+)*""/)
!60&$&."',"63) )
3#"%&5)
<'/&'4.0)+)'#,#%-)7"')26.8!)43)0&.&'+22()+.)
4.&;:&.34%&$8!&+:) )
'(&)*&(+',&)":#4".5)
=2#!"60!)#!&):'"8&33)"7):'&:+'4.0)#+,+2&3)43)-&(%#!.-)
2&.0#!($2".0) )
4#)43)*"'#!)#!&)*"'95)
>.)?:+4.-)1'&+97+3#)43)+)-'%!#),&+2)#!+#)636+22()8".343#3)
240!#$."#)!&+%() )
"7)8"77&&)+./)1'&+/5)
@!&)"*.&')"7)#!&)'&3#+6'+.#)*422)249&2()&.0+0&)("6)4.)+)
24%&2($&.&'0&#48) )
-',&-.)8".%&'3+#4".5)
,+4.$:'4.84:+2) A6.8!)43)#!&)/0'(),&+2)"7)#!&)/+()4.)B"3#+)C48+5) )
>7)("6)249&)("6').#""-$/0)1-)#")!+%&),"'&)72+%"'-)("6)
,4.8&/$/48&/) )
8+.)+//)/'(1&2)0+'248)+./)842+.#'"5)
2-%#,)+'&)"*&(),"3#)/+(3)"7)#!&)*&&9)+./)3&'%&)
":&.$."#)82"3&/) )
#(:48+2)B"3#+)C48+.)/43!&35)
34#5-1&,)+'&):&+'D3!+:&/)+./)'+.0&)7'",)*0-&)#")/+'9)
:+2&$8"2"'2&33) )
0'&&.)4.)8"2"'5)
>7)("6)"%&'8""9)8!489&.-)4#3)72+%"')1&8",&3)*""3)+./)
:""'$,&+0&') )
4#3)#&;#6'&)0&#3)#"60!5)
C48&)+./)8!489&.)43)+)'&2+#4%&2()4$'15)+./)&+3(),&+2)#")
E6489$7+3#) )
:'&:+'&5)
F+2,)7'64#3)+'&).&%&')&+#&.)306G)#!&()+'&)+2*+(3)
'+*$6.8""9&/) )
8""9&/5)
@!&)7'4&/):2+.#+4.3)+'&)3&02.)#")&+#)*!&.)#!&()+'&)
'&+/($:'&:+'&) )
8""9&/)".)1"#!)34/&35)
@")#+3#&)3&0--)#'+/4#4".+2)B"3#+)C48+.)7""/)("6)3!"62/)
'&+2$+6#!&.#48) )
&+#)+#)+),-%#5)
'&7'&3!4.0$) B"3#+)C48+.)7'64#3)8+.)1&),+/&)4.#")/&2484"63)+./)
)
&.&'04H4.0) 3&73&+!'(%)I648&35)
J'4&/)3'*&):2+.#+4.3)"7#&.)+88",:+.()+)#'+/4#4".+2)
'4:&$,+#6'&) )
B"3#+)C48+.)1'&+97+3#5)
3&&/&/$3&&/2&33) =//)#!&)+&&2&2)'&/):&::&')#")#!&):"#5) )
3,""#!$72+#) 6-'-1&,)!+%&)+/""#!)394.)#!+#)8+.)1&)&+#&.5) )
3"7#$#&./&') K!&.)8""94.0):+3#+-)1"42)4#)6.#42)4#)43)+"7#5) )
3:48($!40!2()3:48&/) B+'411&+.)3+68&3)+'&)"7#&.)+*'1.5)) )
3:4.($3:49() @!&)394.)"7)+)+#+7)$'40)-)43)(&22"*)"')'&/)+./)+*'(.5) )
L00."0)43)+)+6&&#)/'4.9)#!+#)8".#+4.3)&003-),429)+./)
3*&&#$360+'() )
'6,5)
#+3#($/&2484"63) K!&.)8""9&/):'":&'2(-)B"3#+)C48+.)7""/)43)%&'()#0+#.M) )
8#+-)&,)+'&)#'(.)7'64#3)*4#!)+)#"60!)394.)+./)+)3"6')
#4.($3,+22) )
72+%"'5)
#"60!$!+'/) N")."#)"%&'8""9)#!&)1&&7)"')4#)*422)1&8",&)#"$%!5) )
O+.()B"3#+)C48+.)7'64#3)+'&)$(5("6()4.)"#!&')
6.9."*.$6.7+,424+') )
8"6.#'4&35)
%&0&#+'4+.$,&+#2&33) 3(&+#$%&$#5-1&)43)+)/&2484"63),&%&#03'0()3"6:)":#4".5)) )
*&#$."#)/'() K+#&')43)6&#5) )
)
Read the a(icle and choose the alternative that best answers each question.
I{E CARIBBEAN CU
The caribbean cuisine is very well recognized, in Lim6n

and all over
the country due to the mastery in the preparation of delicious
dishes.
Making use of rich condiments and ingredients characteristic
of the
African legacy, they are combined with the flavors
of different regions
that, like their people, obtain an exquisite mix. The
traditions have L""n
transmitted from one generation to another one,
and stiil the youngest
generations know and maintain the traditional
and authentic flavor of
their meals.
To travel to Lim6n and not taste its delights is like

not going at all. ln
order to try the true Lim6n taste you must have ,lrond6n,,, ,,rice
a and
beans", "pati", and the "agua de sapo", a refreshment
prepared with
lemon juice, molasses (a dark brown syrup produced
during the refining
of sugar), ginger roots and something erse...
famiry secret, ."rn* ,r,
we don't have to recommend a restaurant to try the
Lim6n derights, at
any small "soda" (cafeteria) you can have a great
fish with caribbean
sauces, patties and sweet homemade desserts.
The locals in every
town are the best gastronomic guides and they
can recommend the
best places and foods to order.
6
\
HowhasthemixofdifferentlegaciescontributedtoCaribbeancuisine?
It has Provided
A) many condiments and flavors

B) a very limited legacY
c) a few ingredients
D) no traditions
13) What culture shavecontributedtotheCaribbeancuisine?

A) OnlY the African
B) OnlY the new generation
C) Those from Africa and other regions

D)Cultureswithoutauthenticflavorsintheirmeals
14)WhatcharacteristicsdefinetheCaribbeancuisine?
A) Poor preparation with lack of traditions

B) Non-authentic flavors and few condiments
C) Diverse ingredients and proper preparation
D) The absence of African and regional legacy
15) which traditional recipe has a "secret ingredient"?
A) Rice and beans

B) Agua de saPo
C) Rond6n
D) Patti
7
Every culture has used the flesh and milk of the coconut
in its own way. "Not shy" is one 'way to describe the
coconut milk presence in many Caribbean stews and
dishes. For example, the famous "rondon" or "rundown",
, a traditional Afro-Caribbean dish from the Caribbean
province of Limon, is usually made for a large group. "Rondon" is a seafood stew
featuring local tubers such as "yucca'r (cassava or manioc) and "camote" (a type bf
Caribbean sweet potato). The stew is gently simmered and'exquisitely spiced with
I e'
.-$'-
"cinnamon, allspice, ginger, coffee and hot chilies. The Caribbean version of curry,
i(n
"rond6n" is a must when visiting Puerto Viejo and Cahuita.
Another exarn;ie of the coconut's use is rice and beans, Limon's delicious "gallo
pinto", made with, refreshing coconut milk, diffrent spices and,peppers, regularly
accompanying baked chicken with coconut glqvi: ln other parts of Costa Rica, the
coconut is r*- ed . r sweets and desserts. Look for classic "cocadas" or delicious
"tartaras" which are baked in pastry of coconut and molasses.
' Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to answer each question.
11) What ingredient do l'rondon" and rice and beans have in common?
A) Cassava
B) Coconut
C) Sweet potato
D) Baked chicken
tN21-09 5
A) Two
' B) Five
',',E)'J,fq1gg ': ': I
,13) ''Should people use flavsr':t'd nrake, rice:4rd beans?

:
; ,,
' I A). " Yes', they'shou'ld use flavors.
''
D) No, people do not need any flavors at all.
,14) ,What is !rpnd6n'made of? lt is prepared with
I A), ,,fiCe,and fleSh fish ,,,. '" , ,
C) refilled hot peppers

D) chicken full of curry
15) Which one of the dishes has Afiican roots?
A) "Tdrtaras"
B) "Cocadas" . .
C) "Rundoffi"
D) "Gallo pinto" : ''
rN21-oE 6 ':
below, choose the appropriate
3,n:1:* l?:"t?f oprion to comprete each staterns;.11.
-t 11) "Chayotes" are

The Pear-Shaped Fruit I
they are futty mJtureC
I
I
ln the southern I
I A) sweet
B)
I
. United States, smooth

"chayotes" are
C) fteshy and spiny
known as mirliton
D) crunchy and pale
or christophene.
12) ln the United States, christophenes
1-hey appear in a
usually substitute
number of recipes complernenting
and
substituting squash iri Creoie A) squash
and Cajun
cooking. B) potatoes
The pear-shapecl fi.uit is pale

C) cassavas
or dark D) sweet potatoes
green, and pecple eat it as young
and
tender 4O-tlay_ol,j baby fruits (which
are ' 13) A tender ,,cha1rote,,
crunchy, slveet ancl fast lo cook)
or as
larger, fuily rnature, gO_day_old, A) cooks rapidly
fist_sized
fruit, mCIre v.va,tery,,, usually thorny B) is more watery
tough skin, vueighirrg up to

and with C) has hard dark skin
500 grams D) weighs up to 500 grarns
each CIr ffore. -i-hir ,,chayote,,
root is a
tuber delicacy thal can replace 14) A characteristic
root of the ,,chayote,,
.---J - is that
vegetables *clrclr as potatoes, it
cassavas or
sWeel potatuei.
A) has a sour flavor
T-he "cha_vi:te's,. so_called
B)
bland flavor replaces root vegeta b les
allovr-s it to receive C)
a certain amount of changes flavor without seasoninq
a ggressivc
sea-soning iviihout losing D) keeps its own quality even if spiced
any
of its character. -l-his, along
with its unique
shape aniJ versaiility, 15) The price of a mirliton is considered
adds style and
e\otic flavor to dishes very
from all over the
r1rr:rld. lts relatively
low cost is an added A) inexpensive
bQnu-*. B) unaffordable
Adapted from the lnternet

C) inconvenient
D) unreasonable
rN3 -l -o9T
Empanadas
Throughout Costa Rica, small restaurants and stands can be found selling
empanadas. These small stuffed pastries, (like a turnover) which are baked or fried, are
an incredibly popular dish in Costa Rica. In general, the most popular empanadas in
Costa Rica are made with corn dough and filled with cheese, or cheese with seasoned
meats. Somewhat unique to Costa Rica are empanadas filled with cubed potatoes or with
rice and beans. Sweet empanadas are made with wheat flour and in Costa Rica are
normally filled with pineapple, guava, or squash jelly or dulce de leche (a caramel like
sauce).
Empanadas trace their roots from the Spanish word empanar, which means to
coat in bread. They trace their roots to Northeastern Spain and Portugal during medieval
times. These original empanadas were usually filled with seafood and vegetables. It is
thought that they were inspired by samosas brought by the Arabs, when they ruled the
Iberian Peninsula. Brought to Latin America by Spanish colonists, they are now a
mainstay throughout Costa Rica.
1. Sweet empanadas are often filled with ____________________________________
2. Empanadas come from ______________

a. France and Italy
b. Portugal and Spain
c. Mexico
d. Spain and Italy
3. Empanadas are a type of ___________

a. cake
b. pastry
c. pasta
d. cookie
4. In Costa Rica, empanadas are filled with meat and cheese. True False
5. It is believed that samosas were brought by the Persians to Spain. True False
6. The only way to prepare empanadas is to bake them. True False

Popular throughout the coastal regions throughout the Americas, ceviche is a
seafood dish made with raw fish. Ceviche is made by marinating raw fish in citrus juices
(like lemon or lime). Chili peppers, onion, salt, and pepper are put into the citrus juice to
add flavor. Ceviche is almost always prepared fresh, and traditionally it took about three
hours to marinate completely, but now there are faster ways to prepare it. Various types
of fish or other seafood are used depending on the region, and different regions eat
ceviche with different side dishes as well.
It is thought that ceviche was first made in Peru in the 16th century, as the local
foods and foods brought over by the Spanish colonists were combined. Because Peru was
one of the major centers of the Spanish American colonies, the dish spread quickly
throughout the region. Ceviche only recently gained popularity in the United States, even
though it had been eaten for centuries throughout the rest of the Americas.
1. Ceviche is served the same way throughout Latin America. True False
2. It is thought that ceviche was first made in Spain. True False
3. Ceviche has been popular in the United States for a long time. True False
4. The fish used in ceviche is usually cooked first. True False
5. Ceviche is popular in what type of regions?
a. mountainous
b. rural
c. hilly
d. coastal
6. Ceviche used to take how long to make?
a. 2 hours
b. 4 hours
c. 3 hours
d. 30 minutes
7. What fruit is used to make ceviche?
a. apple
b. pineapple
c. lime
d. grape
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Homework Readings
Costa Rican Food
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Read the text and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
14) La Casa de Dofia Lela is a

DO YOU WANT TO ENJOY
EATING OUTSIDE?
A) vegetarian restaurant
"La Casa de Doffa Lela" offers You B) sea food restaurant
the most varied typical food in its four C) typical restaurant
locatipns around San Jos6. Main
courses are served on wooden D) fruit market
platters covered with banana leaves.
Troops of waiters serve portions of
food of all shapes and sizes to large
family gatherings, most consisting of
three generations. High chairs are 15) Banana leaves are used to
provided for the tots, and a sPecial
kiddies' menu is available and served
with a variety of trimmings. However, A) serve alcohol
there is no seafood on the menu. All B) cover plafters
main courses come with rice, refried C) serye seafood
beans, tortillas, fried sweet plantain,
picadillo (diced potatoes or D) provide the tots
vegetables, or a mixture of both). The
restaurant is not licensed to serve
alcohol (beers, wine, rums, etc.), but
offers a selection of non-alcoholic
beverages such as: horchata, fresh 16) The menu of this restaurant
fruit drinks, agua dulce, etc.
A) includes seafood
B) includes vegetables
C) doesn't include drinks
D) doesn't include food for kids
17) At Dofia Lela's restaurant, it is not

allowed to sell
A) alcohol
B) picadillos
C) agua dulce
D) refried beans
7
Read the text. Choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence (19
and 20).
COMPARING EATING HABIT$
The main difference between Chinese and

western eating habit is that unlike the
West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed
on the table and everybody shares. lf you are being treated by a Chinese host be
prepared for a wide variety of dishes. Chinese are very proud of their culture of
,cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. Sometimes the Chinese
host uses their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate; this is a sign of
politeness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat it and say how yummy it is.
lf you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leave
the food there. Don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. lnstead, lay
them on your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody dies, the shrine to
them contains a bowl of sand or rice with two sticks of incense stuck upright in it.
So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it looks like this shrine and is
equivalent to wishing death upon a person at the table!
19) Chinese people
A) are very proud of their, gastronomic culture

g) Oistite to have a variety of food on the table
C) have problems showing the use of their utensils
like to put the chopsticks upright in the rice bowls
1)
20) According to the writer, a sign of Chinese hosts' politeness is when they
A") ask guests to sit down

serve guests their beverages
B) keep an enjoyable conversation with their guests
0 put food in the guest'bowl with their own chopstick
s)
lN?1-nR
!"##$%&'(&)$$*&+",-."#&
!
& /%#012,0-$%34&#"52"%,"& 630"1-34#&

6$0-730-$%& "#$%!%&'(!)*+,%-*!&!'&.,!/#*(!&-!0.,#-&1!-+23%.!0-!#*4!5&$%! !
*(%2!6+*!*(%2)%1$%)!#-!0.,%.!&''0.,#-7!*0!*(%!0.,#-&1!-+23%.! !
*(%89.%!(01,#-74!!"0!0$%.!*(%!0.,%.!&-,!'0..%'*!&-8!2#)*&:%)4! !
;.#*%!*(%!0.,%.!0-!*(%!30&.,!&-,!7#$%!*(%!)*+,%-*)!*#2%!*0! !
'068!#*!,0/-!#<!*(%8!-%%,!*04!! 0.,#-&1!-+23%.!
! '&.,)!
=-<0.2!*(%!)*+,%-*)!*(&*!*(%8!&.%!1#:%18!*0!%-'0+-*%.!)02%!
.%'#6%)!0-!*(%!3&'(#11%.&*0!%>&2!&-,!*(&*!*(%8!/#11!-%%,!*0!
#,%-*#<8!*(%!0.,%.!0<!*(%!)*%6)!+)#-7!0.,#-&1!-+23%.)4!
!
/%8$1930-$%& ?+.-!*0!*(%!<00,@!&-,!6.%6&.&*#0-@!.%1&*%,!$%.3)!6&7%4!A&'(! !
)*+,%-*9)!6&7%!)(0+1,!&1.%&,8!3%!#-,#$#,+&118!6.%6&.%,!38!*(%! !
*%&'(%.!*0!'0-*&#-!B!0<!*(%!2#))#-7!*.&-)1&*#0-)4!C?(%)%!/#11!3%! !
(&-,@/.#**%-!&-,!%&'(!)*+,%-*!)(0+1,!(&$%!,#<<%.%-*!0-%)! !
<#11%,!#-!<0.!*(%2!)0!*(&*!*(%8!'&-!%>'(&-7%!#-<0.2&*#0-4D!! !
! !
?%11!*(%!)*+,%-*)!*(&*!*(%8!-%%,!*0!<#7+.%!0+*!&11!0<!*(%! !
*.&-)1&*#0-)!38!&):#-7!0*(%.!)*+,%-*)4!E<*%.!.%'%#$#-7!&-)/%.)! !
<.02!)02%0-%F!*(%!)*+,%-*)!2+)*!.%'#6.0'&*%!38!)(&.#-7!*(%#.! !
B!&-)/%.)4!G+*!&!*#2%!1#2#*!0-!*(#)!&-,H0.!.%/&.,!*(%!<#.)*! #-<0.2&*#0-!
6%061%!*0!<#-#)(4!! 6&':%*)!C/#*(!
! )02%!$%.3)!<#11%,!
?+.-!*0!*(%!I(%16<+1!/0.,)!80+!)(0+1,!:-0/J!6&7%!&-,!.%&,! #-!0-!%&'(!
*(%!)%-*%-'%)!&10+,!<0.!*(%!)*+,%-*)4!K#)'+))!*(%!2%&-#-7)!0<! )*+,%-*9)!6&7%D!
*(%!301,%,!/0.,)4! !
! !
K#)'+))!*.&-)#*#0-!/0.,)!&-,!1#-:#-7!/0.,)!&-,!.%#-<0.'%!*(%!
'0-'%6*!38!/.#*#-7!)%-*%-'%)!0-!*(%!30&.,!*(&*!+*#1#L%!1#-:#-7!
/0.,)4!K%)'.#3%!*(%!7.&22&.!)%'*#0-!0<!*(%!3&'(#11%.&*0!%>&2!
&-,!(0/!*(%8!/#11!-%%,!*0!3%!&31%!*0!#,%-*#<8!*(%!1#-:#-7!/0.,!
#-!*(%!)%-*%-'%4!
!
:13,0-,"& "#$%!*(%!)*+,%-*)!MN@MB!2#-+*%)!*0!#-,#$#,+&118!.%&,!*(%!O! !
.%'#6%!*%>*)!&-,!&-)/%.!*(%!P+%)*#0-)!*0!*(%!3%)*!0<!*(%#.! !
&3#1#*84!! !
! !
Q0/!6+*!*(%!)*+,%-*)!#-*0!)2&11!7.0+6)!&-,!7#$%!%&'(!7.0+6!&! !
/(#*%30&.,F!2&.:%.!&-,!%.&)%.4!A>61&#-!*(&*!*(%8!/#11!'026%*%! !
&7&#-)*!*(%!0*(%.!7.0+6)!<0.!*(%!20)*!'0..%'*!&-)/%.)4!?(%! .%'#6%)!*%>*)!
*%&'(%.!/#11!.%&,!*(%!P+%)*#0-)!&10+,!&-,!'(%':!<0.!
+-,%.)*&-,#-7F!*(%-!7#$%!*(%!*%&2)!ON!)%'0-,)!*0!'02%!*0!&!
'0-)%-)+)!&30+*!*(%!'0..%'*!&-)/%.4!?(%8!)(0+1,!/.#*%!*(%!
1%**%.!0<!&-)/%.!0-!*(%!/(#*%30&.,4!?%&2)!)(0+1,!:%%6!*(%#.!
&-)/%.)!)%'.%*!+-*#1!*(%!*%&'(%.!'&11)!IMF!RF!OSJ!&-,!&11!30&.,)!
)(0+1,!3%!.&#)%,!&*!0-'%4!?(%!*%&'(%.!&--0+-'%)!*(%!'0..%'*!
&-)/%.F!%>61&#-)!*(%!.%&)0-#-7!#<!*(%.%!#)!,#)&7.%%2%-*F!*(%-!
7#$%)!60#-*)!*0!*(%!*%&2)!*(&*!)%1%'*%,!*(&*!&-)/%.4!T%6%&*!<0.!
&11!0<!*(%!P+%)*#0-)4!!
!
"#$%!&!6.#L%!*0!*(%!/#--#-7!*%&2C)D4!!
;..4-,30-$%& 502%/0.:U!)*+,%-*)!)*+,8!*(%!2&*%.#&1!0-!*(%!(&-,0+*)F! !
-0*%)F!&-,!.%&,!&-,!&-)/%.!P+%)*#0-)!&30+*!O!.%'#6%)4! .%'#6%)!*%>*)!
!
!
!"#$!%&'%()*+(%' ! .(%+#%' !
!)!%' ! .*%2(!%' !
!"%("!%' ! 53"!%'32',!,(/' !
!,%*+(-.!%' ! #),*%$!2$('
!%%("/!%' ! /!+!%' !
!0!%' ! /#),#!%' !
1!$#%' ! )!2$(2(%' !
1*$!%' ! )(;-/!%' !
-!/(2$!%' ! *6%(-(%' !
-!30!%' ! ,(4#%&'*%4(2!%' !
-*-#2!%' ! ,(/!%' !
-*)(%' ! ,*2(%&'-*/*-!%&' !
-*),!%$#%' ! )($(%'
-*),/()(2$!%' ! ,%("32$!%' !
-*2$(2(%' ! ,%(,!%!%! !
-*%$!%' ! ,%*1!%&'0!1*%(!%' !
-31%#%' ! <3#$!%' !
4(5!%' ! %*-#!%&' !
4(%%($#%'' ! (0,*/+*%(!%'
4#06%3$!%' ! 0!/#%' !
43%!%' ! 0(%+#%' !
(-.!%&'0(%+#%' ! 03!+#;!%' !
71(1#4!08' 030$#$3#%' !
(26%#!%' ! $#%!%&'/!2;!%' !
(2+*/+(%' ! $%!1!5!%' !
(0,(%!%' ! 32$!%' !
(0$!%'(2-!%"!4*'4('' ! +(24(%'' !
(9,/#-!%' ! +*/$(!%' !
6%(:%' ! !
! !"#$%&#%'&(')*+&,-&.-/0,+%&&
"#$%! 3%)! -**3! :*'$! -*623+6%,)!

&%'(%! 6+15-*6"+,%! )*&&5).'*:! :'#2!! 2%%3!
)*!"%!+,!-.#'/%!*0! .%#)! -*(%'! /%)!'+4!*0! #''#,/%!
%123#+,! :#&.! '*#&)! -3%#,! :#+)!
&%33! *00%'! '%6*(%! )*!0+/7'%!3#'/%39! -#7&%!
&2'%#4! 6%3)! )#&)%! #&$! )#$%!#4(#,)#/%!*0!
"*+35&+66%'! &7"&)+)7)%! 3*(%! #44! %#)!
-*,)#+,! -7)!! )7',!*(%'! &*0)%,! *'4%'!
3%#(%! &#7);50'9! 6#+,)#+,5$%%2! &)+'! -**$!
2*7'! *00%'! 2'%2#'%! &2'+,$3%! 3#&)!
%,8*9! 27)523#-%! &.#'%! "%#)!
!
!"#$%&#'()*+,'-)&',.)&#+'/0)('
! !
1)2"!"#$%&'(!)**+,!)-*.!"/0!1'-%220'3!%3&(4+0!!"#$%#5!&'()!'3+!-%&0!'3+!20'3,6!
345.!%37-0+%03"!'++,!'!43%840!)('9*-!"*!"/0!+%,/6!
:/0-0!'-0!)6"*!)%)"#!;%3+,!*)!)-4%"!%3!1*,"'!<%&'6!!
=3&0!#*4!"-#!"/0!*"$'+*,)'.*4,!&/%&;03!+%,/5!#*4>((!?'3"!"*!*-+0-!%"!47480!'3+!47480@!
A';0!"/0!+*47/!'"!BCD!+07-00,!E'/-03/0%"!)*-!49'#"4,9!BD!"*!BC!.%34"0,6!
:#$%&'(!1*,"'!<%&'3!)**+,!'-0!2),9#-!)-%0+!%3!*%(6!
:'#)9')%!1*,"'!<%&'3!)-4%",!'-0!%.$*,,%2(0!"*!)%3+!%3!"/0!F3%"0+!G"'"0,6!
H"!%,!+%))%&4("!"*!&/**,0!42)07!"/0!.'3#!+0(%&%*4,!+%,/0,!"/0!-0,"'4-'3"!*))0-,6!
I%J!'((!*)!"/0!%37-0+%03",!9)7"9."*!%3!'!('-70!2*?(6!
K$$0"%L0-,!'-0!,.'((!'.*43",!*)!)**+!0'"03!;"%)*"!+%330-6!
K!+0,,0-"!%,!'!,?00"!"-0'"!0'"03!4%9"*!'!.0'(6!
:'.'(0,!'-0!*)"03!$-0$'-0+!+&*807!"/0!1/-%,".',!/*(%+'#6!
G"%-!"/0!%37-0+%03",!&098#!"/0#!'-0!&-0'.#6!
<05"!"/0!$('3"'%3,!'-0!)%3%,/0+!&**;%375!(0"!"/0.!&**(!*3!'!$('"06!
M'&/!$%30'$$(0!7-*?,!*3!89,')(0!$('3"6!
I'3#!$0*$(0!(%;0!"*!03N*#!,*.0!)-0,/!)-4%"!N4%&0!(.8#"!"/0#!0'"!(43&/6!
:/0!,.'((!-0,"'4-'3"!%,!,%"4'"0+!;"9(""0!"/0!2'3;!'3+!"/0!/*,$%"'(6!
:/0!)0,"%9'(!-43,!)-*.!=&"*20-!BO!9.*)&7.!P*90.20-!Q6!
=*40,898)0'()*+,' >80/807'()*+,'
)4-"/0-.*-0R!'$-./*,,
24"R!&-!",
/*?090-R!&-!"0',&-*'!,$-,
3090-"/0(0,,R!*1#,-.2'!3", *-R!",
"/0-0)*-0R!'*)0'*),45-,
'3+R!9,
%3!&*3&(4,%S3R!-#,6"#675*1%#,
20,%+0,R!,'7,.1*.",(1-.&"0'$-./*, ,*R,'*),45-,
%3!)'&"R!$-,8-68",
20&'4,0R!&"!45-,
%3!'!,%.%('-!?'#R,$-,7',.1*.',.'#-!',
,%.%('-(#R!135'7.-#(-, ,4&/!',R!6".",!
!
Read the recipe. Choose the appropriate option that completes each staternent. (rtems from 16
to 19)
16) To make the recrpe you need

the amount of
Rice and Beans: rice than the amount of beans.
Caribbean Gallo Pinto
A) half
To make this recipe, you need:
B) triple
1 lb rice C) double
lz lb beans (red or black eye) D) one tiiird
1 garlic cloVe and a dash of thyme
1 large cocbnut or 1 bag of shredded
coconut
17) To cook the beerns, __
the pot.
Preparation: A) add rice tr:
Blend the coconut flesh (not the B) add coconut rnilk to
coconut milk) with two cups of warm C) mix ali of thr: iisteci ingredients ir
water. D) porir the water anci coconut
initturu,r itr
Cook the beans with the previous
mixture, one garlic clove and a dash of
thyme, in a large pot. lf necessary, add 1B) For tastier "F?.ic{: eer:,J P'eans," you
water. Cook until beans are tender ' should coclk tlie rrce
(one hour approximately). When beans A) in the oven
are done, add rice, mix, and cook until B) for an hour
rice is done. lt is better if rice is cooked C) with chicken
in the oven because the dish gets more D) in a large pct
delicious.
Note: Traditionally, red beans are used 1e) The dish is ready to enjoY when
to serve this dish with chicken and
black beans to serve it with fish.
A) ycu edd spices;
Taken from "Costa Rican TvpicalFoods" B) the rice is cocii*.j
C) the beans 4..* i*::ncie:r
D) you put it in the oven
rN31-097
, Read the information. Choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.
ROMPOPE: A TRADITIONAL
HOLIDAY TREAT
l-lere's an easy recipe for rompope (eggnog), a
traditional holiday beverage in Costa Rica. a

The recipe produces five liters and takes thirty
Ltl
minutes to prepare
e#
*F
lngredients:
15) You need to
make rompope.
3 cans evaporated milk (400 g)
A) honey
2 cans sweetened condensed milk (397 g) B) six eggs
5 cups water
C) sugarcane
D) two types of milk
7 eggs
lzlsp. nutmeg
16) To make eggnog you need more
rum than
*:"?::: I,T
Directions: Beat the evaporated milk, A) water
B) nutmeg
condensed milk, water and eggs for 5
C) condensed milk
minutes. Heat on low heat for 20 minutes, D) evaporated milk
stirring constantly, without letting the
mixture boil. Add nutmeg and remove from 17) Nutmeg is added
heat. Cool, and then add rum. Refrigerate A) after refrigerating

B) during beating time
until served.
C) when the mixture boils
By Sonia Cordero, Tico Times D) before removing from heat
lN11-0712 6
l
option that compretes each statement accordir
Read the recipe and choose.the appropriate
to it. lttems from 16 and 17)
How to Make Brownies
. To make this reciPe, You need
Yz teas:Poon baking Porrude r

-chocolate
lz cuf Powder
1 YzteasPoons'vanilla
"/n cuP margarine
% teasPoon salt
1 /r. cuPs sugar Preparation
% cuP flour Mi*'*"tg"rine, sugar, vanilla and.eggs'
3 eggs AJo nori, chocolaie, baking powder, and
salt.
Mix again to combine all-tt1e ingredients'
Put mixture into a baking Pah'
Bake in hot oven for over 40-45 minutes'
They are great with coffee or chocolate!
:16) ln the fourth step of the preparation' you have to
A) pour the mixture into a recipient

B) Place'the mixture in an oven
C) bake the mixture into a Pan
D) mix onlY liquid ingredients
'17\ ln the fifth steP' You

A) mix chocolate again
ts) bake the mixture
C) add the eggs
D) add salt
tttt t-Ogft
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Homework Readings
Food Recipes
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Apple Pie Recipe
Preparation Time: 20 minutes
Cook Time: 50 minutes
Ready In: 1 hour 10 minutes
Serves: 8
Ingredients
1/2 cup sugar

1/2 cup packed brown sugar
3 tablespoons all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1/4 teaspoon ground ginger
1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg
7 cups thinly sliced peeled apples
1 tablespoon lemon juice
1 pastry for double-crust pie (9 inches)
1 tablespoon butter
1 egg white
1 tablespoon additional sugar
Directions
In a small bowl, combine sugar, flour and spices; set aside. In a large bowl, toss apples
with lemon juice. Add sugar/spice mixture; toss well to coat the apples. Line a 9-inch pie
pan with half the pastry. Place apple filling into crust; dot with butter. Roll out remaining
pastry to fit top of pie. Cut a few slits in pastry on top. Beat egg white until foamy; brush
over pastry. Sprinkle sugar on top. Bake at 375 degrees Fahrenheit for 35 minutes.
Increase temperature to 400 degrees Fahrenheit and bake 10-15 minutes more or until
crust is golden.
1. The recipe does not need which of the following spices:

a. nutmeg
b. ginger
c. garlic
d. cinnamon
2. The time needed to cook this apple pie is:

a. 20 minutes
b. 50 minutes
c. 1 hour 10 minutes
d. 35 minutes
3. To make the pie, the apples should be tossed with:

a. egg white
b. pastry
c. lemon juice
d. butter
4. How much all purpose flour is required:

a. two tablespoons
b. one cup
c. two teaspoons
d. three tablespoons
5. To begin, the pie should be baked at what temperature:

a. 50 degrees Fahrenheit
b. 375 degrees Fahrenheit
c. 400 degrees Fahrenheit
d. 400 degrees Celsius
6. This pie is made for how many people? ________________
7. The apples used in this pie should be: _____________________________

Potato Salad Recipe
Preparation time: 15 minutes
Cook time: 15 minutes
Serves: 6-8 people
Ingredients:
2 pounds red-skinned potatoes, scrubbed and cut into ! inch cubes
3 hard-boiled eggs, peeled and chopped
! cup diced celery
1 medium diced cucumber
" cup finely chopped red onion
#-1 cup mayonnaise
2-3 tablespoons dill relish or pickle relish
1 tablespoon spicy brown mustard
salt and pepper, to taste
Preparation:
Cook potatoes in boiling water (with 1 teaspoon of salt) for about 10 to 15 minutes, or
until they are soft and tender. Drain the water and let the potatoes cool completely. Then,
combine potatoes, eggs, celery, cucumber, and onion in a large bowl. Stir in # cup mayonnaise,
relish, and mustard. Add more mayonnaise, as needed, to taste. Add salt and pepper, to taste.
1. What ingredient needs to be cooked?

a. potato
b. celery
c. onion
d. cucumber
2. The onion should be:
a. diced
b. peeled
c. finely chopped
d. scrubbed
3. How much mustard is needed?

a. 1 teaspoon
b. 1 tablespoon
c. 2-3 tablespoons
d. " cup
4. Which two ingredients need to be prepared the same way?
a. mayonnaise & cucumber
b. cucumber & onion
c. celery & cucumber
d. eggs & mustard
5. What type of potatoes should be used for this salad? ____________________
6. This recipe is for how many people? _______________
7. How can the cook tell if the potatoes are ready? ___________________________
Chocolate Chip Cookies
Chocolate chip cookies are a popular American dessert, and probably the most popular
type of cookie in the United States. They were discovered by accident in a hotel kitchen
in the northeast U.S. during the 1930s, and spread in popularity during World War II. The
original recipe was first published in 1936.
Chocolate Chip Cookie Recipe

Cook Time: 10 minutes
Ready In: 30 minutes
Makes: 45-50 cookies
Ingredients
1 cup butter, softened
1 cup white sugar
1 cup packed brown sugar
2 eggs
2 teaspoons vanilla extract
3 cups all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon baking soda
2 teaspoons hot water
! teaspoon salt
2 cups semi-sweet chocolate chips
1 cup chopped walnuts
Directions
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Then mix together the butter, white
sugar, and brown sugar until smooth. Beat in the eggs one at a time, then stir in the
vanilla. Dissolve baking soda in hot water. Add to the batter along with salt. Stir in flour,
chocolate chips, and nuts. Drop large spoonfuls onto an ungreased pan. Bake for about 10
minutes in the preheated oven, or until the edges are nicely browned.
1. When was the first chocolate chip cookie recipe published? ____________
2. How many eggs are required for the recipe? ___________
3. What must be done with the vanilla?
a. stir
b. beat
c. dissolve
d. mix
4. What should the pan used to bake the cookies be like?

a. preheated
b. ungreased
c. greased
d. waxed
5. How can the cook tell when the cookies are ready?
a. after they rise
b. when the edges are browned
c. when the chocolate has melted
d. after dissolving
6. How much time must the cook spend preparing the cookies?
a. 10 minutes
b. 20 minutes
c. 30 minutes
d. 45-50 minutes
Guacamole Recipe
Ready In: 10 minutes
Serves: 4-6 people
Ingredients
3 avocados - peeled, pitted, and mashed
1 lime, juiced
1 teaspoon salt
! cup diced onion
3 tablespoons chopped fresh cilantro
2 tomatoes, diced
1 teaspoon minced garlic
1 pinch ground cayenne pepper (optional)
Directions
In a medium bowl, mash together the avocados, lime juice, and salt. Mix in the onion,
cilantro, tomatoes, and garlic. Stir in cayenne pepper. Refrigerate 1 hour for best flavor,
or serve immediately.
1. How should the guacamole be served?

a. frozen
b. cool
c. boiled
d. diced
2. The onions and tomatoes should be mixed in with which other ingredients?
a. avocados and cayenne pepper
b. cayenne pepper
c. lime juice
d. cilantro and garlic
3. What needs to be done to the avocados before they can be used for guacamole?
a. washed and pitted
b. diced and minced
c. juiced and mashed
d. peeled and pitted
4. The cilantro needs to be aged before using it for guacamole. True False
5. The onions and tomatoes are prepared the same way. True False
6. Guacamole can be eaten refrigerated or at room temperature. True False
7. The skin is left on the avocados in order to make guacamole. True False
!"##$%&'(&)*+,"&-*%%".#&
!
&
& /%#0.1203$%*,&#"41"%2"& -*0".3*,#&
"#$!%&'!#%()'*%#!%+!,+-.!/01-#2!314'!'05&!/01-!0!#61/!+,!/0/'-!71%&!0*! !
1./+61%'!'0%1*8!9'&041+-!7-1%%'*!1*!:/0*1#&2!;<=0./6'#>!/+*'-!6+#! !
5+)+#!'*!60!.'#0?!'-(5%0-?!9'9'-!-(1)+#0.'*%'?!%1-0-!5+.1)0?!'%52@! !
! !
"66!+,!%&'#'!#0.'!1./+61%'!9'&041+-#!#&+(6)!9'!7-1%%'*!+*!%&'!9+0-)! !
1*!<*861#&!1*!*+!/0-%15(60-!+-)'-2! !
! /0/'-#!71%&!
314'!%&'!/01-#!+,!#%()'*%#!0!.1*(%'!+-!%7+!%+!/60*!+(%!0!#&+-%!ABCD! 1./+61%'!9'&041+-#!
#'5+*)!#$1%!%+!)'.+*#%-0%'!%&'1-!1./+61%'!9'&041+-2!E&'*!%&'!8-+(/#! 7-1%%'*!1*!:/0*1#&!
-$035*03$%&
0-'!-'0)F?!&04'!%&'.!5+.'!%+!%&'!,-+*%!+,!%&'!560##!0*)!#1%!0%!0!/-'%'*)!
G)1**'-!%096'H!0*)!05%!1%!+(%2!I&'!-'#%!+,!%&'!#%()'*%#!#&+(6)!8('##!
7&15&!+,!%&'!<*861#&!)'#5-1/%1+*#!+*!%&'!9+0-)!.0%5&'#!7&0%!%&'F!J(#%!
#072!
!
<=/601*!%+!%&'!#%()'*%#!%&0%!%&'!,1-#%!6'##+*!7166!9'!+*!'0%1*8!&091%#!
0*)!9'&041+-#!0%!%&'!%096'!0*)!%&0%!#+.'!+,!%&'!%&1*8#!%&'F!J(#%!05%')!
+(%!7166!.+#%!61$'6F!0//'0-!+*!%&'!905&166'-0%+!'=0.2!!
!
K0##!+(%!%&'!1*,+-.0%1+*!/05$'%#!%+!%&'!#%()'*%#2!I(-*!%+!%&'!,1-#%!
/08'!+,!'0%1*8!&091%#!0*)!9'&041+-#B-'60%')!*+(*#!0*)!&04'!#%()'*%#!
7+-$!1*!/01-#!%+!-'0)!%&'!#'*%'*5'#!0*)!5+.'!(/!71%&!0!:/0*1#&!
%-0*#60%1+*!,+-!066!+,!%&'!7+-)#!%&0%!%&'F!50*!1*!09+(%!CD!.1*(%'#2!
L'41'7!0*#7'-#!0#!0!560##2!
!
I(-*!%+!%&'!4'-9#!/08'!0*)!#'/0-0%'!%&'!#%()'*%#!1*%+!#'4'-06!%096'!
8-+(/#2!"##18*!%&'!8-+(/#!*(.9'-#!+,!#'*%'*5'#!%+!7+-$!+*2!E-1%'!
%&'#'!*(.9'-#!+*!%&'!9+0-)!#+!%&'!#%()'*%#!)+*M%!,+-8'%!7&15&!
#'*%'*5'#!%&'F!0-'!-'#/+*#196'!,+-2!!
!
<=0./6'>!!
3-+(/!C>!N(.9'-#!C?!O?!CC?!CO?!PC?!PO?!QC?!QO?!RC!
3-+(/!P>!N(.9'-#!P?!S?!CP?!CS?!PP?!PS?!QP?!QS?!RP!
3-+(/!Q>!N(.9'-#!Q?!T?!CQ?!CT?!PQ?!PT?!QQ?!QT?!RQ!
V*,+-.0%1+*!
3-+(/!R>!N(.9'-#!R?!U?!CR?!CU?!PR?!PU?!QR?!QU?!RR!
/05$'%#!
3-+(/!A>!N(.9'-#!A?!CD?!CA?!PD?!PA?!QD?!QA?!RD!
!
/%6$.7*03$%& !
&18&618&%'-#!
V*!%&'1-!8-+(/#?!%&'!#%()'*%#!#&+(6)!-'0)!%&'!#'*%'*5'#!0*)!,1*)!%&'!
!
:/0*1#&!4'-9!1*!/0-'*%&'#1#!71%&1*!%&'!#'*%'*5'!1*!<*861#&2!I&'!8-+(/!
!
#&+(6)!(*)'-61*'!%&'1-!5&+15'2!
!
E&'*!%&'!8-+(/#!&04'!,1*1#&')?!/0##!+(%!&18&618&%'-#!%+!'05&!#%()'*%2!
L'0)!%&'!#'*%'*5'#!06+()!+*'!9F!+*'?!5&'5$!,+-!5+./-'&'*#1+*?!0*)!
0#$!%&'!0##18*')!8-+(/!,+-!%&'1-!0*#7'-2!V,!1%!1#!5+--'5%?!066!#%()'*%#!
#&+(6)!&18&618&%!%&0%!4'-9!+*!%&'1-!+7*!/08'2!V,!1%!1#!1*5+--'5%?!'=/601*!
7&F!0*)!&04'!%&'!+%&'-!#%()'*%#!%-F!%+!)1#5+4'-!%&'!5+--'5%!0*#7'-2!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I(-*!%+!%&'!0)J'5%14'#!/08'2!314'!%&'!#%()'*%#!ABCD!.1*(%'#!%+!7+-$!
1*)141)(066F!+*!#'6'5%1*8!%&'!:/0*1#&!%-0*#60%1+*!,+-!%&'!9+6)')!
0)J'5%14'#2!!
!
E&'*!.+#%!+,!%&'!#%()'*%#!&04'!,1*1#&')?!&04'!%&'.!5+./0-'!
0*#7'-#!71%&!%&'!+%&'-!#%()'*%#!0%!%&'!%096'?!5&0*81*8!%&'1-!0*#7'-#!
0#!*'5'##0-F2!E&'*!%&'F!&04'!,1*1#&')?!8+!+4'-!%&'!0*#7'-#!0#!0!560##2!
!
!"##$%&'(&)*+,"&-*%%".#&
!
!
!
"#$%!&'#!()*+&!+#,#-&#%!.*$-&)-#!&#/&!$0%!12#+&)30+!$,32%4!-'#-5)06!(3*!
-37.*#'#0+)308!90+:#*!&'#!12#+&)30+!$+!$!-,$++8!
!
;#+&<&$5)06!+&*$&#6=!&3!(3-2+!30>!)%#0&)(=)06!5#=!:3*%+!)0!&'#!
/.*0120"& A0(3*7$&)30!.$-5#&!
12#+&)30+!&3!62)%#!&'#!*#$%#*!&3:$*%!&'#!$0+:#*!)0!&'#!&#/&8!
!
?$@#!&'#!+&2%#0&+!*#$%!$0%!$0+:#*!&'#!12#+&)30+!*#,$&#%!&3!&'#!
+#-30%!$0%!&')*%!&#/&+!)0!.$)*+8!!"#@)#:!$0+:#*+!$+!$!-,$++8!!
!
?37#:3*5>!+&2%#0&+!+&2%=!&'#!7$&#*)$,!30!&'#!'$0%32&+4!03&#+4!$0%! &#/&+!&3!*#$%!$&!
344,20*12$%&
*#$%!$0%!$0+:#*!12#+&)30+!$B32&!C<D!&#/&+8! '37#!
&
!
!
!
!
!
!"#$%&'( &)*"%&'( &!"+!",!(

+(,-!"!.))/!'/%"!()!-0)1!2)3$!-../012-3245!4)$!
"##$%&'"(')*! !
(0%!5%"6!72!(0"*8'*.!2)3$!0)-(9!
"$)5"!:! ;)3!&"*!-5%66!(0%!4))/,-!/%6'&')3-!-/46-!1'(0!
!
-&%*(! 2)3$!*)-%9!
<!46)$"6!-//-5706053!5"8%-!"!*'&%!&%*(%$#'%&%!
"$$"*.%5%*(! !
4)$!2)3$!/'**%$!("76%9!
+(,-!'5#)$("*(!()!4'*/!"!0%"6(02!8-9-510!1'(0!(0%!
7"6"*&%! !
4))/-!2)3!%"(9!
+(,-!'5#)6'(%!()!("8%!7'.!8230:!)4!4))/!10%*!2)3!
7'(%! !
"$%!"!.3%-(!'*!-)5%)*%,-!0)5%9!
+4!2)3!0"=%!"*2!6%4()=%$!8450:!)$!#'%&%-!)4!4"(>!
7)*%! !
6%"=%!(0%5!)*!2)3$!#6"(%9!
<!7%"3('436!10530/.2010>!-3&0!"-!46)1%$-!)$!
&%*(%$#'%&%! !
&"*/6%->!'-!(0%!#%$4%&(!"//'(')*!()!"!4"*&2!5%"69!
&'='6'(2!:! +(,-!'5#)$("*(!()!-0)1!2)3$!12;2923<!10%*!%"('*.!
!
#)6'(%*%--! )3(9!
;)3!-0)36/!($2!()!6'5'(!2)3$!4))/!"*/!/$'*8!
&)*-35#(')*! !
145:=6.3245!'*!)$/%$!()!7%!#)6'(%9!
?0%*!2)3!"$%!'*!-)5%)*%,-!0)5%>!'(!'-!"!.))/!
&3-()5! !
'/%"!()!4)66)1!(0%'$!1=:346:9!
@"*!2)3!(%66!(0%!>2??0/0510!7%(1%%*!"!4'-0!4)$8!
/'44%$%*&%! !
"*/!"!5%"(!4)$8A!
+*!(0%!B*'(%/!C("(%-!'(,-!'5#)6'(%!()!#3(!2)3$!
%67)1! !
0984@:!)*!(0%!("76%9!
D"$%*(-!-0)36/!($2!()!&$%"(%!"!$%6"E%/!
%*='$)*5%*(! !
05;2/456053!10%*!4%%/'*.!(0%'$!&0'6/$%*9!
G0%$%!"$%!5"*2!032A=0330!$36%-!(0"(!.3'/%!0)1!
%('F3%((%! !
2)3!-0)36/!"&(!"(!(0%!("76%9!
H"*2!4"5'6'%-!#$%#"$%!"!?0-:3!/3$'*.!(0%!
4%"-(! !
0)6'/"2-9!
H"*2!#%)#6%!"((%*/!4"5'62!7-3B0/257:!/3$'*.!
."(0%$'*.! !
(0%!0)6'/"2-9!
?0%*!2)3!"$%!"!7=0:3!"(!-)5%)*%,-!0)3-%>!2)3!
.3%-(! !
53-(!"61"2-!($%"(!2)3$!0)-(!1'(0!$%-#%&(9!
D'&8'*.!2)3$!(%%(0!"(!(0%!/'**%$!("76%!'-!"!7"/!
0"7'(! !
B-8239!!
;)3!53-(!"61"2-!(0"*8!2)3$!0)-(-!4)$!(0%'$!
0)-#'("6'(2! !
B4:.23-923<!7%4)$%!6%"='*.9!
+4!2)3!"$%!(0%!B4:3!)4!"!#"$(2>!2)3!"$%!%E#%&(%/!()!
0)-(! !
732!"*/!#$%#"$%!(0%!4))/!"*/!"6-)!&6%"*!3#9!!!
!
&'%$()'%*+%,"#'%-+()%!"#$%,"*.%-+()%/0#1"/2%/+*%
!"#$% %
-+()%$!''3'4%
6.')'%,"!!%-+(%.+$*%*.'%7"//')%#0)*-8%9.'%
!+50*"+/% %
!%&'("%)%"$%0!,0-$%3')-%":#+)*0/*4%
;0)'/*$%/''7%*+%*'05.%*.'")%5."!7)'/%<++7%
:0//')$% % *'))+,$%$(5.%0$%$0-"/<%=#!'0$'>%0/7%$"**"/<%
?("'*!-%0*%*.'%*0@!'4%
A0*"/<%"/%*%-+,'("%)%"$%":#+)*0/*%*+%:0"/*0"/%0%
:+7')0*"+/% %
.'0!*.-%7"'*4%
B+()%)'#.")%$.+(!7%@'%#!05'7%"/%-+()%!0#%0*%*.'%
/0#1"/% %
@'<"//"/<%+C%*.'%:'0!4%
D*%"$%)(7'%*+%:01'%!+(7%)%"$+$%,"*.%-+()%:+(*.%
/+"$'% %
,.'/%-+(%'0*4%
9.'%)'$*0()0/*%+CC')$%:0/-%%#("%)$%C+)%*.'%:0"/%
+#*"+/% %
7"$.E%5."51'/2%@''C2%#+)12%C"$.2%+)%!0:@4%
9)-%*+%:0"/*0"/%*.'%.+$*F$%#'&+%,.'/%'0*"/<G%
#05'% %
7+/F*%'0*%:(5.%C0$*')%+)%$!+,')%*.0/%*.':4%
D*F$%":#+)*0/*%*+%:0"/*0"/%0%:'0!*":'%,%/(")+%
)+(*"/'% %
C+)%-+()%5."!7)'/4%
DC%-+(%@()#%0*%*.'%7"//')%*0@!'2%:0/-%#'+#!'%,"!!%
)(7'/'$$% %
@'%$.+51'7%@-%-+()%,/-+)+$$4%
B+()%C0:"!-%$.+(!7%:01'%0%,/!+%0<0"/$*%,0*5."/<%
)(!'% %
9H%7()"/<%7"//')4%
I''#%-+()%C0:"!-%+/%0%C"J'7%'0*"/<%$&0+-/!+%$+%
$5.'7(!'% %
*.'-%7+/F*%'0*%*++%'0)!-%+)%*++%!0*'4%
K0/-%C0/5-%)'$*0()0/*$%#(*%('1!+&!%(0$%+/%*.'%
*0@!'5!+*.% %
*0@!'$%*+%:01'%*.'%'/3")+/:'/*%:+)'%0##'0!"/<4%
*"#$%%L% B+(%50/%+C*'/%C"/7%'*"?('**'%("#$%"/%*.'%
%
$(<<'$*"+/$% /',$#0#')4%
M/%0))0/<':'/*%+C%@'0(*"C(!%C!+,')$%077$%0%
*+(5.% %
$#'5"0!%(%/&0%*+%0%7"//')%*0@!'4%
N+)1$2%1/"3'$%0/7%$#++/$%0)'%":#+)*0/*%'0*"/<%
(*'/$"!% %
/(+)$"!$4%
O)''/%3'<'*0@!'$%.03'%0%."<.%/(*)"*"+/%2'!/+2%$+%
30!('% %
'0*%0%!+*%+C%*.':4%
9.'%3'4%-+(%7'5+)0*'%-+()%*0@!'%,"!!%7'*'):"/'%
,0-%L%$*-!'% %
.+,%-+()%<('$*$%#')5'"3'%-+(4%
%
!"#$%&'"$()*$(+$%,('"(-".&'/*0(
10 2)('/("'3$()4(/*5%$(%$/64"/','&')'$/(7*$"(6&5""'".(5(#'""$%(65%)80(9!"#$%&'(&:(
;0 <&758/(/*47(84=%(566%$3'5)'4"(>4%(84=%(*4/)?/(*4/6')5&')8(,8()*5"@'".()*$A0(9#")'&%&:(
B0 2>(84=(#4"?)(75")()4($5)(/4A$)*'".C(/'A6&8(&$5+$(')(4"(84=%(6&5)$0(9*+,%&:(
D0 E*$"(84=(5%$(>'"'/*$#($5)'".C(&58(84=%(/'&+$%75%$(4"(84=%(6&5)$C("4)(4"()*$()5,&$0(
9$"-+&:(
F0 2"(G*'"5C('>(84=(/)'3@(84=%(3*46/)'3@/('"()*$(%'3$(,47&(')(A$5"/(84=(75")(/4A$4"$()4(#'$0(
9#"&(&:(
H0 2"()*$(!"')$#(I)5)$/C(')('/(4>)$"()*$(3*'&#%$"?/(%$/64"/','&')8()4(/$)()*$()5,&$(,$>4%$(A$5&/0(
9$"-+&./%.#+)%:(
J0 I4A$(6$46&$(,$&'$+$()*5)($5)'".(,$>4%$(84=%(*4/)/('/('A64&')$0(9!&++&:(
K0 L4(84=(,$&'$+$()*5)(I5")5(G&5=/($M'/)/N(9+0()'(&:(
O0 P4=(/*4=&#(3*5".$()*$()5,&$3&4)*(,$>4%$()*$("$M)(A$5&(,$35=/$(')?/(#'%)80(9!%#1(%&:(
1Q0 L4("4)(/6')(4=)(84=%(>44#C($+$"('>(84=(#4"?)(&'@$(')0(9+)!2$(&:(
110 2>(')('/(64//',&$C(5+4'#()4=3*'".()*$(>44#(7')*(84=%(*5"#/0(9+3('%&:(
1;0 R&$5/$(=/$(.44#(64/)=%$(7*$"(84=(/')(5)()*$()5,&$0(9)+-'%&)+:(
1B0 L43)4%/(%$34AA$"#($5)'".(5(+5%'$)8(4>(>44#/(5"#(+$.$)5,&$/($+$%8(#580(9&+!"#+-*%&:(
1D0 R&$5/$(34+$%(84=%(A4=)*('>(84=(*5+$()4(34=.*0(9'%$%&:(
1F0 2>(84=(5%$(4>>$%$#()74(6&5)$/(4>(>44#C(')('/(64&')$()4(3*44/$()*$(6&5)$(7')*(&$//(>44#(4"(')0(
9+/+4(&:(
1H0 L4("4)('")$%>$%$(7')*()*$(/$%+'".(6%43$//S(/'A6&8(75')(65)'$")&8(>4%(84=%(>44#0(9(-'+&5+&(&:(
1J0 L4(84=(>$$&(34A>4%)5,&$($5)'".('"($&$.5")(%$/)5=%5")/N(9)+-'(&)+:(
1K0 E*$"(84=()%5+$&C(')('/('A64%)5")()4(5#56)()4()*$(3=&)=%5&("4%A/(4>()*$(*4/)(34=")%80(
9%*%$'%&)+:(
1O0 R5%$")/(/*4=&#($/)5,&'/*(/4A$(A$5&)'A$(%=&$/(7')*()*$'%(3*'&#%$"C(/=3*(5/("4(TU(#=%'".(
#'""$%0(9+)'%1/+!+&:(
;Q0 2>(84=(#4"?)(&'@$()*$(>44#C(@$$6(84=%(34AA$")/()4(84=%/$&>0(9#%-'+-+&:(
;10 R5%$")/(/*4=&#(%$'">4%3$()*$'%(3*'&#%$"?/(.44#(A5""$%/0(9&++)5"&6%&:(
;;0 2)?/('A64%)5")()4(+5%8()*$(>44#/(84=($5)S($5)'".()*$(/5A$(>44#/($+$%8(#58('/(="*$5&)*80(
93%&(%&:(
;B0 T5@'".(5"($)'V=$))$(3&5//(A58(*$&6('A6%4+$(84=%()5,&$(A5""$%/0(9#+,"&%&:(
;D0 W$A$A,$%()4(75')(>4%($+$%84"$()4(,$(/$%+$#(,$>4%$(84=(/)5%)($5)'".0(9+)$+&%&:(
!"#$%&'"$()*$(+$%,('"(-".&'/*0(
120 34"5(647'&'$/(&'8$()9(:%45(,$69%$($4)'".0(;!"#$!<(
1=0 >)?/(:9&')$()9()%5(4(&'))&$(,')(96($4@*(#'/*(9"()*$()4,&$(%4)*$%()*4"(/$%+'".(4(&9)(96(9"&5(9"$(
9%()A9()*'"./0(;%!&'$!<(
1B0 C$7$7,$%()9(/45(D:&$4/$E(A*$"(59F(4/8(/97$9"$()9(:4//(59F(4(#'/*0(;(")*!<(
1G0 >"(74"5(@9F")%'$/(')('/($H)%$7$&5(%F#$()9(,F%:(4)()*$()4,&$0(;"!+),$!<(
1I0 J&$4/$(#%'"8(59F%(KF'@$(LF'$)&5M(')?/(%F#$()9(/&F%:0(;'"'"!-!+*(&.$/"0,"<(
NO0 P9"?)(69%.$)()9()*4"8()*$(*9/)/(,$69%$(59F(&$4+$0(;($!-1$.-2!$)*$.<(
NQ0 >6(59F(4%$('"+')$#()9(4(#'""$%(:4%)5R(%$7$7,$%()9(4/8('6(59F(/*9F&#(,%'".(4(#'/*()9(/*4%$0(
;*03*,$!<(
N10 P9("9)(/*9F)(#F%'".(7$4&)'7$/M(')('/(%F#$(4"#(')(@4"(*F%)(:$9:&$?/($4%/0(;2!*,$!<(
NN0 J4%$")/(/*9F&#("9)(4&&9A()*$'%(@*'&#%$"()9(7'/,$*4+$(4)()*$()4,&$0(;)&/%&!,$!."(/$1<(
NS0 T48$(/74&&(,')/(4"#(@*$A(59F%(699#(A$&&(,$69%$(/A4&&9A'".0(;/$.,*)$!<(
N20 >6(59F(4%$($4)'".(4)(4(%$/)4F%4")R()*$(*9/)(96()*$(:4%)5(F/F4&&5(:45/()*$(,'&&0(;%$2$!<(
N=0 >6(59F(4%$(7$$)'".(/97$9"$(69%()*$(6'%/)()'7$R(')?/(:9&')$()9(/*48$()*$'%(*4"#(4"#(/45R(D>)?/(
"'@$()9(7$$)(59F0E(;)&0&)"!<(
NB0 P9(59F(:%$6$%()9(:%$:4%$()*$(699#(9%(A4/*()*$(#'/*$/U(;%!"%$!$!<(
NG0 >6(59F(4%$(.F$/)('"(/97$9"$?/(*9F/$R(#9($+$%5)*'".(59F(@4"()9(*$&:()*$70(;$4+($!<(
NI0 V4')$%/(4"#(A4')%$//$/(4)(64"@5(%$/)4F%4")/(4%$()4F.*)(*9A()9(69&#("4:8'"/('")9(
,$4F)'6F&(/*4:$/0(;(&'1$!<(
SO0 >6(59F(4%$(#%'"8'".(/97$)*'".(*9)R(/':(/&9A&5(%4)*$%()*4"()48'".(,'.R(64/)(.F&:/0(;.&!'"!<(
SQ0 W)(4(647'&5X/)5&$(#'""$%R(59F(/*9F&#(&'6)($4@*(#'/*(F:(4"#(:4//(')()9()*$(%'.*)0(;1"3$0,$!<(
S10 T%5(4&&("$A(699#/(59F($"@9F")$%M(74"5(96()*$7()4/)$(#$&'@'9F/Y(;.$'"!<(
SN0 >)?/(:%9:$%()9()$4%()*$(,%$4#(A')*(59F%(*4"#/('"/)$4#(96(@F))'".(')(A')*(4(8"'6$0(;!&/%"!<(
!"#$%&'( &!")!"*!( &+,"%&'(
!""#$"#%!&'() *!#'+&,),-$./0)&'!1-)&-'%#)1-%/0#'+)-../0./1-23) )
"#$"'#) &!2/')2'-!3%$#4))
1!#'5./(1!.&%$.,) 6-'+)1.&&%+7)&-')8'!&9)2')4-/3567)+$&)&$)1.&):$.#,'/5) )
!,);'//4)
1/'!+(;!,-'0) <!='),.#')&-')7/!,,',)!#')473-8)2'5$#'):$.)"$.#)&-') )
0#%+=,4)
'/'7!+&(5!+1:) >$.),-$./0)0#',,)+%1'/:);-'+)0%+%+7)%+)!+)3739-82) )
#',&!.#!+&4))
'+?$:!2/'(5.+) @%++'#)"!#&%',)1!+)2')3'#:)38:0;-<73)!,)/$+7)!,):$.) )
=+$;)&-')'&%A.'&&')#./',4))
5%B'0("'#8!+'+&) *!#'+&,),-$./0)=''")&-'%#)1-%/0#'+)$+)!)51=3>)8'!/) )
,1-'0./'C)8'!/,),-$./0)2')!&)&-'),!8')&%8')'3'#:)0!:4)
%+!""#$"#%!&'() D-';%+7);%&-):$.#)8$.&-)$"'+)%,)!/;!:,)3'#:) )
%8"#$"'#) 18-../0./1-234)
/'5&E-!+0'0) *!#'+&,).,'0)&$)5$#1')&-'%#)7352?@-8>3>(1-%/0#'+)&$) )
'!&)$+/:);%&-)&-'%#)#%7-&)-!+0,4)
+$%,:(/$.0) */'!,')2')A.%'&C)%&F,)#.0')&$)2')801A;);-'+):$.)'!&4) )
$11!,%$+!/) G&F,)!11'"&!2/')&$)7%3')1-%/0#'+)!+)044-A108-7)&#'!&4) )
"!,&'/(,$5&)1$/$#'0) H/'7!+&)#',&!.#!+&,)$5&'+).,');-%&')$#).-A237) )
&!2/'1/$&-,4))
"/'!,!+&(+%1') I#:)&$)'+7!7')%+).73-A-82)1$+3'#,!&%$+);-%/'):$.)'!&) )
;%&-):$.#)5!8%/:4)
"$/%&'(1$.#&'$.,) G&F,).07123)&$),!:)J"/'!,'K)!+0)J&-!+=):$.K)!&)&-') )
0%++'#)&!2/'4(
"#$.0("/'!,'0) >$.#)"!#'+&,);%//)2')./06>)%5):$.)2'-!3');'//4) )
#%7-&(1$##'1&) GF8)+$&),.#');-%1-)%,)&-')/19@2)5$#=)&$).,'L) )
#%7-&E-!+0'0) GF8)/19@2?@-8>3>9),$)G)'!&);%&-)8:)#%7-&)-!+04) )
#.0'(%8"$/%&') *'$"/')8!:)&-%+=)%&F,)/6>3)%5):$.)".&):$.#)'/2$;,)$+) )
&-')&!2/'4)))
,/$;(,/.77%,-) <:)7#!+08$&-'#)%,)!)3'#:)A70B)'!&'#C)%&)&!=',)-'#) )
+'!#/:)!+0)-$.#)&$)5%+%,-)!)8'!/4)
,$.+0/',,(A.%'&) G5):$.)1!+9)"/'!,')1-';)%+)!)A068>73AA);!:4) )
,.#"#%,'0(,-$1='0) I-')1-%/0#'+F,)2'-!3%$#);!,)'B1'//'+&L)GF8)A6/./1A3>4) )
.+1$85$#&!2/'() G5):$.)0$+F&)=+$;)"#$"'#)'&%A.'&&'9):$.)8!:)5''/) )
!;=;!#0) 6840C50/2-<73)%+)!+)'/'7!+&)#',&!.#!+&4))
:.88:(0'/%1%$.,) M'),.#')&$)&-!+=):$.#)-$,&)5$#)&-');6CC;)8'!/4) )
)
$#7.//$,$) 8!/)'0.1!0$) #%1$) $1!,%$+!/) '0.1!0$) ,$#"#'+0%0$)
0%3'#&%0$) 1.%0!0$,$) %+1$8$0$) !7#!0!2/') 1$##'1&$) 0').+)1$/$#)1/!#$)
'/'7!+&') #.%0$,$) !"#$"%!0$) /'+&$) /%8"%$) .,!)/!)8!+$)0'#'1-!)
%+!"#$"%!0$) 1!//!0$) 5%?$) N.#0$) )
)
r'T r:!--fr. r .. ran. r i.m I.r i ry -*.:i *i.*!'r
f./ -
RUDE MANNERS AT THE TABLE
\
ii
Tryingto:summarize some ryOe actions att!_g..tgblq, we

will mentionlhi following tidt fi is rude --''"*-,-r'* t ,: :
chew with your: mouth open.

make noise when chewing.
sip sgup and hot noisity,
fiOuidi
piokup up the plate and eat.
break bread'in little,pieces, make pelletsl and.play r,vith.,them. ,' , ,
introduce the whole spoon in your mouth or touch your teeth with it.
use bread to,take the,food'using bread, instead of using,'the fork or rpoln
Pick2 your gums, extracting particles of food from your teeth with the
tongue.
!
I 'l
' pellefs; small round piece.
- to pick: to remove a small piece or pieces of fotod from the gums
2
t
\ f
Based on the list above, choose the appropriate alternative ts eomplete each
sentence. (ltems from 20 to 23)
2q People should never
A) eal hot soup

B) use a fork to eat
C)
,) ..
have bread wiih meals
D), lift the plate to eat from it
21, At the table, it is impotite to

uA) use bread to take the food
.B) hold food with the fork
C) eat food with utensils
D) have a spoonto eat
lN41-10
i.
' 22),,,Feople,'strc,uld:'j
I
tN41;10 a
Read,ttie,,tex,t,below, '- t'':1,, ,l': " '
;"'i *,&t{
'j
. : .: :
Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete eaeh sentence.
20) ' The head waiter usually

:
, A) checks that the silverware is properly placed
B) haS.a close contact with the customers
,C) Customers
gives the nqpkins to'the
D): eais with th custbmers ' , r .' j
:
l
21) lt is inferred from the text that aecording

: to the type of food ordered.
A) salt qnd ppperlare used

rB) two types:. of soda are $erved
Cl the kind of water is'irnportant
D) there is usually a specific type of wine
rN11-09
...
22j with'the.,food.
- t.l ..
'..itheiwh.:ite,or,td# e
,.,,,i:,A), : :..1r:;.
,:, B) any kind of drink
:C) all types of wine
.
D) r,,:SOftrUfihli$':. . ;1,.,,' :" 1,
.,:.i',8)'.';.pr:efc,i:redwine. . r''.
C) ' choose the drinlqthey want

,,,'' D]'.'', choeisgfiihtas'*gffin:'dish
:ll,,,t,ttiOgli
10
TABLE MANNERS FOR A FAilIIILY MEAL
Table manners have changed over the

years, but.some stay here to irnprove
our politeness.
The following are common sense

etiquette rules to be followed by the
guestq.
* Wait for others to start eating. Many families will pray first.
!n a family-style meal, food is passed to the right.
* Try a,little of everything - do not take.a lot o{ anything.
* lf you do not want something, just pass it on. You do nol need to sby
an$hing.
" Keep the table and tablecloth as clean as possible. Put bones, or
anything that is not eaten on your plate.
* Avoid burpingt and sturpingf because they are considered
rnappropnate.
*
:
Meals are to be slow and pleasant. Enjoy your food and take part in the
eonversation. Try to keep others' pace while eating.
* When you finish eating; thank the hosts for the meal.
* Wait for all to finish eating before leaving the table.
.,'Burp: To mnke a noise with the mouth when air rises frorn the stomach and rs forced out.
'Slurp: To drink a tiquid noisily.
Based on the text absve, choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.
20) lt is polite to during a family meal.
A) burp at the table

B) talk during the meal
C) finish your food fast
li:
lri
l:t
.
D) put bones on the table
ri
ii
li
IJ
iil " lN21-09

'ilr
::
i!.
.1' :
21\,lt, ii'Considered:l'ude,to
, l:
.. . "-pul: dsbn.fourplaie , ,,,'

:r':::i- r, .: :f i- i | . . :: -r'
BJ ' !4[Q ysg'5,time to",eEgV,,fp ;,,,., ..;,.;,,.. ..,,,jr .
,.,C), wai!,,fCIi Others ts start ea,ting : .: :

r
,,, D.)i ,,.make.noises

while e-ating or:drinking'.,
... 1 ::
.r' . , r :
.l
' -: first
i, .,,,A);,,.finish,eating ,,, '.,';:.1-,,r ,
.
, ' 'g,L' n'ot .talkjat all durlng,ttre

,rr. rneai " ' ,,, ,,. ' '
'
C) pass the food dishes to the right

.r
D):,' sju!ho, thaiikso,at{d rturh'whd${dodt like
: : . , .:, l
23) T,he guests should

...
,, ' ,
A),, PfaY, :, ', -t ,
B).1 stoP tatking ,, ': :..::.'::r' ':'1: ii
C) leave the table

D1,,,..rrn"onthe host or hostess for tle'feast
1N21{g,l {n
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Homework Readings
Table Manners
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Read the text and choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence (19 and 20).
GOOD MANNERS THROUGH THE AGES . .
Setting the table properly d,oesn,t have any value if it

I
is not accompanied by gooci manners while eating. lt
is common to hear parents tell their chitdren: Take
your elbows off the, tablelo or "Don't talk with rfo-od in
you r mouth !' Belilvg, it.'or noi,, the,se tabJe, rules.-have
put it to your nose!" And what table,rules were common in the 1970s?' The etiquette
:
speiialist Emily Post cites a couple of the most popular, "Eat silently,'not noisilyll'
and "Teach all children to eat r:ight handed,, evgn if they are lefties!" ln the 1990s; :
table rules are.arlittle more direct, Muw Mitchell, alias Ms, Demeansr, 'reports that
one of her favori{es is "The only proper place for spitting is at the dentist."
19) Even today, parents teach their children that IS

impolite.
A) not smelling the food

- B) talking before you eat
C) avoiding greasing their fingers
D) placing their elbows on the table ./
2q ln the 90ts, experts included a rule against
A) Mary Mitchell
B) t
the habit of qpitting ."r'' I
C) right handed people
D) sitting at the proper piace
rN11-08 o
Read the article apd choose the alternatives that complete the sentences conectly.
I
SETTING THE TABLE 22) For formal dinners, experts suggest covering
the table with
A) a pastel
B) a white pastel
C) ads about elegance
D) a soft cslored tablecloth
23) Two good options for a centerpiece are
A) strong scents and guests

B) naturalflowers and fruits
For a formal dinner, experts recommend

C) colored tablecloths
using a white or Pastel-colored
D) foods with aroma
tablecloth to cover the table because it
instantly adds a touch of elegance to the
gathering. Also a must is an
arrangement ar centerpieee, which ean
consist of naturai flowers, a candelabra
if after 5:00 p.m. or fruits and
-
vegetables for the more imaginative.
"You have to be very careful if You 24) The scent of some can
choose a floral araRgement beeause disturb the visitors.
some have strong scents which,
besides bothering the guests, can A) celebrations
interfere with ihe aroma of the food that B) candelabra
will be served." Raventss de Pubillones
suggests "centerpieces should coincide
C) flowers
with the celebratioR or event that will D) guests
take place."
{
*
Fead the text below. Choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.: (lten.
frclm 20 to 23)
20) The foods that require two utensils

when eating them are
A) oysters and bread

B) meat and butter
C) bread and fish
Table Manners When Eating out D) fish and meat
It is very important to know and practice

some table manners while tasting some 211 Generally, the fork used for eating
meat is the {orl
food when eating out. Here we have used for eating'fish.
some tips that might be really useful:
A) longer than
Oysters, as appetizer: B) as large as
Use the small fork angled into the C) as short as
soupspoon at the right. This is the one
exception to the rule of placing forks to
Di shorter than
the left of the plate.
22) When eating out,
Fish: is the only mealthat f*quires no
Use both a fork and a knifp for fish. The utensiis to put it into'fhe rnoutlr.
fish fork is usually shorter than the meat
fork. A) oyster
B) bread
Meat: C) nreat
Use the inner fork and knife for the meat D) fish
course of the meal.
Eiread: 23) People have.to choose the utensilt

Eread must always be broken, never cut to eat depending'on
with a knife, Tear off a piece that is no
bigger than two bites worth and eat that F.) the type of food
before tearing off another. lf you get B) their preferences
butter (and at formal events it is C) their quantitY of time to eat
customarily not served), butter the small D) the number of utens i ls Placed
piece of bread just before eating it. at the table
tN31-ogr
!"##$%&'(&)$*+,-.#&-%,&/"*"01-2+$%#&
!
&
& 3%#21452+$%-*&#"64"%5"& 7-2"1+-*#&
7$2+8-2+$%& "#$%&#!'()**+!,&-.#!)((!%$!./#!'#(#0&).-%12&#().#3!1%41*!%1!./#! !
.#)'/#&5*!6)7#!%1!*.&-6*!%$!')&3*.%'89!:(*%!,&-.#!)((!%$!./#!,%&3*5! !
;6)1-*/!.&)1*().-%1*!%1!%./#&!6-#'#*!%$!')&3*.%'89!<4.!*/)6#*!-1.%!./#! !
#13*!./#!=).'/-17!6)-&*!*%!./).!./#>!$-.!.%7#./#&!(-8#!64??(#!6-#'#*9! !
@)'/!=).'/5*!#13!*/)6#!*/%4(3!0#!*(-7/.(>!3-$$#&#1.!*%!./).!%1(>!%1#! !
6-#'#!,-((!$-.!'%&&#'.(>9! !
! !
A)6#!./#!@17(-*/!1%41*!%1!./#!0%)&3+!(#)B-17!*6)'#!$%&!./#-&!;6)1-*/! '#(#0&).-%1*!
=).'/#*!.%!0#!.)6#3!1#C.!.%!./#=9!D)13!%1#!%&!=%&#!;6)1-*/!1%41*! 64??(#!6-#'#*!
%4.!.%!#)'/!*.43#1.9!@)'/!*.43#1.!=4*.!7%!.%!./#!0%)&3!)13!.)6#!./#-&!
64??(#!6-#'#!-1!1#C.!.%!-.*!@17(-*/!.&)1*().-%19!@1'%4&)7#!./#=!.%!4*#!
,/).!./#>!81%,!)0%4.!@17(-*/!.%!$-13!./#!=).'/9!A/#>!')1!3%40(#2
'/#'8!,-./!./#!#13!*/)6#9!
!
:*8!./#!*.43#1.*!,/).!)((!%$!./#*#!,%&3*!=-7/.!/)B#!-1!'%==%1!
E./#>!)&#!)((!&#().#3!.%!/%(-3)>*!)13!'#(#0&).-%1*F!)13!-1.&%34'#!./#!
.%6-'!%$!./#!(#**%19!
!
3%9$1:-2+$%& ! &
D)13!%4.!./#!'#(#0&).-%1*!-1$%&=).-%1!6)'8#.!.%!#)'/!*.43#1.9!:*!)! &
'()**+!(%%8!./&%47/!./#!6-'.4&#*!)13!()0#(!#)'/!%1#!)''%&3-17(>+!4*-17! &
./#!()0#(*!%1!./#!0%)&3!)*!)!74-3#9! &
! &
A4&1!.%!./#!)3G#'.-B#*!6)7#9!H-B#!./#!*.43#1.*!)!*6#'-$-'!)=%41.!%$! /-7/(-7/.#&*&
.-=#!EI!=-14.#*JF!.%!-13-B-34)((>!&#)3!./&%47/!./#!*>1%1>=*!)13!
)..#=6.!.%!.&)1*().#!./#=9!K/#1!.-=#!-*!46+!L4-'8(>!7%!./&%47/!./#!
)1*,#&*!)*!)!'()**+!)*8-17!*.43#1.*!.%!=)8#!1%.#!%$!/%,!=)1>!%$!
./#=!./#>!)1*,#&#3!'%&&#'.(>!%1!./#-&!%,19!M-*'4**!./#!)3B#&0*!).!
./#!0%..%=!%$!./#!6)7#!)*!,#((9!
!
D)B#!./#!*.43#1.*!'%41.!./#!14=0#&!%$!)3G#'.-B#*!./#>!.&)1*().#3!
'%&&#'.(>!%1!./#-&!%,1!)13!./#1!64.!./#=*#(B#*!-1!%&3#&!)7)-1*.!)!
,)((!$&%=!(#)*.!.%!7&#).#*.9!E:!6#&*%1!,/%!3-3!1%.!)1*,#&!)1>!
'%&&#'.(>!)13!)!6#&*%1!,/%!)1*,#&#3!./#=!)((!'%&&#'.(>!,%4(3!0#!).!
%66%*-.#!#13*!%$!./#!(-1#9F!!
!
K/#1!./#>!/)B#!(-1#3!./#=*#(B#*!46+!0#13!./#!(-1#!-1!/)($!*%!./).!
#)'/!6#&*%1!1%,!/)*!)!6)&.1#&!*.)13-17!-1!$&%1.!%$!./#=9!!
!
D)B#!*.43#1.*!*-.!,-./!./#-&!1#,!6)&.1#&*!)13!'%=6(#.#!./#!
'#(#0&).-%1*2&#().#3!B#&0*!6)7#9!K/#1!)((!6)-&*!/)B#!$-1-*/#3+!&#B-#,!
./#!)1*,#&*!)*!)!'()**9!;.43#1.*!*/%4(3!'%&&#'.!)1>!-1'%&&#'.!
)1*,#&*9!:.!./#!#13+!&#,)&3!./#!6)-&*!,-./!./#!/-7/#*.!14=0#&!%$!
'%&&#'.!)1*,#&*9!
!
;1-52+5"& ! !
H-B#!*.43#1.*!)66&%C-=).#(>!NO2IP!=-14.#*!.%!&#)3!)13!)1*,#&!./#! '#(#0&).-%1*!
L4#*.-%1*!$%&!./#!./&##!6&)'.-'#!.#C.*!)0%4.!'#(#0&).-%1*9!K/#1!./#! -1$%&=).-%1!
.-=#!-*!46+!7&%46!./#!*.43#1.*!-1.%!*=)((!.#)=*!)13!7-B#!#)'/!.#)=!)! 6)'8#.*!
,/-.#!0%)&3+!=)&8#&!)13!#&)*#&9!! !
! ,/-.#!0%)&3*!
H%!./&%47/!./#!L4#*.-%1*!%1#!0>!%1#+!=)8-17!*4&#!./#!*.43#1.*! !
413#&*.)13!./#=9!A/#1!7-B#!./#=!IP!*#'%13*!%&!*%!.%!'%=#!.%!)!.#)=! !
!"##$%&'(&)$*+,-.#&-%,&/"*"01-2+$%#&
!
"#$%&$%'%!()#'*!*+&!($%,&-!($.!,-/*&!/*!#$!*+&/-!,+/*&)#(-.0!1&(2%! ,+/*&!)#(-.!
%+#'3.!-(/%&!*+&/-!)#(-.%!#$!456!76!89:!;,(-.!<#/$*%!*#!*&(2%!,/*+!*+&! 2(-B&-%!
"#--&"*!($%,&-%0!=(>&!*&(2%!*+(*!?&*!*+&!($%,&-%!"#--&"*!&@<3(/$! !
*+&/-!-&(%#$/$?!*#!*&(2%!*+(*!./.!$#*!%#!*+(*!&>&-A#$&!'$.&-%*($.%0! &-(%&-%!
!
344*+5-2+$%& ! !
=#2&,#-BC!%*'.&$*%!%*'.A!*+&!2(*&-/(3!#$!*+&!+($.#'*%6!$#*&%6!($.! *&@*%!*#!-&(.!(*!
-&(.!($.!($%,&-!D'&%*/#$%!()#'*!7E8!*&@*%0! ! +#2&!
!
!
!"#$%&'($) *+,-,+.) */!,'*0)&1!,*2!&'-,)
!"#$%&' !"#((#)*&' '
+,(-(,"#.' &")/#&#,*)(' '
+"00' (#!0")&0/' '
$")&0+1(' &%)*-+1(' '
()2&' +#*)(' '
3)""#0/' *,&'2#*$(0' '
30""4' %)554' '
,(/' 0(/0"(4' '
,50*6)#"' ,1&2#/0' '
5)&"#,&#.' *)&#,*)(#2&#.' '
5(0)20/' 2)&#2+#0/' '
5,"&)!(0' 3,70)!(0' '
"0(#$#,12' 25#"#&1)(' '
",1$%'' /#++#.1(&' '
2#.-' #((' '
2#*$(0'' 1*3)""#0/' '
8,*/0"+1(' +)*&)2&#.' '
8,,/0*' 3)/0',+'8,,/' '
'
'
'
9:;<=>?'
9/70"!2'/02."#!0'%,8').&#,*2')"0'/,*0@'
'
.)"0+1((4'
+"00(4'
#*2&)*&(4'
5",50"(4'
A1#.-(4'
2(,8(4'
2&",*$(4'
21++#.#0*&(4'
!
/$0+&0(1%$$(%"(2'0(&,"-",.(3-$4."(5%2'(2'0(3-66032(&,"-",.(-"(2'0(6%#'27(
89'0(&,"-",.&(+60(-42(-1(-6:067;(
!"#$%&'( )*+"%&'( ),"-",.(

"##$"%!! !"#$%$#& ! *",/$%!
"%%&'$!! ''$("#& ! "%%&'$!
(%&)*!! )#"$#& ! 3"17!
+$%,&-.!! %*+,-#."#& ! 4$$5!
+/",!! %/"#'"#& ! %$+"11!
+00#$%",$!!! %**!$#"#& ! %$"+,!
-"11!! %"$#& ! 2&4+0'$%!
-&)2!! $+%*+)#"#& ! 0(1&*$!
-0%+$!! ,*#0"#& ! +"%%.!
-0%*$,!! *'1-2"#& ! +0)-&%5!
*%03!! %3')-1"#& ! )0,!%$5$5($%!
/"%'$4,!! %*4$%/"#& ! 4,62.!
#".!%$4#$+,!,0!
/$"1! %3#"#& !
*0!
/0)0%!! /*+#"#& !
,%")45&,!
1$"%)!! "!#$+2$#& !
806%)$.!
5"%+/!! ."#%/"#& !
2$4+$)2!
50'$! .*1$#4$& !
+61,&'",$!
%$+$&'$!! #$%-5-#& !
4$$!
%$5$5($%!!! #$%*#2"#& ! *$,!
%$4#0)2!! #$4!*+2$#& ! ,"17!
4/03!6#!!! "!"#$%$#& ! +6%$!
4#%$"2!! )#"+4.-)-#& ! *$,!,0!
46%'&'$!!! 4*5#$1-1-#& ! 30%7!,0*$,/$%!
,%"'$1!! 1-"6"#& ! 4,".!"1&'$!
3",+/!!! .-#"#& ! !
!
Read the text below-
ESCAZTJ'S OXCART FESTIVITY

'lwenty-five years ago, the
Municipal ,Council of
Escazu established every second Sunday of March
as the Cantonal Day of the Ox Drivers and the
Festival of the Oxcart. ln 2005, UNESCO declared
the ox driver andrthe Costi Rican traditionai oxcart as
l'intangibte patrimony of humanity". Back in 165g, an existing
docurnent certified the existence of two wooden oxcarts'and two teams:of
:
oxen in Escaz6. During the XVlll century, rich Costa Rican families grew sugar
cane and had "trapiches" (rudimentary molasses factories, bringing deep changes
in colonial Costa Rica. These conditions promoted agricultural development.
Thus, ox drivers settled with their oxcarts not only in Escazri, but in many areas of
the Ceintral Valley. Coffee growing, by the middle of the XIX century, made the
oxcart the most important means of transportation of those days. Nowadays,
oxcarts and'ox drivers participate in religious celebrations of the patron Saint in
different communities, festivals related to localtraditions, and natural resources.
ln the National Parade of Ox Drivers and Oxcarts in Escazu, more than 150 ox
teams and thousands of tourists meet across from the Town Hall. By 10 a.m.,
oxcarts loaded with women dressed in typical costumes start their 3 km journey up
to the Church of San Antonio of Escazu to receive the priest's blessing. Marimba
music and dancing masked figures enliven this popular festivity.
Adapted from La.Nacion, March 200g
B_ on the text above, choose the apfropriate alternative to complete each

_"::d
sentence. (ttems from 24 to 2g)
24) History records that oxcarts have been part of Costa Rican culture since
A) the XVlll century

B) sixteen fifty-eight
C) nineteeneighty-three
D) the middle of the XIX century
lN41-10
?51,., 1,16", National Parade of Oxcarts',tflt,plA.ge
A)',
. ,..'
,C)'
.BJ:.
26.)
:',.:,"
'',',' 27},:,:Toda1.the oicafi is

A) the symbol of San Jos6
',ts) an intangible heritage of hurnanity
'c)
Dt af ways.,full, ol women drc,ssg,in,tfpical @sturnes
':
,28) Oxcaris and oxdrivrsf' festival$ he f,eldted to

A) the rainy season
"B)
religious festivities
c) ox drivers' associations
,Dl the communitypf Escazri only
lN41-10 10
.,J
Read the text and choose the correet altemative to comp-lete each statement.
ffiffiffime People celebrate Chrjstmas in different ways, depending on

the country where they live and th.e tradifioirs they have.
GOSTA RIEA:
Bright, tropical flowers highlight decorations for Christmas.
The nativity scene is decorated with electric lights, moss
and plants, figures of shepherds, sheep, wells, angels and a
eomet. Wreaths of cypress leaves are very popular and
those with a more eecentric taste include coffee berries and
brilliant tropical'plants. The supper, after Midnight Mass,
consists of tamales, roast pork meat and other local dishes. \G'
4
THE UNITED STATES:
Americans celebrate Christmas with the exchange of gifts
and greetings and with family'visits. Christmas begins witn
the Midnight Mass. At Christmas it snows in many states, so
dinner is commonly eaten indoors. Dinner is ujually roast
turkey, goose, duck or ham served with cranberry iarcu,
plum pudding, pumpkin pie, nuts and'fruit: American honres are decorated with holly, misfietce
and branches ot trees and a ehristmas tree with ereetric- --g----_
rights.
AUSTRALiA:
The holiday eCImes in the middle ef sun:rner. lt's Usual for some parts of Australia to hit .i00
{egnees Fahnenheit on e hilsimas Day. in Sydney, thousands of families prepare their ehristmas
dinner and iake it to Bondi Beach. Australians decorate their houses *ith a red-flowereei-leave
bushes that are native from Australia.
21) In every eountry n:entioned before, 22) in eosta Rica, during ehristmas the
peeple eelcbrate Christmas depending
on
A) decorations are coiorful .
A) their cultural heritage

F) nativity scene is not popular
B) Australian standards
U,' wreaths are made of tamales
c) Ameriean customs
D) supper includes red coffee berries
E) gifts and greetings
10
$ci*i:'-
for,din,ner"
23) In the' United Statee" peoplahave,ig
A)' OucX tamales with'holly-', r,,,,

B)
: .
cranberry anO Chleken-iid :
r: :.i:: ' ... :
,1,
'','
'Cj "turxey; nuts, and pumpkin PiQ
DJ turkey- witlr, eo",ffe, f ber:r' res sauqe,
:,
I
are mad e, o{, cY.P, ress.
24; , 6utihg ehi'istmag in Cost-a',Ri.ca,
r
,
,it
wleaths'
n).
, ..t,
,
rB) many houses

c), some tamales
'P-) many main meals
'tt,
'
25) Qgs1a Rieans'use to. decor.ate the nativitY scene.
A) different kinds of berries

' B) moss and Plants
C) pork meals
D) tamaies
for'Christmas supper.
26) ln the United States it's common to eat
.:i
'
.i
:
A) beef
'B)' Poultry
C) tamales
D) ham Pudding
Read the text. Chocse the altemative to answer the questions-
ST. ANDREWS DAY
One of the 12 Apostles, Andrew, is the patron saint of Scofland and every year
Scots around the world celebrate Nov. 30 or thereabouts with a lively ball (big
dance) and different customs to honor his name.
On the eve of St. Andreds Day single girls pray to St. Andrew for a husband
and if one doesn't appear fast enough they throw a shoe at the front door. lf the
shoe lands in the direction of the way out, that means the girl will be maried
and out of her parents' house within the year, Also they peel an apple without
breaking the skin and throw it behind them. lf the peel fonns a letter of the
alphabet, that would be the start of the groom's name.
The blue flag of Scotland with its diagonal white cross, known as The Saltier
Cross, represents the transverse cross where Andrew was crucified by the
Romans-
25) How do Scots commernorate St- Andre#s Day?
A) Wearing typil cpstumes

B) Singingtraditionalcfiants
C) Wth an great dance
D) Praying allday long
26) tffhat do young womeil ask of St. Andrew? To

" A) marry a saint
B) catcfr a spous
C) crucifo the Romans
D) throw a shoe on the flmr
12
27) What does the shoe tl'rrowing imply?
it means that the youngster
A) has to revealthe Eroomrs n&lrl

B) requests an apple to peel
C) wants a husband quickly
D) will live with her parents
28) What does throwing the peel of an apple reveal?
A) How fast the husband is going io appear

B) The starting letier of {he sair$rs narne
C) The first letter of the groorn's'name . l
D) The direction of the groom's house
29) What does The Saltier Cross represent? lt symbolizes
A) the Roman white cross

B) the way Andrew died
C) St. Andreds banner
D) Scotland's blue flag
13
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Homework Readings
Holidays and Celebrations
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Read the text. Choose the option that completes each sentence correctly.
.25) The first Thanksgiving Day took place in
A) England
B) Plymouth
C) allthe United States
D) allAmericancountries
26) This celebratiol ga{ters
A) relatives
B) justthe emPloYees
C) .just the yourlg,People
D) grandmothersexdusivelY
.l 2{ Sorne pqle to be ai home on Ttranksgiving-
A) do eiilra work ' .
B) make long tuiPs

C) make foreign fo6d
D) T"k"
dressesand Patters
28) Nowadays people'etebrate'iftranksgiving followingthe u/ay.

.\
A) sbange
B) modem
c) different
D) traditional
29\ The main dish on this holidaY is

A) milk
B) turkey
C) cream
D) the dressing
Reed thd{ext below,
;e rr$$*a ra*+{Fr r refl**..#* r+f#5d*B rilfl;}lD-e rrililrlif

G
6i
'--=
1. , ,.:
$ tn Costa Rica, Cultprqs' Day is celeb,ratdd on ffiobet 12;.a Special date tor Lim6n
fi wtrere a 1&day party has been held for more than frfty years. This time, the'first
S adivitythatfticksoffthetraditionalcarnivalislhecoronalionof thehql-agbn. '",. ,' "'
c
f, *.or*l5,h$ Fileworks alyvAys,, foJ!,o,yrv'. t[e.,,coronatien, along wlth ,a *
?-*ffift'..@ncelt'oflights".-Carniv.alorganizersexpect15,000
q. fl lights". Cainiv,bj.organizers qxFec,t, l.S-,00P
s
F ' ,'}ll,
&
*.
stt. p'"ffi ', nruugh ni,'rnuttiqui Wist 'T'hisparadd
f..
qt
is scheduled for.the senstd +jeekend:' The night of flT e
+ i
e .+'.#' ' parade,lat I', o'clock, an,intemifionelband'usually gives d free,
F . :----:r -:.:- - ----'-: -,.,-:'--'lI--.-:.,.,..,r.
#
Gi
.
open-airConcertin'fPargudVar,gas".' timtnteityand,some area,beaches
S *itl hq.$J at least four otheq free concerts,o- ,.,O_$o, {{; 1i9,
1-5, .22;
cbveriltg.a
t "tropical" musical range from "salsa" and "merengue" to "ranchera", and of course, the
G - -r-.
Qi: Caribbeqn standard, lcalypso1
*ii
ijq New to the carnival are two chiidrenls festivals on October 13'a'nd'22, and d show of
''dancing horses on October'15.
&
g.
tnY
*Kick gff: tostart something, especialiy an exciting evenl
F'
q.
'..-, J
$"8* ,*&d, r *4-r$3$"*rs "l..Sae'iF9&'"Xa iil.*W{e$effiery{brffieew
Based on the,text, choopg the appropriate'altemative to answef eactr questicn.

241 Hov long has the'Carnival,treen eelebrated? For
A) 50 years and 10 days

B) more than 5 decades
C) 10 days per month:
D) less than 50 years
tN11-09 11
m1',
':.
.isohesffu,ttitt :, a,r:';?.:t' .:-a:l-
:.: :lr::i;1ti;i16{S*.-4t
.:)
,r,B)
,,,
c)
.;i
d ;,
,r' , i,,,+;.,+ i.t'-'ii,
'i...;; t,-,:
-r i, 'r.41:t i
:"
''',..
28) lNhat dges the parade in Lim6n represent?
A) retigious beliefs
B) ' culturql featqres'
c) ".sociaf
:itnpreve-fnef;,tt,
D), educational aspects
!"##$%&'(&)%*+,$%-"%.&
!
&
& /%#.,01.+$%23&#"40"%1"& 52.",+23#&
! !
"#$%&!%'&!&(%$#&!)$*%!+,!&(-$#+(.&(%/#&)0%&1!(+2(*!*3#0.4)&1!25!0(1! !
*5#&01!0#+2(1!+(!%'&!3'0)64+0#17!8&-$&9!%'&!.&0($(:*!+,!%'&*&! 3'0)6!
9+#1*!9$%'!%'&!*%21&(%*!0*!0!:#+25;!0(1!%'&(!4#&06!%'&.!$(%+!%9+! !
5$.+*2.+$%& :#+25*7!<'&!:#+25*!*'+2)1!,+#.!)$(&*!5&#5&(1$32)0#!%+!%'&! C!,)>*90%%&#*!
3'0)64+0#17!=$-&!%'&!,$#*%!*%21&(%!$(!&03'!)$(&!0!,)>!*90%%&#7!?03$)$%0%&!
%'&!,)>!*90%%&#!03%$-$%>!4>!30))$(:!+2%!9+#1*!$(!@50($*'!0(1!'0-$(:!
*%21&(%*!#03&!%+!*90%!%'&$#!A(:)$*'!%#0(*)0%$+(*7!B&&5!%#036!+,!5+$(%*7!
!
!
D(!50#%(&#*;!*%21&(%*!#&01!%'#+2:'!%'&!*&(%&(3&*!+(!%'&!&(-$#+(.&(%/
#&)0%&1!(+2(*!50:&7!<'&!50$#*!*'+2)1!%#>!%+!#&30))!%'&!@50($*'!
%#0(*)0%$+(!,+#!&03'!+,!%'&!9+#1*!0(1!9#$%&!%'&.!$(!%'&!#$:'%/'0(1!
3+)2.(7!8&-$&9!0(*9&#*!0*!0!3)0**7!
!
<2#(!%+!%'&!&(-$#+(.&(%/#&)0%&1!-&#4*!50:&7!=$-&!%'&!*%21&(%*!0!,&9!
.$(2%&*!%+!9+#6!$(1$-$120))>!+(!.0%3'$(:!%'&!@50($*'!%#0(*)0%$+(!
9$%'!%'&!4+)1&1!-&#47!"'&(!%$.&!$*!25;!'0-&!*%21&(%*!%2#(!%+!0!
1$,,&#&(%!50#%(&#!0(1!3+.50#&!0(*9&#*7!=+!+-&#!%'&!0(*9&#*!0*!0!
$(,+#.0%$+(!
3)0**7!
5036&%*!
!
!
<2#(!%+!%'&!50:&!+,!&(-$#+(.&(%0)/!0(1!%#0-&)/#&)0%&1!01E&3%$-&*7!A03'!
!
*%21&(%F*!50:&!*'+2)1!0)#&01>!'0-&!0!,&9!+,!%'&!@50($*'/A(:)$*'!
'$:')$:'%&#*!
.0%3'&*!.01&!,+#!%'&.7!@%21&(%*!.2*%!.+-&!0#+2(1!%'&!#++.;!
!
*'0#$(:!%'&$#!0(*9&#*!G+()>!%'&!0(*9&#*!%'0%!9&#&!9#$%%&(!$(!,+#!
!
%'&.H!9$%'!+%'&#*7!I+9&-&#;!*%21&(%*!.0>!(+%!)++6!0%!+(&!0(+%'&#F*!
!
505&#*7!<'&>!.2*%!*'0#&!$(,+#.0%$+(!3+.5)&%&)>!+#0))>7!8&.$(1!%'&.!
)$(&1!505&#!
%+!3+5>!%'&!*5&))$(:!+,!%'&!9+#1*!30#&,2))>7!8&90#1!%'&!,$#*%!,&9!
!
*%21&(%*!%+!,$($*'!3+.5)&%&)>7!J2$36)>!#&-$&9!0))!+,!%'&!.0%3'&*!0*!0!
/%6$,-2.+$%& !
3)0**7!
!
!
!
=$-&!%'&!*%21&(%*!0!4)0(6!)$(&1!*'&&%!+,!505&#7!K*6!%'&.!%+!,+)1!$%!$(%+!
!
L!3+)2.(*7!D(!%'&!,$#*%!3+)2.(;!'0-&!%'&.!3+5>!1+9(!0))!+,!%'&!
!
01E&3%$-&*!$(!@50($*'7!<'&(;!$(!%'&!*&3+(1!3+)2.(;!'0-&!%'&.!3+5>!%'&!
!
3+##&3%!A(:)$*'!%#0(*)0%$+(!,+#!&03'!+,!%'&!9+#1*!$(!%'&!5#&-$+2*!
!
3+)2.(7!<'&.!0*6!%'&.!%+!,+)1!%'&$#!505&#*!%+!'$1&!%'&!,$#*%!3+)2.(!
!
0(1!0%%&.5%!%+!#&/9#$%&!%'&!9+#1*!$(!@50($*'!,#+.!.&.+#>7!"'&(!
!
%'&>!0#&!,$($*'&1;!%'&>!*'+2)1!2(,+)1!%'&$#!505&#*!%+!3'&36!%'0%!%'&!
!
,$#*%!0(1!%'$#1!3+)2.(!.0%3'!5&#,&3%)>7!D,!%'&#&!0#&!0(>!&##+#*;!%'&>!
!
*'+2)1!3+##&3%!%'&.!0%!%'$*!%$.&7!<'&(!'0-&!%'&!*%21&(%*!,+)1!%'&!
505&#*!+(&!)0*%!%$.&!*+!%'0%!4+%'!%'&!,$#*%!0(1!*&3+(1!3+)2.(*!0#&!
'$11&(7!<'&>!*'+2)1!9#$%&!%'&!A(:)$*'!%#0(*)0%$+(*!$(!%'&!,+2#%'!
3+)2.(;!%'&(!2(,+)1!%'&$#!505&#*!%+!1+24)&!3'&36!0(1!3+##&3%!0(>!
&##+#*7!!
!
<0)6!%+!%'&!*%21&(%*!04+2%!90>*!%+!*%21>!-+3042)0#>!0%!'+.&7!K*6!
%'&.!$,!0(>!+,!%'&.!2*&!%'$*!.&%'+1!+#!0(>!+%'&#!.&%'+1!%+!.&.+#$M&!
-+3042)0#>!9+#1*7!!
!
N5&(!%'&!$(,+#.0%$+(!5036&%*!%+!%'&!%&O%*7!K*!0!3)0**;!1$*32**!%'&!%$%)&;! !
#&01!%'#+2:'!%'&!P2&*%$+(*!0(1!%&O%;!0(1!%'&(!#&/#&01!%'&!P2&*%$+(*;! $(,+#.0%$+(!
7,21.+1"&
'$:')$:'%$(:!6&>!9+#1*!%'0%!#&,&#!%'&.!%+!%'&!%&O%7!=+!%'#+2:'!&03'! 5036&%*!
P2&*%$+(!+(&!4>!+(&;!$1&(%$,>$(:!%'&!6&>!9+#1;!,$(1$(:!%'&!&O03%!*5+%! !
!"##$%&'(&)%*+,$%-"%.&
!
"#!$%&!$&'$!$%($!)*&*!$%&!+&,!-./0!1./!"$*!*,#.#,234!(#0!(#*-&/"#5!$%&! !
6)&*$".#*7!!! !
! !
8#!9("/*4!%(:&!$%&!*$)0&#$*!/&(0!(#0!/&*9.#0!$.!$%&!*&;.#0!(#0!$%"/0! !
$&'$*!9(,"#5!*9&;"(<!($$&#$".#!$.!$%&!+&,!-./0*7!=&:"&-!$%&!(#*-&/*!$.! %"5%<"5%$&/*!
$%&!6)&*$".#*4!(*+"#5!$%&!*$)0&#$*!-%&/&!"#!$%&!$&'$!$%&,!>.)#0!$%($!
"#>./2($".#7!?*+!$%&2!$.!*)99./$!$%&"/!(#*-&/*!-"$%!(!<"#&0!#)2@&/!
>/.2!$%&!$&'$7!A(+&!*)/&!(<<!.>!$%&!*$)0&#$*!(/&!;<&(/!(@.)$!%.-!$.!
"0&#$">,!(#0!>"#0!$%&!+&,!-./0*!"#!$%&!6)&*$".#*7!
!
?*!%.2&-./+4!$%&!*$)0&#$*!*%.)<0!/&(0!(#0!/&*9.#0!$.!$%&!9/(;$";&!
/001+23.+$%& !
$&'$*7!!
&
!
!
"#$%&'(!)*+,! '"#-"#."! '/0#&'(!-+0#'%0-&*#!
"##$##%$&'! ()$!%"*$!"!+"#'!1223224356!,+!')$!#-'."'-,&/! !
"0$1"2$! 3)$!1738193!'$%4$1"'.1$!-#!56!*$21$$#/! !
7$&'.18! 9$!:-0$!-&!')$!';$&'8<+-1#'!:356;8</! !
7)$%-7":! .=34>:1?!;$"4,&#!).1'!')$!$&0-1,&%$&'/! !
71,4! =!+"1%$1!&$$*#!"!)$":')8!:8@A!',!%">$!%,&$8/! !
*"&2$1! ?1-0$1#!#),.:*!@$!";"1$!,+!:"&*#:-*$!B15938/!! !
*$@1-#! 3)$!+:,,*!:$+'!:,'#!,+!B3C8>2!,&!')$!1,"*/! !
*-#$"#$! 3)-#!&$;!B>23123!%">$#!4$,4:$!0$18!#-7>/! !
*-#'1-@.',1! ABC!-#!"!@-2!B>268>C;6@8!,+!7,%4.'$1!4"1'#/! !
*1,.2)'! D,!1"-&!7".#$*!"!#$0$1$!B8@;9=6!-&!')$!"1$"/! !
E"1')! F$787:-&2!-#!"!;"8!+,1!8,.!',!41,'$7'!')$!"186=/! !
$++,1'! G$,4:$!"1$!%">-&2!"&!3DD@86!',!41,'$7'!')$!E"1')/! !
$H)".#'! I"1!3E=1;26!-#!"!%"J,1!#,.17$!,+!"-1!4,::.'-,&/! !
+$1'-:-K$1! 3,,!%.7)!D386>?>F38!7"&!)"1%!')$!$&0-1,&%$&'/! !
+-&$! =!&$;!:";!+,17$#!4$,4:$!4"8!"!D>53!-+!')$8!4,::.'$/! !
+:,,*! L$"08!1"-&#!71$"'$*!"!D?@@B!-&!,.1!7,%%.&-'8/!! !
+:.7'."'-,&! 3)$!D?;:6;16>@5!-&!'$%4$1"'.1$!-#!)"1*!,&!71,4#/! !
+.$:! C,#'!%,*$#!,+!'1"&#4,1'"'-,&!1$:8!,&!D;3?!#,.17$#/! !
2:,@":!;"1%-&2! $?@C1?!G184>59!-#!%$:'-&2!')$!-7$!-&!')$!D,1')!G,:$/! !
21$$&),.#$!2"#$#! I"1@,&!*-,H-*$!-#!,&$!,+!%"&8!98335=@;23!91232/! !
-&71$"#$!M!1-#$! I,#'"!F-7"!)"#!$H4$1-$&7$*!"&!>5:83123!-&!',.1-#%/! !
:"&*! 3)$!?15B!-&!("1"4-N.O!-#!%,#':8!+:"'!"&*!+,1$#'$*/! !
:$0$:! 3)$!;"'$1!?373?!)"#!1-#$&!-&!')$!=':"&'-7!P7$"&/! !
:,22-&2! B8!:";!')$!?@99>59!7,%4"&8!%.#'!1$4:"&'!'1$$#/! !
:,##! (,%$!7,%4"&-$#!)"0$!$H4$1-$&7$*!"!?@22!-&!41,+-'#/!! !
%-&-&2! H>5>59!+,1!2,:*!"&*!7,44$1!).1'#!')$!$&0-1,&%$&'/! !
%.*#:-*$! F"-&!7".#$*!"!4;B2?>B3!"&*!7:,#$*!')$!)-2);"8/! !
4"''$1&! ?$7$%@$1!1"-&!-#!"!'84-7":!;$"')$1!A166385/! !
4$17$&'"2$! =!)-2)!A38:356193!,+!-%4,1'#!7,%$!+1,%!I)-&"/! !
4$#'! 3)$!%,#N.-',!-#!7,&#-*$1$*!"!A326!',!%"&8!4$,4:$/! !
4,::.'"&'! P-:!-#!"&!$H"%4:$!,+!"&!$&0-1,&%$&'":!A@??;6156/! !
4,::.'-,&! F-*-&2!@.#$#!)$:4#!1$*.7$!')$!"%,.&'!,+!A@??;6>@5/! !
41,*.7$1! I,#'"!F-7"!-#!"!@-2!A8@B;:38!,+!7,++$$!"&*!@"&"&"#/! !
4.14,#$! 3)$!A;8A@23!,+!1$787:-&2!-#!',!#"0$!')$!E"1')/! !
1$#$"17)! (7-$&'-+-7!832318:=!41,0$#!2:,@":!;"1%-&2!-#!1$":/! !
1$#,.17$! 9"'$1+"::#!"1$!"!832@;8:3!+,1!41,*.7-&2!$:$7'1-7-'8/!!! !
1-#>! L,%$#!@.-:'!&$H'!',!1-0$1#!"1$!"'!8>2I!,+!+:,,*-&2/! !
1,7>! +@:I!-#!"!&"'.1":!1$#,.17$!'">$&!+1,%!FO,!(.7-,/! !
#"%4:$! 3)$!"#'1,&".'!',,>!1,7>!214A?32!+1,%!')$!%,,&/! !
#,-:! I1,4#!7"&Q'!21,;!;)$&!')$!2@>?!-#!4,::.'$*/! !
#,.17$! 3)$!2@;8:3!,+!FO,!(.7-,!-#!)-2)!-&!')$!%,.&'"-&#/! !
#4$7-$#! I,#'"!F-7"!)"#!%"&8!2A3:>32!,+!@.''$1+:-$#/! !
#.44:8! 3)$!2;AA?<!,+!,-:!7,.:*!*-%-&-#)!-&!RSS!8$"1#/! !
#.44,1'! 3)$!2,0$1&%$&'!;-::!2;AA@86!$&0-1,&%$&'":!:";#/! !
#.1+"7$! =#'1,&".'#!:"&*$*!,&!')$!2;8D1:3!,+!')$!%,,&/! !
'1$&*! T#-&2!7:$"&!$&$128!-#!@$7,%-&2!"&!.4;"1*!6835B/! !
;"#'$M'1"#)M2"1@"2$! F$787:-&2!;-::!)$:4!1$*.7$!')$!"%,.&'!,+!918C193/!! !
;-:*$1&$##! A'Q#!*-++-7.:'!+,1!).%"&#!',!#.10-0$!-&!')$!G>?B385322/! !
;-&*! )>5B!4,;$1!)$:4#!2$&$1"'$!7:$"&!$&$128/! !
8-$:*!! 3)$!:"&*!<>3?B2!@"&"&"#U!4:"&'"-&#!"&*!8.77"/! !
!"#$%&'($)'*)+,-*'./! 01-*.2-&'3*)'*)4*52'./) !
!"#!$%&$'%() ,"*%#(-)
"#$%&"%'(! ! #*+%,) -5$-*&%()
"()*')"%+,*)'"&*! ! *-.-&$) 2*'.-4)
"-,./*0!"%12*! ! ,-%,) %$$*%.$'6-)
"))/(+3"&*! ! !.'-&$'/'.) %6%'(%#(-)
1")*! ! !"!$%'&%#(-) +&-78%4)
1/(%'45/1*! ! /(%00%#(-) *+"&,7$*'2))
1*%5/"#.(! ! $1'&) ,-!'*%#(-)
1*%'"-/%"&*! ! ,-$%'(-,) #"!4)
&(!/&"! ! %'*#+*&-) '&$'0%$-)
&(!/&"!6!7$(.'"! ! "!-/"() ,'!$'&.$'6-)
&(.3"&*! ! 2+'!+&+"!) 8'(,))
&(+("#.(! ! .+&$%0'&%$-,) *-('%#(-)
&('".."&*! ! *'!34) 2(-&$'/"()
&/+,*%/#.(! ! $1'.3) /+*-'9&)
&/+'/%'/7*! !
&$)"&()*! !
(8'()%*! !
(8')"%9()*! !
3)$(+*0!(+,(+*!! !
/%5."-"#.(! !
/%'()%*! !
4%'/-*! !
-$()'*! !
*1$,"&*! !
)(1/(%'(! !
+/.7(+')(! !
+*+'(%/#.(! !
+$+'"%1/*+*! !
':8/1*! !
;'/.! !
!
-".#'#)&/0&$,"&
!"#$"#%"&'#&(#)*'+,&
1"23&'#&!4.#'+,&
!"#$%&"#'()*$+%(,$%.3*"&$/%+(-$%#")$.%/.%,$&.&0*)12% %
34%56$,$%(,$%)"%5,$$+%5"%',"5$&5%*57%56$%8*)9%&()%3*/5%56$%5"'+"*0% %
(8(.2%%
35%*+%)"5%(%1""9%*9$(%5"%362#%'0(+5*&%/$&(:+$%*5%,$0$(+$+%5";*)+% %
*)5"%56$%(*,2%
34%.":%3627%.":,%'0(+5*&%8(+5$%*)%56$%1,":)97%*5%8*00%+5(.%56$,$% %
4",%56":+()9+%"4%.$(,+2%%
!"#$%&"#'()*$+%8()5%5"%%*".2%,(*)4",$+5+%5"%'0()5%&,"'+2% %
<")&$,)$9%&*5*=$)+%&()%%/84*.'#%5"%56$%'"0*&$%*4%(%&"#'().%*+% %
'"00:5*)12%&
>6,"8*)1%.":,%1(,/(1$%")%56$%1,":)9%&()%9.8.)"%56$% %
$)-*,")#$)52%%
?0$(+$%5,.%5"%9"%2".+"%56$%(#":)5%"4%)")@,$&.&0(/0$%*5$#+%.":% %
/:.2%
!"#$%&(,%&"#'()*$+%8()5%5"%9"1"*/4%(%&(,%56(5%,:)+%")%1(,/(1$% %
*)+5$(9%"4%1(+"0*)$2%
!"#$%1,"&$,.%+5",$+%&6(,1$%&:+5"#$,+%4",%'0(+5*&%/(1+%*)%",9$,% %
5"%9'+%/62.)"%56$*,%:+$2%%
>6$%A)-*,")#$)5(0%?,"5$&5*")%B1$)&.%8()5+%5"%9'+$2'36$"% %
*)4",#(5*-$%/,"&6:,$+%(/":5%,$&.&0*)1%5"%56$%'$"'0$2%
C*0%&"#'()*$+%:+$%6:1$%#(&6*)$+%5"%92'**%4",%"*0%:)9$,%56$% %
A(,56D+%+:,4(&$2%
!"#$%4(&5",*$+%9684%56$*,%8(+5$%*)5"%<"+5(%E*&(D+%,*-$,+2% %
3%"#%/62.)"%.":%5"%,$9:&$7%,$:+$%()9%,$&.&0$F% %
C,1()*&%4$,5*0*=$,+%&()%"#2'%,%56$%+"*07%(00"8*)1%'0()5+%5"%1,"8% %
/$55$,2%
A-$,.")$%+6":09%1$5%5"%":4"2'"#%"%+8*##*)1%*)%(%&0$()7%)")@ %
'"00:5$9%,*-$,2%
G",H*)1%8*56%+"#$%4$,5*0*=$,+%&()%":4/+"%.":%5"%#().% %
:))$&$++(,.%6$(056%,*+H+2%%
I().%4(,#$,+%*)%<"+5(%E*&(%)2/5%&"44$$2% %
?:55*)1%5";*)+%*)%,*-$,+%()9%+5,$(#+%&()%,.28%*#'",5()5% %
$&"+.+5$#+2%
>6$%'"':0(,*5.%"4%",1()*&%',"9:&5+%'84*'"+%(%1,"8*)1%)$$9%4",% %
",1()*&%&"#'()*$+2%
?$"'0$%+6":09%6$0'%'#%2".+"%56$%(#":)5%"4%";.1$)%*)%56$%(*,%/.% %
'0()5*)1%5,$$+2%
%>"%'0()5%(%5,$$%*+%5"%'#1"+$%*)%56$%4:5:,$2% %
:(34+/+0(3!!"##!+,3(/43!&,0!49(;!/&,!&83$!%(!9&#*6.8!4$!9.*&,3<!! !
=(/;/8&%8(!%&53!&#(!%(44(#!6$#!49(!(,1+#$,*(,4!&,0!49(;!#$%&! !
8$,5(#!49&,!"8&34+/!%&53<!
>$*"&,+(3!/&,!#'()*!49(+#!/&#%$,!(*+33+$,3!%;!.3+,5! !
#(,(?&%8(!(,(#5;<!
@$*(!/$*"&,+(3!+$,-.$/&-*)!+4(*3!*&0(!$.4!$6!#(/;/8(0! !
"8&34+/<!!
A9(#(!&#(!&!6(?!$#5&,+/!1(5(4&%8(!"#$0./(#3'!%.4!49(;!&#(!,$4! !
&%8(!4$!+))&!49(!5#$?+,5!0(*&,0!6$#!49(+#!6$$0<!
B3+,5!"(34+/+0(3!+3!&!?&;!4$!0'"%',!+,3(/43'!&,+*&83'!&,0! !
3$*(4+*(3!"($"8(<!!
C(!,((0!4$!?$#D!4$5(49(#!4$!0*'&)/&!49(!(,1+#$,*(,4<! !
A#((3!0*'1"2)!39&0(!&,0!"#$4(/4+$,!6$#!"8&,43!&,0!&,+*&83<! !
A9(!5$1(#,*(,4!39$.80!0-,"%3!49(!/$*"&,+(3!49&4!"$88.4(!?+49! !
6+,(3<!
E$!;$.!*)$#"4)!9$?!*./9!0&*&5(!"8&34+/!0$(3!4$!49(! !
(,1+#$,*(,4F!
G6!?(!"#$4(/4!49(!#&+,6$#(343'!49(;!?+88!*)+$",!+,4&/4!6$#!6.4.#(! !
5(,(#&4+$,3<!!
H$.!/&,!*)&-*,!3$*(!"8&34+/!3$0&!%$448(3!4$!49(!34$#(!6$#! !
#(/;/8+,5<!!
@/+(,4+343!/&,!&)%&!49(!8(1(83!$6!4$)+,3!+,!#+1(#3<!! !
E$/4$#3!39$.80!($*,!"($"8(!&%$.4!49(!0&,5(#3!$6!.3+,5! !
"(34+/+0(3<!
!
!
"#$%&#'!()&*+,&#! (,#+-.(/(#! #(0./+#! "#$*$1(#!
0&2&#! 0(3*$,4&#! 0+3.&0+#! -.(*&#!
()"$,(#! &01(#4+#! "(#*&,(/(#! 0&#3(!/.(,4&!
*&4&#! "#$4(5(#! "$0(#! ()"(#+*(,4&#!
0+34#+%.+#! "(#6$#&#! 0(3/&#5&#! +,4$)+/&#!
+,1(#4+#! 3&4+36&/(#! 0.#&#! -.(7&#3(!
"(#7.0+/&#! (,4(##&#! (8&%$#&#'!6$#*&#! +,/#(*(,4&#!
%&7&#! 3$"8&#! +*"8+/&#! 0(1$81(#!
"#$1((#! 9&/(#! /.84+1&#! /&34+5&#!
!
Read the text.
, SL,oBAL,W.ARM|NG J
'a
.,:
ffi##iffififffiktTffflil$fi:ffffi
since the mid-2Oh century is very expected due to the observed-
i
increase in greenhouse gas .on""ntr"tions:"

@s
The term "global warming" refers (in common usage) to the recedt warming of the
gJimate, and it implies a human influence. Thus, the'term "climate change', is'used ior
human'-caused change, and "climate variabillty" for other cha4ges.'
Climate models referenced by the IPCC project that global surface temperaturejs are
likelytoincrease by 1.1 to 6.4"C between 1990 and 2100. Some effects of ,,global
warming" include changes in agricultural yields; glacief - retreat:, reduced srrnr"r'
.stream'flowS, species extinctions; sea levbl ris, intensity bf extreme weagfer events,
tn9 amount and pattern bf precipitatiori resufiing in floods an'd drought, and
thanges !
, increases.in the rangeS of,diseases.:.
' ' ,
r:!
ihe climate system varies through natural, internal processes and iri rebponse to j
changes in external factorS, which include solar activity, volcanic emission's; variations^
in the earth's orbit and greenhouse gases+ Contrbstinj with the'scientin" lonr"n;; i;^
that the warming/is caused by natural fluctuations in the climate or that warming is
mainly a result of variations in solar radiation. The detailed causes of the reJent
w.arming remain an active field of research, Udt tne scientific consensus identifies
increased levels of greenhouse gases due to human activity as the main influence.
Adapted by Janet Bailey
Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.
29) Globalwarming is generally defined as a

i:
!
A) rise in surface air and water temperature

i
B) natural transformation of the climate
I
I
c) climate normal fl uctuation
i
D) sea level rise
lN41-10 11
i
f
t
30) The IPCC:study
A) gives an unquestionable explanation of global warming

B) . explains that globalwarming is'ddbreasing very slowly
C) introduces a unified theory explaining globalrvarming

D) covers.a period of more than a hundred years
31) The term " "'is used for changes that are caused
primarily due to human intervention.
A) ternperaturers variability
B) greenhouse gases
C) greenhouse effect
D) climate change
32) Gontrary to the scientific studies, some scientists believe that global warming,is
mainly a result,of changes in
'A)
''j
glacier reti'eat
B) .solar radiation
C) greenhouse gases
D) volcanic emissions
33) One thing that is Rgt considered a globalwarlning external,factor is

:
A) solar activity
B) sea level rise
C) greenhouse gases '
D) volcanic emissions
tN41-10 '12
Read the text'below.
above, choose the appropriate alternativ6 to answer each question.

29) Who is the pioneer in distributing organic products?
A) Bio=Productores Oro Verde'S.A.

B) . "Members of Healthier Food S.A.
C) The supermarket ownerS
D) A Costa Rican family
rN21-09 13
30) Why should Costa Ricans choose organic products?
Because theY are
A) ',chbmical'free '
B)'beingdernanded ' ,: , , '
,:
' C) grown in good'so.ils , ' , '
: D) cultivated in houses ,
I
t
II
t?
' 31) what dlilemma do farmers have due to the growing'need for organic prodqcts?
Sellers
B) experlment economical losses . '. .
C) :cannot fulfill thedemand . ,:
t t
.' " , '
"
32) What sflrould farrners do to:increase the distribution of organic products?

They should
A) ask f'or bank loans

B) avoid p-esticides
C) reduce prices
D) get together
33) Why are organic products a gobO option for farmers?

. Because
A) they increase the demand of pesticides

l'I B) production costs are lower
; -C) they adapt to any soil
$
n
D) farmers get rich
N21:b9 14
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Homework Readings
Environment
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
': t'
Read.the text below-
BEST ORGANIC COFFEE AWARDED
Miramontes Mill is an organic coffee plantation in Zarcel'o. Recenfly, it won the

lnternet lnternational Auction* of "Golden crop" with a price of $525 a
quintal 1i000 kilograms)., For the second year, an important part of
their production will be exported to Japan.
Because of their, cultivation methods and results,

experts qualified the coffee flavbr produced by
Ricardo P6rez and frieridS as i'exotic". ,,1 cultivated
600 trees"of purple avocado'for 10 years" but I
realized that the pesticides applied to'litile orange
spiders poisoned the trees, my work and my family," Ricardo explained.
From that moment on, P6rez decided to grow coffee together with other types of
plants and trees. Consequently, pests did not concentrate on coffee plants only,
but also in all theiother plants. ln addition, Ricardo P6rezuses micro-organisms
to keep the land fertile and healthy. ln such conditions, these coffee.plantations
will last up to 25 years instead of producing during.only 10 years.
n
*Auction: a public sa/e af which

items are sold to the person who offers to pay the most money.
TakeT frpm,,Etpaseo rn Ctsfa Rrca,, Magazine
Based on the text, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.
29) . To produce a unique cotfee flavor, farmers must
A) kill little spiders

B) .use special chemicals
C) avoid the use of pesticides
D) ,, concentrate pests on coffee plants
rN11-09 13
.'':
30) By using this 'cultivation method in coffee plantations, Ricardo, P6rez will obtain
I A) ' a larger pla$ation

,' gi ton$er:lasting,harvests.
C) the destruction of pests "l
D) an easierway to produce coffee

ii
{
I
31) Micro-organisrns help the land by
A), enriching the soil

B) leaving ttre land sterite
bl increasing the number of pests
,.D) consuming, the nutrients of the soil ' .
32) Winning'the 'tcolden CIop" auction was the,result of
A) good luck
B) hard work
C) growing coffee by regular methods r
D) improvisingagriculturaltechniques
33) Miramontes Mill has exported coffee to Japan
A) tor 25 years
B) for 10 years
,C) twice
D) once
I
I{,
lN11-09 14
t' text belon1 choose the appropriate alternative to answer each question.,
*'fitrfi. (ltems from
Deqtruction of The ,Environment
;,tne 29) What are some sources of

envrronment is contamination mentioned in the
article?
everything around u-s,
both natural and man- A) Wastes from factories anrJ trasl:

made" A major problem B) Cancei in humans and anirnals
in the vrcrirl today is the destruciion of C) Electricity and aiciilents
tl're natural environment. This is a D) ' Non acid rainsto rrns
complicated problem. We burn fuel, and

this causes air pollution. We throw away
30) Why is nuclear power harmful to the
millions of plastic bags, containers, toys, environment?
and other objects: These stay in the Because
environment. They are not like paper or A) of adequate chernical uses
wood that slourly disappear. We have B) of fallout residua ls in the air"
made thousands of ne\ry chemicals. C) of the responsitrle us6'of wastes
Factories that make oi- use chemicals D) countries follow strict safety
always have chemical wastes. These rules
are often poisonous and they stay in the

environment. Since 1g45, several
countries have been testing 31) How does man pollute the air?
nuclear By
. bombs in the air and underground. The
expiosions in the air cause nuclear fallout A) d
killing animals. an people
(radioactive i.ain). The fallout causes

B) producing more etectricitY
C) burning fuel and testing bombs
cancer anO t<itts animals and people. D) throwing a.llwastes into
Now there are nuclear power plants to containers
fiake electricity. These dispose of
dangerous w,astes underground, and
trave accidents' that can be very
cJangerous.
lN3i-t39a
10
Hurricanes Benefit Caribbean
The Caribbean coast revealed a few secrets during an epic October. Undergoing a
phenomenon that seems to happen every few years, a Caribbean hurricane on a distant
side of this sea sucked all the humidity away, leaving cloudless blue skies and sea as flat
as mercury.
The resulting rush of high-pressure air to the low-pressure center of the hurricane also
causes massive rains on the Pacific slope of mountain ranges, as moisture-laden air rises
to rush over high peaks of Costa Rica towards the hurricane. During disaster conditions
of extremely heavy rains on the Pacific, the south Caribbean sees the weather become as
nice as it ever gets, with a fresh, dry breeze blowing down from the Talamancas.
1. An atmospheric phenomenon is taking humidity away from the __________________.

a. Costa Rican Pacific
b. Costa Rican Caribbean
c. Pacific mountain ranges
d. distant side of the Caribbean sea
2. A very distant hurricane has caused strong rains in the ________________________.

a. Caribbean coasts
b. south Caribbean zones
c. all high peaks of Costa Rica
d. Pacific side of the mountains
3. Two weather conditions for the south Caribbean are _________________________.

a. cool with blue skies
b. humid with hurricanes
c. cool with massive rains
d. cloudless and heavy rains
!"##$%&'(&)*+,"-&
!
&
& .%#/*01/2$%+-&#"30"%1"& 4+/"*2+-#&
4$/2,+/2$%& ! !
"#$%!&'#()!*+!),-.%/,)!'/!%/$%0*&%!1*/,'#/#/2!,('$%03(%0',%.! %/$%0*&%)!9#,4!
/*-/)!'/.!,4%#(!.%+#/#,#*/)!#/!5/20#)46!74%!&'(,/%()!)4*-0.! ,('$%03(%0',%.!
8',14!,4%!/*-/)!9#,4!,4%#(!.%+#/#,#*/)6!:4%/!,4%;!'(%! /*-/)!
+#/#)4%.<!2#$%!,4%8!,4%!,('$%0!#/+*(8',#*/!&'1=%,!'/.!4'$%!
,4%8!(%$#%9!,4%#(!'/)9%()6!!
!
.%5$*6+/2$%& ! !
7-(/!,*!,4%!,('$%03(%0',%.!$%(>)!&'2%6!?,-.%/,)!)4*-0.!9*(=!#/! !
)8'00!2(*-&)!,*!(%'.!,4(*-24!,4%!)%/,%/1%)!'/.!-/.%(0#/%!,4%! !
$%(>!#/!&'(%/,4%)#)!@9(#,,%/!#/!?&'/#)4A6!B*((%1,!,4%!'/)9%()! !
')!'!10'))<!,4#)!,#8%!4#240#24,#/2!,4%!1*((%1,!$%(>)6!! !
! !
"#$%!%'14!),-.%/,!CD!>0'/=!+0')41'(.)!'/.!#/),(-1,!,4%8!,*! !
0**=!>'1=!,4(*-24!&(%$#*-)!0%))*/)E!$*1'>-0'(;!'/.!)%0%1,!CD! !
#8&*(,'/,!9*(.)!,4',!,4%;!.*!/*,!'0(%'.;!=/*96!74%;!)4*-0.! #/+*(8',#*/!
9(#,%!,4*)%!9*(.)!*/!,4%!+0')41'(.)<!#/!?&'/#)4!*/!*/%!)#.%! &'1=%,)!
'/.!#/!5/20#)4!*/!,4%!*,4%(6!"#$%!,4%8!*/%!8#/-,%!,*!),-.;! !
,4*)%!9*(.)!#/!)#0%/1%6! !
! !
F'$%!),-.%/,)!0#/%!-&!#/!,9*!+'1%3,*3+'1%!0#/%)!9#,4!,4%#(! !
+0')41'(.)6!G/%!0#/%!*+!),-.%/,)!)4*-0.!>%2#/!>;!H-#II#/2!,4%! !
&%()*/!#/!+(*/,!*+!,4%8!*/!,4%#(!CD!9*(.)<!)4*9#/2!,4%8! +0')41'(.)!
?&'/#)4!,('/)0',#*/!#+!,4%;!2%,!,4%8!9(*/26!74%/!,4%!*,4%(!0#/%! !
*+!),-.%/,)!)4*-0.!.*!,4%!)'8%!,4#/2<!H-#II#/2!,4%#(!&'(,/%()! !
*/!,4%#(!9*(.)6!:4%/!,4%;!4'$%!+#/#)4%.<!,4%!),-.%/,)!)4*-0.!
2#$%!J!9*(.)!,4%;!4'$%!'0(%'.;!8%8*(#I%.!,*!,4%#(!&'(,/%(!
'/.!(%1%#$%!J!/%9!*/%)!#/!(%,-(/6!B4'/2%!&'(,/%()!'/.!(%&%',!
)%$%('0!,#8%)!-/,#0!),-.%/,)!@4*&%+-00;A!4'$%!2#$%/!'9';!'00!*+!
,4%#(!*(#2#/'0<!'0(%'.;38%8*(#I%.!9*(.)6!
!
K#)1-))!,4%!-)%!*+!+0')41'(.)!')!'!),-.;!8%,4*.6!!
!
7*+1/21"& ! !
?,-.%/,)!)4*-0.!9*(=!#/!&'(,/%()!,*!(%'.!,4(*-24!,4%!,4(%%! !
,%L,)!'/.!'/)9%(!,4%!H-%),#*/)<!9(#,#/2!.*9/!,4%!/-8>%(!*+! #/+*(8',#*/!
,4%!0#/%!#/!,4%!,%L,!94%(%!,4',!'/)9%(!1'/!>%!+*-/.6!M%$#%9! &'1=%,)!
'/)9%()!')!'!10'))!'/.!(%9'(.!,%'8)!9#,4!,4%!8*),!1*((%1,! !
'/)9%()6!!
!
899-21+/2$%& !
N)!4*8%9*(=<!,4%!),-.%/,)!)4*-0.!(%'.!'/.!(%)&*/.!,*!,4%!
!
&('1,#1%!,%L,)6!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
"#$%!&!'(%$! 0!1-+5!/01$!#+!'"%! 3%6%1-2.%+'! 0!4'0'%!-7!5(-/'"!-(!
! /#13%(+%44! ! 0360+)%.%+'!
! ! ! !
)*((%+),!! '"%!4,4'%.!-7!.-+%,! 7%%! 0!20,.%+'!.03%!#+!
! *4%3!#+!0!)-*+'(,! ! %=)"0+5%!7-(!036#)%!
! ! ! -(!4%(6#)%4!
#+)-.%! ! '"%!.-+%,!0!2%(4-+! ! !
! %0(+4! 4*221,! 0!4'-)$!-7!0!(%4-*()%!
! ! ! !
/%01'"! 0+!08*+30+)%!-7! '0=%4! 0+!-81#50'-(,!
! 601*081%!2-44%44#-+4! ! )-+'(#8*'#-+!'-!4'0'%!
! -(!.-+%,! ! (%6%+*%!
! ! ! !
%.21-,.%+'! 0!2%(4-+94!:-8!-(! 2(-2%(',! 0!'"#+5!8%1-+5#+5!'-!
! 2(-7%44#-+! ! 4-.%-+%!
! ! ! !
10+34)02%! 011!'"%!6#4#81%! 10)$! '"%!4'0'%!-7!8%#+5!
! 7%0'*(%4!-7!0+!0(%0!-7! ! /#'"-*'!-(!+-'!
! 10+3! ! "06#+5!%+-*5"!-7!
! ! ! 4-.%'"#+5!
2-('! 0!'-/+!-(!)#',!/#'"!0! ! !
! "0(8-(!/"%(%!4"#24! '(0#1! 0!20'"!'"(-*5"!'"%!
! 1-03!-(!*+1-03! ! /#13%(+%44!
! ! ! !
"#5"/0,! 0!.0#+!(-03! 3%4'#+0'#-+! '"%!210)%!'-!/"#)"!
! )-++%)'#+5!.0:-(! ! 4-.%-+%!#4!5-#+5!
! '-/+4!-(!)#'#%4! ! !
! ! 3%20('*(%! '"%!0)'#-+!-7!1%06#+5!
6#4#'-(! 0!2%(4-+!6#4#'#+5!0! ! !
! 2%(4-+!-(!210)%;!0! 4)"%3*1%! 30#1,!210+4!-(!0!
! '-*(#4'! ! '#.%'081%!
! ! ! !
/#131#7%! /#13!0+#.014<!'"%! %+'(0+)%! 0+!-2%+#+5!'"0'!
! +0'#6%!70*+0!-(!0! ! 011-/4!0))%44!'-!0!
! (%5#-+! ! 210)%!
! ! ! !
)0+-2,! '"%!*22%(.-4'!'(%%4! 0))-..-30'#-+! 0!(--.!-(!0!8*#13#+5!
! 0+3!8(0+)"%4!#+!0! ! #+!/"#)"!0!2%(4-+!
! 7-(%4'! ! .0,!4'0,!
! ! ! !
5*#3%! 0!2%(4-+!/"-!036#4%4! 6#1105%! 0!4.011!(*(01!'-/+!
! -(!4"-/4!'"%!/0,!'-! ! !
! -'"%(4! 1*=*(,! '"%!4'0'%!-7!5(%0'!
! ! ! )-.7-('!0+3!
'%((0#+! 0!4'(%')"!-7!10+3<!/#'"! ! %='(06050+'!1#6#+5!
! (%50(3!'-!#'4!2",4#)01! ! !
! 7%0'*(%4! 20(03#4%! 0+!#3%01!-(!2%(7%)'!
210)%!
!"#$%#&'()*&$)*&+)*#,"()#&-.#&/#,0&()&1$,#)-.#%(%&()&#$2.&%#)-#)2#3&&
!
"# $%&'!()*!(&+!&,!()*!'&-.(/0.!1&-!2/.!/3'0%*!()*!4*/-(0,-5!5/.362/+*!/55!/%&-.3#!
!"#$%&"&'!
7# $%&'!()*!'&'*.(!1&-!/%%08*9!1&-!:055!4*!/'/;*3!41!()*!4*/-(1!/.3!308*%60(1!&,!()*!
%/0.,&%*6(#!!(()*"&'!
<# =.*!:/1!(&!2&.6*%8*!&-%!./(-%/5!%*6&-%2*6!06!41!%*21250.>#!!+,-.)&/"&'!
?# @&'*!/.0'/5!6+*20*6!)/8*!5*/%.*3!(&!2&+*!:0()!+&55-(0&.9!4-(!&()*%6!)/8*!>&.*!*A(0.2(#!
!0"+)&12&)-3)1"'!
B# =.!()*!)0C*!(&!()*!:/(*%,/559!1&-!:055!+/66!()%&->)!/!8/55*19!:/5C!()%&->)!/!,&%*6(9!/.3!
()*.!*'*%>*!,%&'!()*!(%**6!/(!()*!4/6*!&,!()*!:/(*%,/55#!!)$)&*)&'!
D# !@20*.(06(6!*6(0'/(*!()/(!/(!5*/6(!&.*!6+*20*6!>&*6!*A(0.2(!*8*%1!3/1#!!).3%$"&41+"(+5("&'!
E# F/.1!(&-%06(6!)0%*!/!>-03*!()/(!2/.!*A+5/0.!()*!6*2%*(6!&,!()*!*2&616(*'!/6!()*1!)0C*#!
!)67(%+"&'!
G# H&-!2/.!)*/%!()*!6&-.3!&,!()*!&2*/.!,%&'!1&-%!%&&'!0.!()*!)&(*5#1!).+5+0"&'!
I# J)*!+%02*6!:&.K(!4*!()06!5&:!,&%*8*%9!6&!1&-!6)&-53!)-%%1!/.3!4-1!1&-%!(%/8*5!+/2C/>*!
.&:L!!"75&"&.)'!
"M# @&'*!+*&+5*!)/8*!2-(!3&:.!(%**6!(&!0'+%&8*!()*0%!80*:!&,!()*!&2*/.#1!$)8,&"&'!
""# J)*!(%/8*5!+/2C/>*6!0.25-3*!/22&''&3/(0&.69!'*/56!/.3!(%/.6+&%(/(0&.#!!%-+(5%&'!
"7# J)*!:&'*.!0.!()*!8055/>*!:&%C!(&!+%&3-2*!6&'*!&,!N&6(/!O02/K6!,0.*6(!)/.3'/3*!2%/,(6#!
!7&,#5+%&'!
"<# J)*!(&:.!)/6!4**.!/45*!(&!+%&,0(!,%&'!()*!>%&:()!&,!(&-%06'!0.!()*!%*>0&.#!!."+"&1
7&,/)+0,1#)'!
"?# J)*!(&-%!2&'+/.1!:055!+%&803*!1&-!:0()!'/+69!'&6P-0(&!%*+*55/.(9!6-.62%**.!/.3!,%**!
4&((5*3!:/(*%!,&%!1&-%!)0C*#!!7&,7,&+%,-"&'!
"B# F/.1!N&6(/!O02/.!(&:.6!%*51!&.!(&-%06(6!,&%!()*0%!*2&.&'02!6(/4050(1#!!#)7)-#)&1#)'!
"D# Q(!()*!)&6(*5!1&-!2/.!6)/%*!/!%&&'!:0()!&()*%!>-*6(6!&%!+/1!*A(%/!(&!%*.(!1&-%!&:.!
+%08/(*!%&&'#!!+,$7"&3%&'!
"E# J)*%*!/%*!'/.1!+5/2*6!0.!:)02)!(&!6(/1!/5&.>!()*!4*/2)!0.!R-.(/%*./6#!!95)#"&.)'!
"G# J)*!(&-%!4-6!:055!(/C*!1&-!/6!,/%!/6!()*!N&2/!N&5/!4-6!(*%'0./5!0.!@/.!S&6*9!/.3!,%&'!
()*%*!1&-!'-6(!(%/.6,*%!(&!/!+-402!4-6#!!3&".("#"&'1!
Read the text. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence (36, 37, 38 and 39).
DEPARTURE GtTy: Aflanta $ SSS
PAGKAGE INGLLIDES:
. 2 nights accommodation at the Best Western lrazt, San Jos6 (1st & last)
-
o 3 nights accommodation at the Best Western Jac6, Jaco Beach
c Round-trip airfare to San Jos6
o Round-trip airport / hoteltransfers
o Round-trip San Jos6 / Jac6 Beach transfers
. All hoteltaxes & service charges
DAY 01: SAN JOSE:

Tourists will be welcomed at the airport and transferred to the hotel in San Jos6 by
a luxury bus.
DAY 02 - 04: JACO BEACH:
Tourists will enjoy 3 nights at the "Best Western Jac6". Wake up each morning
and enjoy the sounds of the ocean, take a swim, and enjoy a canopy tour swinging
through the trees of the jungle with monkeys and hundreds of different bird
species. After that, they can take a relaxing dip in the pool of the hotel or just
enjoy laying around the beach.
DAY 05: SAN JOSE:
Transfer back to the "Best Western lraz{" hotel. Visitor:s cari enjoy this beautiful
hotel and its amenities, while staying the last night in costa Rica.
DAY 06: SAN JOSE:
Tourists are transferred to the airport to take the flight back to the country of origin,
or they may choose to stay longer and enjoy a bit more of beautiful Costa Rica.
tN11-08 15
36) The package includes for the people
who take it.
A) some free facilities

B) free round transfers to San Jos6
C) accommodation at lraz0 Best Western
D) 2 nights in San Jos6, at the end of the trip
37) At the sea shore, tourists would be able to
A) enjoy a canopy
B) lay around,the pool
C) hearthe sounds ofthe ocean
D) enjoy the bestfrom tneiungle
33) On the sixth day, tourists
A) have to leave the hotel

B) have to stay at the hotel
C) must take the flight to their country
D) can:decide whether to stay or not in Costa Rica
39) Tourists have to take transportation to enjoy this trip.
A) tand and air

' B) air and water
C) air and public
D) land and water
|Nl1.08 't6
ooo
Tourism in Costa Rica
Costa Rica is considered a natural par.adise

because people can enjoy a great variety
of
microclimates and landscapes, fronr
smcking '.#
volcanoes and lush tropical jungles to
niarvelous t,eaches, vrith a diversit),
of floi.a ant
fauna. These naturar woncers wiil surprise
air nationar and intern ational travelers
Besides, this extraordinary biodiversity
is conrplemented by a v,ride offer cf
open ai
activities, ranging from bird Watching and
exci.;r.sicns along the beach,
where it i:
possible to dive in crystar crear waters,
take white rvater i-afting irips, travel
thror:gh the
jungle on foot, and stay in one
of the few hostels near there.
Tortuguero National Park, lraza Volcano
Nationa! park, and Manuel Antonio
Nationa
Park are amcng the mosi impcrtant natural
resFsGS. in the first park,
boat ride'through the Tortuguero canal u;; ";" i.l',.], ,
and admire its exuberant tropic";;";";;:,ir,
species of tortoises, and its lovely vrooden
houses painted in vivicJ
park !s located to the nerrh of cartago "oiorr. ;ir,* r*rono
and is one of inu *o=,;;;;;";r:;;rr"
Rica due to its "out of this worrd" runar
randscape,n*, *r,,";;;;:;;:.
ago' The latter park's natural beauty consists
of its three beaches, a tropicaljungle
with
immerse rubber plants, mangrove swamps
and the waters of the pecific, clotted by
small rocky islands with rich marine life,
and the cc,rcovado National park.
Adapted from "pestinos Maqazinql reading:
Based on text above, choose the appropriate
to 37) alternative to
"o*pr"t"
*-il r"ntenc. (trems
32) ln costa Rica, tourists can enjoy the
abunrience of frora anci fauna as rvell q;
A) renting parks
B) any type of business
C) great number of hodtels
D) alien-looking landscapes
11
i 33) :One of the opportunities that tourists have in Costa Rica is
A) hiking in the jungle
B) to enrich marine life
C) selling colorful boats
D) living in wooden houses
341' One of the sporting activities that tourists can experience.is
A) diving
B) watching turtles + .
C) visiting the jungle

D) playing indoor activities
35) The article mentions that Costa Rica is a
A) small country
B) beautiful place to visit
C) land with many divers
D) country with huge rocky islands
36) Tourists will be surprised by Costa Rica's
- A)
B)
large number of wooden houses
variety of flora and fauna
C) great arnount of visitors
D) lack of flora and fauna
37) Tourists will have a great chance to in Costa Rica.
A) admire wildlife
-, B) swim in private rivers
C) walk inside the vofcano
D) enjoy a singularly predominant climate
.- . lN31*-6n 12
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Homework Readings
Travel
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
fr
g
37) At My. Africa, visitors will find
A) tigers and lions '

B) two kinds of predators*
C) native and foreign species
D) dangerous animal encounters
.$
38) Onei .attraction of this place ,is
A) the harmony between lions

"
and tigers
B), to see animals running around
C) the danger of the predators
D) to visit African grounds
39) The zoo is

A) out of Costa Rican lands
B) inside an aquatic park
C) in a paradise in Africa
lJ) near "El Salto River'
...'
lN41-10 14
r:.
Read the i'nforma'tion rbelow.
Rental cars: j
'Agencies:are plentiful in,,Sa,fl, Jose- Among, others,'tourists may find ,Tropical,

Budget and Natlonal, All haye late-model vehicles from sgbrcompact to four:Wheef
all:terrain veh'icles:' Quality bf ser:vice and prices are reasonable.
: ::
..,: '':
Tortuguero National Park:

A jungle located,on the coast with a targe nr.rmber of wild animal species'tl1at qan
be seen while on boat tours, home to the Caribbean Conservation'Corporation and
sitebfgreensea'turtlenestirlg.',, .' ,' , ,ll ' ,, '
LankesterGarden:'':'' : "
It l'ras over 800 species .of. ,orchids:' Near Cartago city,, it is, nsw part of the
Hiking: : \ '" ,' '

'
. '
One day hikes are offered to tourists. Many

i are hikes tb volcanoes. Reliable
guid.esareavailable. ' ' !
Based on the information above, choose the correct option to complete, eagh sentence.
(ltems 34 to 39)
34) Turtle nestihg is one of the when discbvering Costa Rica.
A) reliable guides
B) main attractions
C) ,, valuable insights
D) high quality services
35) The cars you find in rental agencies are ' mode{s.
A) q particular'terrain
'. r l.
. :
'B) recent
D) old
.. .,, r j
,
lN21-09 ,: | 15
36)' You can appreciate, from.a'boat.
A) 800 species of orchids

B), 'uo,."no-eS. , . '
C):,,Cartago, , ,'
D),' ,wildlife ' ,: .i ., . :
':
37) An advantage of the hikesris that tourists , j i I i. ._ .
.I I -.' ' -
iA) ge-t a:valuable insight'oJ Tico lifestyle .f

ir'',1
', '', )
,.'B) are sgen ofl',?'bo?t,,.,
, l, ,,, ,,
c) get good guidance
'r ":_
D) get late-1nodels r ,' .. ., ,
:
38;: ,p""0 the information in the cfiart
1. lt is in Cartago, only.
2,, ' ,Th.e service,is verygood,
3, Most of them go to lhe volcanoes; '
r
4. Some animals lay eggs in this"place.

5. Use the public system to know about their habits.
Fro rn the,observation s a bove, s,taternents n umbe !' refer to a

car rqntal and to a national park, resplectively,
,1., :
A) 1and5
" :
B) 2and4
C) ,3and5' ,, ,' - , i
D) aand5
t:
i. 39) Visitors can wAtch in their habitat in, To(uguero

National Park. ' '
i
1+
i
i
i
i'
I
:i A) hundreds of orchids
i
I
B) green turtles only
C)
I
plenty of species
I
j.
i
i','
{'.::
D) a few species
i
i, i
i
tN21-09 16
'i
i,!'
.i
. Read the text bglow and choose the correct.alternative to complete each sentence.
36) All of the places

s4Y,'TDG"
A) serve champagne and caviar
B) are located near the sea
C) have swimming pools .
D) offer fruits and flower
37)
, The,three packages are just for
lt._
A) swimmers I
.
B) movie stars
C) ocean viewers
D)
:
honeymooners
38) Mi Casita offers the . ",+. Package-
A) longest
B) shortest
C) iheapest
D) most expensive
39) The three packages include , ,, , ,
A) breakfast
B) flowers
'C) dinner
D) wine
17
Read the text below and choose the appropria_te alternative to complete each sentence.
1ttems from 34 to 36). ,
34) You.will find tn

most r.ural dreas.,
A) lChespiritos" ,
B) QominicalBeach
C) a beautiful panorama
D) : large rice plantations
35) It ti*es to go
'
on a. tour from high .lands to sea
Have you ever traveled arbund'rural areas level lands in Costa Rica.
'i
in Costa Rica? Well,'l find that Some of the
most relaxing 'experiences are certainly A) a cguple of minutes
towns in the countryside,.
visit!.ng. small B) more than a day.
stopping at a 'lpulperia" for a soft drink, C) less than a day
enjoying the surrounding , scenery, 'and D) a few days
talking"to hardworking country people.
You do not have to.go too far, A round trip
: l+:;.
of just a few hours will allow'you to tour 36) The author considers counlryside
tourisT'a(n)
severai small towns from the mountains to
. expeflence.
the sea. What about having breakfast at
"Chebpiritos" ,in the misty highiands of A) very exciting
"Cerro de la fvluerte'; where delicious B) extenuating
omelets, homemade eheese tortillas, and C) peaceful
sour cream are typically served with hot D) stressful
coffee or chocolate?
lf you continue on south to P6r9z Zeled6n,

' you wltl get to the District of San lsidro, one
of the most prospqrous agricultural areas in
the courltry. On the way, you can enjoy the
sight of large coffee, sygar cane qnd iice
plantations:
j . l
' About an hgur southwest of San tsidro yotl

, wilt find Dominical Beach. Dominical will
:invite you
!o enjoy Jhe nice warm weathef
and the beach.
tN'1:1-09 15
Corcovado
Located in the Southwest of Costa Rica, Corcovado National Park is a popular tourist
destination in that country. It is popular because of its incredible biological diversity, and
is considered one of the most biologically diverse places on the earth. The park contains
one of the few large areas of lowland tropical rainforests in the world. This is the cause of
the parks biological diversity, and allows for animals like tapirs, jaguars, monkeys,
caiman, anteaters, and sloths to inhabit the park. Another reason for the biodiversity is
that Costa Rica is part of the so-called land bridge that connects North and South
America.
This famous park covers an area of 425 square kilometers on the Osa Peninsula. It was
created in 1975 by President Daniel Oduber. This was done to help prevent logging,
which had been proposed by some international logging companies. Although it was
protected from this threat, the modern day threat of tourism is becoming more
problematic. Even though tourists bring funds to help protect the area, their presence is
now threatening the survival of some of the animals in the park.
1. ___________________ created Corcovado National Park.
2. Corcovado National Park is located in the ______________ part of Costa Rica
3. There are no current threats to the park. True False
4. Corcovado National Park contains lowland tropical rainforest. True False
5. Give two reasons for the biological diversity in Corcovado National Park:
________________________ __________________________
6. Which of the following pairs of animals are found in the park?

a. tapirs and elephants
b. jaguars and monkeys
c. alligators and sloths
d. bats and lemurs
Monteverde Cloud Forest
Located in the Tilarn mountain range on the border between the provinces of
Puntarenas and Alajuela, the Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve is one of the most
popular tourist destinations in Costa Rica. The Tilarn mountain range runs from north to
south in the Northwest region of Costa Rica. The preserve contains over 10,500 hectares
of tropical rainforest. It was founded in 1972, by a group of scientists from the United
States with the help of some local scientists as a private reserve. These scientists used
their own money to buy some of the land, and were able to get other land donated from
American settlers and locals. Its first use was for scientific research.
Today, the preserve is visited by about 70,000 tourists each year. They come to
see the various forms of plant and animal life, especially the many different types of
frogs, lizards, and snakes. One animal visitors can no longer see is the golden toad, which
was native to the area, but disappeared in the 1980s. Another aspect of the preserve that
attracts tourists is the most diverse collection of orchids, a type of flower, in the world.
There are over 500 different types of orchids in the Monteverde Preserve.
Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve is located in which mountain range:

a. Tilarn
b. Talamanca
c. Central
d. Guanacaste
When did the golden toad disappear from Monteverde?

a. 1970s
b. 1972
c. 1980s
d. 1990s
The Monteverde Preserve has the largest variety of _________ on the planet
a. toads
b. lizards
c. orchids
d. flowers
Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve contains:

a. mangrove forests
b. grasslands
c. tropical plains
d. tropical rainforest
Who created the Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve: ____________________________
In what year was Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve created: _____________
What was the original purpose of the Monteverde Preserve: _______________________

Lankester Botanical Garden
Visitors, especially those from northern climes, will be delighted by the Lankester
Botanical Garden, located about a half-hours drive from San Jos. Although the ground
back home might be blanketed by snow, at Lankester it is always spring, and orchids
bloom all year around. In the gardens trees and greenhouses, about 800 of Costa Ricas
1,400 species of orchids thrive, along with a spectacular collection of showy, native
bromeliads, bamboo, heliconias, palms and cacti. Peak blooming season for the orchid is
from February to May, but visitors are assured of finding blossoms any month of the
year. Well-tended air trails wind through natural tunnels of bamboo, across rustic
bridges, lead to a small butterfly park and a stand of secondary tropical forest. The garden
was originally founded by British naturalist Charles H. Lankester, and it is maintained
today by the University of Costa Rica. Guided tours are given daily from 9 a.m. to 3:30
p.m.
1. What is the main attraction of Lankester Botanical Garden? The _____________.

a. drive from San Jos
b. delightful visitors
c. orchid collection
d. rustic collection
2. What kinds of scenery is it possible to find in Lankester Garden?

a. greenhouses and a butterfly park
b. natural and British tunnels
c. tropical forests and snow
d. rustic bridges and peaks
3. When do people visit Lankester Botanical Garden?

a. only from February to May
b. from 3:30 p.m. to 9 a.m.
c. on any day of the week
d. only during spring
4. Who is in charge of Lankester Botanical Garden?

a. The University of Costa Rica
b. Charles H. Lankester
c. British naturalists
d. tour guides
!"##$%&'(&)*#"+#"#&+%,&-..%"##"#&
!
!
& -%#/012/*$%+.&#"31"%2"& 4+/"0*+.#&
"#$%&!%'&!()*&+!,-!+&.&#)/!0,**,(!$//(&++&+!,(!%'&!1,)#2!3$%'!#,,*! !
1&/,3!%'&*!-,#!+&.&#)/!+4*5%,*+6!7$(&!%'&!+%82&(%+!85!#&/)49+%4/&!$(! $//(&++9#&/)%&2!
:!%&)*+!)(2!5/)0&!)!0')$#!,#!%)1/&!)%!%'&!1&;$(($(;!,-!&)0'!/$(&6!<8%! 3,#2+!)(2!
5$&0&+!,-!%)5&!)(2!0)#2+!3$%'!+4*5%,*+!)(2!#&/)%&2!3,#2+!3#$%%&(!,(! +4*5%,*!0)#2+!
%'&*!,(!&)0'!%)1/&6!=)0'!%&)*>+!0)#2+!+',8/2!1&!)!2$--&#&(%!0,/,#6!! !
! *)+@$(;!%)5&!
?'&!-$#+%!+%82&(%!$(!&)0'!/$(&!+',8/2!%)@&!)!0)#2!)(2!)!5$&0&!,-!%)5&! !
)(2!#8(!%,!5/)0&!$%!8(2&#!$%+!0,##&+5,(2$(;!$//(&++!,(!%'&!1,)#26!A-! !
'&B+'&!$+!8(+8#&C!'&B+'&!+',8/2!)+@!'$+B'&#!%&)**)%&+!-,#!'&/56!
"'&(!%'&!%&)*+!').&!-$($+'&2C!;,!,.&#!%'&!5/)0&*&(%!,-!%'&!
+4*5%,*+!,(!%'&!1,)#2!)(2!2$+08++!%'&!*&)($(;!,-!&)0'!3,#26!?)@&!
4$/*5+/*$%& $*5#,5&#/495/)0&2!0)#2+!2,3(!)(2!#&%8#(!%'&*!%,!%'&$#!%&)*+!-,#!
%'&*!%,!5/)0&!%'&*!0,##&0%/46!!
!
D)%&;,#$&+E!!
)"%61"E!1,24!)0'&+C!'&)2)0'&C!&4&!5)$(C!1#&)@1,(&!-&.&#C!()8+&)C!
.,*$%$(;!
4+.+0*+E!*,+F8$%,!1$%&C!+%);()(%!3)%&#C!$(+&0%!#&5&//&(%C!-&.&#!
7*%6"&"+/*%6&,*#$0,"0E!/,++!,-!+&/-!0,(%#,/C!%,,!*80'!-,,2C!,1&+$%4!
)"80"##*$%E!+)2(&++C!',5&/&++(&++C!$(+,*($)C!/,++!,-!)55&%$%&C!)(;&#!
9:0$%*2&;+/*61"&#<%,0$="E!-&&/$(;!%$#&2C!+,#&!%'#,)%C!+,#&!*8+0/&+C!
/,++!,-!0,(0&(%#)%$,(!
71.*=*+E!8(0,(%#,//&2!&)%$(;C!58#;$(;!
A(!5)$#+C!+%82&(%+!+',8/2!3,#@!%,!*)%0'!2&+0#$5%$,(+!3$%'!$//(&++9 !
#&/)%&2!(,8(+6!G&.$&3!)(+3&#+!)+!)!0/)++6! !
! !
?8#(!%,!%'&!$//(&++9#&/)%&2!.&#1+!5);&!)(2!').&!+%82&(%+!3,#@!)/,(&! !
%,!#&)2!%'#,8;'!%'&!+&(%&(0&+!)(2!0,*&!85!3$%'!)!H5)($+'!%#)(+/)%$,(! !
-,#!&)0'!1,/2&2!.&#16!I,!,.&#!%'&!)(+3&#+!)+!)!0/)++6!!J).&!+%82&(%+! $(-,#*)%$,(!
0,##&0%!%'&$#!)(+3&#+!)(2!@&&5!%#)0@!,-!',3!*)(4!%'&4!)(+3&#&2! 5)0@&%+!
0,##&0%/46! !
! #&3)#2+!L0)(24M!
-%;$0=+/*$%& J).&!%'&!+%82&(%+!/$(&!85!8+$(;!%'&$#!(8*1&#!,-!0,##&0%!)(+3&#+C!-#,*! !
/,3&+%!%,!'$;'&+%6!K,/2!%'&!/$(&!)(2!5)#%(&#!%'&!+%82&(%+!856!LJ$;'&+%! !
)(2!/,3&+%!+%82&(%!3$//!1&!%,;&%'&#M6!! !
! !
"$%'!%'&+&!(&3!5)#%(&#+C!').&!+%82&(%+!%8#(!%,!%'&!5);&!)1,8%!$//(&++9! !
)(2!2&*,0#)049#&/)%&2!)2N&0%$.&+6!?'&4!+',8/2!3,#@!%,;&%'&#!%,!#&)2! !
%'&!+4(,(4*+C!+&/&0%!)(!=(;/$+'!)(%,(4*C!)(2!%#)(+/)%&!%'&!,#$;$()/!
)2N&0%$.&!$(%,!H5)($+'6!I$.&!%'&!+%82&(%+!)!+&%!)*,8(%!,-!%$*&!%,!
0,*5/&%&!%'$+!%)+@!)+!)!0,*5&%$%$,(6!G&.$&3!%'&!)(+3&#+!)(2!#&3)#2!
%'&!%&)*!3$%'!%'&!*,+%!0,##&0%!)(+3&#+6!
?8#(!%,!%'&!5#)0%$0&!%&O%+!)(2!%&//!%'&!+%82&(%+!%')%!%'&4!3$//!').&!PQ!
*$(8%&+!%,!#&)2!%'&!%3,!%&O%+!)(2!)(+3&#+!%'&!F8&+%$,(+6!?'&4!3$//! !
3,#@!$(2$.$28)//4!)(2!+',8/2!(,%&!%'&!/$(&!3'&#&!&)0'!)(+3&#!0)(!1&! $(-,#*)%$,(!
>0+2/*2"& .&#$-$&26!! 5)0@&%+!
! !
G&.$&3!%'&!)(+3&#+!)+!)!0/)++!)(2!').&!+%82&(%+!'&/5!,(&!)(,%'&#! '$;'/$;'%&#+!
/,0)%&!%'&!0,##&0%!)(+3&#+!3$%'$(!%'&!%&O%6!
R+!',*&3,#@C!%'&!+%82&(%+!+',8/2!#&)2!)(2!#&+5,(2!%,!%'&!5#)0%$0&! %&O%+!%,!#&)2!)%!
?88.*2+/*$%&
%&O%+6!! ',*&!
!
!
"#$%&'(!)!*+#*&,#! !
"=! "!.&"3'.!2%4+,2&,!'."'!*"54&4!47&*%0%*!4(97'+94!
-&."/%+,! !
-=! "#!"-#+,9"33(!.%1.!-+2(!'&97&,"'5,&!
-&#&0%'! !
*=! "!7.",9"*&5'%*"3!7,&7","'%+#!
-%#1&! !
2=! "!2+*'+,!'."'!0+*54&4!+#!"!47&*%0%*!-+2(!7",'!+,!%33#&44!
-%,'.!2&0&*'! !
&=! 7.(4%*"3!4500&,%#1!*"54&2!-(!"#!%#85,(!+,!%33#&44!
-3&&2%#1! !
0=! '.&!<"(!%#!<.%*.!"!7&,4+#!+,!1,+57!+0!7&+73&!3%/&4!
-3++2! !
1=! 4+9&'.%#1!2+#&!%#!&$*&44!%#!"!4.+,'!7&,%+2!+0!'%9&!
-+#&! !
.=! "!,&2!",&"!+#!"!7&,4+#>4!4;%#!'."'!*"#!-&!%'*.(!
*"4&! ! %=! '.&!',"#49%44%+#!+0!"#!%#0&*'%+54!2%4&"4&!
*"54&! ! 8=! "!0%#%'&!7&,%+2!%#!<.%*.!4+9&+#&!%4!"00&*'&2!-(!"#!%33#&44!!
2&"'.! ! ;=! <.&#!7",'!+0!'.&!-+2(!-&*+9&4!,&2?!.+'!"#2!4<+33&#!
2&0%*%&#*(! ! 3=! "!,&2!3%:5%2!'."'!*%,*53"'&4!%#!"#%9"34>!/&%#4!"#2!",'&,%&4!
2%4&"4&! ! 9=! "!/&,(!(+5#1!*.%32!+,!-"-(!
2%4+,2&,! ! #=! "!954*53",!+,1"#!'."'!75974!-3++2!'.,+51.!'.&!-+2(!
2%66%#&44! ! +=! 2%00%*53'(!+,!7,+-3&94!
2,51! !
7=! "!0&&3%#1!+0!<+,,(?!#&,/+54#&44!+,!5#&"4&!
&#&,1(! !
:=! 9&2%*"3!*",&!1%/&#!'+!"!4%*;!+,!%#85,&2!7"'%&#'!
&7%4+2&! !
,=! '++!95*.!+0!4+9&'.%#1!
&$*&44! !
4=! "!-+2(>4!9"44!
&$&,*%4&! !
'=! "!7.(4%*"3!+,!9&#'"3!0&"'5,&!'."'!%#2%*"'&4!"#!%33#&44!
0&&3%#1! !
5=! '.&!"*'!+0!2(%#1!+,!-&%#1!;%33&2@!'.&!&#2!+0!3%0&!
0&/&,! !
/=! 7.(4%*"3!"*'%/%'(!*",,%&2!+5'!'+!9"%#'"%#!.&"3'.!+,!0%'#&44!
.&"2"*.&! !
<=! '.&!*+#2%'%+#!+0!-&%#1!7,&1#"#'!
.&",'! !
$=! 7"%#!+,!"*.%#1!%#!"!7",'!+0!'.&!-+2(!
%33#&44! !
(=! '.&!,&"4+#!-&.%#2!"!*+#2%'%+#!
%#0"#'! !
6=! "#!"''"*;!*"54&2!-(!"#!%#'&,,57'%+#!+0!-3++2!'+!'.&!-,"%#!
%#0&*'%+#! ! A=! "!7",'!+0!'.&!-+2(!<.&,&!'<+!-+#&4!0%'!'+1&'.&,!
8+%#'! !
B=! "!2%4,57'%+#!+0!'.&!-+2(>4!#+,9"3!05#*'%+#!
3"$"'%/&! ! C=! 4'+77%#1!4+9&'.%#1!0,+9!."77&#%#1!%#!'.&!05'5,&!
3%0&4'(3&! ! D=! 7%&*&4!+0!.",2?!<.%'&!'%445&!'."'!9";&!57!'.&!4;&3&'+#!
9&2%*"'%+#! ! E=! 7.(4%*"3!+,!&9+'%+#"3!.&37!+00&,&2!'+!4+9&+#&!
954*3&! ! F=! "!7.(4%*"3!+,!9&#'"3!"-#+,9"3%'(!"!-"-(!%4!-+,#!<%'.!
#"54&"! ! G=! "!0&&3%#1!+0!4%*;#&44!+,!<"#'%#1!'+!/+9%'!
7"%#! ! H=! '.&!<"(!%#!<.%*.!"!7&,4+#!"*'4!+,!*+#25*'4!+#&4&30!
7,&1#"#*(! ! I=! "!*+#'%#5+54!7"%#!%#!'.&!.&"2!
7,&/&#'%+#! ! AJ=! "!4&#4"'%+#!+0!47%##%#1!"#2!3+4%#1!+#&>4!-"3"#*&!
:5"#'%'(! ! AA=! "!45-4'"#*&!'."'!2%4*+5,"1&4!%#4&*'4!0,+9!"77,+"*.%#1!
,"4.! ! AB=! "!9&2%*%#&!'+!4'%953"'&!'.&!05#*'%+#!+0!'.&!-+<&34!
,&7&33&#'! ! AC=! "!47&*%0%*!%#4'"#*&!+0!2%4&"4&!+,!+'.&,!7,+-3&9!
4%2&!&00&*'! ! AD=! "#!%#8&*'%+#!54&2!'+!7,&/&#'!"!2%4&"4&!
4+,&#&44! ! AE=! '.&!&4*"7&!+0!-3++2!0,+9!'.&!-+2(!
47&*%"3%4'! ! AF=! '%445&!'."'!*+#',"*'4!'+!"33+<!9+/&9&#'!%#!'.&!-+2(!
4',+;&! ! AG=! "#!&9+'%+#!+,!4&#4"'%+#!
4577+,'! ! AH=! "#!"9+5#'!+0!4+9&'.%#1!
4<&33%#1!)!%#03"99"'%+#! ! AI=! '.&!4',&#1'.!,&:5%,&2!0+,!9&#'"3!"#2!7.(4%*"3!"*'%/%'(!
4(97'+9! ! BJ=! "!45-4'"#*&!54&2!0+,!9&2%*"3!',&"'9&#'!
',&"'9&#'! ! BA=! "#!"2/"#'"1&!1"%#&2!0,+9!4+9&'.%#1!
',+5-3&! !
BB=! "!3"*;!+,!4.+,'"1&!+0!4+9&'.%#1!
/"**%#"'%+#! !
BC=! "!4&*+#2",(!&00&*'!+0!"!2,51!+,!9&2%*"3!',&"'9&#'!
<&%1.'! !
BD=! "!2%4&"4&!+,!4%*;#&44!"00&*'%#1!'.&!-+2(!+,!9%#2!
!
!"#$"#%"&'#&(#)*'+,&& -./#+*/$'0#&'#&!1/#'+,&
!"#$%&'"(#)'*+'),+--.)/+0+-&+)1(2(-+00.)2'$") )
3%-&21)'*()*"%-#)4('5((2)3+-6)+23)3%#67))
89)."%)(+')'"")$%&,60.:)+);&(,()"9)9""3)/+.)1(') )
,+%1*')&2)."%-)'*-"+')+23),+%#()."%)'")%,03"7)
89)."%)+-()9((0&21)3(;-(##(3)"-)+2<&"%#:)&')&#) )
&/;"-'+2')'")%0445#'%/$")'*(#()9((0&21#)'")."%-)
3",'"-7)
=&,6);(";0()#*"%03)1")'")'*(),0&2&,)#")'*+')+)3",'"-) )
,+2)6'/)#0+")'*(&-)&002(##7)
>*()"20.)5+.)'")"./6'%/$")/+0+-&+)+23)3(21%()&2) )
."%-)+-(+)&#)4.)1(''&21)-&3)"9)/+0+-&+)4-((3&21)
1-"%23#7))
?"%)#*"%03),+00)+)3",'"-)&9)."%)7""*)#&,67) )
)
!"#$%&'"(#),+2)'#7"%$)+);(-#"2)5&'*)/+0+-&+7) )
8'@#)&/;"-'+2')'")40#'$0.)."%-)3+&0.)&2'+6()"9) )
,+0"-&(#7)
>*()/+2)5"-6(3)*+-3)'")08".%04")*&#)+33&,'&"2) )
'")+0,"*"07)
A,'&"2)/%#')4()'+6(2)'")1."8"#$)'*()#;-(+3)"9) )
3(21%(7)
B(";0()'*+')#%99(-)5&'*)4%0&/&+)%#%+00.)15.)":)"-) )
C"/&':)+9'(-)(+'&217)
>*()#./;'"/#)"9)3(21%()."+"42*")'*"#()"9)'*() )
90%7)
!"#');(";0()0&6()'")+*""1)+')0(+#')#(C(2)*"%-#) )
(C(-.)2&1*'7)
>*()3(+30.)3&#(+#()+1."/6)'*-"%1*"%')D"#'+)E&,+) )
&2)0(##)'*+2)+)5((67)
="/()3",'"-#)1&C()'*(&-);+'&(2'#)3-%1#)'") )
+$'45*/$")'*(&-)(/"'&"2#7)
>*()&2F%-.)'")*&#)*(+3),+%#(3)*&/)'")+577".) )
'-(/(23"%#);+&27)
>*()5"/+2)#'+-'(3)'")90..:)5*(2)#*()3(C(0";(3) )
+)0+-1()-+#*7)
)
!
9*..!*,!'0$!"#:$+'*1$!*,!;3",*(0<!",#!'0$,!)*,#!'0$!",'/,42!*,!=,7.*(0>!
!"#$%&'($)'*) !"#$%&'($)'*) +3*4*35)'*) !*&4*35)'*)

+,-*'./) 0*12'./) 0*12'./) 0*12'./)
! "#$%&"'$! (&))*+*$,'! !
! +"-$)&.! +"&'*/&(! !
! +0-/,*+! +/,('",'! !
! $))$+'*1$!! (&++$(()&.! !
! $(($,'*".! *23/-'",'! !
! )"'".! #$"#.4! !
! 0$".'04! ,&'-*'*/&(! !
! ,$-1/&(!! ",5*/&(! !
! /6$($! )"'! !
! /6.*7"'/-4! 2",#"'/-4! !
! 3$"+$)&.! '-",%&*.! !
! 304(*+".! 6/#*.4! !
! 3-/(3$-/&(! 8$".'04! !
! (")$! ($+&-$! !
! ($1$-$! "+&'$! !
! ('-*+'! ($1$-$! !
! '$23/-"-4! ,/,3$-2",$,'! !
! '*-$#! $50"&('$#! !
! &,+/2)/-'"6.$! 3"*,)&.! !
! &,+/,'-/..$#! +0"/'*+! !
&,*23/-'",'! +"-$.$((! 3$-2",$,'!

2*,/-! &,0$".'04! -$."5$#!
+/,'-/..$#! 0/('*.$! .$,*$,'!
3//-! '$23/-"-4! +/2)/-'"6.$!
*,"#$%&"'$! /3'*/,".! &,(")$!
0"-2.$((! *,$))$+'*1$! '0*,!
2$,'".! $,$-7$'*+!
r
-{ Jl'
q
r}
Read thetext below.
DEPffiSSION, AiIOTHER SILEI{T ENEIIIY
According to specialists, common depression could be considered a temporary

feeling. lt could also become a relevant disease.
. :a t
Depression could be considered a state of mind when there is an
extemal event that explains the feeling: a divorce, a car crash,
a financial crash or tre death of a loved one. ln these
*asbs,
depression is a natura!responeeto a grief"
As 1, sedous medicaf'cordition,' depression is an extended
,tim.'of sadneEs'wtthsgt :an..evident external reason or a
disproportionate gioom* in relation to the event (like being sad
about a car crash beyond 15 days). ln such o6sa; depression appears with loss
of appetite, insomnia and sleepiness.
lf you find someone in deprbssion, the foflotrrrirqiquestions co-uld'help him/her:

r ls there any external event that explains this fteling?
. .How long'has he/she been indepression? , " ,
o Was he/she diagnosed before with any important {isease?

ln fact, suggesting simple activities'like enjoy,iqg the sun, walking, and watching
funny TV programs could help to ease the problem until the person finOs propei
medical treatment.
*Gloom:
a feetingof sadness orhopelessness
Adapted from "Costa Rica Today"
p.ased.-o1the text above', choose the appropriate alternative to answer each question.
(ltems 40 to 44) ,
40) tA/hat can be the cause of minor depression?
A)' Laziness
B) Boredom
C) An important loss
D) Any ex{ernalevent
lN11-09
4L) tf.rlhat ie the rrqit impo4ant thing, g,pelson.should
oo it he/she suftrs from sedous
depression? To r:l:
.'lit.,,
.;;.:*#il
el *.ldfit,n rnihrbr depiegbitln:&1*eilcr$eC ? As

...i
'.ti.,'r': i;i
r ,.;lE'
A! a phy:siual.dlseata
B) "' :'" "
proloiigeclunhappirr,bss .:
c) epssifi$,sboffiyfeelirg ' : ,* ,',, :
$ Ec*p,@*,.&lifa.d *,: ,,,1 ..,,, , ,i
',:.. ,:,.rii;:lirrrsrir:i:ltr
' .::l ,.
I:::.i
{3}' What eouH'bC' siqaeU a tymptom of serref,d*.ptF9one
,",,"A! -,#**|*1 ;'' r:i.::: .r';r:.:', i

B} have a car cragh
,clD) go thro4h a divorce .
r..li'i
Fel turelong tirne
44) Vvhat s.hould people with persistent depression symptorns

do untilthey see a dodor?
They should .
lt.: , .i l, ':: . ..: , :" rr. ,, r.i:r i ? :i:ij i-! ...''..',":
A) uork,hard .,
B) carry ort relaxing ac*ivities

C) leam.abbut.rnirmr;diEeas , ,,,
D) . alroid rvatchirq funnyprggram$
lNl1{s 18
l-
Read the text. Choose the correct option to answer each question (40,41,42,43 and 44).
40) Based on the text, for whom is folic acid

SOME BENEFITS OF FOLIC ACID essential?
Whether you're courting pregnahcy
or not, the time to think about A) For no one
adequate intake of folic acid for both

B) For all men and women
C) lt's essentialfor little kids
men and women is now. Deficiency
D) For a few pregnant women
of folate can precipitate excess blood
levels of the amino acid
homocysteine, a known risk factor
41) What can folate insufficiency provoke?
for heart diseases, strokes and some A) Anemia

forms of cancer. B) Diabetes
According to Dr. Godfrey Oakley, C) Heart attacks
director of the division of pirth D) Breathing problems
lefects and developmental

disabilities at the U.S. Centers for 42) According to Mr. Oakley, what could be
Disease Control, research findings possible if people intakefolic acid?
here indicate that adequate folate A) Deaths can be avoided.
intake . could prevent approximately B) lnfants may be affected.
50,000 deaths from heart attack C) Birth defects may increase.
each year in the United States. D) Cancers'symptoms can get worse.
Folate deficiency increases the risk
of colon and cervical cancer, and 43) How often can folate bie taken?
reduces the body's supply of a
A) Yeady
special protein which is a potent
B) Weekly
ingredient of our own built in
c) Everyday
anticancer defense system. Folic D) Every month
acid is nontoxic, and the
recommended daily intake is 400
44) Where has research about folic acid
micrograms. lt is possible to
been done?
consume this amount of.folate if you
are carefulto maintain a healthy diet. A) In different U.S clinics
B) Where DrOakley works
c) At birth control institutes
D) ln all American institutes
tN11-08 17
-'f_1----'.-''.
ri
Read the text below
"BREAKBONE" FEVER?
Breakbone Fever is an acute viral infectibn characterized by

the symptor.n of fever. lt is also named Dengue Fever.
Breakbone Fever is caused by a bite from mosquitoes
h\ carrying the Dengue virus. The first indication is a skin

rash and high fever with severe pain in the head and
HI
|/ muscles. Other symptoms may include shaking chills,
dianhea, and vomiting.
The secondary fonns of this disorder are called Dengue
Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrorne. These are usually caused by a
secondary infection with a different type of Dengue virus (Type 2). Several days
after the virus attacks, other symptoms may include fever, bleeding under the skin,
"A
red spots on the legs, and bleeding in the intestines. marked fall in blood pressure
(shock) occurs in very severe cases.
Dengue mosquitoes breed in containers that hold water, such as: buckets, discarded
tires, plastic bags, plant bases, boats, tin cans, plastic containers, roof gutterings and
rainwater tanks. The Dengue mosquito does not breed in riverc, open drains, creeks
or mangroves.' The best form to control this mosquito is to get rid of all mosquito
breeding sites around the home
Based on the information above, choose the correct option to answer each question.
(ltems 40 to 44)
40) How do people usually get infected with Deilgue Hemonhagic Fever?
By
A) eating contaminated food

B) a different type of Dengue virus
C) drinking water from rainwater tanks
D) the same virus that causes Typel Dengue
tN21-09 , 17
&t,,
h
*&
41) What ii the beet uray to prevent Dengue? lo
A) stay away frorn rivers : ..
;l,'
B) get rid of plastic bags at home

C) war.h your hands before e?ting
D) destroy mosguito breeding sites
42) lAJhst mav bC a sqnptol of Primary ffypell *iue?, ,,
'r.;f
r j-
.,.Efqed.i0gr,'.,,,!
l',
A). , ,. ', :!1ii
B) Red spots on the bgs lr"
G)
,
Very low bld pr,gesure
DI,,. $ore rnuscles and.bee4 ,
::! :,r:j: :at :l :t:t:' ::!jt:
.....
43) Horrv is tfie Breakborie Fever related
It'$
A), sirnllarto
B) just the same as
.C) very different fror* .
D)
,,:,,
abOutthE same as
i ' .i
4$' ,T{ yutft* *mt*t syryptqrn,caq by a qgcord1ry in&ction of,Dengue-virus?
A) Shock
B). Headq
C) Minclr&te:,
D) i/luscl**r*e '',
.:.
; i .
' -1.
:,.
j'
'' i':'
l}*rs :.,
:
:t
ir'
!"##$%&'()&*"+$,-.,/&
!
&
& 0%#1-2,13$%.4&#"52"%,"& 6.1"-3.4#&
6$137.13$%& ! !
"#$%!$&%'(#)%!*$+,,-%!$.%/%01!2.34!)%(5/&#/6'&%-#3%)!75+70! )%(5/&#/6!
57!34%!85#&)9!:.03&.8+3%!34%.&!(#3/4%0;!34%!)%<.7.3.570;!#(57=! $+,,-%!$.%/%0!
34%!03+)%730!#7)!.703&+/3!34%(!35!<.7)!34%!(#3/4!#7)!3#$%!34%! !
)%0/&.$3.57!7%>3!35!.3!57!34%!85#&)9!! 3#$%!
! !
0%8$-+.13$%& !
?%#)!34&5+=4!34%!25&)0!#7)!)%<.7.3.570;!).0/+00.7=!34%.&!
(%#7.7=0!#7)!#--52.7=!03+)%730!35!<.--!34%!75+70!.7!7%>3!35!34%! .7<5&(#3.57!
)%<.7.3.570!57!34%.&!04%%309!! $#/A%30!
! !
"+&7!35!34%!)%(5/&#/6'&%-#3%)!@%&80!$#=%!#7)!4#@%!34%! !
03+)%730!25&A!.7!=&5+$0!35!&%#)!34%!0%73%7/%0!#7)!0%-%/3!34%! !
/5&&%/3!@%&8!.7!B$#7.049!?%@.%2!#0!#!/-#009!
!
9-.,13,"& !
C.@%!34%!03+)%730!DE!(.7+3%0!35!&%#)!34%!325!3%>30!#7)!
#702%&0!34%!F+%03.570!.7!$#&37%&09!"4%6!045+-)!753%!34%!-.7%!.7!
.7<5&(#3.57!
34%!7%>3!24%&%!%#/4!#702%&!/#7!8%!@%&.<.%)9!!
$#/A%30!
!
!
?%@.%2!34%!#702%&0!#0!#!/-#00!#7)!4#@%!03+)%730!4%-$!57%!
#7534%&!-5/#3%!34%!/5&&%/3!#702%&0!2.34.7!34%!3%>39!
!
:;;43,.13$%& !
G0!45(%25&A;!34%!03+)%730!045+-)!&%#)!#7)!&%0$57)!35!34%! 3%>30!35!&%#)!#3!
$&#/3./%!3%>309!! 45(%!
!
!
!
!
"#$%!&%!'%()&*+! ,-.&%&/&#%!&%!'%()&*+!
! "!#$%&'(%%!)*!)*+"'&,"-&)'!(%-"#.&%/(0!-)!1*)2&0(!"!%(*2&3(!
! -/(!"*4(0!5)*3(%!)5!"!3)$'-*6!
! -/(!1)7(*!-)!+&2(!)*0(*%8!4"9(!0(3&%&)'%!"'0!('5)*3(!)#(0&('3(!
! "!1&(3(!)5!1"1(*!$%(0!-)!*(3)*0!%)4()'(:%!2)-(!
! "!1(*%)'!7/)!&%!')4&'"-(0!5)*!"'!(.(3-&)'!
! "!.(+".!4(4#(*!)5!"!3)$'-*6!
! "!1(*%)'!&'!"$-/)*&-6!)2(*!-*))1%!)*!4&.&-"*6!
! "!'"-&)'!7&-/!&-%!)7'!+)2(*'4('-!
! "!%6%-(4!)5!+)2(*'4('-!&'!7/&3/!-/(!1()1.(!(.(3-!-/(&*!*(1*(%('-"-&2(%!
! "!*$.(*!7&-/!-)-".!1)7(*!)2(*!"!3)$'-*6!
! "!4)*".!)*!.(+".!)#.&+"-&)';!"!*(%1)'%&#&.&-6!
! -/(!)*+"'&,(0!1*)3(%%!)5!(.(3-&'+!4(4#(*%!)5!"!1).&-&3".!#)06!
! -/(!%6%-(4!#6!7/&3/!1).&-&3".!*(1*(%('-"-&2(%!"*(!(.(3-(0!
! (<$".&-6!)*!=$%-&3(!
! .&#(*-6!5*)4!5)*(&+'!0)4&'"-&)'!
! -/(!%6%-(4!#6!7/&3/!"!'"-&)'!&%!+)2(*'(0!
! -/(!<$".&-6!)5!#(&'+!/)'(%-!)*!-(..&'+!-/(!-*$-/!
! "'!&41)*-"'-!-)1&3!)*!1*)#.(4!5)*!0(#"-(!)*!0&%3$%%&)'!
! "!*$.(!-/"-!*(%-*&3-%!-/(!"3-&)'%!)5!4(4#(*%!)5!"!%)3&(-6!
! "!1(*%)'!7/)!.("0%!)*!3)44"'0%!"!+*)$1!)*!)*+"'&,"-&)'!
! "!*(%-*&3-&)'!)'!-/(!"4)$'-!)5!%)4(-/&'+!
! "'!"%%(4#.6!)5!1()1.(!
! "'!&'0&2&0$".!#(.)'+&'+!-)!"!+*)$1!
! "!%4"..!+*)$1!)5!1()1.(!7&-/&'!"!%)3&(-6!
! -/(!7*)'+!)*!&41*)1(*!$%(!)5!1)7(*!
! "!1"*-&3$."*!"--&-$0(!)*!7"6!)5!3)'%&0(*&'+!"!4"--(*!
! "!1).&-&3".!+*)$1!-/"-!"--(41-%!-)!-"9(!1"*-!&'!+)2(*'4('-!
! -/(!1."3(!7/(*(!2)-(%!"*(!3"%-!&'!"'!(.(3-&)'!
! "!5((.&'+!)5!0((1!%"-&%5"3-&)'!"#)$-!)'(:%!"3/&(2(4('-%!
! "!-/&'+!-/"-!&%!*(+"*0(0!"%!4)*(!&41)*-"'-!-/"'!"')-/(*!
! "!%1(3&".!*&+/-!)*!"02"'-"+(!+&2('!-)!"!1(*%)'!
! "!1."'!)*!"!%$++(%-&)'!
! "!4)*".!)*!.(+".!1*&2&.(+(!!
! "!1(*%)':%!5$'3-&)'!)*!1"*-!-)!1."6!
! 1()1.(!.&2&'+!-)+(-/(*!&'!"'!)*+"'&,(0!3)44$'&-6!
! "..!-/(!1()1.(!(41.)6(0!#6!"'!)*+"'&,"-&)'!
! "!.&4&-(0!1(*&)0!)5!-&4(!!
! "'!"*4(0!3)'5.&3-!#(-7(('!'"-&)'%!
!"#$%&'%(%)"'*"'+"% ,#(')-(*&.'%&'%/0('&)1%
!"#$%&'()%*&)($(+,*#&"-"+*&%&*,-&./,#(0,*$& &
,1,/2&3"4/&2,%/#5&&
!"#$%&'()%6#&#$/"*7&0,8")/%$()&$/%0($("*&%*0& &
3%(/&,9,)$"/%9&#2#$,8&+.'*#&$2*"&$"&($#&#$%:(9($25&
;$&(#&$<,&=9,)$"/%9&>/(:4*%96#&?":&$"&)20"#3&)"& &
,9,)$"/%9&%)$(1($(,#5&
@%*2&)"4*$/(,#&<%1,&%&8(9($%/2&$"&0#.*"+*&%*0& &
0,3,*0&($5&&
A*&1"$(*7&0%2B&2"4&84#$&7"&$"&$<,&."99&$"&+()*& &
2"4/&1"$,5&
C"-&"3$,*&0",#&$<,&D*($,0&E$%$,#&+(##4%.2*& &
./,#(0,*$(%9&,9,)$("*#F&
G,7(#9%$"/#&*,,0&$"&0,)(0,&(3&$<,2&-(99&(++"0*& &
$<,&*,-&./"."#%95&
><,&7"1,/*8,*$&(#&-"/H(*7&$"&).-3"&$<,& &
)"4*$/26#&3(*%*)(%9&./":9,8#5&&
><%$&)%*0(0%$,&)*('5)%6.#&-"8,*6#&/(7<$#B& &
,I4%9($2&%*0&,04)%$("*&/,3"/85&&
><,&?40()(%9B&9,7(#9%$(1,&%*0&,J,)4$(1,&:/%*)<,#& &
"3&7"1,/*8,*$&-,/,&)/,%$,0&$"&"')2#"&$<%$&$<,&
./,#(0,*$&0(0&*"$&%:4#,&."-,/5&
K"$(*7&(#&%*&,J),99,*$&-%2&$"&"70#"))&2"4/& &
".(*("*&%:"4$&)4//,*$&(##4,#&%*0&)%*0(0%$,#5&&
;$&(#&$<,&./,#(0,*$6#&/,#."*#(:(9($2&$"&#2'&$<,& &
)"4*$/25&&
!"#$%&'()%6#&)"*#$($4$("*&82(#('*"")&8%*2& &
/(7<$#&$"&($#&)($(+,*#5&
L"&"*,&)%*&5"'4&$<%$&!"#$%&'()%&<%#&%&8"0,9& &
0,8")/%$()&#2#$,85&&
M&)"*#$($4$("*&-%#&0/%3$,0&(*&NOPQ&$<%$& &
($.-&)1"5&$<,&8(9($%/25&&
><,&?40()(%9&:/%*)<&"3&$<,&7"1,/*8,*$&-%#& &
)/,%$,0&$"&"'6.#+"&9%-#5&
R"&2"4&$<(*H&$<,&)%*0(0%$,&-(99&)2++""5&(*& &
-(**(*7&$<,&./,#(0,*)2F&
><,&./,#(0,*$&)%**"$&(2*1.#&9"&$<,&#.,*0(*7& &
"3&$%J.%2,/6#&8"*,2&-($<&"4$&$<,&%../"1%9&"3&
!"*7/,##5&
&
&
$,*,/&SJ($"& 99,1%/&%&)%:"& 7":,/*%/& #4.,/1(#%/& <%),/&)48.9(/&
%#,74/%/& ,9,7(/& )"*$/(:4(/& %),.$%/& %4$"/(+%/&
/,./,#,*$%/& ./"$,7,/& *,7%/& ,J./,#%/& 7%/%*$(+%/&
%:"9(/& /,#"91,/& 0,."#($%/& & &

&
Read the text and choose the correct option to answer each question
1as, 46,47and 48).
SCOPES AND LIMITS How does a democratic country

controlthe limits of power?
OF AUTHORITY
A) Using the judges' authority.
When we talk all
about privileges,
duties, powers,
and boundaries,
qYq B)
C)
D)
lmproving the Congress'power.
Increasing the president's authority.
Writing a constitution which limits the.."
power.
we use the term
scope and limits.
By scope we mean how far the 46) Which government entity authorizes the
President to spend taxes?
authority extends, or how much
authority can be exercised. By A) The Congress
boundaries we mean the limits set up B) The Constitution
to make sure that authority is not C) The President himself
misused. D) People who wrote the Constitution
ln democratic countries, even the
president must honor the scope and
limits of the fosition. He or she has 47) Why does the Constitution give more power
to certain positions? Because some of the
the power and the duty to enforce.the government positions
law. The president, however, has
limits on his power. For instance, the A) misuse authority
president cannot declare a war B) have unlimited power
because that is the job of the C) require the abuse of power
...
'}Y
I
Congress. The president does not D) require power to fulfiil their duties....,
l
spend taxpayerts money without the

approval of Congress.
48) ln a democratic society, who has the power
The people who wrote the Constitution
to declare war on another country?
wanted to make sure that the
president, members of the Congress, A) The Congress of that nation .
and judges had enough power to carry B) The President of that country
out their duties. They were also C) The people of the Constitution
concerned about the abuse of power. D) People who are concerned about
For that reason, the Constitution limits the abuse of power
the power of all the branches of the
government.
i,
lN11-08.
18 :
Li
-'l i
ii
I
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Homework Readings
Democracy
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Read the text and choose the appropriate alternative that completes each sentence
according to it. ltterns from 45 to 48)
RIGHT TO VOTE 45) Since 1998,

One of the most important rights
in a democracy is the right to, A) the blind vote in private
vote. In Costa Rica, we have a B) handica.pped voters have to print
national election every four the ballots
years, and every citizen can C) the Electoral Tribunal provides
vote. This is the way people can ballots in "X" shape
express their opinions about the D) voters express their choice by
candidates and their proposals
writing an l'X" on the ballot
to govern the country. Starting
in 1998, voters did not have to
stamp their thumb prints on the 46) During the 1998 elections, .
ballots as they did in previous : .
years. Now, they vote by writing A) handicapped people used secret

an uX" in one of the spaces ballots
provided on the ballot. Another
change approved by' the
B) the time to vote wqs redued by
Electoral Tribunal, at that time, is a half
that it limits the time each citizen C) each voter had four minutes to
has to vote. lnstead of four vote
minutes as in previous years, D) the blind voted on a secret ballot
now they have only two minutes.
Handicapped people also have
the right to vote, but they do it in 47) Most people vote in private, but both, '
a different way. Although each
person votes by secret ballot, the
handicapped are allowed to vote A) rggular citizens and the elderly
publicly. The blind, for exampte, B) the elderly and the candidates
are allowed to tell an official for C) inmates and regular citizens
whom they want to vote, and the
official person will write the "X"
D) the blind and handicapped
following his/her instruction.

Very old people may follow the 48) ln different there
same procedure. lnmates also is a special voting room.
have the right to vote. The
Electoral Tribunal prepared A) electoral'halls
voting rooms in 17 prisons in B) ballot buildings
1998. This ensures that even C) jails in the country
those who are in prison retain
their constitutional right to vote.
D) constitutional rooms
ii' 1N11.09 19
Read the text"
'
r r s * r r G r '
il R " T " " T ':
#. " T T
,e
\
POLTT.ICAL PARTIES ..
There are different political parties around the worldt

theln t::l l"* dlo"l"I I
"l
proposals jo solve th"i, o*n bountryrs problems' A
political party
': " :-:l-in*:i :
peoplewho.sharethesamepointsofviewabouthowthegovernmen,'n1,]l.lljllt r
political proposals, a journalist
and what it should do. [n order to understand such
their priorities are'
four political parties what they stand for and what
".*o
;il t-talilt;-riiJrtr*;w eacrr political p"ilY'] proposals as follows:
1r I
of rt should be the Protection
l.Apartythatbelievesthat.theroleofthego.Vern.me|lL,tEvtlv|lvllI
life, liberty, and property from violence and fraud' '
A party that stands for individual liberty, personal responsibilitv,
anl j
2.
about
1 lll1l::
what is best
government, encourages peOple to make their own decisions
I
for them and their families.
affordable health care' I
3. A party that stands for working families, better schools,
econgrny' :
womenrs rights, safer streets, a cleaner env-ilonment' 3nd.":-'tln
believes that the role of a government should be to
educate.its citizens' *hil"
1:
,
protecting their rights and ensuring a stable and prqsperous
I
, nation'
econoti: jTl:::; j
::
4. Finally, a party that stands for key values such as social and
:i'i
i1
Wornen's rlgnts'
non-violence, grassroots democracy, respect for. diversity,
ii
:1.
:
personal and global responsibility, and protection of the environment'
:
As illustrated, each of the parties has some differeni points of view'onhowio

I
.govern,butallofthemcareaboutfreedom,justiceandpeacej
a Written bYMckY
- -.,'_..4 Jara .'
\ t * t:r r : t _
t
* # . t # t ;* i *
'
- - -
-Based
on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each
45) A political party is a group of people th-at
,] A) have some differences about how to run the country

B) share similar ideas about how to goverR the country
C) share exactly the same 'proposals of other parties
D) stand for violence and fraud
17
rN41-10
i:, i
1l'
'*-:i!iir:i.i':ii' ! .' _::
116) The sscond partfs Bropoealstates thet
A) people have th right to make their own Aeclsioil

B) a go\Frnment should decfide about enerything
C) a govemment should hane unlimited power
D) peopfe should have no pqrerd all
47',, One of lhe prioritles of the third party is
A)' education ,.'. 1i
B) unafiodabb achoots
C) elpensitae health care
D) tfie protec-tion of people ftom fraud
. .:
.':r,? ...j":j l
iij:;. 'n i
{8} The fourfl partycar$ abottt,::j-.-_-l
A) nghts of yvombn
B) limiled govemment :i.: ni:iiil:: al
C) all citizens' personal problerns .t... t;

D) the economic situation of Fls mernbers .r.:i'iilili .r
,:'l rriii, t'i
lr
':
';,
:it{j' i::i'
18
!"##$%&''(&)$*#&+%,&!-."#/01"#&
!
&
& 2%#/345/-$%+1&#"64"%5"& 7+/"3-+1#&
! !
"#$%!&'#()!*+!),-.%/,)!'!01#,%2*'(.3!4'(5%(!'/.!('6!'/.!1'$%!,1%4! !
7#),!')!4'/8!9*2)!')!,1%8!:'/!#/!;!4#/-,%)<!"*!,1(*-61!,1%!6(*-&)=! 01#,%2*'(.)!>A?!
7$/-8+/-$%&
'/)0%()!'/.!6#$%!&*#/,)!+*(!*/78!,1%!*(#6#/'7!9*2)!>*/%)!,1',!/*!*,1%(! 4'(5%()!
6(*-&!0(*,%!.*0/<?!"#$%!'!&(#@%!,*!,1%!&'#(!0#,1!,1%!4*),!*(#6#/'7)<! ('6)!
!!
! !
B'/.!*-,!,1%!#/+*(4',#*/!&':5%,)<!C/!,1%!+#(),!&'6%3!),-.%/,)!)1*-7.! !
0*(5!#/!6(*-&)!,*!4',:1!D/67#)1!/*-/)!0#,1!,1%#(!.%+#/#,#*/)<!E%$#%0! !
'/)0%()!')!'!:7'))<! !
! !
F-(/!,*!,1%!9*2)G(%7',%.!$%(2)!&'6%!'/.!1'$%!),-.%/,)!0*(5! #/+*(4',#*/!
2%.$39+/-$%& #/.#$#.-'778!,*!,(8!,*!,('/)7',%!,1%!D/67#)1!$%(2)!#/,*!H&'/#)1<!I1%/! &':5%,)!
,1%8!1'$%!+#/#)1%.3!')5!,1%4!,*!:1%:5!,1%#(!0*(5!0#,1!'!&'(,/%(<! !
E%$#%0!'/)0%()!')!'!:7'))!28!')5#/6!&'#()!,*!)1'(%!,1%#(!'/)0%()<! !
! !
I*(5!,1(*-61!,1%!9*2)G!'/.!,%:1/*7*68G(%7',%.!'.9%:,#$%)!&'6%!')!'! !
:7'))<!! !
!
!
F-(/!,*!,1%!&(':,#:%!,%J,)!'/.!,%77!,1%!),-.%/,)!,1',!,1%8!0#77!1'$%!KL!
4#/-,%)!,*!(%'.!,1%!,0*!,%J,)!'/.!'/)0%()!,1%!M-%),#*/)<!F1%8!0#77!
0*(5!#/.#$#.-'778!'/.!)1*-7.!/*,%!,1%!7#/%!#/!,1%!/%J,!01%(%!%':1! 1#617#61,%()!
:3+5/-5"& '/)0%(!:'/!2%!$%(#+#%.<!! !
! ;!#/G:7'))!,%J,)!
E%$#%0!'/)0%()!')!'!:7'))<!N+!,1%(%!#)!:*/+-)#*/3!1'$%!),-.%/,)!$%(#+8!
,1%#(!'/)0%()!-)#/6!,1%!7#/%!,1%8!#.%/,#+#%.!#/!,1%!,%J,<!!
!
O)!1*4%0*(53!,1%!),-.%/,)!)1*-7.!(%'.!'/.!(%)&*/.!,*!,1%!&(':,#:%! ,%J,)!,*!(%'.!',!
;<<1-5+/-$%&
,%J,)<!! 1*4%!
&
&
!
!
!
!
!
!
1",-5"-&! !
"#! $%&!'$"$&!()!*&+,-!&.$/&0&12!3((/!
9(*! !
*#! /"+'+,-!"!3&/'(,!$(!"!%+-%&/!3('+$+(,!
7(/81("6! !
4#! "!4(00&/4+"1!*5'+,&''!
,&7'3"3&/! !
6#! ",!+6&"!(/!31",!)(/!4(,'+6&/"$+(,!
/&:5+/&0&,$! !
&#! "!3&/'(,!7%(!%"'!&.3&/$!8,(71&6-&!"*(5$!'4+&,4&!
"6!H!"6;&/$+'&0&,$! !
)#! "!-"$%&/+,-!()!&031(2&/'!",6!9(*!"331+4",$'!
$+3!H!'5--&'$+(,! !
-#! "!9(*!(/!3/()&''+(,!
&031(2&/! !
%#! '(0&$%+,-!,&4&''"/2!
/I'50I! !
+#! "!3&/'(,!/&'3(,'+*1&!)(/!4(,$/(11+,-!3"/$!()!"!4(03",2!
"331+4"$+(,! !
9#! $%&!3/(4&''!()!8&&3+,-!)+,",4+"1!"44(5,$'!
"33(+,$0&,$! !
8#! "!3/+,$&6!35*1+4"$+(,!4(,$"+,+,-!,&7'!"/$+41&'!
+,$&/;+&7! !
1#! "!3&/'(,!"3312+,-!)(/!"!9(*!
"331+4",$! !
0#! $%&!"*+1+$2!$(!6(!'(0&$%+,-!7&11!
3('+$+(,! !
,#! $%&!1(7&'$!7"-&!3&/0+$$&6!*2!1"7!
9(*!)"+/! !
(#! ",!(/"1!&."0+,"$+(,!()!",!"331+4",$!)(/!"!9(*!
$/"+,+,-! !
3#! $%&!"0(5,$!()!7(/8!"!3&/'(,!%"'!$(!6(!
'8+11! !
:#! "!;&/*"1!(/!7/+$$&,!",'7&/!
(4453"$+(,! !
/#! $%&!1&;&1!()!3/+4&'!/&1"$+,-!$(!"!/",-&!()!&;&/26"2!+$&0'!
6+1&00"! !
'#! "!'(4+"1!-/(53!*&$7&&,!$%&!533&/!",6!7(/8+,-!41"''&'!
/&'3(,'&! !
$#! $%&!3/(4&''!()!3/&3"/+,-!'(0&(,&!)(/!"!9(*!
4(03",2!H!4(/3(/"$+(,! !
5#! "!3"+6!3('+$+(,!()!/&-51"/!&031(20&,$!
&031(20&,$! !
;#! "!3&/'(,!7%(!5'&'!&:5+30&,$!(/!"!0"4%+,&!
0+661&J41"''! !
7#! "!,($+4&!(/!",,(5,4&0&,$!$(!$%&!35*1+4!
(3&/"$(/! !
.#! $%&!*/",4%!()!'4+&,4&!",6!$&4%,(1(-2!/&1"$+,-!$(!*5+16+,-!
0+,+050!7"-&! !
2#! 0(,&2!3"+6!$(!'533(/$!"!'$56&,$<'!&654"$+(,!
'$",6"/6!()!1+;+,-! !
=#! ",!"4"6&0+4!%(,(/!-+;&,!)(/!)+,+'%+,-!5,+;&/'+$2!'$56+&'!
4('$!()!1+;+,-! !
>#! "!0&$%(6!()!%50",!4(005,+4"$+(,!
/&$+/&&! !
?#! $%&!6&-/&&!()!7&"1$%!";"+1"*1&!$(!"!3&/'(,!(/!4(005,+$2!
&,-+,&&/+,-! !
@#! ",!+,4/&"'&!+,!"!3&/'(,<'!'"1"/2!
'4%(1"/'%+3! !
A#! "!45//+45150!;+$"&!
'4+&,$+'$! !
B#! $%&!4(,6+$+(,!()!%";+,-!3"+6!7(/8!
6&-/&&! !
C#! "!'4%&651&6!0&&$+,-!!
3(;&/$2! !
D#! "!9(*!!
41+&,$!K!45'$(0&/! !
E#! "!3&/'(,!7%(!%"'!/&$+/&6!",6!6(&'!,($!7(/8!
/"+'&!! !
F#! "!3&/'(,!(/!(/-",+="$+(,!$%"$!&031(2'!3&(31&!
3/(0($+(,! !
>G#! "!3&/'(,!7%(!*52'!-((6'!(/!'&/;+4&'!!
'"1"/2!L!7"-&! !
>>#! "!6+))+451$!'+$5"$+(,!(/!3/(*1&0!
0","-&/! !
>?#! $%&!)+.&6!+,4(0&!&"/,&6!*2!",!&031(2&&!
"44(5,$+,-! !
>@#! "!/&:5&'$!)(/!"!9(*!
!
!"#$%&'()*+,(%"(-(&*".*"/*( 01-"%&'(
.+-"&$-.%2"(
!"#$%&'()"#*+,%",-%.'/%,++-+0,%1'%3%$$(24.%"#%+()2'$(+#1% %
"))2*&"1*'#3%
45%$'6%"0+%7'*#7%1'%-11$5(32+%"%.'/8%/+%,60+%$'6%90+,,%)0'5+,,*'#"22$% %
"#9%/0*#7%$'60%0:,6(:3%
;<*&<%6#*=+0,*1$%9'%$'6%)2"#%1'%-..*"6>% %
;*22*"(%?"#1,%1'%$*-)*%<*,%.'/%/+&"6,+%<+%*,%6#<"))$%?'0-*#7%5'0% %
1<"1%&'()"#$3%
!"#$%@#72*,<%,)+"-+0,%*#%A',1"%B*&"%72+8%*#%&"22%&+#1+0,3% %
C+)+#9*#7%'#%1<+%.'/%$'6%5*#98%$'6%("$%#++9%1'%-6-1.%$'60% %
?'0-*#7%<"/*1,3%
D'%7"*#%('0+%,-*22,8%$'6%&"#%*"+2$$%*#%"%)0'5+,,*'#"2%10"*#*#7% %
)0'70"(3%
E'(+%+#7*#++0,%6*&%#"%/0*97+,%"#9%/6*29*#7,8%?<*2+%'1<+0,%?'0-%1'% %
*()0'=+%5"&1'0*+,3%
!',1%+()2'$+0,%*#1+0=*+?%.'/%"))2*&"#1,%1'%9+&*9+%?<'(%1<+$%?"#1% %
1'%'%+*3%
45%$'6%?'0-%<"098%,<'?%6)%'#%1*(+%"#9%9'%<*7<FG6"2*1$%?'0-8%$'60% %
/',,%("$%1+292.*%$'6%1'%"%/+11+0%)',*1*'#3%
E'(+%)+')2+%,"$%1<"1%"%<*7<%,&<''2%9*)2'("%*,%#'1%*()'01"#18%/61%4% %
6%&-#+**3%
H&&'6#1"#1,%6*-$(7%.'%#6(/+0,%"#9%("1<+("1*&,%*#%1<+*0%.'/3% %
D0')*&"2%I0++#%*91$25&%('0+%1<"#%JKK%)+')2+%*#%1<+%BL'%M0L'%"0+"3% %
C60*#7%"#%*#1+0=*+?8%$'6%,<'629%2*,1+#%&2',+2$%1'%1<+%G6+,1*'#,%"#9% %
-"&7*+%1'%1<+%/+,1%'5%$'60%"/*2*1$3%
H1%1<+%.'/%5"*08%+()2'$+0,%("$%-&8%$'6%"/'61%$'60%)0*'0%?'0-% %
+N)+0*+#&+%"#9%,-*22,3%
45%$'6O0+%#'1%,60+%?<"1%,'01%'5%.'/%$'6%?'629%2*-+8%$'6%&"#%6%&/4&&%*1% %
?*1<%$'60%50*+#9,3%
H51+0%"#%*#1+0=*+?8%*1O,%"%7''9%*9+"%1'%32$$27(41(/$%,+#9*#7%"%1<"#-F %
$'6%#'1+%1'%1<+%&'()"#$3%
P'?"9"$,8%$'6%&"#%&*-+/'%5'0%("#$%.'/,%'#%1<+%4#1+0#+13% %
H1%.'/%5"*0,8%+()2'$+0,%10$%1'%3%"6%"))2*&"#1,%1'%5*22%1<+%="&"#1% %
)',*1*'#,%*#%1<+*0%&'()"#*+,3%
Q'6%?*22%/+%",-+9%1'%/-++5(24.%("#$%*()'01"#1%1",-,%*#%$'60%#+?% %
)',*1*'#R%
%
!"#$%&'( &!")!"*!( &+,"%&'(
!"!#$!%$&' ()&*&'!*&'+)*&&',-.#+#-/.'-.-/0-102'!+'+)&'0-1,!/23' '
%#$#/45!$' 6&#/4'1/0/345-0'7#$$')&$,'2-5'+-'8#/9'!'4--9':-%'#/';-.+!' '
<#0!3'
%*#&8' =-5*'*>.51>'.)-5$9'0-/+!#/'!'16/27'.511!*2'-8'2-5*' '
,*&"#-5.':-%.'!/9'*&.,-/.#%#$#+#&.3'
0-1,&+&/+' 6#$$'*&0&#"&9'!'*!#.&'%&0!5.&'-8')#.'4--9'7-*?@')&'#.'!' '
"&*2'89:;2<23<'&1,$-2&&3''
0-//&0+&9' ;-1,5+&*.'!$$'!*-5/9'+)&'7-*$9'!*&'893328<2='+-'+)&' '
A/+&*/&+3'
05**&/+' B++&/9#/4',*-8&..#-/!$'+*!#/#/4'.&..#-/.'&/.5*&'+)!+' '
2-5*'.?#$$.'!*&'856623<'!/9'5,C+-C9!+&3'
&88#0#&/+' (&0)/-$-42')!.'!$$-7&9'8-*'1!/2':-%.'+-'%&'9-/&'#/'!' '
1-*&'&88&0+#"&'!/9'277/8/23<'1!//&*3'
&1%!**!..&9' A8'2-5'.)-7'5,'$!+&'8-*'!/'#/+&*"#&7D'2-5'7#$$'%&'"&*2' '
2:1-66->>2=E''
8*&&' F!/2',5%$#0',$!0&.D'.50)'!.'$#%*!*#&.'!/9'!#*,-*+.D'-88&*' '
7622')#4)C.,&&9'A/+&*/&+3'
)-1&$&..' ()&*&'!*&'1!/2'?9:202>>',&-,$&'7)-'$#"&'-/'+)&' '
.+*&&+'!/9'%&4'8-*'1-/&23'
#//-"!+#"&' ;-1,5+&*'0-1,!/#&.'!*&'0-/.+!/+$2'0*&!+#/4'/&7'!/9' '
/339.-</.2'+&0)/-$-4#&.3'
$50?2' A8'2-5'!*&'058@AD'2-5'1!2'7#/'+)&'$-++&*2E' '
1#/#!+5*&' F#0*-,*-0&..-*.'!*&':/3/-<562'0&/+*!$',*-0&..#/4' '
5/#+.'8-*'.1!$$'0-1,5+&*.3'
/&7' G!"&'2-5'+*#&9'+)&'32B'#H)-/&'IJ' '
,$&/+2' B+'!':-%'8!#*'2-5'7#$$'8#/9';023<A'-8'&1,$-2&*.'$--?#/4' '
8-*'!,,$#0!/+.3'
*!,#9' ()&'8#&$9'-8'+&0)/-$-42')!.'&K,&*#&/0&9'6-;/='4*-7+)' '
-"&*'+)&'$!.+'0&/+5*23'
*&0)!*4&!%$&' F!/2'0!1&*!.')!"&'628?-642-102'%!++&*#&.@'.#1,$2' '
0-//&0+'+)&1'+-'!',-7&*'-5+$&+'+-'0)!*4&3'
*&1!*?!%$&' (&0)/-$-42'#.'1!?#/4'!')54&'#1,!0+'-/'+)&'7-*$9' '
+-9!2E'A+L.'.#1,$2'62:-6@-1023'
.&$8C&1,$-2&9' H&-,$&'+)!+'!*&'>207C2:;09A2=(9-'/-+')!"&'1!/!4&*.' '
-*'%-..&.'+)!+'+&$$'+)&1'7)!+'+-'9-3'
+&9#-5.' AL1'+#*&9'-8'8#$$#/4'-5+':-%'!,,$#0!+#-/'!8+&*':-%' '
!,,$#0!+#-/@'#+L.'<2=/95>'7-*?3'
5/&K,&0+&9' M-.>'7!.'*&0&/+$2'8#*&9'8*-1')#.':-%3'AL1'.5*,*#.&9' '
%&0!5.&'#+'7!.'0-1,$&+&$2'532D;28<2=3'
5,9!+&9' N-'2-5')!"&'+)&'5;=-<2='"&*.#-/'-8'F#0*-.-8+'O-*9J' '
"&*.!+#$&' ;&$$',)-/&.'+)&.&'9!2.'!*&'"&*2'.26>-</02'%&0!5.&'+)&2' '
0!/'9-'1!/2'+)#/4.3'
7-*+)$&..' (&0)/-$-42'0)!/4&.'.-'*!,#9$2'+)!+'-$9D'-5+C-8C9!+&' '
0-1,5+&*.'!*&',*!0+#0!$$2'B96<?02>>3'
'
JOB INTERVIEW TIPS AND SUGGESTIONS
Here you have some job interview tips that might help you
to get ready for a successful interview. l*
Practice answering the typical job interview questions and

answers that most employers ask. Think of actual
xamples you can use to describe your: skills. Providing evidence of your successes
is very important. Prepare a response to the queition "What do you know about our
company?" Know the interviewer's name and use it during the job interview. lf you're
not sure of the name, call and ask prior to the interview. Try to relate what you know
about the company when answering questions. Get readv and make sure your
terview outfit is neat and appropriate for the type of company you dre interested in.
Bring a nice portfolio with copies of your r6sum6, and include a pen and paper for
note taking. Be on time fsr the interview; this means five to ten minutes early. lf it is
necessary, take some time to drive to the office ahead of time, so you know exactly
where you are going, and how long it will take to get there. Stav calm during the job
nterview, try to relax as much as possible. Maintain eye contact with the interviewer.
Listen to lhe entire question before y'ou answer and pay attention, you will be
embarrassed if you forget the question! Show What vou know about the company
and try to relate it when answering questions. When discussing your career
accomplishments, match them to what the company is looking for. Always fotlow up
with a thank-you note restating your interest in the position. lf you interview with
multiple people, send each one a thank-you note.
http ://job se a rch. a bo u t. co m/tib raryAuee kt y a a 1 2 1 00 0a. h tml
Based on the previous information, choose the appropriate option to bomplete each
sentence. (ltems 49 to 54)
49) When having a job interview, it is important to
A) show nervousness
B) wear suitable garments
C) mention your lack of skills
D) ask the interviewer questions
ttrtzt-og 21
50) Beforq a job interview, you should answering questions.
A) decfine
B) discuss
C) practice.:
D) follow up
51) Once the interview begins, you should relax and

:
A) stay calrn l
B) be on time
C) take an interview practice
D) send each person a thank-you note
52) Make sure to be for the interview.
A) on time
B) agitated
C) very busy
D) emUarrassed
53) Tryto shsw the interviewer what you know dbout
A) the company
B) the competition ,
C) your own name

D) other companies ,
54) Sending a thank-you note is an excellent way to
A) follow up your interview

B) be on time
C) stay calm
D) practice
lN21-09 zi
'Read the text and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
GERMAN: self employed MANUEL: housepainter

All my friends seem to earn more than I My friends say my work is less demanding
do. I suppose it's easier if you're than theirs, but I think I work just as hard as
employed in a regular 9 to 5 job. I work they do. I spend a lot of time alone because
on people's houses and manage my job can't begin until all the construction
5 construction sites all day. I stay pretty fit [vork is completed. Usually,
doing that. Then in the rooms look great when
the evenings and on I've finished my work.
the weekends I have Sometimes customers
to make phone calls choose really ugly colors, but
bout jobs and I have to respect their
paperwork. lt decision.
seems to end!
ROSAURA: artist ANTONIO: orchestra conductor

Working for yourself is It would be impossible for
hard because you are me to do rny job on my
responsible for own: The musicians I
everything. lf no one work with are extremely
calls and asks you to talented, and they rely on
work for them, you me to make sure they
have to go out to look sound as good as
for work. Luckily, I now possible. We often work
\ have some regular evenings and weekends, and we travel a lot.
)clients. I paint pictures for some Working with a large number of other people
expensive hotels. can be challenging and it really bothers me if
someone is moody because it affects
everyone else.
53) Rosaura has some regular
A) rooms
B) workers
C) expenses
' D) customers
54) Both, Antonio and German have some work to do , too.
A) on Saturdays and Sundays

B) at expensive hotels
C) choosing clients
D) at home i
:
I
i
20 T
,
:
T
i
55) Certainly, job always requires other people's participation to be fulfilled.
A) Rosaura's
B) German's
C) Antonio's
D) Manuel's
56) A job thatimplies team performance is the
A) orchestra conductor:
B) self-employed
C) painter
D) artist
57) A feature three of the occupations share is that they
A) end their work before the construction finishes

B) begin their work at 9 and finish at 5 p.m.
C) are responsible for their own jobs
D) work with talented musicians
58) The article mentions that once in a while, disagrdes with the customer's
choices.
A) Rosaura
B) German
C) Antonio
D) Manuel
21
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Homework Readings
Jobs and Lifestyles
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
;
Read the text. Choose the alternative that answers each question accordingly.
SITUATION:
F"iip"-illfas ls ,e"Oing job advertisements; he is thinking which position is the best for him.
ENGINEER COMPUTER PLANNING

Work with,an exciting, new company. Use your experience to design new
uses for small and advanced computers. Excellent salary. Write to:
Mr. D.G,. Tall; Central Str:eet, Heredia; or call (506) 260-6547, cellular 8751-2103.
SERVICE MANAGER
Busy car dealer is looking for an e_xperiencgd car service manager for busy
SECRETARY
For doctor's office. Hours 9:00 to 5:30, Monday to Friday.
Must get along well with people. Experience necessary.
Call Miss Solis, (506) 532-6122.
49) What do the three ads have in common? They
A) ask for experience

B) need customer agents ,
C) offer growth opportunities

D) require immediate availability
22
'..'
- i.i,-ii:' r , ::::;
,!:i-i::,
50). Who offers marveloui income? does.
a riii
3'-r,
A) Mre;flY* ;,1 ' ,:

, ::: :: -:' t
B) Miss Solis
C) Mr. Garcia -
D) Mr. D.G. Tall,
;a ..,.. r.- .
i..ii:,",-..,:.il'.' :
+.:,,..r.ri.i....:i,.
'"r
-i :::r!
" : .'l:::: i Li'.' , .r .:. :i
:l '*i
51)
A) (506) 245-8-00
B) (506) 260-6547-,
c) (506) 532-ffi-n
D) 8751-21-03
:l r'
52) 'Where is the popt dealing with hightechnologlP ln
A) La Sabana
B) Cartago
C) Alajuela
D) Heredia
23
to complete each sentence according
Read the text. Choose the appropriate alternative
to the text. lttems from 52 to 54)
CHILD LABOR INCREASING, salaries are

52) Working children's
SAY EXPERTS the minimum
' BY Tim Rogers permitted bY taw.
A) higher than
@F:
=Hqffi
*i-t;,>F ry
B)
C)
D) '
as high as
lower than
as low as
"-$*#@
Children reprgsent the youngest and
most vulnerable sector of the Latin 53) The governments' plans to eradicate
American labor force, Yet theY work and Protect working children have
long hours on the fringe of the law
and receive salaries that are just a
fraction of the minimum wage' A) been scheduled several times
Although the Problem has alwaYs

3) been comPletely unsuccessful
existed, civil rights leaders' have

C) worked adequatelY
expressed concern that the number

D) been successful
of children involved in both the

forrnal and informal economY is
growing desPite the last 54) Regard ing this problem, civii rights
governments' efforts. They'expect leaders think that next governments
future governments to imPlement
should
public action plans to eradicate child A) not be concerned with

labor and protect adolescent workers teenager's work
in each country- To make matters B) give more work to the
worse, the four-year action plans are youngsters
scheduled to end when the terms of C) carry out social effective Plans
governments end- ManY are D) pay the kids a minimum wage
concerned that the situation will
continue'to snowball unless the'new
administrations take serious steps to
support Child Labor Law-
The Tico Times, November 23'o 2Oo1
21
lN41-10
Read the text and choose the appropriate alternative to complete \
each sentence.
57) Homelessness is a
problem.
A) social
B) potiticat
C) economical
D) segregation
HOMELESS PEOPLE
58) Homeless people have
Homelessness is, without doubt, the most characteristics.
serious and dramatic expression of the A) similar
phenomenon of social exclusion (Gdritas, B) different
1996). The term "hometess persons" C) the same
refers to a group with varied and D) multidimensional
hetelogeneous characteristics, profiles and
necessities, but with a series of common
dimensions: severe poverty, social
'isolation, 59) Homelessness refers to people who
breakdown of sobial and family
bonds, personal deterioration and lack of a
A) live on the streets
place (a house) to cover needs of B) have family bonds
accommodation and social support. The C) have a house to live
phenomenon is a highly urban one, D) don't need accommodation
characteristic of large cities in which
problems of poverty and isolation are
exacerbated, and lead to exclusion 60) Homeless people are
processes (which form the basis of the the society.
problem) being expressed in the most
A) helped by
extreme and inhuman ways in situations of B) included in
homelessness. C) adopted by
By Rodrig uez Diaz D) excluded from
lN11-0712
24
!"##$%&'()&*+,"%+"&-%.&/"+0%$1$23&
!
&
& 4%#567+5,$%-1&#"87"%+"& 9-5"6,-1#&
9$5,:-5,$%& !
"#$%!&'(!)*!+$%,-!.#/%0!(&!,#.1!0('%,$(!#$%!1#2,!(1,3!4/+(,!
)*!$,4!2&.#5'6#/7!4&/%0!(1,7!1#2,!0('%+,%!0&!8#/!(&%#79!:1,7!
01&'6%!4/+(,!(1,!;$<6+01!4&/%!&$!&$,!0+%,!#$%!(1,!=>#$+01!
(/#$06#(+&$!&$!(1,!&(1,/9!!
! +$%,-!.#/%0!
"#2,!0>,$%!#!3+$'(,!0('%7+$<!(1,!4&/%0!(1,7!4/&(,!%&4$9!
:1,$!1#2,!(1,3!6+$,!'>!+$!(4&!8#.,?(&?8#.,!6+$,0!4+(1!(1,+/!
.#/%0!#$%!%&!(1,!@'+A?@'+A?,-.1#$<,!#.(+2+(79!B,>,#(!'$(+6!
0('%,$(0!1#2,!<+2,$!#4#7!(1,!3#C&/+(7!&8!(1,+/!&/+<+$#6!4&/%09!
!
4%;$6<-5,$%& !
"#2,!0('%,$(0!>#/($,/!'>!4+(1!0&3,&$,!(1,7!1#2,!$,2,/!D&/!
/#/,67E!4&/F,%!4+(19!:1,!>#/($,/0!01&'6%!4&/F!(&<,(1,/!&$!
(1,!(,.1$&6&<7?/,6#(,%!$&'$0!>#<,!(&!/,#%!(1,!%,8+$+(+&$0G!
3#(.1!(1,!%,8+$+(+&$0!4+(1!#$!;$<6+01!4&/%G!(1,$!8+$%!(1,!
=>#$+01!(/#$06#(+&$9!B,2+,4!#$04,/0!#0!#!.6#009!B,4#/%!(,#30! !
4+(1!(1,!3&0(!.&//,.(!#$04,/09! !
! +$8&/3#(+&$!
:'/$!(&!(1,!(,.1$&6&<7?/,6#(,%!2,/50!#$%!#%2,/50!>#<,9! >#.F,(0!
;->6#+$!(1#(!(1,!0('%,$(0!01&'6%!4&/F!4+(1!#!$,4!>#/($,/!(&!
8+$%!#$%!.+/.6,!#66!&8!(1,!#%2,/50!#$%!'$%,/6+$,!#66!&8!(1,!2,/509!
H60&!1#2,!(1,3!C&(!%&4$!#!(/#$06#(+&$!8&/!(1,!#%2,/50!#$%!
2,/50!(1,7I/,!8#3+6+#/!4+(19!B,2+,4!#$04,/0!#0!#!.6#009!
!
=6-+5,+"& !
:'/$!(&!(1,!>/#.(+.,!(,-(0!#$%!(,66!(1,!0('%,$(0!(1#(!(1,7!4+66!
1#2,!)J!3+$'(,0!(&!/,#%!(1,!(4&!(,-(0!#$%!#$04,/0!(1,!
@',0(+&$09!:1,7!4+66!4&/F!+$%+2+%'#667!#$%!01&'6%!$&(,!(1,!6+$,! P!+$?.6#00!(,-(0!
+$!(1,!$,-(!41,/,!,#.1!#$04,/!.#$!5,!2,/+8+,%9!! !
! 41+(,5&#/%0!
K#00!41+(,5&#/%0G!3#/F,/0!#$%!/#<0!&'(!(&!(,#30!&8!L?M! 3#/F,/0!
0('%,$(09!N&!(1/&'<1!(1,!@',0(+&$0!&$,!57!&$,G!4+(1!(1,!(,#30! /#<0!
.&3+$<!(&!#!.&$0,$0'0!#$%!4/+(+$<!(1,+/!#$04,/!&$!(1,!
41+(,5&#/%9!O,,>!(/#.F!&8!>&+$(09!
!
>??1,+-5,$%& !
H0!1&3,4&/FG!(1,!0('%,$(0!01&'6%!/,#%!#$%!/,0>&$%!(&!(1,! (,-(0!(&!/,#%!#(!
>/#.(+.,!(,-(09!! 1&3,!
!
!
!
!"#$%&'( )!*%"%+%,"( &-."%&'(
! "#$"%#&'!($!)*+#"*'!%'#,-!&$.,'#'&($'/!0#"$("1#2'/!.,)! !
(&1*$!"(02(,*,&'!
! &1*!(%&'#)*!2.$&!($!&(2!3.4*$!(5!'(0*&1#,-! !
! &1*!2.$&!(5!.!"(02%&*$!&1.&!'&($*'!).&.! !
! .!&1#,-!0.)*!5($!.!'2*"#5#"!2%$2('*! !
! '2$*.)#,-!($!)#'2*$'#,-!'(0*&1#,-! !
! .!2$("*)%$*!($!6.4!(5!)(#,-!'(0*&1#,-! !
! 0(,*4!0.)*!.+.#3.73*!5($!.!'2*"#5#"!2%$2('*! !
! .!2*$'(,!61(!.)+(".&*'!.!&1*($4/!2%$2('*!($!2$(8*"&! !
! .!2*$'(,!61(!(6,'!'(0*&1#,-! !
! .!'%78*"&! !
! $.2#)#&4!(5!0(+*0*,&!($!."&#(,! !
! .!)*+#"*!%'*)!&(!&$.,'0#&!($!$*"*#+*!$.)#(!($! !
&*3*+#'#(,!'#-,.3'!
! &1*!9%.,&#&4!($!3(%),*''!(5!'(%,)! !
! &1*!'%$5."*!(5!.,!*3*"&$(,#"!)*+#"*!(,!61#"1!#0.-*'! !
.$*!)#'23.4*)!
! .!2.-*!(,!&1*!:,&*$,*&! !
! &1*!'.3*!(5!-(()'!5($!2$#+.&*!%'*! !
! "(,"3%'#(,'!.'!.!$*'%3&!(5!.,!#,+*'&#-.&#(,! !
! '(0*&1#,-!&1.&!1.'!7**,!#,+*,&*)!($!"$*.&*)! !
! .!2($&.73*!0#"$("(02%&*$! !
!
)*+#"*! 2$(2(,*,&! !"#"$%&'( %)*)&(!"(+",(
5#,)#,-'! '2**)! #)$-$.)-.)/$( -$*"$-(
'"$**,! 6*7'#&*! "0".*'/$).-( 12*&!&(
+(3%0*! 3.2&(2! )$3"$*&( *"1-(
#,+*,&#(,! (6,*$! .&$.04%)&$"%( 1"1&')-(
)#''*0#,.&#(,! 0*0($4! !4"5&( 3&041"$(
5%,)#,-! 0*&1()! !)%6&%)*)3&( !)%"1)$-.)/$(
'%$5."*! $*&.#3! 3"0&.)!-!( -0(6&'(1"$&'(
.,&*,,.! &(2#"! 6-$*-00-( %46"'#).)"(
*3*"&$(,#"'! ! 6&'*7*)0! !
!! !
$%&'(&!6*'8!'!!!!!! )1*)%&! '*/,26!.3&!'6J&*:(!'26!,26&*%12&!.3&!J&*:(#!
!
E*'2(%'.&!'2-!'6J&*:(!/*!J&*:(!-/,!72/8#!
!
"# $%&'(&!)'*&+,%%-!(./*&!-/,*!%'0./0!12!.3&!)'(&#!!
4# 5+!-/,!'))16&2.'%%-!)%1)7!.3&!8*/29!:,../2;!-/,*!6/),<&2.!81%%!61('00&'*#!
=# >%1)7129!.3&!?6&%&.&@!:,../2!/2)&!81%%!&*'(&!-/,*!8/*7#!
A# B)1&2)&!+1).1/2!8*1.129!3'(!9*&'.%-!12+%,&2)&6!</6&*2C6'-!.&)32/%/9-#!
D# !E/!F,1)7%-!%/)'.&!(/<&.3129!/2!-/,*!)/<0,.&*;!-/,!)'2!,(&!.3&!?(&'*)3@!+,2).1/2#!
G# B/<&!0&/0%&!,(&!)/<0,.&*(!/2%-!./!:*/8(&!.3&!52.&*2&.#!
H# 5+!-/,!'*&!12.&*&(.&6!12!'!./01);!-/,!)'2!&'(1%-!(,:()*1:&!./!'2!/2%12&!<'1%129!%1(.#!
I# $*&((129!.3&!?)/2.*/%@!'26!?(@!7&-(!./9&.3&*!81%%!('J&!.3&!6/),<&2.#!
K# E3&!':1%1.-!./!&++1)1&2.%-!&2.&*!2,<:&*(!12./!'!)'%),%'./*!1(!'2!1<0/*.'2.!(71%%!+/*!
'))/,2.'2.(#!
"L# 5+!-/,!3'J&!'!3193C(0&&6!52.&*2&.!)/22&).1/2;!-/,!81%%!:&!':%&!./!*'016%-!,0%/'6!
12+/*<'.1/2!/*!03/./(!./!.3&!M&:#!
""# !5+!-/,!3'J&!'!0//*!52.&*2&.!)/22&).1/2;!12+/*<'.1/2!
81%%!6/82%/'6!J&*-!(%/8%-!./!-/,*!)/<0,.&*#!
"4# N/,!)'2!2/8!/*6&*!1.&<(!/2%12&!'26!3'J&!.3&<!
6&%1J&*&6!61*&).%-!./!-/,*!3/,(&#!
"=# !M3&2!616!-/,!121.1'%%-!(.'*.!,(129!)/<0,.&*(O!
"A# >/<0,.&*!.&)321)1'2(!)'2!6&</2(.*'.&!3/8!./!0*/0&*%-!)%&'2!'!)/<0,.&*#!
!
Read the text. Choose the correct option to answer each question (57, 58, 59,60 and 61).
INTERNET
Locating specific information used to be a
tedious and time-consuming process. Do you
remember digging through library card catalogs
and then wandering through dusty stacks of
books, only to discover that what you needed
was already checked out?
Now finding references to topics can be as simple as typing in a keyword and

clicking a button, from the privacy of your own home. lnternet includes entire
libraries of specialized information and thousands of these are accessible and free
of charge to the general public. lnternet also supports a variety of research
techniques and styles. Suppose you're trying to come up with a topic for a speech
you have to deliver. At first, you might want to browse a variety of materials to
refine your subject area. This process is much like going to an area in a library
and starting to pull books off the shelf, except that on lnternet you can leap from
library to library, following associative links or trains of thought. Once you've
determined the exact subject of your speech, you may need to track down some
very specific information, such as statistics to back up a particular point. This is
the age of information, and success in many fields depends on getting the latest
news as quickly as possible. lnternet provides numerous sources for specialized
and updated information. You may want to subscribe to an electronic mailing list.
For instance, you may want to participate in a news group where specialists in
some unusual area'of knowledge keep you current on what you need to know.
Because of its scope and speed, lnternet is by far the most efficient way to make
sure you maintain expert status in your little corner of the information universe.
There are lnternet services that will help you with powerful search tools that will
look around the Net and quickly find your needle in the information haystack.
tN11-08 23
57) Based on the text, how is doing research on lnternet different from using a library?
The task of lnternet researching than using a library.
A) is easier
B) is more tedious
C) uses more dusty cards
D) is more time-consuming
5S) How will a newsgroup keep people in relation to their field of interest?
It will keep them their field of interest.
A) bored with
B) updated on
C) tied-up with
D) spending short time on
59) According to the text, what should people do to research on lnternet?

They should
A) use different techniques

B) ask for library card catalogs
C) go through dusty bookshelves
D) spend all of their time and money
60) What is the best advantage to research on lnternet?
A) lt gives you supervision.

B) Someone else does it for you.
C) There are rules that protect you.
D) Current information can be reached quickly.
61) What is the main characteristic of the lnternet service?

The information is
A) limited
B) relevant
C) abundant
D) given by reporters
tN11-08 24
AIBO
AIBO lArtificial lntelligence roBOt), triinslated from'Japanese

\ as "partner", is one of several types of robotic pets designed
\ and manufactured by Sony. There have been several
different models, for users of all ages, since their
;d -\ introduction in 1999. AIBO is able to walk, "seei' its
environment via camera, and recognize spoken
# commands. lt is considered to be an autonpmous robot,
since it is able to learn and mature based on external stimuli from its
owner or environment, or from other AlBOs. Artist Hajime Sorayama created the
initial designs for the AIBO.
On Janua ry 26,2006 Sony announced that it would discontinue AIBO and several
other products as of March, 2006. However, AIBO will still be supported until 2013,
anO iis technology will continue to be developed and used in other consumer
products. The Life AlBOware allows the robot to be raised from puf to fully g::1:
adult'while going through various stages of development as its owner interacts with it.
The Explorer AlBoware allows the owner to interact with a fully mature robot able to
understand (though not necessarily willing to obey) 100 voice commands. Many
AIBO owners enjoy teaching their pets new behaviors by reprogramming them.
The AIBO has' been used as an inexpensive platform for artificial intelligence
rdsearch because it integrates computer, vision system, and.articulators in a package
vastly cheaper than conventional research robots. The RoboCup autonomous
soccer competition has a "Sony Four-Legged Robot League" in which numerous
institutions from around the world participate. Competitors program a team of AIBO
robots to play autonomous robot soccer games against other competing teams.
Adapted from vvv,rw.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al BA
Based on the previous information, choose the correct option to complete each
sentence. (ltems 55 to 60)
55) AIBO is a(n)

A) robot just for adults
B) toy just for children
C) item for children and adults t
D) pet that doesn't play with children

$,
lN21-O9 ?3
56) This robotic dog
A) will be supported beyond 2013

B) can understand 100 languages
C) was rRanufactured just for seven years
D) is programmed to interact only with its owner
57) The Japanese word "AIBO" means " " in English.
A) pet
B) robot
C) partner
D) artificial intelligence
58) How long will AIBO be serviced? Until
A) 1999,
B) 2006
c) 2008
D) 2013
:,
59) What is particular about these robotic pets? They
A) always follow a written program

B) do not accept software modifications
C) are more cbmplex than the usual test robots
D) are used in studies on advanced artificial intelligence
60) What other entertainment.use was found for AIBO? As a(n)
A) computer
B) arts design
C) soccer player
D) night vision system
tN21-09 24
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Homework Readings
Science and Technology
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Read the text. Choose the alternative that completes each sentence accordingly-
f;
57) lt was difficult for astronomers to discover the exterior ring of Ljranus because of
A) the ice layer that covers it

B) the color of Enceladus
C) the size of this planet
D) its unexpected color
26
58) Uranus'outer ring
A) is gimilar to Saturn
B) is called "Keck"
C) has a moon
D) is red ,
59) Both, Satum and Uranus have
A) an exterior ring with a moon

B) rings with thick ice laYers
C) two interior blue r'ngs
D) exterior red rings
60) The exterior and interior rings of Uranus
A) were discovered by a Hawaiian university

B) were discovered in two different moments
C) are practically the same color
D) have similar names
61) The text saYs that both, look very similar.
A)
B)
c)
D)
/r,
;'' -ead the text and choose the option that best answers each question.
"Ozone Hole May Disappearby 2050
According to a team of Japanese scientists,

MAX.
the ozone hole over the Antarctic is likely to
begin contracting in the future, and may
disappear by 2050, becdtrse of a reduction in
the release of chlorofluor.ocarbons and other
ozone depleting gases. The findings are

based on a series of numerical simulations carried out 'Qy Eiji Akiyoshi of the National
lnstitute for Environmental Studies, near Tokyo, using projected emissions of

chlorofluorocarbons and other gases blamed for the ozone hole. According to a report
posted on Friday on the lnstitute's Web Site, the hole is at its,largest now but is likely to
gradually start contracting around 2O2O and disappear by around 2050. The tearl's
findings are in line with research by other scientists. However, some of them have
suggested the hole won't heat until much later because old refrigerators and air-
conditioning sysfems. Many peopte in the United States and Canada are still releasing
ozone-killing chemicals, although both countries have stopped those chemicals in newer
products. Satellites and ground stations have been monitoring the ozone hole over the.
South Pole, since its discovery in the 1980s. Chlorofluorocarbon levels in the earth's
atmosphere have been declining, since the middle of 1990s due to international efforts to
reduce emissions.
lN11-07'12, 25
61) What is going to happen to the ozone hole over the Antarctic
after 2O2O?
the text, it is going to
A) I
get bigger
B) change its color
C) decrease its size
D) remain the same size
62) ln what year should the ozone hole disappear?
A) ln two thousand seven

B) Near two thousand fifty
C) Around two thousand eight
D) Before two thousand twenty
63) What chemicals cause the hole to form in the ozone?
A) Chlorofluorocarbons
B) Water in refrigerators
C) Gases from bad foods
D) Water in air-conditioners
64) Why has the hole reduced its size? Because
A) satellites closed the hole

B) gas levels have increased
C) people quit smoking cigarettes
D) some international efforts have reduced emissions
65) How can people stop the destruction of the ozone layer?
A) Avoiding natural products

B) Turning off the new refrigerators
C) Turning on the old air condition systems
D) Avoiding products that contain chemical items
j
"1
lN11-0712 26
f,t
li
tjgl
&:!
:'
Read the text and choose tl;re correct option to answer each question according to it
MICROCHIPS 55)' What was.the first hit in the world

of electronics?
A) The invention of siticon

B) The creation of microchips
Cj The develophent of mini-
transistors
. D) To make transistors of water
ln 1960, the world of eleclronics saw . and silicon
the first success in developing
miniature transistors on the surface of
a thin slice of silicon. As , years 56) What is the importance of ROM
passed, such mini{ransistors became memory chips?
'microchips. They
Among the diffeient types of A) store information

microchipsare MEMORY, which B) turn off the power
stores data, and PROCESSING, C) erase video games
which works with the data. Of the two D) have random access
basic memory chips, read-only
memory (ROM) usually holds
information that makes a device, such 57) What was the original objective of
as computers or video games, work creating microchipi?
properly. The other, random-access To use them in
memory (RAM), can be erased or
added , to, and when the power is
A) satellites
turned off it disappears.. RAM chips B) computers
are used in computers and C) all moder.n televisions

program.mable calculators, so they can D) programmable calculators
I
store a lot of data for brief periods.
Now microchips are hidden away in

almost all modern electrical
equipment, from televisions and cars
to the satellites for whiclr the chips
were first developed.
tN41-10 22
Smartphones
First sold in 1993, smartphones today are incredibly common in the developed
and developing world. A smartphone is a mobile phone that offers more advanced
computing and better connection than a normal, or traditional mobile phone. This can
include a camera, Internet browser, music player, video player, video games, and office
software like word processing and email organization. Most smartphones use an
operating system just like a computer. Currently, about 20% of all mobile phones sold in
the United States are smartphones.
The first smartphone was the IBM Simon, and was sold by the American
telecommunications company BellSouth. By 2001, a smartphone made by Palm was the
first smartphone to be widely used in the United States. The next year, the first
Blackberry was released, which is a smartphone made especially for wireless email.
Blackberry was one of the most popular smartphones for many years, especially with
business people. In 2007 Nokia released the N95, which was very popular because it
featured many things that consumers wanted all in one phone: camera, GPS, and the
ability to connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi or the 3G network. That same year, Apple
introduced the first iPhone, which was more expensive than similar phones, but was also
very popular because its Internet browser was said to be better than that of other
smartphones. Due to competition, the past few years have seen much advancement in the
operating systems of smartphones. These advancements have now made it possible to
browse the Web, listen to the radio, take videos, create documents, play video games, and
even watch TV, right from a mobile phone.
1. Smartphones arent common in rich countries. True False
2. Nokia made the first smartphone. True False
3. The Blackberry smartphone was popular with business people. True False
4. The first smartphone was called the _________ _____________
5. The iPhone was popular because of its ____________ ___________
6. Which company made the first smartphone widely used in the United States:
a. Nokia
b. IBM
c. Apple
d. Palm
7. The Nokia N95 was popular because of its:

a. better Internet browser
b. new video games
c. combined features
d. wireless email
Google
So popular is the World Wide Web search engine Google that the word google
is now in the dictionary as a verb meaning to use an Internet search engine. The Google
search engine is the main product of Google Inc. an American corporation formed in
1998. The company was formed by two PhD students at Stanford University. The two
students, Sergey Brin and Larry Page were studying computer science and became
friends over their interest of developing search engines and organizing information on
computers. They began to put together computer systems in their rooms; when they no
longer had enough room, they moved their systems into a rented garage.
As their search engine project grew, the two men stopped their PhD studies and
worked full time on the project. The website began in 1997 as a basic search engine.
Because its search engine often brought better results than other websites, Google grew
very rapidly during the early 2000s. It is now one of the most famous websites in the
world, and google.com, the American version of the website, is the most visited website
in the world. Google is by far the most popular search engine on the Internet. Google also
owns many other websites, like Gmail, YouTube, Blogger, and Orkut. It also has
developed software programs for computers and mobile phones. Google earns most of its
money through Internet advertisements. Google is considered by some business experts
to be the most valuable brand in the world.
1. The word google is now considered a verb. True False
2. Brin and Page completed their PhDs. True False
3. The Google brand is considered to be very valuable. True False
4. Google Inc. owns which of the following websites:

a. Facebook
b. Hotmail
c. Blogger
d. Mapquest
5. Googles growth was:

a. slow
b. steady
c. fast
d. normal
6. How does Google earn most of its money? _____________________
7. When was the Google website launched? ______________

Robots develop language to 'talk' to each other
The research project lets robots generate random sounds for the places they visit in both
simulations and a real office. The "words" are shared and the robots play games to establish
which sound represents which location. The set of words has proved so advanced that it can be
used to help robots find places other robots direct them to. The machines are being allowed to
generate their own words because human language is so loaded with information that robots
found it hard to understand, said project leader Dr. Ruth Schulz from the University of
Queensland. "Robot-robot languages take the human out of the loop," she said. "This is important
because the robots demonstrate that they understand the meaning of the words that they invent
independent of humans."
One set of the trials with the robots sees wheeled robots fitted with a camera, laser-range
finder, and sonar used to map their world - roaming around at an office at the University. The
robots also have a microphone and speakers onboard so they can communicate with each other.
The wheeled robots travel about and, when they reach a place that does not have a name, they
generate a random combination of syllables that represent that place. When that robot meets
another robot it tells it about the places it has been. Slowly, as the robots travel and talk, they
narrow down their list of place names until a mutual term is selected, and an oral map of their
world has been generated.
The robots generated place names such as "kuzo", "jaro" and "fexo". Each piece of
territory was typically a couple of meters in diameter, said Dr. Shulz. This enabled the names to
be used as rough distance measures and allowed the robots to play other games that communicate
distance, travel time and direction. Some games involve swapping sounds but others, such as the
"go-to-game" involve the robots trying to meet up at a distant location. The power of the
language being created by the robots was starting to become apparent, said Dr Schulz. "They
enable the robots to refer to places they haven't been or even places that they imagine beyond the
edges of their explored world," she said.
(adapted from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-13510988)
1. What do the robots use to talk to each other? ________________________________
2. Why is the human language hard to understand for robots? ______________________
3. What is the name of the research projects leader? ___________________________
4. Where is this research project being conducted? _____________________________
5. What is one of the two special things that the language has allowed the robots to do?
_______________________________________________
6. The robots have developed the following names for locations, except:
a. pero
b. kuzo
c. fexo
d. jaro
!"##$%&'()&*$+,-#.&/,-0"#&,%1&2$330%45,64$%#&
!
& 7%#6+0564$%,-&#"80"%5"& *,6"+4,-#&
! !
!"#$%!&'%!(&)*%+&(!(&#+*!,+!#!-,.-/%0!12(&!#!/,(&!23!45!,672.&#+&!82.*(! +)6:%.%*!:#//!
&'#&!'#$%!#/.%#*9!:%%+!(&)*,%*!,+!-/#((!#+*!+)6:%.!&'%6!;<450!=2((!#! !
(&)*%+&!&'%!:#//0!"#$%!&'%6!.%#*!&'%!+)6:%.!)+*%.!&'%,.!.,>'&!&')6:?! /,(&!23!7.%$,2)(/9<
*$649,64$%&
&'%+!&%//!&'%!>.2)7!&'%!@7#+,('!&.#+(/#&,2+!23!&'%!82.*!-2..%(72+*,+>! (&)*,%*!$2-#:)/#.9!
&2!&'#&!+)6:%.0!A3!&'%9!*2!+2&!B+28?!&'%9!-#+!.%-%,$%!'%/7!3.26!&'%! 82.*(!
>.2)70!!C%7%#&!)+&,/!#//!(&)*%+&(!'#$%!7#.&,-,7#&%*!#&!/%#(&!2+-%0! !
!
! !
D+!&'%!3,.(&!7#>%!23!E2.#/(!#+*!F#/)%(?!'#$%!(&)*%+&(!82.B! !
,+*,$,*)#//9!&2!6#&-'!&'%!@7#+,('!&.#+(/#&,2+(!8,&'!&'%,.! !
-2..%(72+*,+>!G+>/,('!+2)+(0!C%$,%8!&'%!#+(8%.(!#(!#!-/#((0! !
! (&.,7(!23!7#7%.!
H.,&%!&'%!/,(&!23!6#((!-266)+,-#&,2+<.%/#&%*!+2)+(!2+!&'%!:2#.*0!I(B! 8,&'!6#((!
&'%!(&)*%+&(!8',-'!2+%(!&'%9!.%-2>+,J%!#+*!.%$,%8!&'%,.!6%#+,+>(0! -266)+,-#&,2+!
1#((!2)&!&'%!(&.,7(!23!7#7%.!8,&'!6#((!-266)+,-#&,2+<.%/#&%*!+2)+(! +2)+(!#+*!
#+*!&'%,.!*%3,+,&,2+(!8.,&&%+!2+!&'%60!@&)*%+&(!('2)/*!82.B!,+!7#,.(! *%3,+,&,2+(!
&2!6#&-'!&'%!82.*(!8,&'!&'%,.!*%3,+,&,2+(0!! !
! !
H'%+!&'%9!#.%!3,+,('%*?!.%$,%8!&'%!6#&-'%(!#(!#!-/#((0!"#$%!&'%! ,+32.6#&,2+!
(&)*%+&(!&).+!&2!&'%!+%K&!7#>%!,+!&'%,.!7#-B%&!#+*!8.,&%!&'%!+2)+!+%K&! 7#-B%&(!
&2!,&(!*%3,+,&,2+0! !
!
7%:$+3,64$%& "#$%!&'%!(&)*%+&(!82.B!8,&'!#!*,33%.%+&!7#.&+%.!&2!.%#*!&'.2)>'!&'%!
(%+&%+-%(!8,&'!62.#/(<!#+*!$#/)%(<.%/#&%*!#*L%-&,$%(!#+*!&.9!&2!-26%!
)7!8,&'!#!&.#+(/#&,2+!,+!@7#+,('!32.!%#-'!#*L%-&,$%0!C%$,%8!#+(8%.(!#(!
#!-/#((0!
!
M,(-)((!&'%!>.#66#.!72.&,2+!23!&'%!&%(&!#+*!&'%!N!&27,-(!&'#&!6#9!:%!
7.%(%+&O!
!
<(9+2+96(P#+&2+96(!
<'2627'2+%(P'262>.#7'(!
</,+B,+>!82.*(!
<.22&!82.*(!
!
Q,$%!%K#67/%(!23!%#-'!>.#66#.!72,+&!#+*!*,(-)((!&'%!8#9!,+!8',-'!
&'%!R)%(&,2+(!#.%!82.*%*!2+!&'%!&%(&0!
!
Q.#66#.!('%%&(!
=).+!&'%!>.#66#.!(%-&,2+!#+*!&%//!(&)*%+&(!&'#&!&'%9!8,//!'#$%!&,6%!&2! <(9+2+96(P!
82.B!&'.2)>'!&'%!>.#66#.!82.B('%%&(!#+*!#+(8%.!&'%!R)%(&,2+(0! #+&2+96(!
;+,5645"& ='%9!8,//!82.B!,+*,$,*)#//90! <'262>.#7'(P!
! '2627'2+%(!
C%$,%8!#+(8%.(!#(!#!-/#((0!! </,+B,+>!82.*(!
!
!
Q,$%!&'%!(&)*%+&(!&'%!3,+#/!7.#-&,-%!&%(&0!Q,$%!&'%6!&'%!.%6#,+,+>!-/#((!
<==-45,64$%& &,6%!&2!-267/%&%!,&!#+*!&2!#(B!R)%(&,2+(!#(!+%-%((#.90!Q2!2$%.!&'%! 3,+#/!7.#-&,-%!&%(&!
#+(8%.(!#+*!#+9!/#(&<6,+)&%!R)%(&,2+(!8,&'!&'%!(&)*%+&(0!
!
&
&
!
!"#$%&'$()'*$%+,&'
(-./'0/' &5/65/75' 89:/32:60-/'

,/12034' 0/'&;:/034'
!""#$%!&"#' (#)$*#')+',-++#.#&%'/0-&'")*)./1'#%2&-"-%-#/'!&,' '
.#*-3-)&/'!**',#/#.4#':775;6:/755'
6)&,' 72#.#'-/'!'/%.)&3'<-/='6#%8##&'%2#'%8)'6.)%2#./5'' '
69.3*!.:';' 72#.#'8!/'!'<.912:9>'*!/%'&-32%<'!'=!&'#&%#.#,'-&%)' '
%2#+%' %2#'2)9/#'!&,'/%)*#'%2#'%#*#4-/-)&5'
")==-%=#&%' >)/%!'?-"!'2!/'=!,#'!'7-??06?5/6'%)'!*8!:/'2)*,' '
%.!&/$!.#&%',#=)".!%-"'#*#"%-)&/5'
+!-%2' >!%2)*-"/'2!4#'@:064'-&'@),5'' '
3#&#.)/-%:' A%'-/'-=$).%!&%'%)'/2)8'15/59-306>'%)'%2)/#'%2!%'2!4#' '
*#//'%2!&':)95'
*#//)&' (!6*)'*#!.&#,'!&'-=$).%!&%'2533-/B':)9'/2)9*,'%.#!%' '
)%2#.'$#)$*#'!/':)9'8!&%'%)'6#'%.#!%#,5'
*-+#' 72#'!4#.!3#'20@5'5A;576:/7>'+).'8)=#&'-&'>)/%!'?-"!' '
#C$#"%!&":' -/'DE':#!./5''
*):!*%:' F)3/'!.#'"!**#,'G=!&H/'6#/%'+.-#&,/I'6#"!9/#')+'%2#-.' '
2->:26>5''
$#!"#' >)/%!'?-"!'2)$#,'%)'$.)=)%#';5:75'6:'#*-=-&!%-&3' '
%2#'=-*-%!.:5'
.#*!%-)&/2-$' A%H/'-=$).%!&%'%)'=!-&%!-&'!'3)),'952:60-/340;'8-%2' '
:)9.'&#-326)./5'
.#/$#"%' >2-*,.#&'/2)9*,'!*8!:/'953;576'%2#-.'#*,#./5' '
/#*+'-=!3#' (#)$*#'8-%2'!&).#C-!').'69*-=-!')+%#&'2!4#'!'$)).' '
352@B0?:15<'%2#:'9/9!**:'%2-&0'%2#:'!.#'%))'+!%5'
/)"-!*'/#"9.-%:' A&'%2#'J&-%#,'K%!%#/1'$#)$*#'")**#"%'=)&#:'+.)='3-70:2' '
357.906>'82#&'%2#:'%9.&'EL5''
/)9."#' 72#'+!=-*:'-/'!'3-.975')+'=9"2'*)4#'!&,'!++#"%-)&5' '
4!*9#' >)/%!'?-"!&/'$*!"#'=9"2'C:2.5')&'/$#&,-&3'%-=#'8-%2' '
%2#-.'+!=-*-#/5''
8#**M6#-&3' 'K)"-!*'/#"9.-%:'2#*$/'%)'#&/9.#'%2#'D522B<50/1')+' '
$)).'$#)$*#5'
'
!"##$%&'' ' ()!*+' ' ' )#",-)#$%&' ' ' ./'
'
+"0,"-*' ' +"!)#$%&' ' ,)1' ' ' ' 2$"&"0-)+'
'
)3-*'$4)5"&' ' 5"&"+*0$6)6' ' "7,"#-)-$()'6"'($6)' ' #*4,+*4$0*'
'
!)1*' ' ' +*2*' ' ' 0"53+$6)6'0*#$)!' ' .3"&-"'
'
!")!-)6'' '
! ,-%%!."//#$*0-+*"$%!
!"#$%& '()*$*+*"$%&
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!#$%&"'(!)%*++$,(!-%!%$.-%/$/!.-001,*."+*-,!
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!2$%3-,!+4"+!%$.$*#$3!3-0$+4*,5!
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!)%*++$,!-%!2%*,+$/!.-001,*."+*-,!
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! 3-0$+4*,5!+4"+!.-,,$.+3!-,$!+4*,5!+-!",-+4$%!
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! 6".+3(!*,6-%0"+*-,!",/!37*''3!".81*%$/!&9!"!2$%3-,!
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! *,6-%0"+*-,!"&-1+!%$.$,+!-%!*02-%+",+!$#$,+3!
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!2'".$!6%-0!)4*.4!3-0$+4*,5!.",!&$!-&+"*,$/!
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!2$%3-,!)4-!*3!*,#-'#$/!*,!2-'*+*.3!
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!."13$(!$:2'","+*-,!-%!;13+*6*."+*-,!!
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! +-!/%")!"++$,+*-,!+-!3-0$+4*,5!+-!2%-0-+$!3"'$3!
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!2$%3-,!)4-!13$3!-%!-2$%"+$3!3-0$+4*,5!
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!6%$81$,.9!13$/!*,!+$'$#*3*-,!-%!%"/*-!+%",30*33*-,!
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!+$'$#*3*-,!-%!%"/*-!",,-1,.$0$,+!
,"1-2%&-$3&4-2#(%&
536(0+*7(%&*$& 536(0+*7(%&*$&
;($+($0(&
8$92*%:& ;<-$*%:&
.1%*-13! =>0!3-!0#1*"#%!+-!6*,/!-1+!)4"+>3!*,!+4$!&-:?! !
/$6*",+! @4"+!.4*'/!*3!#$%9!3()*-$+A!4$!,$#$%!-&$93!4*3!2"%$,+3B! !
@4$!)-0",!)"3!*,!"!."%!"..*/$,+!",/!*3!,-)!3*%-=2(3!&$."13$! !
/*3"&'$/! 34$!*3!2"%"'9C$/B!
=!'*7$!32$,/*,5!+*0$!)*+4!D"%*-!&$."13$!4$!*3!"!#$%9!)1*($32>! !
6%*$,/'9! 2$%3-,B!
4*//$,! E4$!.",>+!3$$!+4$!/-5!&$."13$!*+!*3!:*33($!*,!+4$!5%"33B! !
'*#$! F%$!9-1!5-*,5!+-!3$$!+4$!.-,.$%+!2*7(G! !
=+>3!*02-%+",+!+-!&$!<"2*+(!"+!+4$!/*,,$%!+"&'$A!"')"93!3"9! !
2-'*+$! H2'$"3$I!",/!H+4",7!9-1BI!
%$.$,+! J"#$!9-1!4$"%/!+4$!,$)3!"&-1+!+4$!1(0($+!$"%+481"7$G! !
3+%-,5K)*''$/! @4"+!)-0",!*3!#$%9!%+1"$9?@*22(3A!/-,>+!+%9!+-!.4",5$!4$%!0*,/B!! !
L4$,!9-1!"%$!13*,5!+4$!*,+$%,$+(!9-1!.",!.'*.7!-,!+4$!#$3(12*$(3! !
1,/$%'*,$/! )-%/3B!
1,*81$! M#$%9!2$%3-,!*3!#$*A#(A!,-!-,$!$'3$!*3!$:".+'9!+4$!3"0$B!! !
D",9!2$-2'$!"%$!@"11*(3!&$."13$!+4$!.%*0$!%"+$!*3!%*3*,5!*,! !
)-%%*$/! N-3+"!O*."B!!
!
!"#$%&'%(')*&+,% -".&'&/&0'%
! "#!$#%&!#'!%&()*+,!-#.,"/%&0!
! "#!(1*-,!-#.,#&,!#'!-#.,"/%&0!"#!(#.,!
! "#!"'1&-.%"!1!2'#0'1.!#'!%&3#'.1"%#&!45!'1+%#!#'!",),6%-%#&!
! "#!,71.%&,!-#.,"/%&0!#'!6,'%35!%"-!1((*'1(5!
! "#!-,),("!-#.,"/%&0!*-%&0!1!(#.2*",'!.#*-,!
! "#!0%6,!-#.,"/%&0!#*"!
! "#!0%6,!.#&,5!8#'!"/%&0-9!"#!1!0##+!(1*-,!
! "#!.1:,!2#--%4),!#'!#2,'1"%#&1);!"#!1("%61",!
! "#!3%&+!
! "#!-,"!-#.,"/%&0!*2!#&!1!!2,'.1&,&"!41-%-!
! "#!4,(#.,!)1'0,'!
! "#!0%6,!-#.,#&,!31("-!#'!%&3#'.1"%#&;!",))!
! "#!1''%6,<!"#!0,"!1-!31'!1-!
! "#!-"',&0"/,&!#'!-*22#'"!
! "#!+%-.%--!1-!%&1+,=*1",!#'!%&122'#2'%1",;!"#!',3*-,!
! "#!(1*-,!-#.,"/%&0!"#!0#!%&!1!21'"%(*)1'!+%',("%#&!
! "#!4,!4,"",'!#'!.#',!-%0&%3%(1&"!"/1&!-#.,#&,!#'!-#.,"/%&0!
,)-,!
! "#!4,!1))!1'#*&+!
! "#!.1:,!0##+!*-,!#3!1&!#22#'"*&%"5!
! "#!-,,!-#.,"/%&0!
!
!
!
-"1&+!#*"! +#&1",! ()%(:! ',1(/!
-,&+! ',%&3#'(,! -*''#*&+! ,721&+!
1""'1("! "1:,!1+61&"10,!#3! ',$,("! +%-"'%4*",!
4'#1+(1-"! (/,(:! ,&14),! 6%,>!

,-"14)%-/! %&3#'.! ,&(#*&",'! 1""1(/!
!
!
"#$$%&#! %!3#'5%-6!0'),,#+6!/'!'#(/'1#1!(/""2+)(%,)/+!
'#()*)#+,! %!*#'$/+!,4%,!'#(#)3#$!$/"#,4)+&!
-#,,#'! %!0'),,#+!/'!*')+,#1!(/""2+)(%,)/+!
-)+.! $/"#,4)+&!,4%,!(/++#(,$!/+#!,4)+&!,/!%+/,4#'!
.+/0-#1&#! 7%(,$6!)+7/'"%,)/+!%+1!$.)--$!%(82)'#1!59!%!*#'$/+!
+#0$! )+7/'"%,)/+!%5/2,!'#(#+,!/'!)"*/',%+,!#3#+,$!
$/2'(#! %!*-%(#!7'/"!04)(4!$/"#,4)+&!(%+!5#!/5,%)+#1!
*/-),)()%+! %!*#'$/+!04/!)$!)+3/-3#1!)+!*/-),)($!
'#%$/+! %!(%2$#6!#:*-%+%,)/+!/'!;2$,)7)(%,)/+!!
%13#',)$)+&! ,/!1'%0!%,,#+,)/+!,/!$/"#,4)+&!,/!*'/"/,#!$%-#$!
2$#'! %!*#'$/+!04/!2$#$!/'!/*#'%,#$!$/"#,4)+&!
(4%++#-! %!7'#82#+(9!2$#1!)+!,#-#3)$)/+!/'!'%1)/!,'%+$")$$)/+!
(/""#'()%-! %!,#-#3)$)/+!/'!'%1)/!%++/2+(#"#+,!
!
"#$%!&'#!&#(&)*!+',,)#!&'#!$--.,-./$&#!$0&#.1$&/2#!&,!3,4-0#&#!#$3'!)#1&#13#*!
!
5!61#7!8,9!7,90%!:/2#!4#!$!1#7!:$4#!;,.!+'./)&4$)<!
=*!! >'#!91%#.0/1#%!7,.%)!$.#?!
!
4* 0/16/1:!7,.%)!
1* $1&,184)!
,* ',4,:.$-')!
-* ',4,-',1#)!
!@,9.!A.,&'#.!/)!2#.8!)4$.&B!A9&!8,9.!)/)&#.!/)!2#.8!%94A*!
C*! >'#!91%#.0/1#%!7,.%)!$.#?!
!
/* )81,184)!
D* $1&,184)!
6* ',4,-',1#)!
0* ',4,:.$-')!
5!.#;9)#!&,!&'.,7!48!.#;9)#!/1!&'#!./2#.*!
E*! >'#!91%#.0/1#%!7,.%)!$.#?!
!
#* $1&,184)!
;* ',4,-',1#)!
:* ',4,:.$-')!
'* 0/16/1:!7,.%)!
F.#!8,9!:,/1:!&,!,.%#.!&7,!'$4A9.:#.)!$&!&'#!.#)&$9.$1&G!
H*! >'#!91%#.0/1#%!7,.%)!$.#?!
!
$* ',4,-',1#)!
A* ',4,:.$-')!
3* ',4,-',A#)!
%* ',4/1,/%)!
"#$%!&'#!&#(&)*!+',,)#!&'#!$--.,-./$&#!$0&#.1$&/2#!&,!3,4-0#&#!#$3'!)#1&#13#*!
!
5.#!6,7!8,/18!&,!#$&!%/11#.!$&!&'#!.#)&$7.$1&!,.!$.#!6,7!8,/18!&,!#$&!$&!',4#9!!
:*!! ;%#1&/<6!&'#!0/1=/18!>,.%!/1!&'#!)#1&#13#?!
!
4* $&!
1* ,.!
,* 6,7!
-* 8,/18!
@'#!%,3&,.)!8$2#!A$.B$!$!)',&!0$)&!>##=C!D7&!'#.!)64-&,4)!$.#!)&/00!&'#!)$4#*!!
E*! ;%#1&/<6!&'#!0/1=/18!>,.%!/1!&'#!)#1&#13#?!
!
/* 8$2#!
F* )&/00!
=* >##=!
0* D7&!
@'#!',)&#0!'$)!$!'/8'G)-##%!;1&#.1#&!3,11#3&/,1C!),!6,7!3$1!)#1%!&'#!#4$/0!&'#.#*!
H*! ;%#1&/<6!&'#!0/1=/18!>,.%!/1!&'#!)#1&#13#?!
!
#* '$)!
<* ),!
8* )#1%!
'* 6,7!
J7$1!$1%!K./3!>/00!8,!&,!&'#!-$.&6!</.)&!$1%!;!>/00!4##&!&'#4!&'#.#!$&!E?LM*!!
I*! @'#!71%#.0/1#%!>,.%!<713&/,1)!$)?!
!
$* $!',4,-',1#!
D* $!)61,164!
3* $1!#($4-0#!
%* $!0/1=/18!>,.%!
"#$%!&'#!&#(&)*!+',,)#!&'#!$--.,-./$&#!$0&#.1$&/2#!&,!3,4-0#&#!#$3'!)#1&#13#*!
!
5$.,0%6)!4,&'#.!7$)!2#.8!-0#$)#%!7'#1!)'#!)$7!'/)!91:0/)'!:.$%#)*!
;*! <'#!!"#$#"%!,=!&'#!7,.%!-0#$)#%!/)>!
!
$* %/)$--,/1&#%!
?* 3,13#.1#%!
3* )$&/)=/#%!
%* $1:.8!
9$&/1:!$&!=$4/08@,71#%!!"#$!!/)!,=&#1!4,.#!$==,.%$?0#!&'$1!#$&/1:!$&!0$.:#.!
.#)&$A.$1&)B!$1%!&'#!=,,%!/)!CA)&!$)!:,,%*!
DE*!<'#!!"#$#"%!,=!&'#!7,.%!$==,.%$?0#!/)>!
!
#* #(-#1)/2#!
=* %#0/3/,A)!
:* -.#-$.#%!
'* /1#(-#1)/2#!
<'#!4#%/3$&/,1)!&'#!%,3&,.)!:$2#!F/4!$.#!4$G/1:!'/4!=##0!?#&&#.B!),!&'#8!4A)&!?#!
#==#3&/2#*!!
DD*!<'#!&#'$#"%!,=!&'#!7,.%!#==#3&/2#!/)>!
!
/* A1)A33#))=A0!!
C* =A13&/,1$0!
G* )A33#))=A0!
0* /1$--.,-./$&#!
H$G#!)A.#!&'$&!8,A.!.I)A4I!/)!A-%$&#%!?#=,.#!8,A!:,!,1!$18!/1&#.2/#7)*!
DJ*!<'#!!"#$#"%!,=!&'#!7,.%!A-%$&#%!/)>!
!
4* 3,..#3&#%!
1* ,A&@,=@%$&#!
,* 3A..#1&!
-* /1&#.#)&/1:!
sELEccr6N uturcn ?rar*i cs*ss+4{
Read the text. Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences.
Alvaro Solano and Lisbeth Vindas are two Costa Rican surfers. Both took first place
in their respective competitive categories in the opening weekend of the Circuito

Anual Nacional de Surf 2OO4-5 in Playa Esterillos on the Central Pacific Coast. The
"Grahd Prix Mango Esterillos" kicked off the fifth year of the competition with more
than 120 participants. The weather conditions were perfect - sunny, no rain or clouds,
and the waves were great' even at dead low tide. Lisbeth Vindas said," Esterillos is
my favorite wave", which perhaps explains her confident and outstanding

performance during the circuit opening weekend. She ended first in the women's
category.
2 l
l
{
: *,.
!i
1) The texi talks about
A) 204 surfers
B) favorite waves
C) a surf competition
D) weather conditions
2) , Alvaro and LlsbethoFrlretd,h[

' ;+'.: .., ..
A) different sports' ' ,. . :' .
B) different catry$es
C) the sarne egolies " .' ,, , ',:
D) the women's catBgory
3) This was the ,":j
A) 3"1
B) sth
c) 15th
D) 3on'
4l According to the reading, weaiher is perfect for this sport.
A) dry
B) wet
C) rainy
D) cloudy
5) This surf competition takes place in Esterillos-.

A) yearly
B) weekly
C) monthly
D) twice a year
3
Read the text and choose the conect alternative to complete each statement.
12\ According to the article, Costa Rica's meals are
A) spicy and greasy :
B) baked and tasty

C) greasy and light'
D) spicy and bland
6
13) ln Costa Rica, is the product people use the most to prepare dlfferent
dishes.
A) rice
B) tomato
C) plantain
D) cabbage
14) The article says that in one "Casado"you find

'i
' A) no meat at all :
B) salad and meat

C) different types of rice
D) nothing but beans and salad
15) Read the information below-
1. Their prices vary a lot'

2. They share similar ingredients.
3. Both of them always contain tuna fish.
4. They are served at the same meaftime.
Only sentences number talk about charecteristics that both, "Casado"'and

"Plato del DIa" have in common.
A) 1and2
B) 2and3
C) 3and4
D) 4 antd 2,
7
"t
Read tfre r6cipe and choose the altematives that complete the sentences conectly-
:
INGREDIENTS:
2 tablesPoons margarine orbutter
1 garlic clove, crushed with garlic press
% stp ftesh bread crumbs
'A qtbbosely packed fresh parsley or basil leaves, chopped
Yt cup grated Parmesan cheese
% teaspoon salt
% teaspoon ground black PePPer
2 ripe iarg" iomatoes cored and cut crosswise in half
Arrange oven rack in upper third of oven. Preheat oven to 200 "C. Une broiling
r pan or
cpokie sheet with foil-
r ln 1g-inch skillet, melt margarine over medium heat. Add garlic and-cook 1 minute or until
rrgi"nt, iti.ring.' Remove it<ittet from heat, stir in bread crumbs, parsley and Parmesan-
r Roast.
18) To prepare this recipe you need both a
A) pan and a blender

B) skillet and an oven
c) broiling pan and a mlxer
D) l Ginch oven rack and a mixer
I
1ei Before preheating the oven, you have to
A) remove the skillet from heat

B) melt margarine in a skillet
C) arrange the oven rack
D) stir bread crumbs
20) According to the text, during the preparation, you need to chop
certain ingredients.
A) oven racks
B) a grater
C) a press
D) a knife
From the affirmations above, only number_ is correct.
A)1
B)2
c)3
D)4
9
Read the text. Choose the altemative to answer the questions. *,1"
The Museum of Costa Rican Art celebrated its 25th

anniversary in the historic building on the east side
of Sabana Park. The neocolonial building originally
housed Costa Rica's first international airport until
the early 197Cs. The governmeht preserved the old
terminal, and in 1977 the art museum moved in.
The many rooms that branch off the main galiery
sene to highlight different artists, forming
constantly changing exhibits. Curently the
museum is exhibiting "Landmarks in Costa Rican
Art', which is a great opportunity to view Costa
Rica through the eyes and palettes of world-
famous artists. Francisco Z0friga's forceful
sculpture sits near Max Jimenez's and Francisco
Amighetti's prints.
10) Where was the 25th anniversary 11) What was the Museum of Art
celebrated? ln before? A(n)
A) rooms and galleries of a museum A) government house

B) Francisco Zriftiga's gallery B) artists'residence
. C) an international airport C) gallery
D) a neocolonial park D) airport
121 Who is Francisco Z$fiiga?

He's
' Whafs the museum
13)
now?
exhibiting
.A) an important sculpture A) Max's prints

B) the museum illustrator B) Z0friga's paintings
c) the museum manager C) Jim6nez'scqlptures
D) an important sculptor D) Amighetti's sculptures
6
Read'thetext.Choosethebestalternativetocompleteeachsentenl.
during mealtime.
19) Parents should
A) establish flexible schedules

B) forbid the use of PlaYthings
C) make telePhone calls
D) do schooljobs
20) The article recommends parents to
A) avoid b-alanceO me]1

B) vary the waY of cooking
C) serve fruits occasionally
D) reinforce the consumption of chips I
Read the text below and choose the best
alternative to answer each question.
Cr,anksgrvrn7t
Probably the most American of all
holidays celebrated in the united
states is Thanksgiving.
It is not a religious holiday, not a patriotic
one, but simpry 0",
"
* doing something we
forget to do, to say "thank you" for the
:oT:t'r"s most *"r0"* ;;;,j,,r;;;t""'
It all began in the 16th century, when a group
of protest"nt, ;;a in North
America'from Europe, looking for a place ".1"a
"',n*,
where they could nno ,"ligi"", ,*"0"r.
t-n:u had a very rough winter and thanks to the
help of the native lndian tribes half
) of them could survive the weather- ln spring
they planted crops and learneil"o""*
the new continent from the rndians as they
introduced th" pibr;,
;;
and turkev- burins the rarl, the pirgrims
Ed:"':prepared
:-*ol':for winter. They ,"r:::dt"""ff lTl
were so gratefur for the herp they
nao receirlo
from rhe rndians that they decided to prepare
m ;",;;;. onnl, *,,n
the new foods and hord a cerebration.
They invited the rndians to the
celebration to say "thanks". Today,
Thanksgiving has turned into a
family holiday and people eat roast
turkey,
cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie.
21) How do peopte define Thanksgiving

nowadays? As a(n)
holiday
A) religious
B) patriotic
C) tndian
D) famity
22) What is the aim of this celebration? To

A) show gratitude
e) help lndian tribes
C) .find religious freedom
D) forget to say ,,thank you,,
10
2g) What did Pilgrims learn from native lndians?
They leamed
A) about foods like corn and pumpkin

B) about the 16h century Protestanls
C) how to anive in North America
D) how to survivg in EuroPe
24)WhydidmanyPilgrimsdieduringthefirstwinter?
Because theY
) B) ate PumPkin and turkeY

C) were native lndian tribes
D) faced tenible weather conditions
25) what did Pilgrims do to thank th.e lndians for their help?
They
A) prepared delicious dishes and a party

B) created a patriotic simple holiday
C) harvested during wirlter
D) went back to EuroPe
26;) What did the Pilgrims do after their first winter?

They
A) forgot to saY thanks

B) grew foods for the next winter
C) turned the celebration into 1 religious holiday
D) gave the Protestants pumpkin pie and roast turkey
11
ffie Inglis L / Bachillerato por Madurez Saficiente ,
SELECTION 70 ITEMS
Read the text-
Gosta Rican Athletes in a Ghoose the appropriate alternative to

Regional Championship complete each sentence based on the
previouslext.
The 22nd Central American and
Garibbehn Track and Field 1) Nery Brenes is
Ghampionship was held in Cuba
from Friday July 3rd to Sunday
an outstanding Costa Rican
July Sth, 2009. Costa Rica was
represented by a total of fifteen
4 athlete
athletes in which Nery Brenes
took part. The Costa Rican 0 an important organizer of the
event
athletes traveled with the
renowned trainer Walter Salazar 4 an outstanding Cuban sprinter
to Habana, Cuba. Thirty-five a renowned international trainer
DJ
athletes from Central American
and Caribbean countries
competed at this event making it a 2't Cuba was in charge bf
top level competition. From
Costa Rica, the.most ouistahding
hosting the event
athlete,was sprinter (a perso-n & training the athletes
who takes part in short distance v)
races) Nery Brenes who has organizing the next Olympics
gradually and steadily made a c) organizing the 23rd edition of
name for himself within track and
field. Brenes received instant
fame in Costa Rica when'he was
D the championship
able to easily classify for the

Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics.
3) Participants came from
Adapted from the lnternet Central America and Caribbean

A)
countries
B) Beijing, Costa Rica and Cuba
e) Cuba an{ Costa,Rica only
q all over Latin America
{}t}tT=il:
"Nature rb a blessing. Let s protect it!.
aa
rnets Inglds L / Bachillerato por Madurez Safi'ciente
Read the text
THEATER
As a nation of passionate theater lovers, Costa Rica..supports a

successful acting community, ln fact, Costa Rica supposedly has more
theater companids per.capitl than any other country in-.the-world' The
early dramatic productions were inspired by.tl: Argentinean
anO Ctrilean piaywiights ind actors who settled here. at the
""uniw'" turp of. the
century, when Otaml was estatilished as part of the standard school
curriculum.
ih; ;tr*ts of Sari Jos6 are full of tiny theaters, everything from comedy
;';r;;;, itr""i"i-in-the-round, mime, and -eugn puppet theater' crowds
get togeih"r eu"ry night Tuesday through Sunday. Pgrfolma-nces are
":9ry Ferfgry. in. English. The
ii"Ol-tii"antty in'Spa-nish, although-is the Costa.Rica's ojdest theatrical
English-sp"afting Littie Theater Group
lt p"rtonns mainl! at the C9ntr.9 .Cultural'1 Eugene O'Neill
"otp"ny.
Theater i good place to enioy and learn English' The prices are so cheap
cost as a
n"ip"opl6 couiO go to enloy a play once a week for the same
;ft[-d"adway pioduction. Tne tico Timeg apd Gosta F.ic? T-odav offer
coriplete listings of current proOuEiions-nd whether a play is in Spanish
or English. /
Adapted from http://cehtralamerica.com
Based on the previous text, choose the appropriate alternative to complete

each sentence
8) According to the text, Costa Ricans
ft) never go to the theater

$) avoid going to the theater
il Prefer comedies in English
much
D) enjoY the theater very
9) Dramatists from Argentina
founded Eugene O'Neil Theater

performed at the Centro Cultural
$ performed in the streets of San Josti

inspired Costa Rican theater producers t
..**s. .;+r\
!
D .==-.=
i =;...'--.
i{=sL**\s
L*== +
"Nature is a blessmg. Lett protect it!"

a.,t-,
*cF Inglis L / Bachillerato por Madurez SuJicientc
i
10) Costa Ricans can enjoy in the streets of San Jos6.
s.l large theater groups

a Broadway production
E mime and puppet theater

the theater in three languages
D)
11) To enjoy a performance of the Little Theater Group, peciple
need to pay a lot of money

fr}
don't have to pay anything
6) don't need to pay too much
o) have to get expensive tickets
E
'
12) People can get information about all the theater performances
in Costa Rica.
i, a
,:
$ at standard schools I
in some newspapers '

$ ?
A at the Centro Cultural

in all the streets in San Jos6
b)
****
uNature rb a blessing. Let's protect it!'
L / Bachillerato por Madurez Suficientc
ffiep Ingtds
Read the texts. Choose the appropriate alternative to complete each

sentence
The shiny weather turns white skin into a "marvelousn' tone of bronzed
skin.
13) The svno4,vm of the word "inarvelous" is'1
ft) bad
6; awful.
..'\
l/l
terrible
"d) wonderful
It was foggy. People couldn't see anything while they were driving
in the "large" citY.
14) The synonym of the word "large" is "
A} big
fr tiny
d long
small
b)
15) The underlined woqds are
antonyms
A)
d;:TJJ:;'..
o{ hornoihones
vtr
t*R*
'! Nature is a blessing.'
Le!'s protect it! "
ffiep ' Inglds L / Bachillerato por Madurez Sujicientq
'/
Read the information. Ghoose the appropriate atternatiVe to complete each'
sentence
I have a lot of friends, but just a few of them are my real friends.
16) A linking word in the previous sentence iS "
fr) but
rd) them
rta few
t)a lot of
Are your friends coming tonighlpg are they coming tomorrow night?
ri
i'
17) The underlined word functions a$l'
i'l
i
iilr {ft) a linking word

it,
ii
jl
6) a homoPhone'
an antonym
ii
C)
a svnonym
ir
ll
i
D)
18) The root of the word "cleanliness" is

.
fr) clanline .
e) Cleanlin
c\ clean
NESS.
u1
ii'
#*g*
Read the text and choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
14) La Casa de Dofia Lela is a

DO YOU WANT TO ENJOY
EATING OUTSIDE?
A) vegetarian restaurant
"La Casa de Doffa Lela" offers You B) sea food restaurant
the most varied typical food in its four C) typical restaurant
locatipns around San Jos6. Main
courses are served on wooden D) fruit market
platters covered with banana leaves.
Troops of waiters serve portions of
food of all shapes and sizes to large
family gatherings, most consisting of
three generations. High chairs are 15) Banana leaves are used to
provided for the tots, and a sPecial
kiddies' menu is available and served
with a variety of trimmings. However, A) serve alcohol
there is no seafood on the menu. All B) cover plafters
main courses come with rice, refried C) serye seafood
beans, tortillas, fried sweet plantain,
picadillo (diced potatoes or D) provide the tots
vegetables, or a mixture of both). The
restaurant is not licensed to serve
alcohol (beers, wine, rums, etc.), but
offers a selection of non-alcoholic
beverages such as: horchata, fresh 16) The menu of this restaurant
fruit drinks, agua dulce, etc.
A) includes seafood
B) includes vegetables
C) doesn't include drinks
D) doesn't include food for kids
17) At Dofia Lela's restaurant, it is not

allowed to sell
A) alcohol
B) picadillos
C) agua dulce
D) refried beans
7
that compretes each sentence correctly'
Read the recipe and choose the arternative
16). You add the onion after You

A) mix lime iuice with other ingredients''
greens
B) serve the mixture on top of
C) toss all the ingredients
D) serve the main dishes
you need
17) While you are preparing this recipe'
A) no spoons
B) four dishes .' ,
C) two different bowls I i

D) two bowls of the same sizerxt:;
for this recipe are

1B) Two different vegetables required
A) broccoli and shelled shrimP

B) watercress and celery
C) carrots and cabbage
D) cucumber and onion
Read the text. Choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence (19
and 20).
COMPARING EATING HABIT$
The main difference between Chinese and

western eating habit is that unlike the
West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed
on the table and everybody shares. lf you are being treated by a Chinese host be
prepared for a wide variety of dishes. Chinese are very proud of their culture of
,cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. Sometimes the Chinese
host uses their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate; this is a sign of
politeness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat it and say how yummy it is.
lf you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leave
the food there. Don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. lnstead, lay
them on your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody dies, the shrine to
them contains a bowl of sand or rice with two sticks of incense stuck upright in it.
So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it looks like this shrine and is
equivalent to wishing death upon a person at the table!
19) Chinese people
A) are very proud of their, gastronomic culture

g) Oistite to have a variety of food on the table
C) have problems showing the use of their utensils
like to put the chopsticks upright in the rice bowls
1)
20) According to the writer, a sign of Chinese hosts' politeness is when they
A") ask guests to sit down

serve guests their beverages
B) keep an enjoyable conversation with their guests
0 put food in the guest'bowl with their own chopstick
s)
lN?1-nR
Read the text. Choose the correct option that answers each question 1)t,zs and 26).
VALENTINE'S DAY 24) Who celebrates the Valentine's

ON FEBRUARY 14TH Day in the current days?
Valentine's Day is the'sweethearts
day when people in love express their
ftl Ong happy lovers
affection'for each other in happy and 6) All engaged couples
merry ways. This celebration is a well
e) Many people of any age
'\ Just old friends and
known and celebrated day in most 0l
countries around the world. ""ou"intances
It is a ddy for fantasy and .fuq, and for
confession of tender emotions of love and 25) Accord ing to the writer, why do
friendship. The affectionate rnessages people celebrate the Valentine's
might be carried by b heart-shaped box Day?
People celebrate the Valentine's
mostly than a rectangular box that may be Day to
full of fancy chocolate candies, or by a
bouquet of tulips tied with red ribbons,- lt A} write poems about gifts
visit their older relatives
might be delicately written on a flower s)
covered card or stated in a modern t, buy presents for themselves
manner. Then again, under a red

wrapping, a young wife or sweetheart
0 show their friendship and love
might find a book of poems, or a tiny

porcelain vase. But in whatever form, the 26) According to the reading, where
do people celebrate the Valentine's
message is the same: r'Will you be my Day?
Valentine?" Valentines used to be
reserved for young lovers, but nowadays ftl ln all public institutions
At any people's offices
grandparents, parents, cousins, and b) Just in Costa Rican towns
friends of any age take the occasion to fr)
express their affection through a small gift q ln most cities and towns of the
world
or card than can be found at many stores,
bookshops and newsstands.
tN21-08 1r|
Read the text. Choose the correct option to answer each question (27,28,29 and 30).
BIODIVER,SITY IN COSTA RICA
Biodiversity is a resource with enormous

potential, both for intellectual and economlc
purposes and as an instrument for a country's
development. The tropical zones of the
American continent, where Costa Rica is located,-
contain a greater divdrsity of species and
ecosystems, as well as a broader range of interactions, compared with other tropical
regions of the world. Withra.tand alea of only 51.100 km2 10.OSYo of the planet's
surface) and 589.000 km2 of territorial waters, Costa Rica is one of the 20 countries
with greatest biodiversity in the world. The institution in charge of the task of
is the Ministry of the Environment and
administering Costa Rica's biodiversity
Energy (MINAE), and more specifically to the ,National System of Conservation
Areas (SINAC), which is responsible for the conservation and strstainable use of the
country's biodiversity. A little over 25Vo of the country's territory is under"some
category of protection, anci this percentage is increasing thanks to the support of the
private sector, which has created many private reserves dedicated mainly to
Fcotorrrislrl-iRd research. Thiq is a conservation effort that few countries in the
world have undertaken and in which Costa Rica has invested substantia! resources
for the well-being of present and furture generations. I
27\ Who is responsible for monitoring Costa Rica's biodiversity?
The Ministry of Education

The National Park Rangers and Guards
Some people who live in biodiversity areas
The National System of Conservation Areas
28) What percentage of the country is under biodiversity protection?
The quantity of territory,under protection is percent.
just four
twenty fiv.e
more than fif.ty
less than twelve
29) Who sponsors the funds for ecotourism and research?
private sector
Ministry of Education
public municipal offices
National System of Conservation Areas
30) Why have most Costa Ricans invested in environmental conservation?

Because they want to
become very rich people

use a lot of animal species
preserve the land for future generations
have the weakest biodiversity protection
rN21-08 12
Read the text and choose the appropriate option to complete each
statement according to
it.
37) Touiism produces
in Canada.
A) snowfall
B) rnajor benefits
C) economical loss
D) natural resources
9"
38)" ln Cana'db, ' tourists 'are gener.ally
attrqcted by
A) low prices
B) nice beaches
C) souvenir shops
D) local celebrations
39) Canadians
to supp-ort tourism.
A) make use of their fishing areas

B) 'take advantage of their rurron,
C) offer low prices in skiing centers
D) recommend visits to close islands
The Calgary Exhibition Sfampede r's a

Can adia n Weste rn-t i ke festiv at
lN11-09 16
Rebd the text below.
GHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS)"
There are many symptoms that might show that

someone is srrffering from a Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
(CFS), Some of these symptoms are feeling tired for a
long time, doing less than half of what used to be done,
sore throat and unexplained sore muscles, short-term
memory or loss of concentration, among others.
':
No one is certain about what causes CFS'
Researchers are still looking for the main origin of thls health
problem, but'they have concluded that the symptoms may be caused by an
immune system that is not working well, or by some kind of virus.
The first step to be sure that someone suffers from CFS is to find out if there is a
medical cause. Doctors will probably want to review symptoms and medical
history, and ask for a physical exam. The person who suffers from CFS should try
to:
> Keep up some level of activity and exercise, both can help body and mind.
This syndrome is something people can overcome with some medical attention,
but basically, by keeping an eye on any unusual emotional or physical change.
Based on the text above, choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence.
(ltems from 40 to aa)
40) One symptom of Cfrronic Fatigue Syndrome is
A) chronic insomnia
B) frequent tiredness
C) an acute headache
D) good concentration
1N41.10 15 1
;i
1.1
' r:.J
is a possible cauSe
':'..,
to diagnose a patient with the CFS"
' i^'; il i i.
. I.
Sriyndrome reguires
A)l personal support

B)' iihe system
c)
D)
44) People w.ho,,suffer from CFS should have to treat this

syndrome.
r .:
A) physical activity
B) shorl-terrn memory
C) loss of concentration
D) anger and irustratlon
tN41-10 1.6
Fead the text below. choose the:appropriate arternative to complete each se
ntence. (ltems
(.rom 40 to 43)
40) The text explains how most

Costa Ricans are proud of their
A) democratic lifestyle
B) judicial system
C) habeas corpus
D) army
41) Democratic principl:l* guarantee

that all towns have
Democracy means that even the smallest
town in the country has the right to have A) airports
electricity, potable water, and public or B) coffee planters
private telephones., C) basic public services
D) more police officers than
National pride staried with the historical teachers
crigins of democracy. Juan Mora

F-ern6ndez (182Q instituted a fair.judicial 42) Juan Mora Ferndndez established
:system, the iirst .newspaper, free public for all Ticos.
education, and free land grants for coffee A) private banks
lclanters. B) potable water
C) freedom of speech
-The 1949. Constitution guarantees citizens D) open access to education
as well as.foreigners basic rights: the right
I
f o own, the right to petition and assembly. 43) The 1949 Constitution gtr-;arantees
{he right to habeas corpus, and freedom of
certain rights to _ ___.
speech A) just foreigners
Adapted from "Democracv', by Info Costa Rica Travel
staif http ://infocosta rica. com/generalldemocracy. html.
B) Ticos and {oreigiters
C) certainCentralAmericans
D) Costa Ricans but not
foreigners
lNr 1-OgT 1A
Based on the lext below, choose the appropriate arternative
(ltems from 52 to 5a)
that compretes gach sentence.
COMPUTER NETWORI(
ADMINISTRATCIfT 52) One of the reguirements for the job is to
be able to
Z. & F. lnternational seeks an
experienced computer technician A) speak English
for maintenance, adrninistration cf B) maintain the traffic
C) help alt old technicians
lnternet servers and service D) surf the internet to become an
customer vrorkstations. expert
. Must have experience with lligh
traffic, mission critical seryers.
. Must be available 24 hours, 7 days 53) The applicant has to be available to work
a week (for emergency response).
. Windows NT server expei'ience is A) 24 weeks
a MUST. B)' 7 hoursaweek
. C) 24 emergency days
Linux experience is desirecJ. but
D) at any time of the week
not required.
. English speaking is a MUST.
La Aurora, Heredia. 54) The applicant is required to work with
Send r6sum6 to itpc@gmail.com
A) administrators
B) standard traffic
C) Windows NT server
D) any type of technicians
lN3: " ^^-

Based on the text below, choose the appropriate option to complete each statement.
'
IPHONE
The lPhone is a multidredia and lnternet-enabled mobile phone designed and sold
by Apple lnc. at a higher price than ordinary mobile models. The lPhone's
functions include those oJ a camera phone and a multimedia player. lt also
offers lnternet services including e'mail, text messaging, web
browsing and visual voicemail. .User input is accomplished via a
multi-touch screen with virtual keyboard and buttons. The lPhone
became availabte in 2007 in the United States. from Apple retail stores for a
.contracted price of US$499 for the 4 GB modeland US$599 for the B GB model.
Apple released a video explaining many of the lPhone's features through a series of
eye popping demonstrations.
FEATURES: The first generation lPhone introduces some features like:

Touch screen: The 3.5 inches liquid crystat display touch screen topped with
optical-quality glass is specifically created for use ryith one, or multiple fingers for
multi-touch sensing. However, because the screen-is a capacitive touch screen, no
stylus is needed, nor can one be used. So, the requirement for bare skin to be used
caused concerns for users in areas with winter climates; gloves worn would then
have to be removed to use the touchpad.
Gamera: The lPhone features a built-in photographic camera located on the back,
with no video functions. lt also includes a program that allows the user to upload,
view, and g-rnail thousands of photographs.
MultimeCia: The lPhone can sort its media library by songs, artists, albums, videos,
playlists, genres, composers, podcasts, audio-books, and compilations.
Bafterv: The lPhone features a built-in rechargeable battery, but it is not intended
to be user-replaceable. Once the battery reaches the end of its life time, the phone
will need to be returned to Apple and replaced for a fee.
Adapted from,www : e n. wi ki p ed i a. o rg/l P h o n e
55) The article is about the newest technology regarding
A) cameraS
B) a cellular, phone
C) voicemail receivers
D) a multimedia keyboard
tN11-09 23
56) When using this,device you have to use on the touch screen.
: A) gloves
'B) : , mittens
C) . the stylus
D) your fingers
:
57) The multiniedia.section of th.e lPhone is primarily used to organize and reprqduce
A) music
B) e-mails
C) pictures i
D) voicemails
58) With the incorpoiated camera,'you can send pictures to your
A) multimedia
B) voicemail
C) battery
D) e-mail
59) The price of the new lPhones are a regular cel! phone.
'A) cheaper than
B) .the same price as
C) not as expensive as
D) much more expensive than
. 60) Some limitations in the features of the first lPhone are in the
A) screen, the battery and the camera
B) multimedia and the factory service
C)' price and the photographs
D) lnternet service
tN11-09 24
. COSTARICANS'SOLIDARITY
The generosity that the people of Costa Rica have showed during the past
emergencies demonstrates the strong values"inherent in qur culture. Despite strong
winds and cold weather, both young and old. people have arrived at the Red'Cross
parts of
collection centers to drop off their contributions to help people from differen!
the country as a symbol of solidarity.
Anoth,er lesson of solidarity has been shown by children throughout the country.
They have donated the contents of their piggy banks to buy equipment for the
disabled and sick children from different spots of the country.
It is heart-warming to see the solidarity of all Costa Ricans in times of national
emergencies. This means that this value is still in each Costa Rican home and it
improves the quality of life. However, Costa Ricans must recover and reinforce other
national key values such as respect, justice, peace and love to avoid the
Jeterioration of society due to external influences by different means'
ln that sense, it is a must that adults try to transmit generation through generation
their .ancestors' values. ln fact, all Costa Ricans must not forget the national
ancestors' great decisions when they eliminated the army, chose neutrality, and
strengthened education in the past.
Adapted by Sonia Mora and others
Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option to answer each question?
61) Why is people's generosity important?.

Because it
A) reinforceshumans'sufferings
C) helps to increase emergencies
B) contributes to others' indifferences
D) improves humanitarian relationships
.:
i
25 ,] I
tN41-10 -,,*
{
n
i
62) What did old people do after the last emergency :
They,helped -
, A) , in spite of the bad weather

1,
., 't
C) facing hot weather ' :fl-'t "'if

J1
D) only their relatives
. ). i Ji ,l.
6.31 How did the Red Cross work? By

t
A) buying milk
B) giving people some lessons
C) distributing people's contributions
D) taking good care of the sirong winds , i
i: ;t
: ..
64) what is it stated about the abolition of the army in costa Rica?
It has been
A) a lesson taught by children

" B) an example. of Ticqs' vatues
C) a way to show people's ancestors
D) a demonstration of national civil war
65) How rnust Costa Rican ctrildren grow up?
A) Sunounded byweapons
B) Conserving external beliefs
C) Rejecting their parents'values
D) Followingtheirancestois'values
tN41-10 26
Read the text below. Choose the appropriate alternative'ttrat completes each
66) E-mail is a waY to send
over the comPuter.
WHAT IS E-MAIL?
A) letters
E-mail is a shortened version B) qhecks
of the words "eleictronic" and C) individuals
"mail". lt can .as.s
be considered D) comPuter Programs
the electronic r.@* I
version of a ir."') *\
letter sent over 67) "Outlook" is a very well-known
the computer.
A) letter
E-mail is one of the most
B) e-mail
used and poputar services on
the lnternet. lt enables C) internet service
rnessages to be transferred D) comPuter Program
from an individual to another
or from an individual to a
group of people. 68) You can send by e-mail.
Documents (audio, video, A) cash

pictures, etc.) n be
B) images
attached and sent with the e-
mail messages. E-mails can C) outlook
be sent and viewed in various D) individuals'
ways, depending on the client
applications used.' Some
common programs include 69) ln order to read e-mails, you have ,o -
"Outlook", "Egdora", and
"Apple mail". A) view the reciPient -.
E-mails can be sent and B) connect to the lnternet
viewed anywhere in
the C) be considered electronic
world.' Recipients can check D) call the recipient over the phone
their "inbox" (where e-mails
are stored) at any time theY
connect to the lnternet. 70) You can check your electronic mailbox from
with lnternet access.
A) any comPuter
B) the Outlook store
C) a group of PeoPle
D) your own PC onlY
27
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Answer Key
Worksheets
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!"#$%&'( )*+"%&'( ,-.%"%/%0"(+"1(&2"0"23(
+14+"5-1( "#"$%"&'! "()"&!*$!&)#)+',-)$.!'/!,/'0/)112!&)#)+',)&!
+14+"/+#-( #)$."3"! "!4'$&*.*'$!.(".!,5.1!"!,)/1'$!*$!"!15,)/*'/!,'1*.*'$2!6)$)7*.!
+3+/-67( "-".)5/! "!,)/1'$!8('!,"/.*4*,".)1!*$!"!1,'/.!"$&!*1!$'.!,"*&2!$'$,/'7)11*'$"+!
+/'$-/-( ".+)."! "!,)/1'$!8('!,"/.*4*,".)1!*$!1,'/.12!1,'/.1-"$!
+8.6$( ('//*6+)! #)/9!6"&2!('//*6+)!
"!."1:!'/!1*.5".*'$!.(".!.)1.1!1'-)'$);1!"6*+*.*)1!<=!.'!"..)-,.!.'!8*$!"!4'$.)1.!'/!
5'+$$-"#-( /).'!
4'-,).*.*'$2!.)1.!
5'+$$-"#%"#( &*7>4*+! 1'-).(*$0!.(".!*1!("/&!.'!&'2!&*77*45+.!
5'+3*%0"( 4"-,)?$! .()!,)/1'$!8('!("1!&)7)".)&!"++!',,'$)$.1!*$!"!1,'/.1!4'-,).*.*'$2!8*$$)/!
)$./)$"&'/@!
50+5'( "$!".(+).*4!*$1./54.'/2!./"*$)/!
&*/)4.'/@!.A4$*4'!
503*-/-( 4'-,).*/! .'!.":)!,"/.!*$!"!4'$.)1.2!,"/.*4*,".)!
503*-/%/%4-( 4'-,).*.*#'! ("#*$0!"!1./'$0!&)1*/)!.'!6)!-'/)!1544)1175+!.("$!'.()/12!"-6*.*'51!
50"&%&/-"/( 4'$1*1.)$.)! 5$4("$0*$0!*$!"4(*)#)-)$.!'/!)77)4.2!/)+*"6+)!
1-1%5+/-1( &)&*4"&'! &)#'.)&!.'!1'-).(*$02!4'--*..)&!
1%&+14+"/+#-( &)1#)$."3"! "$!5$7"#'/"6+)!4*/45-1."$4)!'/!4'$&*.*'$2!&/"86"4:!
-9*-7%-"5-1( )B,)/*-)$."&'! ("#*$0!:$'8+)&0)!'/!1:*++2!:$'8+)&0)"6+)!
.073-7( )BC! ("#*$0!,/)#*'51+9!7*++)&!"!/'+)2!,/)4)&*$0!
#+3-( ,"/.*&'@!35)0'! "!7'/-!'7!,+"9!'/!1,'/.2!)#)$.!
#0+$( -)."! "$!"*-!'/!&)1*/)&!/)15+.2!'63)4.*#)!
:+$$(0.(;+3-( D51)'!&)!E"-"! "!-51)5-!&)&*4".)&!.'!)B4)++)$.!".(+).)12!F++CG."/!
<$23*%5&( H5)0'1!<+>-,*4'1! "$!*$.)/$".*'$"+!1,'/.*$0!4'-,).*.*'$!
$0&-( ,)/&)/! .'!7"*+!.'!8*$!"!0"-)!'/!4'$.)1.2!6)!&)7)".)&!
06/&/+"1%"#( )B4)+)$.)! )B4),.*'$"++9!0''&2!)B4)++)$.!
*+%".6$( &'+'/'1'! 4"51*$0!&*14'-7'/.!'/!,"*$2!5$4'-7'/."6+)!
*$+5-( +50"/! "!,"/.*45+"/!,'1*.*'$2!1,'.!
*0*6$+7( ,',5+"/! 1'-)'$)!8('!*1!"&-*/)&!"$&!)$3'9)&!69!'.()/12!8)++C+*:)&!
*70.-&&%0"+$( ,/'7)1*'$"+! "!,)/1'$!8('!,"/.*4*,".)1!*$!"!1,'/.!"$&!*1!,"*&2!)B,)/.!
7-/%7-( /).*/"/! .'!0*#)!5,!'/!1.',!,+"9*$0!"!1,'/.2!I5*.!
7%4+$( /*#"+! "!,)/1'$!4'-,).*$0!8*.(!"$'.()/!*$!.()!1"-)!1,'/.!'/!)#)$.2!4'-,).*.'/!
706"1( ).","! '$)!'7!"!1544)11*'$!'7!1."0)1!*$!"!1,'/.*$0!4'$.)1.2!()".!
&-+&0"( .)-,'/"&"! .()!.*-)!*$!.()!9)"/!8()$!"!,"/.*45+"/!1,'/.!*1!,+"9)&2!,)/*'&!
&=%$$.6$( ."+)$.'1'! ("#*$0!'/!1('8*$0!1:*++2!."+)$.)&!
&/7-"#/'( 75)/%"! ,(91*4"+!,'8)/!"$&!)$)/092!7'/4)!
/-+3( )I5*,'! "!0/'5,!'7!".(+).)1!.(".!,+"9!'/!,"/.*4*,".)!.'0).()/2!0/'5,!
/%/$-( .>.5+'! .()!,'1*.*'$!'7!6)*$0!.()!4("-,*'$!*$!"!-"3'/!1,'/.1!4'-,).*.*'$2!7*/1.!,+"4)!
/067"+3-"/( .'/$)'! "!1)/*)1!'7!4'$.)1.1!6).8))$!"!$5-6)/!'7!4'-,).*.'/12!4'-,).*.*'$!
.'!5$&)/.":)!"!4'5/1)!'7!)B)/4*1)!"$&!&*).!*$!'/&)/!.'!-"*$."*$!"!(*0(!+)#)+!'7!
/7+%"( )$./)$"/!
,(91*4"+!7*.$)112!,/"4.*4)!
6"$%=-( &*7)/)$.)! $'.!.()!1"-)2!&*77)/)$.!
4%5/072( ./*5$7'! .()!"4.!'7!&)7)".*$0!"$!',,'$)$.!*$!"!0"-)2!1544)11!
807$1>5$+&&( 7"-'1'@!."+)$.'1'! .()!6)1.!*$!.()!8'/+&2!)B4)++)$.!
807$1>7-"08"-1( 7"-'1'! *$.)/$".*'$"++9!:$'8$2!7"-'51!
!
!
J'+&!-)&"+!K!7*/1.!,+"4)!LM1.N!
G*+#)/!-)&"+!K!1)4'$&!,+"4)!LO$&N!
P/'$%)!-)&"+!K!.(*/&!,+"4)!LQ/&N!
!"#$%&'$()*+,$ 234+&+#+.&*$
-.,%/)0%"1$
!"#$%!&' !'()"%*&'+,*'-!.)%'/"!0#%'12',!&3'
/,*")*4"!(,)"' !'()"%*&'+,*'/*-(*%)%'-*5)%'0*"'
()"0*"-!&/)%'
/6!2' ")3'$&'/*6*"7'8%)3'#*'-!.)'/)"!-$/%'
/*66)/#$*&' !'4"*8('*0'#,$&4%'*"'()*(6)''
/*-(*%)"' !'()"%*&'+,*'+"$#)%'-8%$/'
/*(()"' !'-)#!6'8%)3'#*'0*"-'1"*&9)'
/*%#8-)' /6*#,)%'+*"&'#*'3$%48$%)'*&)%)60'
/"!0#' !&'!/#$5$#2'$&5*65$&4'%.$66'$&'-!.$&4'#,$&4%'
12',!&3'
/86#8"!6' #,)'$3)!%:'/8%#*-%:'!&3'#"!3$#$*&%'*0'!'
,)"$#!4)' %*/$)#2'
3$%(6!2' #*'%,*+'%*-)#,$&4'+,)")'$#'/!&'1)'%))&'
)&%)-16)' !'4"*8('*0'-8%$/$!&%'
4!66)"2' !'"**-'0*"'#,)'3$%(6!2'*0'!"#'
,!66' !&'!83$#*"$8-'8%)3'0*"'()"0*"-!&/)%'
,!&3-!3)' %*-)#,$&4'-!3)'12',!&37'&*#'12'-!/,$&)'
*;/!"#' !'5),$/6)'+$#,'+,))6%'(866)3'12'!&'*;'
(!$&#)"' !&'!"#$%#'+,*'(!$&#%'($/#8")%'
("$-!'3*&&!' !'()"%*&'+$#,'!&');!44)"!#)3'5$)+'*0'#,)$"'
*+&'#!6)&#'
("$9)' 4$5)&'!%'!'")+!"3'#*'#,)'+$&&)"'*0'!'4!-)'
%/86(#*"' !&'!"#$%!&'+,*'-!.)%'0$48")%'*"'%#!#8)%'
%(*&%*"' !'()"%*&'+,*'("*5$3)%'08&3$&4'0*"'!'("*<)/#'
%#!4)' !'"!$%)3'06**"'+,)")'!/#*"%'*"'%$&4)"%'
()"0*"-'
#,)!#)"' !'(6!/)'+,)")'(6!2%'!&3'/*&/)"#%'!")'4$5)&'
8&$=8)' 1)$&4'#,)'*&62'*&)'*0'$#%'.$&3'
+!#)"/*6*"' (!$&#'!((6$)3'+$#,'+!#)"'"!#,)"'#,!&'*$6'
'
!"#$%!&'%()$*+%
%
,-./%-.%01.234% $56-6573%
"!#$%&'(! "!&")*!$+,!-!
"!+(.% /01!
"!2(*)(2!$+! 2$3(,!2(4(*"',!5%3(*$%2,!3"56,!"!.)7(!*"58(!$+,!4"*)$%2!
")3!9$! 9*6!9$!
"*$%57! "&&*$:)3"9('6!
;(+$*(! &*(#(7)58,!&*(4)$%2'6!
;(8)5! 29"*9,!$&(5,!<)#<!$++,!7(;%9,!'"%5#=,!)5"%8%*"9(!
#"**)(7!$%9!)5! 9$$<!&'"#(!)5,!="&&(5(7!)5!
#'("*'6! $;4)$%2'6!
#%'3)5"9)$5! +)5)2=,!(57)58!
#%**(59'6! &*(2(59'6,!5$.!
7)4(*2)96! 4"*)(96!
+(.! 5$9!3"56!
+)5)2=! #%'3)5"9)$5,!(57)58!
8(9! $;9")5,!.)5,!("*5!
<5$.5!"2! #$52)7(*(7!
3"<(!"!&$)59!$+! 3"<(!"5!(++$*9!9$!
5("*! #'$2(!9$!
$5!"56!8)4(5!7"6! "56!7"6,!"9!"56!9)3(!
$5'6! (:#'%2)4('6,!>%29!
*(2(3;'(! '$$<!')<(,!*('"9(!9$!
2%;2(?%(59'6! '"9(*!
%57$%;9(7'6! .)9=$%9!"!7$%;9!
4(*6! *("''6!
.)5! #$3(!$%9!$5!9$&,!9"<(!+)*29!&'"#(!
!
!
!
;/5&(+"3(<2&%0(;3=405%74&(
!"#$%&'( )*+"%&'( ),"-",.&(
+$+/.%"#( "#$%&'(#(! )*+,-'"&+&,.!#/%*0!
0-$-/12$( /(1(*%2(! 3+4*%&'.!561'+/(1(*"2!
34$%#'512$( 1+&2(! &+/".!4"%6'+)61.!$*"''0!
465/+7+#+"5( 167(#(! #65$'6(6#.!1686*+(6#!
1+.-2&( )%5(#(! #+,&+)+/%&'.!+5$(*'%&'.!9(*12:*"&(9&"2.!2+#'+&,6+#-"2!
1$+5( $1%&(! &('!/6*3"2!
1-/0412$( )6"*'"! $(9"*)61!
'%#'892+$%5,( )+&(! )+&"!
'-"-/+:$4( %25+*%41"! %25+*%41"!
%"54/"+5%-"+$( +&'"*&%/+(&%1! )*(5!%*(6&2!'-"!9(*12!
"234( 2"#&62(! 9+'-(6'!/1('-+&,.!&%;"2!
-$3( %&'+,6(! 1(&,:#'%&2+&,.!-+#'(*+/%1!
,*"%'.!"8/"11"&'.!9(&2"*)61.!'*"5"&2(6#.!"8'*%(*2+&%*0.!%5%<+&,.!
-25&5+"3%"#( #(4*"#%1+"&'"!
+5$*"##+3"!
*/-1-2"3( +5$(*'%&'"! 2""$.!+5$(*'%&'!
/-2"3( *"2(&2(! /+*/61%*!
5+$4"543( '%1"&'(#(! ,+)'"2!
2"2&2+$( *%*(! *%*"!
2&2+$( &(*5%1! (*2+&%*0.!&(*5%1!
7+/%43( 2+3"*#(! 2+3"*#".!9+2":*%&,+&,!
7+&5( ,*%&2"! -6,".!"&(*5(6#!
!
!"#$%&'&(#$'#)*#$
$
"#$%!&$!&'%(!()!('*+!',)-(!(#$!.-(-/$0!&$!#'1$!(&)!)2(3)%45!
!
67 &3**!8!3%.3%3(31$!
97 ()!,$!8!:)3%:!()!8!3%.3%3(31$!
!
;<'=2*$45!!
2$/.)/=5!! >#$!2/3='!?)%%'!+,--$.#(%/(0!%$<(!=)%(#!3%!@'%!A)4B7!
! ! >#$!2/3='!?)%%'!,*$1/,)1$'/$.#(%/(0!%$<(!=)%(#!3%!@'%!A)4B7!
!
$<#3,3(5!! >#$!=-4$-=!+,--$#2",3,'!#$/!'/(&)/+!3%!A-*C7!
! ! >#$!=-4$-=!,*$1/,)1$'/!$<#3,3(!#$/!'/(&)/+!3%!A-*C7!
4#(3$ 5.6),*"$ 57)/)70$

,-C!! D)=2/'/! 2-/D#'4$!
$'/%! :'%'/! &3%!
4$**! 1$%?$/! 2-(!)%!4'*$!
/$D)/?! /$D)/?'/! %)($!
D)=2$($! D)=2$(3/! 4('%?!)..!':'3%4(!
D)%434(!).! D)%434(3/! E()!,$F!D)=2)4$?!).!
='%':$!()! ($%$/!B<3()! 4-DD$$?!3%!!!
'**)&! 2$/=3(3/! 2$/=3(!
$<#3,3(! $<#3,3/! 4#)&D'4$0!?342*'C!
+%)&!).!! D)%)D$/! ,$!.'=3*3'/!&3(#!
13$&! 1$/! 4$$0!*))+!'(!
)..$/! )./$D$/! 4-::$4(!
='%':$! ?3/3:3/! /-%0!?3/$D(!
3=2/)1$! =$G)/'/! ='+$!,$(($/!
3%(/)?-D$! 3%(/)?-D3/! 2/$4$%(!
='+$! #'D$/! D/$'($!
/$.*$D(! /$.*$G'/! 4#)&!
!
!"#"$"%% &'()'%
"#$%&'%!"24*$01"! (%")!0'!1-"! *$+,"-"%% +"./$%
"*+%,&--&!+",-*! (%")+.(%!8',"%-*%0'!*,! 012-"-"$'% &("+'%
"(-/&+!0"$+1-"-! (.0+/,%!!*.0("! 0340","%% 52*6'%
"11%+.2%,!*$+,"-"! (-,&.&3!!"$"#"! ,*&'4+*,7"% ("+"%
"$4!0*$1."4! &%.34#-,!)*01$'! -1*+"% % &,*01'%
#"5.&3!1"&!!'(-*%&","% &--&!!*-1'-7"! ,"7.% % 0'!1-"%
8',$*",! )"(',% % +",*"%
#%6%,"3%!9*91-"! &/+,.+.-&!$2+,101/$! ,*0*+"% % 0*$1."4%
#-7)!+"./$! -6%&!8',$'! &'4+,*% % 02081(('%
#/83%+!&("$%51$"$01*,'! 1"&!!'(-*! +*$*-',%% '(("%
#/$.&%$$!$*6'01'4! 1"$+,9!,*&'4+*,7"! &',01/$%% +"."%
'"&!("+"! 1%"5:!+-1;!! (19,"% % &"4'%
4.34!1-.&+!02!9,*! 4",+:$% % "!16'%
'.+.2%&!012-"-"$'! 1)"+%!&("+'! (("!"% % &2(6"-"%
'--5.%!$4%%+!9"$-*;"%&","% 1)"++%,!9"$-*;"! 4"(2-% % *4&*01"4%
8',$*",! 4"9',% % 8';"%
',/(#!!16"! 1-,+.-&!&',01/$! 0208","%% 0'!1-"%
'/.$.&%!0'01$"%+7&10"! 1-+!'(("! $'08*% % 0"$+1-"-%
'/1!<'=!+"."! 1-/&8!<)#=!(19,"! 5"!1(1",%% 0"(',%
8%$$%,+!&'4+,*! 1-78%,!&'()'! !*.0("% % &("+'%
8.%+!-1*+"! 1,.'%!&,*01'! !16"% % 9"$-*;"%
8.$4!0'!1-"! ,%'.1%!,*0*+"! "24*$01"% )*01$'%
%6%&.&3!$'08*! ,%)"+.6%!5"!1(1",! !*-1'-7"% +",-*%
*.,%!52*6'! ,--+!,"7.! $*6'01'4% 9*91-"%
*)"(%!(("!"! $%"$-&.&3!*4&*01"4! 0208","-"% ;",,"%
*)"6-,!4"9',! $.8%!8.$4!&("+'%-*% ,*5,16*,1'% !'(-*%
"0'!&"#"!1*$+'! 0208","-1+"% 8',$'%
*-,5!+*$*-',! $5.))%+!4",+:$! ,"<"-',%% $2+,101/$%
*,.%&8!"!16'! $5.&!<-*!"!*,/.+=!0340","! 02!9,*%% &("0*,%
3,"+%,!,"<"-',! $&"'5!,*5,16*,1'! 0'01$"%+7&10"%
4%")+4!4"(2-! $1--&!0208","! &("+'%&,1$01&"(%
4%"+!0"(',! $+%1!&"4'! 8',"%-*%0'!*,%%
.&'4!&2(6"-"! +"#)%$1--&!<+#$1=!0208","-"! !'(-*%&","%8',$*",%
>",!;",,"! +"$5!+",*"! ! 9"$-*;"%&","%8',$*",%
5&.*%!02081(('! +%"$1--&!<+$1=!0208","-1+"! &("$%51$"$01*,'%
)%"*!8';"! +,%"+!&("0*,! &("+'%-*%"0'!&"#"!1*$+'%
!(".&!'-/,$%!&("+'! 6")/%!)"(',!
&,1$01&"(!
!"#$%&'($)*+,-,+./ *$,&$,%$/ *01,'23/
91&',:/1&/41.'7+;-<,$"/!"#$!/'2/-4&$,/.-5$/!""#$%!&'(/
144-5"167$)%3$10)/
&31,/$1&',:/1&/715:$5/5$2&1=51,&2>/1,"/&3$/4--"/'2/#=2&/ 6151&-/
',$80$,2'($/
12/:--"?/
@3$/$::2/.=2&/6$/&(!)(*/6$4-5$/1""',:/&3$./&-/&3$/
6$1&$,)<3'00$"/ 61&'"-/
.'8&=5$?/
671,")',2'0'")/
%&$'"()!/31($/1/($5+/7'&&7$/471(-5A/&3$+/15$/B='&$/&'!*%?/ ',2'0'"-/
&12&$7$22/
6-'7$")2'..$5$"/ @3$/017./45='&/'2/17<1+2/&#+'(%/6$4-5$/$1&',:?/ 3$5('"-/
D3$,/+-=/15$/6$1&',:/&3$/$::2>/6$/%15$4=7/,-&/&-/"5-0/
65-C$,)"$2&5-+$"/ 5-&-/
1,+/&$#,(*/$::23$772/',/&3$/6-<7E/
*+,$#+--"/'2/.1"$/-4/1/(15'$&+/-4/%--C$">/-.#//(%/
%3-00$")%=&/ 0'%1"-/
($:$&167$2?/
%-,($,'$,&)/ @3$/5$2&1=51,&/312/&35$$/-#*0(*+(*)/7-%1&'-,2/',/*1,/
%-,($,'$,&$/
-00-5&=,$/ F-2G?/
H-2&/-4/&3$/',:5$"'$,&2/',/($.$-)!/15$/05$;-##,(%/
%--C$"),-&/51</ %-%',1"-/
6$4-5$/&3$+/15$/071%$"/',/&3$/071,&1',/7$14?/
%5$1.+),-&/%5=,%3+/ H'8/&3$/',:5$"'$,&2/=,&'7/&3$+/15$/-$(!12?// %5$.-2-/
I71,&1',/%3'02/15$/1/-$3*-.2>/217&+/1,"/"$7'%'-=2/
%5=,%3+)%5'20/ %5=#'$,&$/
2,1%C?/
@3$/"$7'%'-=2/"$22$5&/312/1/4'77',:/.1"$/-4/-$34.(%/
%5=23$")05$22$"/ 10712&1"-/
0',$1007$?/
"15C)<'&3-=&/7':3&/ I17./45='&2/51,:$/',/%-7-5/45-./+$77-</&-/%!$,/-51,:$?// -2%=5-/
@3$/071,&/312/%((//5--&2/&31&/05-('"$/'&/<'&3/,=&5'$,&2/
"$$0)05-4-=,"/ 05-4=,"-/
1,"/<1&$5?/
/@-/20'%$/=0/&3$/%3'%C$,>/+-=/%1,/1""/2-.$/%$+(%/
"5'$")"$3+"51&$"/ 2$%-/
&3+.$>/-5$:1,-/-5/5-2$.15+?/
*-.$/!"#$!/-0$,/(!$'2/',/&3$/.-5,',:/1,"/%7-2$/71&$/
$157+),-&/71&$/ &$.051,-/
',/&3$/14&$5,--,?/
/$--"01+2("/'2/1/&51"'&'-,17/65$1C412&/"'23/&31&/'2/($5+/
$12+)2'.07$/ 4J%'7/
(!42/&-/.1C$?/
$.0&+)=,4'77$"/ D$/=2$"/177/-4/&3$/.'7CA/&3$/%15&-,/'2/(1/)2?// (1%'-/
91&',:/1&/1/7-%17/!"#$0'2/:$,$5177+/1/7$22/(5/(*4+0(/
$80$,2'($)%-2&7+/ %15-/
-0&'-,/&31,/1/715:$/5$2&1=51,&?/
D3$,/2$7$%&',:/1,/1(-%1"->/'&K2/6$2&/&-/%3--2$/-,$/&31&/
4'5.)315"/ "=5-/
'2/2-.$<31&/"+$1?/
L15'66$1,/4--"/'2/05$015$"/<'&3/.1,+/20'%$2>/2-/'&/'2/
451:51,&)2.$77+/ 15-.J&'%-/
($5+/"$!6$!*)/<3$,/%--C',:?/
L-2&1/M'%1,2/=2$/.1,+/"$(4./',:5$"'$,&2/<3$,/&3$+/
45$23),$</ 45$2%-/
%--C?/
/$--"01+2("/'2/:$,$5177+/2$5($"/<'&3/1/27'%$/-4/%3$$2$/-5/
45'$")21=&G$"/ 45'&-/
1/"$+(%/$::?/
D$/31($,K&/=2$"/1,+/3$-!$04+5$2"/+$&A/&3$/6-&&7$/'2/2&'77/
4=77)<3-7$/ 77$,-/
"3''?//
!/&+0'%17/2171"/=2=177+/%-,2'2&2/-4/2171">/&-.1&->/
:51&$")235$""$"/ 51+1"-/
%=%=.6$5>/1,"/6$!)(%/%155-&?//
I-=5/&3$/.'8&=5$/',&-/1/<$77;6$(!4(%/01,/1,"/61C$/1&/
:5$12$")-'7$"/ $,:5121"-/
NOP/"$:5$$2/Q135$,3$'&?/
:5-=,")0=7($5'R$"/ *-.$/1+,$#+--"!/172-/%-,&1',/6$#3*%/6$$4?/ .-7'"-/
@3$/5$2&1=51,&/2$5($2/1/"$7'%'-=2/%3'%C$,/"'23/<'&3/1/
3$1(+)&3'%C)<$':3&+/ $20$2-/
.(!02/%5$1./21=%$?/
!""#$%&$'#()&-)+),&+#)+./)%&0&#+12&)3#&*-)43)+2*+(3)
!"#$%&'()*+',) 6+24&.#")
3&'%&/)!"#5)
*#+#"&,)+'&)"8#&.)6""9&/)4.)+)!$%&):"#)"%&')+)*""/)
!70&$&."',"73) 0'+./&)
3#"%&5)
<'/&'4.0)+)'#,#%-)8"')27.6!)43)0&.&'+22()+.)
4.&;:&.34%&$6!&+:) 1+'+#")
'(&)*&(+',&)":#4".5)
=2#!"70!)#!&):'"6&33)"8):'&:+'4.0)#+,+2&3)43)-&(%#!.-)
2&.0#!($2".0) 2+'0")
4#)43)*"'#!)#!&)*"'95)
>.)?:+4.-)1'&+98+3#)43)+)-'%!#),&+2)#!+#)737+22()6".343#3)
240!#$."#)!&+%() 240&'+)
"8)6"88&&)+./)1'&+/5)
@!&)"*.&')"8)#!&)'&3#+7'+.#)*422)249&2()&.0+0&)("7)4.)+)
24%&2($&.&'0&#46) &.&'0A#46")
-',&-.)6".%&'3+#4".5)
,+4.$:'4.64:+2) B7.6!)43)#!&)/0'(),&+2)"8)#!&)/+()4.)C"3#+)D46+5) :'4.64:+2)
>8)("7)249&)("7').#""-$/0)1-)#")!+%&),"'&)82+%"'-)("7)
,4.6&/$/46&/) :46+/"),7()84.")
6+.)+//)/'(1&2)0+'246)+./)642+.#'"5)
2-%#,)+'&)"*&(),"3#)/+(3)"8)#!&)*&&9)+./)3&'%&)
":&.$."#)62"3&/) +14&'#")
#(:46+2)C"3#+)D46+.)/43!&35)
34#5-1&,)+'&):&+'E3!+:&/)+./)'+.0&)8'",)*0-&)#")/+'9)
:+2&$6"2"'2&33) 62+'")
0'&&.)4.)6"2"'5)
>8)("7)"%&'6""9)6!469&.-)4#3)82+%"')1&6",&3)*""3)+./)
:""'$,&+0&') ,+2")
4#3)#&;#7'&)0&#3)#"70!5)
D46&)+./)6!469&.)43)+)'&2+#4%&2()4$'15)+./)&+3(),&+2)#")
F7469$8+3#) 'G:4/")
:'&:+'&5)
H+2,)8'74#3)+'&).&%&')&+#&.)306I)#!&()+'&)+2*+(3)
'+*$7.6""9&/) 6'7/")
6""9&/5)
@!&)8'4&/):2+.#+4.3)+'&)3&02.)#")&+#)*!&.)#!&()+'&)
'&+/($:'&:+'&) 243#")
6""9&/)".)1"#!)34/&35)
@")#+3#&)3&0--)#'+/4#4".+2)C"3#+)D46+.)8""/)("7)3!"72/)
'&+2$+7#!&.#46) +7#A.#46")
&+#)+#)+),-%#5)
'&8'&3!4.0$) C"3#+)D46+.)8'74#3)6+.)1&),+/&)4.#")/&2464"73)+./)
'&8'&36+.#&)
&.&'04J4.0) 3&73&+!'(%)K746&35)
L'4&/)3'*&):2+.#+4.3)"8#&.)+66",:+.()+)#'+/4#4".+2)
'4:&$,+#7'&) ,+/7'")
C"3#+)D46+.)1'&+98+3#5)
3&&/&/$3&&/2&33) =//)#!&)+&&2&2)'&/):&::&')#")#!&):"#5) 34.)3&,422+3)
3,""#!$82+#) 6-'-1&,)!+%&)+/""#!)394.)#!+#)6+.)1&)&+#&.5) 243")
3"8#$#&./&') M!&.)6""94.0):+3#+-)1"42)4#)7.#42)4#)43)+"7#5) 37+%&)
3:46($!40!2()3:46&/) C+'411&+.)3+76&3)+'&)"8#&.)+*'1.5)) :46+.#&)
3:4.($3:49() @!&)394.)"8)+)+#+7)$'40)-)43)(&22"*)"')'&/)+./)+*'(.5) 6".)&3:4.+3)
N00."0)43)+)+6&&#)/'4.9)#!+#)6".#+4.3)&003-),429)+./)
3*&&#$370+'() /726&)
'7,5)
#+3#($/&2464"73) M!&.)6""9&/):'":&'2(-)C"3#+)D46+.)8""/)43)%&'()#0+#.O) 3+1'"3")
8#+-)&,)+'&)#'(.)8'74#3)*4#!)+)#"70!)394.)+./)+)3"7')
#4.($3,+22) :&F7&P4#")
82+%"'5)
#"70!$!+'/) Q")."#)"%&'6""9)#!&)1&&8)"')4#)*422)1&6",&)#"$%!5) /7'")
R+.()C"3#+)D46+.)8'74#3)+'&)$(5("6()4.)"#!&')
7.9."*.$7.8+,424+') /&36"."64/")
6"7.#'4&35)
%&0&#+'4+.$,&+#2&33) 3(&+#$%&$#5-1&)43)+)/&2464"73),&%&#03'0()3"7:)":#4".5)) %&0&#+'4+.")
*&#$."#)/'() M+#&')43)6&#5) ,"K+/")
)
!
!"#$!%&'%()*+(%' "#$%! .(%+#%' 0'$&;"$44)%!

!)!%' &'()! .*%2(!%' 0*,)!
!"%("!%' *++! 53"!%'32',!,(/' #'!/$.3%)!
!,%*+(-.!%' #*,)!*+(*-#*.)!'/! #),*%$!2$(' &*%.)&7!
!%%("/!%' *%%*-.)! /!+!%' 8*"1!
!0!%' %'*"#! /#),#!%' 2&)*-!
1!$#%' 0)*#! )!2$(2(%' 4*$-#*$-;,))5!
1*$!%' .)#!%$+!'/! )(;-/!%' 4$9;2'40$-)!
-!/(2$!%' 1)*#! *6%(-(%' '//)%!
-!30!%' 2*3")! ,(4#%&'*%4(2!%' '%+)%!
-*-#2!%' 2'',! ,(/!%' 5))&!
-*)(%' )*#! ,*2(%&'-*/*-!%&' 53#;5&*2)!
-*),!%$#%' "1*%)! )($(%'
-*),/()(2$!%' 2'45&$4)-#! ,%("32$!%' *",!
-*2$(2(%' 2'-#*$-! ,%(,!%!%! 5%)5*%)!
-*%$!%' 23#! ,%*1!%&'0!1*%(!%' #*"#)!
-31%#%' 2'()%! <3#$!%' %)4'()!
4(5!%' &)#! %*-#!%&' "5%$-,&)!
4(%%($#%'' 4)&#! (0,*/+*%(!%'
4#06%3$!%' )-6'7! 0!/#%' &)*()!
43%!%' &*"#! 0(%+#%' ")%()!
(-.!%&'0(%+#%' 5'3%! 03!+#;!%' "'/#)-!
71(1#4!08' ! 030$#$3#%' "30"#$#3#)!
(26%#!%' 2''&! $#%!%&'/!2;!%' #'"";#1%'8!
(2+*/+(%' 8%*5! $%!1!5!%' 8'%,!
(0,(%!%' 8*$#! 32$!%' "5%)*+!
(0$!%'(2-!%"!4*'4('' #'!0)!$-!21*%.)!'/! +(24(%'' ")&&!
(9,/#-!%' )95&*$-! +*/$(!%' #3%-!'()%!
6%(:%' "*3#:;/%7! !
! !"#$%&#%'&(')*+&,-&.-/0,+%&&
0*,)! &)#! 2''&! 8'%,! 2'45&$4)-#!

")%()! 4$9;2'40$-)! #'"";#1%'8! 8%*5!! 5))&!
#'!0)!$-!21*%.)!'/! 1)*#! 2'()%! .)#!%$+!'/! *%%*-.)!
)95&*$-! 8*"1! %'*"#! 2&)*-! 8*$#!
")&&! '//)%! %)4'()! #'!/$.3%)!&*%.)&7! 2*3")!
"5%)*+! 4)&#! #*"#)! *",! #*,)!*+(*-#*.)!'/!
0'$&;"$44)%! "30"#$#3#)! &'()! *++! )*#!
2'-#*$-! 23#!! #3%-!'()%! "'/#)-! '%+)%!
&)*()! "*3#:;/%7! 4*$-#*$-;,))5! "#$%! 2'',!
5'3%! '//)%! 5%)5*%)! "5%$-,&)! &*"#!
)-6'7! 53#;5&*2)! "1*%)! 0)*#!
!
!"#$%&'( &)*"%&'( &!"+!",!(

+(,-!"!.))/!'/%"!()!-0)1!2)3$!-../012-3245!4)$!
"##$%&'"(')*! !"#$%&!%&'()
(0%!5%"6!72!(0"*8'*.!2)3$!0)-(9!
"$)5"!:! ;)3!&"*!-5%66!(0%!4))/,-!/%6'&')3-!-/46-!1'(0!
!#*+!,*-*#)
-&%*(! 2)3$!*)-%9!
<!46)$"6!-//-5706053!5"8%-!"!*'&%!&%*(%$#'%&%!
"$$"*.%5%*(! !##$.-*)
4)$!2)3$!/'**%$!("76%9!
+(,-!'5#)$("*(!()!4'*/!"!0%"6(02!8-9-510!1'(0!(0%!
7"6"*&%! /!-!(%$)
4))/-!2)3!%"(9!
+(,-!'5#)6'(%!()!("8%!7'.!8230:!)4!4))/!10%*!2)3!
7'(%! /*%!0*,+*#0&1%*)
"$%!"!.3%-(!'*!-)5%)*%,-!0)5%9!
+4!2)3!0"=%!"*2!6%4()=%$!8450:!)$!#'%&%-!)4!4"(>!
7)*%! 23$1*)
6%"=%!(0%5!)*!2)3$!#6"(%9!
<!7%"3('436!10530/.2010>!-3&0!"-!46)1%$-!)$!
&%*(%$#'%&%! %$(4#*)0$)-!)+$1!)
&"*/6%->!'-!(0%!#%$4%&(!"//'(')*!()!"!4"*&2!5%"69!
&'='6'(2!:! +(,-!'5#)$("*(!()!-0)1!2)3$!12;2923<!10%*!%"('*.!
53$(!)$03%!%&'()
#)6'(%*%--! )3(9!
;)3!-0)36/!($2!()!6'5'(!2)3$!4))/!"*/!/$'*8!
&)*-35#(')*! %*(13+*)
145:=6.3245!'*!)$/%$!()!7%!#)6'(%9!
?0%*!2)3!"$%!'*!-)5%)*%,-!0)5%>!'(!'-!"!.))/!
&3-()5! %*143+/#$)
'/%"!()!4)66)1!(0%'$!1=:346:9!
@"*!2)3!(%66!(0%!>2??0/0510!7%(1%%*!"!4'-0!4)$8!
/'44%$%*&%! 0&6$#$(%&!)
"*/!"!5%"(!4)$8A!
+*!(0%!B*'(%/!C("(%-!'(,-!'5#)6'(%!()!#3(!2)3$!
%67)1! %*0*)
0984@:!)*!(0%!("76%9!
D"$%*(-!-0)36/!($2!()!&$%"(%!"!$%6"E%/!
%*='$)*5%*(! !+/&$(4$)
05;2/456053!10%*!4%%/'*.!(0%'$!&0'6/$%*9!
G0%$%!"$%!5"*2!032A=0330!$36%-!(0"(!.3'/%!0)1!
%('F3%((%! $4&73$4!)
2)3!-0)36/!"&(!"(!(0%!("76%9!
H"*2!4"5'6'%-!#$%#"$%!"!?0-:3!/3$'*.!(0%!
4%"-(! /!(73$4$)
0)6'/"2-9!
H"*2!#%)#6%!"((%*/!4"5'62!7-3B0/257:!/3$'*.!
."(0%$'*.! #$3(&'()
(0%!0)6'/"2-9!
?0%*!2)3!"$%!"!7=0:3!"(!-)5%)*%,-!0)3-%>!2)3!
.3%-(! &(8&4!0*)
53-(!"61"2-!($%"(!2)3$!0)-(!1'(0!$%-#%&(9!
D'&8'*.!2)3$!(%%(0!"(!(0%!/'**%$!("76%!'-!"!7"/!
0"7'(! 2!/&4*)
B-8239!!
;)3!53-(!"61"2-!(0"*8!2)3$!0)-(-!4)$!(0%'$!
0)-#'("6'(2! 2*1"&4!-&0!0)
B4:.23-923<!7%4)$%!6%"='*.9!
+4!2)3!"$%!(0%!B4:3!)4!"!#"$(2>!2)3!"$%!%E#%&(%/!
0)-(! !(6&4#&'()
()!732!"*/!#$%#"$%!(0%!4))/!"*/!"6-)!&6%"*!3#9!!!
!
!
&'!%()'!*+!,#$'!-+()!!"#$!,#*.!-+()!/0$1#/2!/+*!
"#$%! !"#$%&'
-+()!%"''3'4!
6.')'!,#""!-+(!.+%*!*.'!7#//')!$0)*-8!9.'!
"+50*#+/! !%("!$)")'
!%&'("%)!#%!0",0-%!3')-!#:$+)*0/*4!
;0)'/*%!/''7!*+!*'05.!*.'#)!5.#"7)'/!<++7!
:0//')%! *%)"!+&' *'))+,$!%(5.!0%!%0-#/<!=$"'0%'>!0/7!%#**#/<!
?(#'*"-!0*!*.'!*0@"'4!
A0*#/<!#/!*%-+,'("%)!#%!#:$+)*0/*!*+!:0#/*0#/!
:+7')0*#+/! *%)+,"($-.'
0!.'0"*.-!7#'*4!
B+()!)'#.")!%.+("7!@'!$"05'7!#/!-+()!"0$!0*!*.'!
/0$1#/! &+,/$!!+0"'
@'<#//#/<!+C!*.'!:'0"4!
D*!#%!)(7'!*+!:01'!"+(7!)%"$+$!,#*.!-+()!:+(*.!
/+#%'! ,1$)%'
,.'/!-+(!'0*4!
9.'!)'%*0()0/*!+CC')%!:0/-!%#("%)$!C+)!*.'!
+$*#+/! %2($-.'
:0#/!7#%.E!5.#51'/2!@''C2!$+)12!C#%.2!+)!"0:@4!
9)-!*+!:0#/*0#/!*.'!.+%*F%!#'&+!,.'/!'0*#/<G!
$05'! 2"&%'
7+/F*!'0*!:(5.!C0%*')!+)!%"+,')!*.0/!*.':4!
D*F%!#:$+)*0/*!*+!:0#/*0#/!0!:'0"*#:'!,%/(")+!
)+(*#/'! ,10$."'
C+)!-+()!5.#"7)'/4!
DC!-+(!@()$!0*!*.'!7#//')!*0@"'2!:0/-!$'+$"'!,#""!
)(7'/'%%! *"!"'+)1("($-.'
@'!%.+51'7!@-!-+()!,/-+)+$$4!
B+()!C0:#"-!%.+("7!:01'!0!,/!+!0<0#/%*!
)("'! ,+3"!'
,0*5.#/<!9H!7()#/<!7#//')4!
I''$!-+()!C0:#"-!+/!0!C#J'7!'0*#/<!$&0+-/!+!%+!
%5.'7("'! 4%,",$%'
*.'-!7+/F*!'0*!*++!'0)"-!+)!*++!"0*'4!
K0/-!C0/5-!)'%*0()0/*%!$(*!('1!+&!%(0$!+/!*.'!
*0@"'5"+*.! *".0+!' *0@"'%!*+!:01'!*.'!'/3#)+/:'/*!:+)'!
0$$'0"#/<4!
*#$%!!L! B+(!50/!+C*'/!C#/7!'*#?('**'!("#$!#/!*.'!
&13+,+.($"&'
%(<<'%*#+/%! /',%$0$')4!
M/!0))0/<':'/*!+C!@'0(*#C("!C"+,')%!077%!0!
*+(5.! 0%51+'
%$'5#0"!(%/&0!*+!0!7#//')!*0@"'4!
N+)1%2!1/#3'%!0/7!%$++/%!0)'!#:$+)*0/*!'0*#/<!
(*'/%#"! (1#$+,0%&'
/(+)$"!$4!
O)''/!3'<'*0@"'%!.03'!0!.#<.!/(*)#*#+/!2'!/+2!%+!
30"('! /"!%,'
'0*!0!"+*!+C!*.':4!
9.'!3'4!-+(!7'5+)0*'!-+()!*0@"'!,#""!7'*'):#/'!
,0-!L!%*-"'! +&0$!%6*".+,"'
.+,!-+()!<('%*%!$')5'#3'!-+(4!
!
!
!"#$%&'"$()*$(+$%,('"(-".&'/*0(
10 2)('/("'3$()4(/*5%$(%$/64"/','&')'$/(7*$"(6&5""'".(5(#'""$%(65%)80(9!"#$%&'(&:(
;0 <&758/(/*47(84=%(566%$3'5)'4"(>4%(84=%(*4/)?/(*4/6')5&')8(,8()*5"@'".()*$A0(9#")'&%&:(
B0 2>(84=(#4"?)(75")()4($5)(/4A$)*'".C(/'A6&8(&$5+$(')(4"(84=%(6&5)$0(9*+,%&:(
D0 E*$"(84=(5%$(>'"'/*$#($5)'".C(&58(84=%(/'&+$%75%$(4"(84=%(6&5)$C("4)(4"()*$()5,&$0(
9$"-+&:(
F0 2"(G*'"5C('>(84=(/)'3@(84=%(3*46/)'3@/('"()*$(%'3$(,47&(')(A$5"/(84=(75")(/4A$4"$()4(#'$0(
9#"&(&:(
H0 2"()*$(!"')$#(I)5)$/C(')('/(4>)$"()*$(3*'&#%$"?/(%$/64"/','&')8()4(/$)()*$()5,&$(,$>4%$(A$5&/0(
9$"-+&./%.#+)%:(
J0 I4A$(6$46&$(,$&'$+$()*5)($5)'".(,$>4%$(84=%(*4/)/('/('A64&')$0(9!&++&:(
K0 L4(84=(,$&'$+$()*5)(I5")5(G&5=/($M'/)/N(9+0()'(&:(
O0 P4=(/*4=&#(3*5".$()*$()5,&$3&4)*(,$>4%$()*$("$M)(A$5&(,$35=/$(')?/(#'%)80(9!%#1(%&:(
1Q0 L4("4)(/6')(4=)(84=%(>44#C($+$"('>(84=(#4"?)(&'@$(')0(9+)!2$(&:(
110 2>(')('/(64//',&$C(5+4'#()4=3*'".()*$(>44#(7')*(84=%(*5"#/0(9+3('%&:(
1;0 R&$5/$(=/$(.44#(64/)=%$(7*$"(84=(/')(5)()*$()5,&$0(9)+-'%&)+:(
1B0 L43)4%/(%$34AA$"#($5)'".(5(+5%'$)8(4>(>44#/(5"#(+$.$)5,&$/($+$%8(#580(9&+!"#+-*%&:(
1D0 R&$5/$(34+$%(84=%(A4=)*('>(84=(*5+$()4(34=.*0(9'%$%&:(
1F0 2>(84=(5%$(4>>$%$#()74(6&5)$/(4>(>44#C(')('/(64&')$()4(3*44/$()*$(6&5)$(7')*(&$//(>44#(4"(')0(
9+/+4(&:(
1H0 L4("4)('")$%>$%$(7')*()*$(/$%+'".(6%43$//S(/'A6&8(75')(65)'$")&8(>4%(84=%(>44#0(9(-'+&5+&(&:(
1J0 L4(84=(>$$&(34A>4%)5,&$($5)'".('"($&$.5")(%$/)5=%5")/N(9)+-'(&)+:(
1K0 E*$"(84=()%5+$&C(')('/('A64%)5")()4(5#56)()4()*$(3=&)=%5&("4%A/(4>()*$(*4/)(34=")%80(
9%*%$'%&)+:(
1O0 R5%$")/(/*4=&#($/)5,&'/*(/4A$(A$5&)'A$(%=&$/(7')*()*$'%(3*'&#%$"C(/=3*(5/("4(TU(#=%'".(
#'""$%0(9+)'%1/+!+&:(
;Q0 2>(84=(#4"?)(&'@$()*$(>44#C(@$$6(84=%(34AA$")/()4(84=%/$&>0(9#%-'+-+&:(
;10 R5%$")/(/*4=&#(%$'">4%3$()*$'%(3*'&#%$"?/(.44#(A5""$%/0(9&++)5"&6%&:(
;;0 2)?/('A64%)5")()4(+5%8()*$(>44#/(84=($5)S($5)'".()*$(/5A$(>44#/($+$%8(#58('/(="*$5&)*80(
93%&(%&:(
;B0 T5@'".(5"($)'V=$))$(3&5//(A58(*$&6('A6%4+$(84=%()5,&$(A5""$%/0(9#+,"&%&:(
;D0 W$A$A,$%()4(75')(>4%($+$%84"$()4(,$(/$%+$#(,$>4%$(84=(/)5%)($5)'".0(9+)$+&%&:(
!"#$%&'"$()*$(+$%,('"(-".&'/*0(
120 34"5(647'&'$/(&'8$()9(:%45(,$69%$($4)'".0(;!"#$!<(
1=0 >)?/(:9&')$()9()%5(4(&'))&$(,')(96($4@*(#'/*(9"()*$()4,&$(%4)*$%()*4"(/$%+'".(4(&9)(96(9"&5(9"$(
9%()A9()*'"./0(;%!&'$!<(
1B0 C$7$7,$%()9(/45(D:&$4/$E(A*$"(59F(4/8(/97$9"$()9(:4//(59F(4(#'/*0(;(")*!<(
1G0 >"(74"5(@9F")%'$/(')('/($H)%$7$&5(%F#$()9(,F%:(4)()*$()4,&$0(;"!+),$!<(
1I0 J&$4/$(#%'"8(59F%(KF'@$(LF'$)&5M(')?/(%F#$()9(/&F%:0(;'"'"!-!+*(&.$/"0,"<(
NO0 P9"?)(69%.$)()9()*4"8()*$(*9/)/(,$69%$(59F(&$4+$0(;($!-1$.-2!$)*$.<(
NQ0 >6(59F(4%$('"+')$#()9(4(#'""$%(:4%)5R(%$7$7,$%()9(4/8('6(59F(/*9F&#(,%'".(4(#'/*()9(/*4%$0(
;*03*,$!<(
N10 P9("9)(/*9F)(#F%'".(7$4&)'7$/M(')('/(%F#$(4"#(')(@4"(*F%)(:$9:&$?/($4%/0(;2!*,$!<(
NN0 J4%$")/(/*9F&#("9)(4&&9A()*$'%(@*'&#%$"()9(7'/,$*4+$(4)()*$()4,&$0(;)&/%&!,$!."(/$1<(
NS0 T48$(/74&&(,')/(4"#(@*$A(59F%(699#(A$&&(,$69%$(/A4&&9A'".0(;/$.,*)$!<(
N20 >6(59F(4%$($4)'".(4)(4(%$/)4F%4")R()*$(*9/)(96()*$(:4%)5(F/F4&&5(:45/()*$(,'&&0(;%$2$!<(
N=0 >6(59F(4%$(7$$)'".(/97$9"$(69%()*$(6'%/)()'7$R(')?/(:9&')$()9(/*48$()*$'%(*4"#(4"#(/45R(D>)?/(
"'@$()9(7$$)(59F0E(;)&0&)"!<(
NB0 P9(59F(:%$6$%()9(:%$:4%$()*$(699#(9%(A4/*()*$(#'/*$/U(;%!"%$!$!<(
NG0 >6(59F(4%$(.F$/)('"(/97$9"$?/(*9F/$R(#9($+$%5)*'".(59F(@4"()9(*$&:()*$70(;$4+($!<(
NI0 V4')$%/(4"#(A4')%$//$/(4)(64"@5(%$/)4F%4")/(4%$()4F.*)(*9A()9(69&#("4:8'"/('")9(
,$4F)'6F&(/*4:$/0(;(&'1$!<(
SO0 >6(59F(4%$(#%'"8'".(/97$)*'".(*9)R(/':(/&9A&5(%4)*$%()*4"()48'".(,'.R(64/)(.F&:/0(;.&!'"!<(
SQ0 W)(4(647'&5X/)5&$(#'""$%R(59F(/*9F&#(&'6)($4@*(#'/*(F:(4"#(:4//(')()9()*$(%'.*)0(;1"3$0,$!<(
S10 T%5(4&&("$A(699#/(59F($"@9F")$%M(74"5(96()*$7()4/)$(#$&'@'9F/Y(;.$'"!<(
SN0 >)?/(:%9:$%()9()$4%()*$(,%$4#(A')*(59F%(*4"#/('"/)$4#(96(@F))'".(')(A')*(4(8"'6$0(;!&/%"!<(
!"#$%&'( &!")!"*!( &+,"%&'(
!""#$"#%!&'() *!#'+&,),-$./0)&'!1-)&-'%#)1-%/0#'+)-../0./1-23) !
"#$"'#) &!2/')2'-!3%$#4)) "#$%#&"'%!
1!#'5./(1!.&%$.,) 6-'+)1.&&%+7)&-')8'!&9)2')4-/3567)+$&)&$)1.&):$.#,'/5) !
!,);'//4) ()&'"'%*%!
1/'!+(;!,-'0) <!='),.#')&-')7/!,,',)!#')473-8)2'5$#'):$.)"$.#)&-') !
0#%+=,4) +&,#&%!
'/'7!+&(5!+1:) >$.),-$./0)0#',,)+%1'/:);-'+)0%+%+7)%+)!+)3739-82) *-./&'%!
#',&!.#!+&4)) (%,0.!
'+?$:!2/'(5.+) @%++'#)"!#&%',)1!+)2')3'#:)38:0;-<73)!,)/$+7)!,):$.) !
=+$;)&-')'&%A.'&&')#./',4)) -+-1"./-!
5%B'0("'#8!+'+&) *!#'+&,),-$./0)=''")&-'%#)1-%/0#'+)$+)!)51=3>)8'!/) !
,1-'0./'C)8'!/,),-$./0)2')!&)&-'),!8')&%8')'3'#:)0!:4) '&2-$/&'%!
%+!""#$"#%!&'() D-';%+7);%&-):$.#)8$.&-)$"'+)%,)!/;!:,)3'#:) !
%8"#$"'#) 18-../0./1-234) 3&4%!
/'5&E-!+0'0) *!#'+&,).,'0)&$)5$#1')&-'%#)7352?@-8>3>(1-%/0#'+)&$) )*"!+"!,".%!
'!&)$+/:);%&-)&-'%#)#%7-&)-!+0,4) &56)&-$'"!
+$%,:(/$.0) */'!,')2')A.%'&C)%&F,)#.0')&$)2')801A;);-'+):$.)'!&4) $)&'%*%!
$11!,%$+!/) G&F,)!11'"&!2/')&$)7%3')1-%/0#'+)!+)044-A108-7)&#'!&4) %("*&%."+!
"!,&'/(,$5&)1$/$#'0) H/'7!+&)#',&!.#!+&,)$5&'+).,');-%&')$#).-A237) '-!).!(%+%$!
&!2/'1/$&-,4)) (+"$%!
"/'!,!+&(+%1') I#:)&$)'+7!7')%+).73-A-82)1$+3'#,!&%$+);-%/'):$.)'!&) !
;%&-):$.#)5!8%/:4) "1$"'"7+-!
"$/%&'(1$.#&'$.,) G&F,).07123)&$),!:)J"/'!,'K)!+0)J&-!+=):$.K)!&)&-') !
0%++'#)&!2/'4( -')("'%!
"#$.0("/'!,'0) >$.#)"!#'+&,);%//)2')./06>)%5):$.)2'-!3');'//4) %$1)++%*%!
#%7-&(1$##'1&) GF8)+$&),.#');-%1-)%,)&-')/19@2)5$#=)&$).,'L) (%$$-(/%!
#%7-&E-!+0'0) GF8)/19@2?@-8>3>9),$)G)'!&);%&-)8:)#%7-&)-!+04) 5)$'%!
#.0'(%8"$/%&') *'$"/')8!:)&-%+=)%&F,)/6>3)%5):$.)".&):$.#)'/2$;,)$+) !
&-')&!2/'4))) ,"+!-')("'%!
,/$;(,/.77%,-) <:)7#!+08$&-'#)%,)!)3'#:)A70B)'!&'#C)%&)&!=',)-'#) !
+'!#/:)!+0)-$.#)&$)5%+%,-)!)8'!/4) +-./%!
,$.+0/',,(A.%'&) G5):$.)1!+9)"/'!,')1-';)%+)!)A068>73AA);!:4) ("++"'%!
,.#"#%,'0(,-$1='0) I-')1-%/0#'+F,)2'-!3%$#);!,)'B1'//'+&L)GF8)A6/./1A3>4) *%$#$-.'&'%!
.+1$85$#&!2/'() G5):$.)0$+F&)=+$;)"#$"'#)'&%A.'&&'9):$.)8!:)5''/) !
!;=;!#0) 6840C50/2-<73)%+)!+)'/'7!+&)#',&!.#!+&4)) &.(%,%'%!
:.88:(0'/%1%$.,) M'),.#')&$)&-!+=):$.#)-$,&)5$#)&-');6CC;)8'!/4) $&(%!
)
$#7.//$,$) 8!/)'0.1!0$) #%1$) $1!,%$+!/) '0.1!0$) ,$#"#'+0%0$)
0%3'#&%0$) 1.%0!0$,$) %+1$8$0$) !7#!0!2/') 1$##'1&$) 0').+)1$/$#)1/!#$)
'/'7!+&') #.%0$,$) !"#$"%!0$) /'+&$) /%8"%$) .,!)/!)8!+$)0'#'1-!)
%+!"#$"%!0$) 1!//!0$) 5%?$) N.#0$) )
)
_.9
sP('gffr SUmmef
F\.'
s@ tu
.A -,c
ti *.s$ *j*
- E'
"j * .5
*l*
@
rF
**gffi CnrA
t{rrn f,-qug,"r^.".
ffi
+*
W u t.t,,-
w{e4+h fllossotc'
ffi]1
F*;iL
i'zr----*--
fKJi-'o
Trffi-
-L XrcoHnX
ffi.'"'-' A
w*"{w
@
a$feclion
@ffi@
@reffi
\rofshigper
obleolive-,
no*lt{,r
natuvg baltooos + owo{
qT ffi
st* -'
Canu
d:"ffi
Lvu'{\
i
ffi*ffi
blL
bd
CLq{;tu ,<ri
l!ru; Llr_ffi'
fficross
f)q*,q
*-K
{--, u 'r*\
.,1':t l.... .':-t

b ;--i-'.,
{wW
#
ts
%w
,-"/--
W
::.!-L
'-:iJl;
4rdu4
Jo*r% costurno
t
fosarX
Wwe
--,"1,1i;L
;"
--.,.:,,*
=:r . .L
wea*h{,r
!"#$%&'($) *+,-,+.) */!,'*0)&1!,*2!&'-,)
!"#$%&' !"#((#)*&' !"#$$%&'()
+,(-(,"#.' &")/#&#,*)(' *+$,$-"#.+/)'"%0#.#+&%$)
+"00' (#!0")&0/' $#!"()
$")&0+1(' &%)*-+1(' %1"%0(.#0+)
()2&' +#*)(' *#&%$/)2$'#3+)
3)""#0/' *,&'2#*$(0' .%4%0+)
30""4' %)554' *($#5)
,(/' 0(/0"(4' 6#(7+)
,50*6)#"' ,1&2#/0' %$)%#"()$#!"(/)%*8("%)
5)&"#,&#.' *)&#,*)(#2&#.' 9%'"#-'#.+/)&%.#+&%$#4'%)
5(0)20/' 2)&#2+#0/' 4%'#4*:.;+)
5,"&)!(0' 3,70)!(0' 9+"'%!$()
"0(#$#,12' 25#"#&1)(' "($#1#+4+/)(49#"#'8%$)
",1$%'' /#++#.1(&' 0#*<.#$)
2#.-' #((' (&*("3+)
2#*$(0'' 1*3)""#0/' 4+$'("+)
8,*/0"+1(' +)*&)2&#.' 3%"%6#$$+4+/)*%&'=4'#.+)
8,,/0*' 3)/0',+'8,,/' ;(.;+)0()3%0("%)
'
'
'
9:;<=>?'
9/70"!2'/02."#!0'%,8').&#,*2')"0'/,*0@'
'
.)"0+1((4'
+"00(4'
#*2&)*&(4'
5",50"(4'
A1#.-(4'
2(,8(4'
2&",*$(4'
21++#.#0*&(4'
!
/$0+&0(1%$$(%"(2'0(&,"-",.(3-$4."(5%2'(2'0(3-66032(&,"-",.(-"(2'0(6%#'27(
89'0(&,"-",.&(+60(-42(-1(-6:067;(
!"#$%&'( )*+"%&'( ),"-",.(

"##$"%!! !"#$%$#& &$$'! *"+2$%!
"%%()$!! ''$("#& *$+!+,! "%%()$!
-%(.*!! )#"$#& /"%%0! 5"34!
/$%+(10!! %*+,-#."#& /,.1(%'! &$$'!
/2"+!! %/"#'"#& +"34! %$/"33!
/,,#$%"+$!!! %**!$#"#& 5,%4!+,*$+2$%!! %$"/+!
1"33!! %"$#& 6$&/$.6! 6(&/,)$%!
1(.6!! $+%*+)#"#& 6(&/,)$%! ,-3(*$!
1,%/$!! ,*#0"#& ,-3(*$! /"%%0!
1,%*$+!! *'1-2"#& .,+!%$'$'-$%! /,.1(%'!
*%,5!! %3')-1"#& /73+()"+$! .,+!%$'$'-$%!
2"%)$&+!! %*4$%/"#& *"+2$%! &+760!
#"0!%$&#$/+!+,!
2$"3! %3#"#& /7%$!
#"0!%$&#$/+!+,! *,!
2,.,%!! /*+#"#&
+%".&'(+!
3$"%.!! "!#$+2$#& &+760!
8,7%.$0!
'"%/2!! ."#%/"#& 5"34!
6$&/$.6!
',)$! .*1$#4$& *,!
/73+()"+$!
%$/$()$!! #$%-5-#& *$+!
&$$!
%$'$'-$%!!! #$%*#2"#& %$/"33! *$+!
%$&#,.6!! #$4!*+2$#& %$"/+! +"34!
&2,5!7#!!! "!"#$%$#& "%%()$! /7%$!
&#%$"6!! )#"+4.-)-#& +%".&'(+! *$+!+,!
&7%)()$!!! 4*5#$1-1-#& &+"0!"3()$! 5,%4!+,*$+2$%!
+%")$3!! 1-"6"#& 8,7%.$0! &+"0!"3()$!
5"+/2!!! .-#"#& &$$! !
!
!
!
"#$%&'(!)*+,! '"#-"#."! '/0#&'(!-+0#'%0-&*#!
"##$##%$&'! ()$!%"*$!"!+"#'!1223224356!,+!')$!#-'."'-,&/! !"#$%#&'()*
"0$1"2$! 3)$!1738193!'$%4$1"'.1$!-#!56!*$21$$#/! +,-.!/'-*
7$&'.18! 9$!:-0$!-&!')$!';$&'8<+-1#'!:356;8</! 0'1$-*
7)$%-7":! .=34>:1?!;$"4,&#!).1'!')$!$&0-1,&%$&'/! 2%'.'&#*
71,4! =!+"1%$1!&$$*#!"!)$":')8!:8@A!',!%">$!%,&$8/! &-0!&3#*
*"&2$1! ?1-0$1#!#),.:*!@$!";"1$!,+!:"&*#:-*$!B15938/!! +!$'1,-*
*$@1-#! 3)$!+:,,*!:$+'!:,'#!,+!B3C8>2!,&!')$!1,"*/! !0&-.4,-0*
*-#$"#$! 3)-#!&$;!B>23123!%">$#!4$,4:$!0$18!#-7>/! !)5!,.!/#/*
*-#'1-@.',1! ABC!-#!"!@-2!B>268>C;6@8!,+!7,%4.'$1!4"1'#/! /'06,'4%'/-,*
*1,.2)'! D,!1"-&!7".#$*!"!#$0$1$!B8@;9=6!-&!')$!"1$"/! 0!2%7#*
E"1')! F$787:-&2!-#!"!;"8!+,1!8,.!',!41,'$7'!')$!"186=/! 6'!,,#*
$++,1'! G$,4:$!"1$!%">-&2!"&!3DD@86!',!41,'$7'!')$!E"1')/! !05%!,8-*
$H)".#'! I"1!3E=1;26!-#!"!%"J,1!#,.17$!,+!"-1!4,::.'-,&/! 1#0!0*/!*!0&#+!*
+$1'-:-K$1! 3,,!%.7)!D386>?>F38!7"&!)"1%!')$!$&0-1,&%$&'/! #4-)-*
+-&$! =!&$;!:";!+,17$#!4$,4:$!4"8!"!D>53!-+!')$8!4,::.'$/! .%$6#*
+:,,*! L$"08!1"-&#!71$"'$*!"!D?@@B!-&!,.1!7,%%.&-'8/!! ')%)/#&'()*
+:.7'."'-,&! 3)$!D?;:6;16>@5!-&!'$%4$1"'.1$!-#!)"1*!,&!71,4#/! 5$%&6%#&'()*
+.$:! C,#'!%,*$#!,+!'1"&#4,1'"'-,&!1$:8!,&!D;3?!#,.17$#/! &-.4%06'4$!*
2:,@":!;"1%-&2! $?@C1?!G184>59!-#!%$:'-&2!')$!-7$!-&!')$!D,1')!G,:$/! &#$!)6#.'!)6-*1$-4#$*
21$$&),.#$!2"#$#! I"1@,&!*-,H-*$!-#!,&$!,+!%"&8!98335=@;23!91232/! 1#0!0*')"!,)#/!,-0*
-&71$"#$!M!1-#$! I,#'"!F-7"!)"#!$H4$1-$&7$*!"&!>5:83123!-&!',.1-#%/! ')&,!.!)6-*
:"&*! 3)$!?15B!-&!("1"4-N.O!-#!%,#':8!+:"'!"&*!+,1$#'$*/! 6!,,!)-*
:$0$:! 3)$!;"'$1!?373?!)"#!1-#$&!-&!')$!=':"&'-7!P7$"&/! )'"!$*
:,22-&2! B8!:";!')$!?@99>59!7,%4"&8!%.#'!1$4:"&'!'1$$#/! 6#$#,*9,4-$!0*
:,##! (,%$!7,%4"&-$#!)"0$!$H4$1-$&7$*!"!?@22!-&!41,+-'#/!! +:,/'/#*
%-&-&2! H>5>59!+,1!2,:*!"&*!7,44$1!).1'#!')$!$&0-1,&%$&'/! .')!,7#*
%.*#:-*$! F"-&!7".#$*!"!4;B2?>B3!"&*!7:,#$*!')$!)-2);"8/! /!,,%.4!*
4"''$1&! ?$7$%@$1!1"-&!-#!"!'84-7":!;$"')$1!A166385/! +#6,()*
4$17$&'"2$! =!)-2)!A38:356193!,+!-%4,1'#!7,%$!+1,%!I)-&"/! +-,&!)6#;!*
4$#'! 3)$!%,#N.-',!-#!7,&#-*$1$*!"!A326!',!%"&8!4$,4:$/! +!06!<')0!&6-*)-&'"-*
4,::.'"&'! P-:!-#!"&!$H"%4:$!,+!"&!$&0-1,&%$&'":!A@??;6156/! &-)6#.')#&'()*
4,::.'-,&! F-*-&2!@.#$#!)$:4#!1$*.7$!')$!"%,.&'!,+!A@??;6>@5/! &-)6#.')#)6!*
41,*.7$1! I,#'"!F-7"!-#!"!@-2!A8@B;:38!,+!7,++$$!"&*!@"&"&"#/! +,-/%&6-,*
4.14,#$! 3)$!A;8A@23!,+!1$787:-&2!-#!',!#"0$!')$!E"1')/! +,-+(0'6-*
1$#$"17)! (7-$&'-+-7!832318:=!41,0$#!2:,@":!;"1%-&2!-#!1$":/! ')"!06'1#&'()*
1$#,.17$! 9"'$1+"::#!"1$!"!832@;8:3!+,1!41,*.7-&2!$:$7'1-7-'8/!!! ,!&%,0-*
1-#>! L,%$#!@.-:'!&$H'!',!1-0$1#!"1$!"'!8>2I!,+!+:,,*-&2/! ,'!01-*
1,7>! +@:I!-#!"!&"'.1":!1$#,.17$!'">$&!+1,%!FO,!(.7-,/! +'!/,#*
#"%4:$! 3)$!"#'1,&".'!',,>!1,7>!214A?32!+1,%!')$!%,,&/! .%!06,#*
#,-:! I1,4#!7"&Q'!21,;!;)$&!')$!2@>?!-#!4,::.'$*/! 6'!,,#*
#,.17$! 3)$!2@;8:3!,+!FO,!(.7-,!-#!)-2)!-&!')$!%,.&'"-&#/! 5%!)6!*
#4$7-$#! I,#'"!F-7"!)"#!%"&8!2A3:>32!,+!@.''$1+:-$#/! !0+!&'!*
#.44:8! 3)$!2;AA?<!,+!,-:!7,.:*!*-%-&-#)!-&!RSS!8$"1#/! ,!0!,"#*
#.44,1'! 3)$!2,0$1&%$&'!;-::!2;AA@86!$&0-1,&%$&'":!:";#/! #+-=-*
#.1+"7$! =#'1,&".'#!:"&*$*!,&!')$!2;8D1:3!,+!')$!%,,&/! +%+!,5'&'!*
'1$&*! T#-&2!7:$"&!$&$128!-#!@$7,%-&2!"&!.4;"1*!6835B/! 6!)/!)&'#*
;"#'$M'1"#)M2"1@"2$! F$787:-&2!;-::!)$:4!1$*.7$!')$!"%,.&'!,+!918C193/!! 4#0%,#*
;-:*$1&$##! A'Q#!*-++-7.:'!+,1!).%"&#!',!#.10-0$!-&!')$!G>?B385322/! 9,!#*0'$"!06,!*
;-&*! )>5B!4,;$1!)$:4#!2$&$1"'$!7:$"&!$&$128/! "'!)6-*
8-$:*!! 3)$!:"&*!<>3?B2!@"&"&"#U!4:"&'"-&#!"&*!8.77"/! ,!)/'.'!)6-*
!"#$%&'($)'*)+,-*'./! 01-*.2-&'3*)'*)4*52'./) !
!"#!$%&$'%() ,"*%#(-)
"#$%&"%'(! )*(%'+,$*! #*+%,) -5$-*&%()
"(-.'-"%/).-'"&.! "+-#.-%(! *-.-&$) 2*'.-4)
"0)*+.1!"%23.! #-."&! ,-%,) %$$*%.$'6-)
"--+(/4"&.! -+/56! !.'-&$'/'.) %6%'(%#(-)
2"-.! )-+2(6! !"!$%'&%#(-) +&-78%4)
2+(%'7,+2.! /2+(%'+,+2! /(%00%#(-) *+"&,7$*'2))
2.%,+"#*(! -(*+"#*(! $1'&) ,-!'*%#(-)
2.%'"0+%"&.! 2.%'"0+%"'(&! ,-$%'(-,) #"!4)
&(!+&"! .%(89"6! %'*#+*&-) '&$'0%$-)
&(!+&"!6!:$(*'"! -.$%&8'-+)! "!-/"() ,'!$'&.$'6-)
&(*4"&.! '3+%! 2+'!+&+"!) 8'(,))
&(/("#*(! &(/+-"#*(! .+&$%0'&%$-,) *-('%#(-)
&('"**"&.! &('"+*(&! *'!34) 2(-&$'/"()
&+/).%+#*(! ":"*+"#*(! $1'.3) /+*-'9&)
&+/'+%'+:.! &+/'+%2'+:(! '&$-*&%()
&$-"&(-.! &$-"#*(!
(;'(-%.! (;'(-%"*!
(;'-"%<(-.! ,.-(+4%!
4-$(/.1!(/)(/.!! '3+25!
+%,*"0"#*(! ,*"00"#*(!
+%'(-%.! +%'(-%"*!
7%'+0.! +%'+0"'(!
0$(-'.! &("&!
.2$)"&.! #$/6!
-(2+(%'(! -(2(%'!
/+*:(/'-(! 9+*&!
/./'(%+#*(! /$/'"+%"#*(!
/$/'"%2+./.! /$#/'"%'+"*!
'=;+2.! ).+/.%.$/!
>'+*! $/(,$*!
!
-".#'#)&/0&$,"&
!"#$"#%"&'#&(#)*'+,&
1"23&'#&!4.#'+,&
!"#$%&"#'()*$+%(,$%.3*"&$/%+(-$%#")$.%/.%,$&.&0*)12% '"3$,%
45%67$,$%(,$%)"%6,$$+%6"%',"6$&6%*68%67$%9*)3%&()%3*/5%67$%6"'+"*0% %
(9(.2%% +"'0(,%
46%*+%)"6%(%1""3%*3$(%6"%362#%'0(+6*&%/$&(:+$%*6%,$0$(+$+%6";*)+% %
*)6"%67$%(*,2% <:$#(,%
45%.":%3627%.":,%'0(+6*&%9(+6$%*)%67$%1,":)38%*6%9*00%+6(.%67$,$% %
5",%67":+()3+%"5%.$(,+2%% $)6$,,(,%
!"#$%&"#'()*$+%9()6%6"%%*".2%,(*)5",$+6+%6"%'0()6%&,"'+2% 3$+#")6(,%
=")&$,)$3%&*6*>$)+%&()%%/84*.'#%6"%67$%'"0*&$%*5%(%&"#'().%*+% %
'"00:6*)12%& <:$?(,+$%
@7,"9*)1%.":,%1(,/(1$%")%67$%1,":)3%&()%9.8.)"%67$% %
$)-*,")#$)62%% 3(A(,%
B0$(+$%6,.%6"%9"%2".+"%67$%(#":)6%"5%)")C,$&.&0(/0$%*6$#+%.":% %
/:.2% ,$3:&*,%
!"#$%&(,%&"#'()*$+%9()6%6"%9"1"*/4%(%&(,%67(6%,:)+%")% %
1(,/(1$%*)+6$(3%"5%1(+"0*)$2% 7(&$,D3$+(,,"00(,%
!"#$%1,"&$,.%+6",$+%&7(,1$%&:+6"#$,+%5",%'0(+6*&%/(1+%*)%",3$,% %
6"%9'+%/62.)"%67$*,%:+$2%% 3*+:(3*,%
@7$%E)-*,")#$)6(0%B,"6$&6*")%F1$)&.%9()6+%6"%9'+$2'36$"% %
*)5",#(6*-$%/,"&7:,$+%(/":6%,$&.&0*)1%6"%67$%'$"'0$2% 3*+6,*/:*,%
G*0%&"#'()*$+%:+$%7:1$%#(&7*)$+%6"%92'**%5",%"*0%:)3$,%67$% %
E(,67H+%+:,5(&$2% '$,5",(,%
!"#$%5(&6",*$+%9684%67$*,%9(+6$%*)6"%="+6(%I*&(H+%,*-$,+2% 3$+&(,1(,%
4%"#%/62.)"%.":%6"%,$3:&$8%,$:+$%()3%,$&.&0$J% ',"#"-$,%
G,1()*&%5$,6*0*>$,+%&()%"#2'%,%67$%+"*08%(00"9*)1%'0()6+%6"%1,"9% %
/$66$,2% $),*<:$&$,%
E-$,.")$%+7":03%1$6%6"%":4"2'"#%"%+9*##*)1%*)%(%&0$()8%)")C %
'"00:6$3%,*-$,2% $;'$,*#$)6(,%
K",L*)1%9*67%+"#$%5$,6*0*>$,+%&()%":4/+"%.":%6"%#().% %
:))$&$++(,.%7$(067%,*+L+2%% $;'")$,%
M().%5(,#$,+%*)%="+6(%I*&(%)2/5%&"55$$2% &:06*-(,%
B:66*)1%6";*)+%*)%,*-$,+%()3%+6,$(#+%&()%,.28%*#'",6()6% %
$&"+.+6$#+2% '$,?:3*&(,%
@7$%'"':0(,*6.%"5%",1()*&%',"3:&6+%'84*'"+%(%1,"9*)1%)$$3%5",% %
",1()*&%&"#'()*$+2% *#'0*&(,%
B$"'0$%+7":03%7$0'%'#%2".+"%67$%(#":)6%"5%";.1$)%*)%67$%(*,%/.% %
'0()6*)1%6,$$+2% *)&,$#$)6(,%
%@"%'0()6%(%6,$$%*+%6"%'#1"+$%*)%67$%5:6:,$2% *)-$,6*,%
:(34+/+0(3!!"##!+,3(/43!&,0!49(;!/&,!&83$!%(!9&#*6.8!4$!9.*&,3<!! *&4&#!
=(/;/8&%8(!%&53!&#(!%(44(#!6$#!49(!(,1+#$,*(,4!&,0!49(;!#$%&! !
8$,5(#!49&,!"8&34+/!%&53<! 0.#&#!
>$*"&,+(3!/&,!#'()*!49(+#!/&#%$,!(*+33+$,3!%;!.3+,5! !
#(,(?&%8(!(,(#5;<! %&7&#!
@$*(!/$*"&,+(3!+$,-.$/&-*)!+4(*3!*&0(!$.4!$6!#(/;/8(0! !
"8&34+/<!! (8&%$#&#A6$#*&#!
B9(#(!&#(!&!6(?!$#5&,+/!1(5(4&%8(!"#$0./(#3'!%.4!49(;!&#(!,$4! !
&%8(!4$!+))&!49(!5#$?+,5!0(*&,0!6$#!49(+#!6$$0<! 3&4+36&/(#!
C3+,5!"(34+/+0(3!+3!&!?&;!4$!0'"%',!+,3(/43'!&,+*&83'!&,0! !
3$*(4+*(3!"($"8(<!! +,4$)+/&#!
D(!,((0!4$!?$#E!4$5(49(#!4$!0*'&)/&!49(!(,1+#$,*(,4<! "#$4(5(#!
B#((3!0*'1"2)!39&0(!&,0!"#$4(/4+$,!6$#!"8&,43!&,0!&,+*&83<! "#$1((#!
B9(!5$1(#,*(,4!39$.80!0-,"%3!49(!/$*"&,+(3!49&4!"$88.4(! !
?+49!6+,(3<! /&34+5&#!
F$!;$.!*)$#"4)!9$?!*./9!0&*&5(!"8&34+/!0$(3!4$!49(! !
(,1+#$,*(,4G! 0&#3(!/.(,4&!
H6!?(!"#$4(/4!49(!#&+,6$#(343'!49(;!?+88!*)+$",!+,4&/4!6$#!6.4.#(! !
5(,(#&4+$,3<!! "(#*&,(/(#!
I$.!/&,!*)&-*,!3$*(!"8&34+/!3$0&!%$448(3!4$!49(!34$#(!6$#! !
#(/;/8+,5<!! 0(1$81(#!
@/+(,4+343!/&,!&)%&!49(!8(1(83!$6!4$)+,3!+,!#+1(#3<!! "#$%&#A()&*+,&#!
F$/4$#3!39$.80!($*,!"($"8(!&%$.4!49(!0&,5(#3!$6!.3+,5! !
"(34+/+0(3<! &01(#4+#!
!
!
"#$%&#'!()&*+,&#! (,#+-.(/(#! #(0./+#! "#$*$1(#!
0&2&#! 0(3*$,4&#! 0+3.&0+#! -.(*&#!
()"$,(#! &01(#4+#! "(#*&,(/(#! 0&#3(!/.(,4&!
*&4&#! "#$4(5(#! "$0(#! ()"(#+*(,4&#!
0+34#+%.+#! "(#6$#&#! 0(3/&#5&#! +,4$)+/&#!
+,1(#4+#! 3&4+36&/(#! 0.#&#! -.(7&#3(!
"(#7.0+/&#! (,4(##&#! (8&%$#&#'!6$#*&#! +,/#(*(,4&#!
%&7&#! 3$"8&#! +*"8+/&#! 0(1$81(#!
"#$1((#! 9&/(#! /.84+1&#! /&34+5&#!
!
!"#$%#&'()*&$)*&+)*#,"()#&-.#&/#,0&()&1$,#)-.#%(%&()&#$2.&%#)-#)2#3&&
!
"# $%&'!()*!(&+!&,!()*!'&-.(/0.!1&-!2/.!/3'0%*!()*!4*/-(0,-5!5/.362/+*!/55!/%&-.3#!
!"#$%&"&'!
7# $%&'!()*!'&'*.(!1&-!/%%08*9!1&-!:055!4*!/'/;*3!41!()*!4*/-(1!/.3!308*%60(1!&,!()*!
%/0.,&%*6(#!!(()*"&'!
<# =.*!:/1!(&!2&.6*%8*!&-%!./(-%/5!%*6&-%2*6!06!41!%*21250.>#!!+,-.)&/"&'!
?# @&'*!/.0'/5!6+*20*6!)/8*!5*/%.*3!(&!2&+*!:0()!+&55-(0&.9!4-(!&()*%6!)/8*!>&.*!*A(0.2(#!
!0"+)&12&)-3)1"'!
B# =.!()*!)0C*!(&!()*!:/(*%,/559!1&-!:055!+/66!()%&->)!/!8/55*19!:/5C!()%&->)!/!,&%*6(9!/.3!
()*.!*'*%>*!,%&'!()*!(%**6!/(!()*!4/6*!&,!()*!:/(*%,/55#!!)$)&*)&'!
D# !@20*.(06(6!*6(0'/(*!()/(!/(!5*/6(!&.*!6+*20*6!>&*6!*A(0.2(!*8*%1!3/1#!!).3%$"&41+"(+5("&'!
E# F/.1!(&-%06(6!)0%*!/!>-03*!()/(!2/.!*A+5/0.!()*!6*2%*(6!&,!()*!*2&616(*'!/6!()*1!)0C*#!
!)67(%+"&'!
G# H&-!2/.!)*/%!()*!6&-.3!&,!()*!&2*/.!,%&'!1&-%!%&&'!0.!()*!)&(*5#1!).+5+0"&'!
I# J)*!+%02*6!:&.K(!4*!()06!5&:!,&%*8*%9!6&!1&-!6)&-53!)-%%1!/.3!4-1!1&-%!(%/8*5!+/2C/>*!
.&:L!!"75&"&.)'!
"M# @&'*!+*&+5*!)/8*!2-(!3&:.!(%**6!(&!0'+%&8*!()*0%!80*:!&,!()*!&2*/.#1!$)8,&"&'!
""# J)*!(%/8*5!+/2C/>*6!0.25-3*!/22&''&3/(0&.69!'*/56!/.3!(%/.6+&%(/(0&.#!!%-+(5%&'!
"7# J)*!:&'*.!0.!()*!8055/>*!:&%C!(&!+%&3-2*!6&'*!&,!N&6(/!O02/K6!,0.*6(!)/.3'/3*!2%/,(6#!
!7&,#5+%&'!
"<# J)*!(&:.!)/6!4**.!/45*!(&!+%&,0(!,%&'!()*!>%&:()!&,!(&-%06'!0.!()*!%*>0&.#!!."+"&1
7&,/)+0,1#)'!
"?# J)*!(&-%!2&'+/.1!:055!+%&803*!1&-!:0()!'/+69!'&6P-0(&!%*+*55/.(9!6-.62%**.!/.3!,%**!
4&((5*3!:/(*%!,&%!1&-%!)0C*#!!7&,7,&+%,-"&'!
"B# F/.1!N&6(/!O02/.!(&:.6!%*51!&.!(&-%06(6!,&%!()*0%!*2&.&'02!6(/4050(1#!!#)7)-#)&1#)'!
"D# Q(!()*!)&6(*5!1&-!2/.!6)/%*!/!%&&'!:0()!&()*%!>-*6(6!&%!+/1!*A(%/!(&!%*.(!1&-%!&:.!
+%08/(*!%&&'#!!+,$7"&3%&'!
"E# J)*%*!/%*!'/.1!+5/2*6!0.!:)02)!(&!6(/1!/5&.>!()*!4*/2)!0.!R-.(/%*./6#!!95)#"&.)'!
"G# J)*!(&-%!4-6!:055!(/C*!1&-!/6!,/%!/6!()*!N&2/!N&5/!4-6!(*%'0./5!0.!@/.!S&6*9!/.3!,%&'!
()*%*!1&-!'-6(!(%/.6,*%!(&!/!+-402!4-6#!!3&".("#"&'1!
"#$%&'(!)!*+#*&,#! -! ! "2! "!/&"9'/!7%<+,7&,!'/"'!*"><&<!<-&*%3%*!<(D-'+D<!
.&/"0%+,! 12! .2! "#!".#+,D"99(!/%6/!.+7(!'&D-&,"'>,&!
.&#&3%'! 452! *2! "!-/",D"*&>'%*"9!-,&-","'%+#!
.%#6&! 6! 72! "!7+*'+,!'/"'!3+*><&<!+#!"!<-&*%3%*!.+7(!-",'!+,!%99#&<<!
.%,'/!7&3&*'! 82! &2! -/(<%*"9!<>33&,%#6!*"><&7!.(!"#!%#B>,(!+,!%99#&<<!
.9&&7%#6! 5:2! 32! '/&!E"(!%#!E/%*/!"!-&,<+#!+,!6,+>-!+3!-&+-9&!9%0&<!
.9++7! 9! 62! <+D&'/%#6!7+#&!%#!&$*&<<!%#!"!</+,'!-&,%+7!+3!'%D&!
.+#&! ;2! /2! "!,&7!",&"!+#!"!-&,<+#H<!<G%#!'/"'!*"#!.&!%'*/(!
*"<&! 5=2! %2! '/&!',"#<D%<<%+#!+3!"#!%#3&*'%+><!7%<&"<&!
*"><&! (! B2! "!3%#%'&!-&,%+7!%#!E/%*/!<+D&+#&!%<!"33&*'&7!.(!"#!%99#&<<!!
7&"'/! >! G2! E/&#!-",'!+3!'/&!.+7(!.&*+D&<!,&7I!/+'!"#7!<E+99&#!
7&3%*%&#*(! 442! 92! "!,&7!9%F>%7!'/"'!*%,*>9"'&<!%#!"#%D"9<H!0&%#<!"#7!",'&,%&<!
7%<&"<&! "! D2! "!0&,(!(+>#6!*/%97!+,!.".(!
7%<+,7&,! 42! #2! "!D><*>9",!+,6"#!'/"'!->D-<!.9++7!'/,+>6/!'/&!.+7(!
7%??%#&<<! 5@2! +2! 7%33%*>9'(!+,!-,+.9&D<!
7,>6! *! -2! "!3&&9%#6!+3!E+,,(I!#&,0+><#&<<!+,!>#&"<&!
&#&,6(! 5A2! F2! D&7%*"9!*",&!6%0&#!'+!"!<%*G!+,!%#B>,&7!-"'%&#'!
&-%<+7&! B! ,2! '++!D>*/!+3!<+D&'/%#6!
&$*&<<! ,! <2! "!.+7(H<!D"<<!
&$&,*%<&! 0! '2! "!-/(<%*"9!+,!D&#'"9!3&"'>,&!'/"'!%#7%*"'&<!"#!%99#&<<!
3&&9%#6! 5C2! >2! '/&!"*'!+3!7(%#6!+,!.&%#6!G%99&7J!'/&!&#7!+3!9%3&!
3&0&,! .! 02! -/(<%*"9!"*'%0%'(!*",,%&7!+>'!'+!D"%#'"%#!/&"9'/!+,!3%'#&<<!
/&"7"*/&! A2! E2! '/&!*+#7%'%+#!+3!.&%#6!-,&6#"#'!
/&",'! #! $2! -"%#!+,!"*/%#6!%#!"!-",'!+3!'/&!.+7(!
%99#&<<! 4;2! (2! '/&!,&"<+#!.&/%#7!"!*+#7%'%+#!
%#3"#'! D! ?2! "#!"''"*G!*"><&7!.(!"#!%#'&,,>-'%+#!+3!.9++7!'+!'/&!.,"%#!
%#3&*'%+#! %! 52! "!-",'!+3!'/&!.+7(!E/&,&!'E+!.+#&<!3%'!'+6&'/&,!
B+%#'! 52! 42! "!7%<,>-'%+#!+3!'/&!.+7(H<!#+,D"9!3>#*'%+#!
9"$"'%0&! 542! =2! <'+--%#6!<+D&'/%#6!3,+D!/"--&#%#6!%#!'/&!3>'>,&!
9%3&<'(9&! 3! ;2! -%&*&<!+3!/",7I!E/%'&!'%<<>&!'/"'!D"G&!>-!'/&!<G&9&'+#!
D&7%*"'%+#! 4@2! :2! -/(<%*"9!+,!&D+'%+#"9!/&9-!+33&,&7!'+!<+D&+#&!
D><*9&! 582! 82! "!-/(<%*"9!+,!D&#'"9!".#+,D"9%'(!"!.".(!%<!.+,#!E%'/!
#"><&"! C2! C2! "!3&&9%#6!+3!<%*G#&<<!+,!E"#'%#6!'+!0+D%'!
-"%#! &! 12! '/&!E"(!%#!E/%*/!"!-&,<+#!"*'<!+,!*+#7>*'<!+#&<&93!
-,&6#"#*(! E! A2! "!*+#'%#>+><!-"%#!%#!'/&!/&"7!
-,&0&#'%+#! =2! 5@2! "!<&#<"'%+#!+3!<-%##%#6!"#7!9+<%#6!+#&H<!."9"#*&!
F>"#'%'(! 512! 552! "!<>.<'"#*&!'/"'!7%<*+>,"6&<!%#<&*'<!3,+D!"--,+"*/%#6!
,"</! /! 542! "!D&7%*%#&!'+!<'%D>9"'&!'/&!3>#*'%+#!+3!'/&!.+E&9<!
,&-&99&#'! 552! 5=2! "!<-&*%3%*!%#<'"#*&!+3!7%<&"<&!+,!+'/&,!-,+.9&D!
<%7&!&33&*'! 4=2! 5;2! "#!%#B&*'%+#!><&7!'+!-,&0&#'!"!7%<&"<&!
<+,&#&<<! $! 5:2! '/&!&<*"-&!+3!.9++7!3,+D!'/&!.+7(!
<-&*%"9%<'! 7! 582! '%<<>&!'/"'!*+#',"*'<!'+!"99+E!D+0&D&#'!%#!'/&!.+7(!
<',+G&! ?! 5C2! "#!&D+'%+#!+,!<&#<"'%+#!
<>--+,'! :2! 512! "#!"D+>#'!+3!<+D&'/%#6!
<E&99%#6!)!%#39"DD"'%+#! G! 5A2! '/&!<',&#6'/!,&F>%,&7!3+,!D&#'"9!"#7!-/(<%*"9!"*'%0%'(!
<(D-'+D! '! 4@2! "!<>.<'"#*&!><&7!3+,!D&7%*"9!',&"'D&#'!
',&"'D&#'! F! 452! "#!"70"#'"6&!6"%#&7!3,+D!<+D&'/%#6!
',+>.9&! +! 442! "!9"*G!+,!</+,'"6&!+3!<+D&'/%#6!
0"**%#"'%+#! 5;2! 4=2! "!<&*+#7",(!&33&*'!+3!"!7,>6!+,!D&7%*"9!',&"'D&#'!
E&%6/'! <! 4;2! "!7%<&"<&!+,!<%*G#&<<!"33&*'%#6!'/&!.+7(!+,!D%#7!
!
!"#$"#%"&'#&(#)*'+,&& -./#+*/$'0#&'#&!1/#'+,&
!"#$%&'"(#)'*+'),+--.)/+0+-&+)1(2(-+00.)2'$") !
3%-&21)'*()*"%-#)4('5((2)3+-6)+23)3%#67)) "#$%&!
89)."%)(+')'"")$%&,60.:)+);&(,()"9)9""3)/+.)1(') !
,+%1*')&2)."%-)'*-"+')+23),+%#()."%)'")%,03"7) %'()%&!
89)."%)+-()9((0&21)3(;-(##(3)"-)+2<&"%#:)&')&#) !
&/;"-'+2')'")%0445#'%/$")'*(#()9((0&21#)'")."%-) $(**+,#$%&!
3",'"-7)
=&,6);(";0()#*"%03)1")'")'*(),0&2&,)#")'*+')+)3",'"-) !
,+2)6'/)#0+")'*(&-)&002(##7) -#%),(./#$%&!
>*()"20.)5+.)'")"./6'%/$")/+0+-&+)+23)3(21%()&2) !
."%-)+-(+)&#)4.)1(''&21)-&3)"9)/+0+-&+)4-((3&21) 0&&%/#$%&!
1-"%23#7))
?"%)#*"%03),+00)+)3",'"-)&9)."%)7""*)#&,67) .0,/#&.0!
)
!"#$%&'"(#),+2)'#7"%$)+);(-#"2)5&'*)/+0+-&+7) #,10$/%&!
8'@#)&/;"-'+2')'")40#'$0.)."%-)3+&0.)&2'+6()"9) !
,+0"-&(#7) *(,#/%&!
>*()/+2)5"-6(3)*+-3)'")08".%04")*&#)+33&,'&"2) !
'")+0,"*"07) .+"0&%&!
A,'&"2)/%#')4()'+6(2)'")1."8"#$)'*()#;-(+3)"9) !
3(21%(7) "&020,#&!
B(";0()'*+')#%99(-)5&'*)4%0&/&+)%#%+00.)15.)":)"-) !
C"/&':)+9'(-)(+'&217) "+&)%&!
>*()#./;'"/#)"9)3(21%()."+"42*")'*"#()"9)'*() !
90%7) "%&0$0&.0!%!
!"#');(";0()0&6()'")+*""1)+')0(+#')#(C(2)*"%-#) !
(C(-.)2&1*'7) -(&*#&!
>*()3(+30.)3&#(+#()+1."/6)'*-"%1*"%')D"#'+)E&,+) !
&2)0(##)'*+2)+)5((67) /&%,.*#/#&!
="/()3",'"-#)1&C()'*(&-);+'&(2'#)3-%1#)'") !
+$'45*/$")'*(&-)(/"'&"2#7) 0./#*+3%&!
>*()&2F%-.)'")*&#)*(+3),+%#(3)*&/)'")+577".) !
'-(/(23"%#);+&27) .+1&#&!
>*()5"/+2)#'+-'(3)'")90..:)5*(2)#*()3(C(0";(3) !
+)0+-1()-+#*7) "&0($+"%&.0!
)
!
9*..!*,!'0$!"#:$+'*4$!*,!;2",*(0<!",#!'0$,!)*,#!'0$!",'/,31!*,!=,7.*(0>!
!"#$%&'($)'*) !"#$%&'($)'*) +3*4*35)'*) !*&4*35)'*)

+,-*'./) 0*12'./) 0*12'./) 0*12'./)
!"#$%!"&' "#$%&"'$! (&))*+*$,'! *,"#$%&"'$!
$%("!"&)&' +"-$)&.! +"&'*/&(! +"-$.$((!
$*&+($&' +0-/,*+! +/,('",'! '$12/-"-3!
#,#$-(.&' $))$+'*4$!! (&++$(()&.! *,$))$+'*4$!
#)#+$(!/' $(($,'*".! *12/-'",'! &,*12/-'",'!
$!%)!+"&'0%#*-#' )"'".! #$"#.3! 0"-1.$((!
)!/%"!1/#' 0$".'03! ,&'-*'*/&(! &,0$".'03!
+#*.(&)&' ,$-4/&(!! ",5*/&(! -$."5$#!
&1#)&' /6$($! )"'! '0*,!
&1/(2!-&*(&' /6.*7"'/-3! 1",#"'/-3! /2'*/,".!
3!$(,($&' 2$"+$)&.! '-",%&*.! 0/('*.$!
,4)($&' 203(*+".! 6/#*.3! 1$,'".!
3*5)3#*&' 2-/(2$-/&(! 8$".'03! 2//-!
)#2%*&' (")$! ($+&-$! &,(")$!
)#.#*&' ($4$-$! "+&'$! 1*,/-!
#)-*($-&' ('-*+'! ($4$-$! .$,*$,'!
-#03&*!/' '$12/-"-3! ,/,2$-1",$,'! 2$-1",$,'!
$!+)!"&' '*-$#! $50"&('$#! $,$-7$'*+!
(+$50&"&' &,+/1)/-'"6.$! 2"*,)&.! +/1)/-'"6.$!
"#)$&+-*&/!"&' &,+/,'-/..$#! +0"/'*+! +/,'-/..$#!
&,*12/-'",'! +"-$.$((! 2$-1",$,'!

1*,/-! &,0$".'03! -$."5$#!
+/,'-/..$#! 0/('*.$! .$,*$,'!
2//-! '$12/-"-3! +/1)/-'"6.$!
*,"#$%&"'$! /2'*/,".! &,(")$!
0"-1.$((! *,$))$+'*4$! '0*,!
1$,'".! $,$-7$'*+!
!"#$%&$%'$()&*+% ,-.&$&/&"$%&$%'$()&*+%
"#$%&'! "!()*+%$**!,-!,-#"%+."/+,%!$*/"(0+*1$2!/,!3-,4+2$!"!*$-4+&$!
"-5'!6!5+0+/"-'! /1$!"-5$2!7,-&$*!,7!"!&,)%/-'!
")/1,-+/'! /1$!3,8$-!/,!#+4$!,-2$-*9!5":$!2$&+*+,%*!"%2!$%7,-&$!,($2+$%&$!
("00,/! "!3+$&$!,7!3"3$-!)*$2!/,!-$&,-2!*,5$,%$;*!4,/$!
&"%2+2"/$! "!3$-*,%!81,!+*!%,5+%"/$2!7,-!"%!$0$&/+,%!
&+/+.$%! "!0$#"00'!-$&,#%+.$2!*)(<$&/!,7!"!&,)%/-'!
&,55"%2$-! "!3$-*,%!+%!")/1,-+/'!,4$-!/-,,3*!,-!5+0+/"-'!
&,)%/-'! "!%"/+,%!8+/1!+/*!,8%!#,4$-%5$%/!
2$5,&-"&'! "!*'*/$5!,7!#,4$-%5$%/!+%!81+&1!/1$!3$,30$!$0$&/!/1$+-!-$3-$*$%/"/+4$*!
2+&/"/,-! "!-)0$-!8+/1!/,/"0!3,8$-!,4$-!"!&,)%/-'!
2)/'! "!5,-"0!,-!0$#"0!,(0+#"/+,%=!"!-$*3,%*+(+0+/'!
$0$&/+,%! /1$!,-#"%+.$2!3-,&$**!,7!$0$&/+%#!5$5($-*!,7!"!3,0+/+&"0!(,2'!
$0$&/,-"0!*'*/$5! /1$!*'*/$5!('!81+&1!3,0+/+&"0!-$3-$*$%/"/+4$*!"-$!$0$&/$2!
7"+-%$**! $>)"0+/'!,-!<)*/+&$!
7-$$2,5! 0+($-/'!7-,5!7,-$+#%!2,5+%"/+,%!
#,4$-%5$%/! /1$!*'*/$5!('!81+&1!"!%"/+,%!+*!#,4$-%$2!
1,%$*/'! /1$!>)"0+/'!,7!($+%#!1,%$*/!,-!/$00+%#!/1$!/-)/1!
+**)$! "%!+53,-/"%/!/,3+&!,-!3-,(0$5!7,-!2$("/$!,-!2+*&)**+,%!
0"8! "!-)0$!/1"/!-$*/-+&/*!/1$!"&/+,%*!,7!5$5($-*!,7!"!*,&+$/'!
0$"2$-! "!3$-*,%!81,!0$"2*!,-!&,55"%2*!"!#-,)3!,-!,-#"%+."/+,%!
0+5+/! "!-$*/-+&/+,%!,%!/1$!"5,)%/!,7!*,5$/1+%#!
5$$/+%#! "%!"**$5(0'!,7!3$,30$!
5$5($-! "%!+%2+4+2)"0!($0,%#+%#!/,!"!#-,)3!
5+%,-+/'! "!*5"00!#-,)3!,7!3$,30$!8+/1+%!"!*,&+$/'!
5+*)*$! /1$!8-,%#!,7!+53-,3$-!)*$!,7!3,8$-!
3,+%/!,7!4+$8! "!3"-/+&)0"-!"//+/)2$!,-!8"'!,7!&,%*+2$-+%#!"!5"//$-!
3,0+/+&"0!3"-/'! "!3,0+/+&"0!#-,)3!/1"/!"//$53/*!/,!/":$!3"-/!+%!#,4$-%5$%/!
3,00! /1$!30"&$!81$-$!4,/$*!"-$!&"*/!+%!"%!$0$&/+,%!
3-+2$! "!7$$0+%#!,7!2$$3!*"/+*7"&/+,%!"(,)/!,%$;*!"&1+$4$5$%/*!
3-+,-+/'! "!/1+%#!/1"/!+*!-$#"-2$2!"*!5,-$!+53,-/"%/!/1"%!"%,/1$-!
3-+4+0$#$! "!*3$&+"0!-+#1/!,-!"24"%/"#$!#+4$%!/,!"!3$-*,%!
3-,3,*"0! "!30"%!,-!"!*)##$*/+,%!
-+#1/! "!5,-"0!,-!0$#"0!3-+4+0$#$!!
-,0$! "!3$-*,%;*!7)%&/+,%!,-!3"-/!/,!30"'!
*,&+$/'! 3$,30$!0+4+%#!/,#$/1$-!+%!"%!,-#"%+.$2!&,55)%+/'!
*/"77! "00!/1$!3$,30$!$530,'$2!('!"%!,-#"%+."/+,%!
/$-5!! "!0+5+/$2!3$-+,2!,7!/+5$!!
8"-! "%!"-5$2!&,%70+&/!($/8$$%!%"/+,%*!
!
!"#$%&'%(%)"'*"'+"% ,#(')-(*&.'%&'%/0('&)1%
!"#$%&'()%*&)($(+,*#&"-"+*&%&*,-&./,#(0,*$& !"!#$%&
,1,/2&3"4/&2,%/#5&&
!"#$%&'()%6#&#$/"*7&0,8")/%$()&$/%0($("*&%*0& '()*%$+,$%&
3%(/&,9,)$"/%9&#2#$,8&+.'*#&$2*"&$"&($#&#$%:(9($25&
;$&(#&$<,&=9,)$"/%9&>/(:4*%96#&?":&$"&)20"#3&)"& -,.!%/$-0%&
,9,)$"/%9&%)$(1($(,#5&
@%*2&)"4*$/(,#&<%1,&%&8(9($%/2&$"&0#.*"+*&%*0& .%(*!#!%&
0,3,*0&($5&&
A*&1"$(*7&0%2B&2"4&84#$&7"&$"&$<,&."99&$"&+()*& 1!-.(-$*0%&
2"4/&1"$,5&
C"-&"3$,*&0",#&$<,&D*($,0&E$%$,#&+(##4%.2*& ""!/0%&0&'0+(&
./,#(0,*$(%9&,9,)$("*#F&
G,7(#9%$"/#&*,,0&$"&0,)(0,&(3&$<,2&-(99&(++"0*& 0'!.*0%&
$<,&*,-&./"."#%95&
><,&7"1,/*8,*$&(#&-"/H(*7&$"&).-3"&$<,& %!-("/!%&
)"4*$/26#&3(*%*)(%9&./":9,8#5&&
><%$&)%*0(0%$,&)*('5)%6.#&-"8,*6#&/(7<$#B& %!.%!-!)*0%&
,I4%9($2&%*0&,04)%$("*&/,3"/85&&
><,&?40()(%9B&9,7(#9%$(1,&%*0&,J,)4$(1,&:/%*)<,#& &
"3&7"1,/*8,*$&-,/,&)/,%$,0&$"&"')2#"&$<%$&$<,& 0-!#,%0%&
./,#(0,*$&0(0&*"$&%:4#,&."-,/5&
K"$(*7&(#&%*&,J),99,*$&-%2&$"&"70#"))&2"4/& !2.%!-0%&
".(*("*&%:"4$&)4//,*$&(##4,#&%*0&)%*0(0%$,#5&&
;$&(#&$<,&./,#(0,*$6#&/,#."*#(:(9($2&$"&#2'&$<,& #(+!%)0%&
)"4*$/25&&
!"#$%&'()%6#&)"*#$($4$("*&82(#('*"")&8%*2& #0%0)*$30%&
/(7<$#&$"&($#&)($(+,*#5&
L"&"*,&)%*&5"'4&$<%$&!"#$%&'()%&<%#&%&8"0,9& )!#0%&
0,8")/%$()&#2#$,85&&
M&)"*#$($4$("*&-%#&0/%3$,0&(*&NOPQ&$<%$& 0+("$%&
($.-&)1"5&$<,&8(9($%/25&&
><,&?40()(%9&:/%*)<&"3&$<,&7"1,/*8,*$&-%#& 40'!%&',5."$%&
)/,%$,0&$"&"'6.#+"&9%-#5&
R"&2"4&$<(*H&$<,&)%*0(0%$,&-(99&)2++""5&(*& *!)!%&62$*(&
-(**(*7&$<,&./,#(0,*)2F&
><,&./,#(0,*$&)%**"$&(2*1.#&9"&$<,&#.,*0(*7& &
"3&$%J.%2,/6#&8"*,2&-($<&"4$&$<,&%../"1%9&"3& 0,*(%$30%&
!"*7/,##5&
&
&
$,*,/&SJ($"& 99,1%/&%&)%:"& 7":,/*%/& #4.,/1(#%/& <%),/&)48.9(/&
%#,74/%/& ,9,7(/& )"*$/(:4(/& %),.$%/& %4$"/(+%/&
/,./,#,*$%/& ./"$,7,/& *,7%/& ,J./,#%/& 7%/%*$(+%/&
%:"9(/& /,#"91,/& 0,."#($%/& & &

&
1",-5"-&! >#! ! "#! $%&!'$"$&!()!*&+,-!&.$/&0&12!3((/!
9(*! 5#! *#! /"+'+,-!"!3&/'(,!$(!"!%+-%&/!3('+$+(,!
7(/81("6! 3#! 4#! "!4(00&/4+"1!*5'+,&''!
,&7'3"3&/! 8#! 6#! ",!+6&"!(/!31",!)(/!4(,'+6&/"$+(,!
/&:5+/&0&,$! %#! &#! "!3&/'(,!7%(!%"'!&.3&/$!8,(71&6-&!"*(5$!'4+&,4&!
"6!H!"6;&/$+'&0&,$! 7#! )#! "!-"$%&/+,-!()!&031(2&/'!",6!9(*!"331+4",$'!
$+3!H!'5--&'$+(,! 6#! -#! "!9(*!(/!3/()&''+(,!
&031(2&/! F#! %#! '(0&$%+,-!,&4&''"/2!
/I'50I! A#! +#! "!3&/'(,!/&'3(,'+*1&!)(/!4(,$/(11+,-!3"/$!()!"!4(03",2!
"331+4"$+(,! >@#! 9#! $%&!3/(4&''!()!8&&3+,-!)+,",4+"1!"44(5,$'!
"33(+,$0&,$! C#! 8#! "!3/+,$&6!35*1+4"$+(,!4(,$"+,+,-!,&7'!"/$+41&'!
+,$&/;+&7! (#! 1#! "!3&/'(,!"3312+,-!)(/!"!9(*!
"331+4",$! 1#! 0#! $%&!"*+1+$2!$(!6(!'(0&$%+,-!7&11!
3('+$+(,! D#! ,#! $%&!1(7&'$!7"-&!3&/0+$$&6!*2!1"7!
9(*!)"+/! )#! (#! ",!(/"1!&."0+,"$+(,!()!",!"331+4",$!)(/!"!9(*!
$/"+,+,-! $#! 3#! $%&!"0(5,$!()!7(/8!"!3&/'(,!%"'!$(!6(!
'8+11! 0#! :#! "!;&/*"1!(/!7/+$$&,!",'7&/!
(4453"$+(,! -#! /#! $%&!1&;&1!()!3/+4&'!/&1"$+,-!$(!"!/",-&!()!&;&/26"2!+$&0'!
6+1&00"! >>#! '#! "!'(4+"1!-/(53!*&$7&&,!$%&!533&/!",6!7(/8+,-!41"''&'!
/&'3(,'&! :#! $#! $%&!3/(4&''!()!3/&3"/+,-!'(0&(,&!)(/!"!9(*!
4(03",2!H!4(/3(/"$+(,! 4#! 5#! "!3"+6!3('+$+(,!()!/&-51"/!&031(20&,$!
&031(20&,$! B#! ;#! "!3&/'(,!7%(!5'&'!&:5+30&,$!(/!"!0"4%+,&!
0+661&J41"''! '#! 7#! "!,($+4&!(/!",,(5,4&0&,$!$(!$%&!35*1+4!
(3&/"$(/! ;#! .#! $%&!*/",4%!()!'4+&,4&!",6!$&4%,(1(-2!/&1"$+,-!$(!*5+16+,-!
0+,+050!7"-&! ,#! 2#! 0(,&2!3"+6!$(!'533(/$!"!'$56&,$<'!&654"$+(,!
'$",6"/6!()!1+;+,-! ?#! =#! ",!"4"6&0+4!%(,(/!-+;&,!)(/!)+,+'%+,-!5,+;&/'+$2!'$56+&'!
4('$!()!1+;+,-! /#! >#! "!0&$%(6!()!%50",!4(005,+4"$+(,!
/&$+/&&! E#! ?#! $%&!6&-/&&!()!7&"1$%!";"+1"*1&!$(!"!3&/'(,!(/!4(005,+$2!
&,-+,&&/+,-! .#! @#! ",!+,4/&"'&!+,!"!3&/'(,<'!'"1"/2!
'4%(1"/'%+3! 2#! A#! "!45//+45150!;+$"&!
'4+&,$+'$! &#! B#! $%&!4(,6+$+(,!()!%";+,-!3"+6!7(/8!
6&-/&&! =#! C#! "!'4%&651&6!0&&$+,-!!
3(;&/$2! "#! D#! "!9(*!!
41+&,$!K!45'$(0&/! >G#! E#! "!3&/'(,!7%(!%"'!/&$+/&6!",6!6(&'!,($!7(/8!
/"+'&!! @#! F#! "!3&/'(,!(/!(/-",+="$+(,!$%"$!&031(2'!3&(31&!
3/(0($+(,! *#! >G#! "!3&/'(,!7%(!*52'!-((6'!(/!'&/;+4&'!!
'"1"/2!L!7"-&! >?#! >>#! "!6+))+451$!'+$5"$+(,!(/!3/(*1&0!
0","-&/! +#! >?#! $%&!)+.&6!+,4(0&!&"/,&6!*2!",!&031(2&&!
"44(5,$+,-! 9#! >@#! "!/&:5&'$!)(/!"!9(*!
!
!"#$%&'()*+,(%"(-(&*".*"/*( 01-"%&'(
.+-"&$-.%2"(
!"#$%&'()"#*+,%",-%.'/%,++-+0,%1'%3%$$(24.%"#%+()2'$(+#1% !
"))2*&"1*'#3% ""#$%&!
45%$'6%"0+%7'*#7%1'%-11$5(32+%"%.'/8%/+%,60+%$'6%90+,,%)0'5+,,*'#"22$% !
"#9%/0*#7%$'60%0:,6(:3% '(")*)+%&!
;<*&<%6#*=+0,*1$%9'%$'6%)2"#%1'%-..*"6>% %')'+)&!
;*22*"(%?"#1,%1'%$*-)*%<*,%.'/%/+&"6,+%<+%*,%6#<"))$%?'0-*#7%5'0% !
1<"1%&'()"#$3% ,#-%&!
!"#$%@#72*,<%,)+"-+0,%*#%A',1"%B*&"%72+8%*#%&"22%&+#1+0,3% +&%.%-%&!
C+)+#9*#7%'#%1<+%.'/%$'6%5*#98%$'6%("$%#++9%1'%-6-1.%$'60% !
?'0-*#7%<"/*1,3% %,%/+%&!
D'%7"*#%('0+%,-*22,8%$'6%&"#%*"+2$$%*#%"%)0'5+,,*'#"2%10"*#*#7% !
)0'70"(3% 0%+&)*1"%&'#!
E'(+%+#7*#++0,%6*&%#"%/0*97+,%"#9%/6*29*#7,8%?<*2+%'1<+0,%?'0-%1'% !
*()0'=+%5"&1'0*+,3% ,)'#2%&!
!',1%+()2'$+0,%*#1+0=*+?%.'/%"))2*&"#1,%1'%9+&*9+%?<'(%1<+$%?"#1% !
1'%'%+*3% *($+&%+%&!
!
45%$'6%?'0-%<"098%,<'?%6)%'#%1*(+%"#9%9'%<*7<FG6"2*1$%?'0-8%$'60% !
/',,%("$%1+292.*%$'6%1'%"%/+11+0%)',*1*'#3% /&(0(3#&!
E'(+%)+')2+%,"$%1<"1%"%<*7<%,&<''2%9*)2'("%*,%#'1%*()'01"#18%/61%4% $(!#'+%&!,#!
6%&-#+**3% %*1%&,(!
H&&'6#1"#1,%6*-$(7%.'%#6(/+0,%"#9%("1<+("1*&,%*#%1<+*0%.'/3% +&%.%-%&!*($!
D0')*&"2%I0++#%*91$25&%('0+%1<"#%JKK%)+')2+%*#%1<+%BL'%M0L'%"0+"3% #0/"#%&!
C60*#7%"#%*#1+0=*+?8%$'6%,<'629%2*,1+#%&2',+2$%1'%1<+%G6+,1*'#,%"#9% !
-"&7*+%1'%1<+%/+,1%'5%$'60%"/*2*1$3% &#'/($,#&!
H1%1<+%.'/%5"*08%+()2'$+0,%("$%-&8%$'6%"/'61%$'60%)0*'0%?'0-% !
+N)+0*+#&+%"#9%,-*22,3% /&#41$+%&!
45%$'6O0+%#'1%,60+%?<"1%,'01%'5%.'/%$'6%?'629%2*-+8%$'6%&"#%6%&/4&&%*1% !
?*1<%$'60%50*+#9,3% ,)'*1+)&!
H51+0%"#%*#1+0=*+?8%*1O,%"%7''9%*9+"%1'%32$$27(41(/$%,+#9*#7%"%1<"#-F !
$'6%#'1+%1'%1<+%&'()"#$3% ,%&!'#41)0)#$+(!
P'?"9"$,8%$'6%&"#%&*-+/'%5'0%("#$%.'/,%'#%1<+%4#1+0#+13% .1'*%&!
H1%.'/%5"*0,8%+()2'$+0,%10$%1'%3%"6%"))2*&"#1,%1'%5*22%1<+%="&"#1% !
)',*1*'#,%*#%1<+*0%&'()"#*+,3% #$*($+&%&!
Q'6%?*22%/+%",-+9%1'%/-++5(24.%("#$%*()'01"#1%1",-,%*#%$'60%#+?% !
)',*1*'#R% ""#3%&!%!*%.(!
!"#$%&'( &!")!"*!( &+,"%&'(
!"!#$!%$&' ()&*&'!*&'+)*&&',-.#+#-/.'-.-/0-102'!+'+)&'0-1,!/23' !"#$%&"'()*
%#$#/45!$' 6&#/4'1/0/345-0'7#$$')&$,'2-5'+-'8#/9'!'4--9':-%'#/';-.+!' *
<#0!3' '"("&+,)*
%*#&8' =-5*'*>.51>'.)-5$9'0-/+!#/'!'16/27'.511!*2'-8'2-5*' *
,*&"#-5.':-%.'!/9'*&.,-/.#%#$#+#&.3' '-).)*
0-1,&+&/+' 6#$$'*&0&#"&9'!'*!#.&'%&0!5.&'-8')#.'4--9'7-*?@')&'#.'!' *
"&*2'89:;2<23<'&1,$-2&&3'' /%0$)1)&1)*
0-//&0+&9' ;-1,5+&*.'!$$'!*-5/9'+)&'7-*$9'!*&'893328<2='+-'+)&' *
A/+&*/&+3' /%&)/12!%*
05**&/+' B++&/9#/4',*-8&..#-/!$'+*!#/#/4'.&..#-/.'&/.5*&'+)!+' *
2-5*'.?#$$.'!*&'856623<'!/9'5,C+-C9!+&3' 2/132(*
&88#0#&/+' (&0)/-$-42')!.'!$$-7&9'8-*'1!/2':-%.'+-'%&'9-/&'#/'!' *
1-*&'&88&0+#"&'!/9'277/8/23<'1!//&*3' )4"/")&1*
&1%!**!..&9' A8'2-5'.)-7'5,'$!+&'8-*'!/'#/+&*"#&7D'2-5'7#$$'%&'"&*2' *
2:1-66->>2=E'' 2.)-+%&52!%*
8*&&' F!/2',5%$#0',$!0&.D'.50)'!.'$#%*!*#&.'!/9'!#*,-*+.D'-88&*' *
7622')#4)C.,&&9'A/+&*/&+3' +-213"1%6+-21"#*
)-1&$&..' ()&*&'!*&'1!/2'?9:202>>',&-,$&'7)-'$#"&'-/'+)&' *
.+*&&+'!/9'%&4'8-*'1-/&23' "&!"+)&1)*
#//-"!+#"&' ;-1,5+&*'0-1,!/#&.'!*&'0-/.+!/+$2'0*&!+#/4'/&7'!/9' *
/339.-</.2'+&0)/-$-4#&.3' "&&%.2!%-2*
$50?2' A8'2-5'!*&'058@AD'2-5'1!2'7#/'+)&'$-++&*2E' 1)&)-*#3)-1)*
1#/#!+5*&' F#0*-,*-0&..-*.'!*&':/3/-<562'0&/+*!$',*-0&..#/4' *
5/#+.'8-*'.1!$$'0-1,5+&*.3' 0"&"213-2*
/&7' G!"&'2-5'+*#&9'+)&'32B'#H)-/&'IJ' &3).%*
,$&/+2' B+'!':-%'8!#*'2-5'7#$$'8#/9';023<A'-8'&1,$-2&*.'$--?#/4' *
8-*'!,,$#0!/+.3' '2#12&1)*
*!,#9' ()&'8#&$9'-8'+&0)/-$-42')!.'&K,&*#&/0&9'6-;/='4*-7+)' *
-"&*'+)&'$!.+'0&/+5*23' -7$"!%*
*&0)!*4&!%$&' F!/2'0!1&*!.')!"&'628?-642-102'%!++&*#&.@'.#1,$2' *
0-//&0+'+)&1'+-'!',-7&*'-5+$&+'+-'0)!*4&3' -)/2-+2'()*
*&1!*?!%$&' (&0)/-$-42'#.'1!?#/4'!')54&'#1,!0+'-/'+)&'7-*$9' *
+-9!2E'A+L.'.#1,$2'62:-6@-1023' "0$-)#"%&2&1)*
.&$8C&1,$-2&9' H&-,$&'+)!+'!*&'>207C2:;09A2=(9-'/-+')!"&'1!/!4&*.' *
-*'%-..&.'+)!+'+&$$'+)&1'7)!+'+-'9-3' 231%*)0$)2!%*
+&9#-5.' AL1'+#*&9'-8'8#$$#/4'-5+':-%'!,,$#0!+#-/'!8+&*':-%' *
!,,$#0!+#-/@'#+L.'<2=/95>'7-*?3' 1)!"%#%*
5/&K,&0+&9' M-.>'7!.'*&0&/+$2'8#*&9'8*-1')#.':-%3'AL1'.5*,*#.&9' *
%&0!5.&'#+'7!.'0-1,$&+&$2'532D;28<2=3' "&)#$)-2!%*
5,9!+&9' N-'2-5')!"&'+)&'5;=-<2='"&*.#-/'-8'F#0*-.-8+'O-*9J' 2/132("52!%*
"&*.!+#$&' ;&$$',)-/&.'+)&.&'9!2.'!*&'"&*2'.26>-</02'%&0!5.&'+)&2' *
0!/'9-'1!/2'+)#/4.3' .)-#71"(*
7-*+)$&..' (&0)/-$-42'0)!/4&.'.-'*!,#9$2'+)!+'-$9D'-5+C-8C9!+&' *
0-1,5+&*.'!*&',*!0+#0!$$2'B96<?02>>3' #"&*.2(%-*
'
!"#$%&'( )!*%"%+%,"( &-."%&'(
! "#$"%#&'!($!)*+#"*'!%'#,-!&$.,'#'&($'/!0#"$("1#2'/!.,)! !
"#"$%&'()$*! (&1*$!"(02(,*,&'! "#"$%&+()$,!
*-&.,$"! &1*!(%&'#)*!2.$&!($!&(2!3.4*$!(5!'(0*&1#,-! *-/"&.)$)"!
0"0'&1! &1*!2.$&!(5!.!"(02%&*$!&1.&!'&($*'!).&.! 0"0'&),!
2"3)$"! .!&1#,-!0.)*!5($!.!'2*"#5#"!2%$2('*! 2)*/'*)%)3'!
2)**"0)(,%)'(! '2$*.)#,-!($!)#'2*$'#,-!'(0*&1#,-! 2)*"0)(,$)+(!
0"%4'2! .!2$("*)%$*!($!6.4!(5!)(#,-!'(0*&1#,-! 05%'2'!
.-(2)(6! 0(,*4!0.)*!.+.#3.73*!5($!.!'2*"#5#"!2%$2('*! .)(,($),$)+(!
/&'/'("(%! .!2*$'(,!61(!.)+(".&*'!.!&1*($4/!2%$2('*!($!2$(8*"&! 2"."(*'&!
'7("&! .!2*$'(,!61(!(6,'!'(0*&1#,-! 2-"8'!
%'/)$! .!'%78*"&! %"0,!
*/""2! $.2#)#&4!(5!0(+*0*,&!($!."&#(,! 3"#'$)2,2!
! .!)*+#"*!%'*)!&(!&$.,'0#&!($!$*"*#+*!$.)#(!($! !
,(%"((,! &*3*+#'#(,!'#-,.3'! ,(%"(,!
3'#-0"! &1*!9%.,&#&4!($!3(%),*''!(5!'(%,)! 3'#-0"(!
! &1*!'%$5."*!(5!.,!*3*"&$(,#"!)*+#"*!(,!61#"1!#0.-*'! !
*$&""(! .$*!)#'23.4*)! /,(%,##,!
7"9*)%"! .!2.-*!(,!&1*!:,&*$,*&! *)%)'!2"!7"9!
&"%,)#! &1*!'.3*!(5!-(()'!5($!2$#+.&*!%'*! 3"(2"&!,#!/'&!
0"('&!
.)(2)(6*! "(,"3%'#(,'!.'!.!$*'%3&!(5!.,!#,+*'&#-.&#(,! $'($#-*)'("*!
)(3"(%)'(! '(0*&1#,-!&1.&!1.'!7**,!#,+*,&*)!($!"$*.&*)! )(3"(%'!
#,/%'/! .!2($&.73*!0#"$("(02%&*$! /'&%:%)#!
!
)*+#"*! 2$(2(,*,&! 2"."(*'&! *)%)'!2"!7"9!
5#,)#,-'! '2**)! .)(,($),$)+(! ,(%"(,!
'"$**,! 6*7'#&*! "#"$%&+()$,! 05%'2'!
+(3%0*! 3.2&(2! )(3"(%'! %"0,!
#,+*,&#(,! (6,*$! $'($#-*)'("*! 0"0'&),!
)#''*0#,.&#(,! 0*0($4! 2-"8'! 3'#-0"(!
5%,)#,-! 0*&1()! 2)*/'*)%)3'! 2)*"0)(,$)+(!
'%$5."*! $*&.#3! 3"#'$)2,2! ,#!/'&!0"('&!
.,&*,,.! &(2#"! /,(%,##,! *-/"&.)$)"!
*3*"&$(,#"'! ! /'&%:%)#! !
! !
!
$%&'(&!6*'8!'!!!!!! )1*)%&! '*/,26!.3&!'6J&*:(!'26!,26&*%12&!.3&!J&*:(#!
!
E*'2(%'.&!'2-!'6J&*:(!/*!J&*:(!-/,!72/8#!
!
"# $%&'(&!)'*&+,%%-!(./*&!-/,*!%'0./0!12!.3&!)'(&#!!
4# 5+!-/,!'))16&2.'%%-!)%1)7!.3&!8*/29!:,../2;!-/,*!6/),<&2.!81%%!61('00&'*#!
=# >%1)7129!.3&!?6&%&.&@!:,../2!/2)&!81%%!&*'(&!-/,*!8/*7#!
A# B)1&2)&!+1).1/2!8*1.129!3'(!9*&'.%-!12+%,&2)&6!</6&*2C6'-!.&)32/%/9-#!
D# !E/!F,1)7%-!%/)'.&!(/<&.3129!/2!-/,*!)/<0,.&*;!-/,!)'2!,(&!.3&!?(&'*)3@!+,2).1/2#!
G# B/<&!0&/0%&!,(&!)/<0,.&*(!/2%-!./!:*/8(&!.3&!52.&*2&.#!
H# 5+!-/,!'*&!12.&*&(.&6!12!'!./01);!-/,!)'2!&'(1%-!(,:()*1:&!./!'2!/2%12&!<'1%129!%1(.#!
I# $*&((129!.3&!?)/2.*/%@!'26!?(@!7&-(!./9&.3&*!81%%!('J&!.3&!6/),<&2.#!
K# E3&!':1%1.-!./!&++1)1&2.%-!&2.&*!2,<:&*(!12./!'!)'%),%'./*!1(!'2!1<0/*.'2.!(71%%!+/*!
'))/,2.'2.(#!
"L# 5+!-/,!3'J&!'!3193C(0&&6!52.&*2&.!)/22&).1/2;!-/,!81%%!:&!':%&!./!*'016%-!,0%/'6!
12+/*<'.1/2!/*!03/./(!./!.3&!M&:#!
""# !5+!-/,!3'J&!'!0//*!52.&*2&.!)/22&).1/2;!12+/*<'.1/2!
81%%!6/82%/'6!J&*-!(%/8%-!./!-/,*!)/<0,.&*#!
"4# N/,!)'2!2/8!/*6&*!1.&<(!/2%12&!'26!3'J&!.3&<!
6&%1J&*&6!61*&).%-!./!-/,*!3/,(&#!
"=# !M3&2!616!-/,!121.1'%%-!(.'*.!,(129!)/<0,.&*(O!
"A# >/<0,.&*!.&)321)1'2(!)'2!6&</2(.*'.&!3/8!./!0*/0&*%-!)%&'2!'!)/<0,.&*#!
!
!"#$%&'$()'*$%+,&'
(-./'0/' &5/65/75' 89:/32:60-/'

,/12034' 0/'&;:/034'
!""#$%!&"#' (#)$*#')+',-++#.#&%'/0-&'")*)./1'#%2&-"-%-#/'!&,' !
.#*-3-)&/'!**',#/#.4#':775;6:/755' "#$%&"#'()!
6)&,' 72#.#'-/'!'/%.)&3'<-/='6#%8##&'%2#'%8)'6.)%2#./5'' *"+,!
69.3*!.:';' 72#.#'8!/'!'<.912:9>'*!/%'&-32%<'!'=!&'#&%#.#,'-&%)' !
%2#+%' %2#'2)9/#'!&,'/%)*#'%2#'%#*#4-/-)&5' -,.,!
")==-%=#&%' >)/%!'?-"!'2!/'=!,#'!'7-??06?5/6'%)'!*8!:/'2)*,' !
%.!&/$!.#&%',#=)".!%-"'#*#"%-)&/5' #,/%-,/'0,!
+!-%2' >!%2)*-"/'2!4#'@:064'-&'@),5'' 12!
3#&#.)/-%:' A%'-/'-=$).%!&%'%)'/2)8'15/59-306>'%)'%2)/#'%2!%'2!4#' !
*#//'%2!&':)95' 3$)$-,0'4"4!
*#//)&' (!6*)'*#!.&#,'!&'-=$).%!&%'2533-/B':)9'/2)9*,'%.#!%' !
)%2#.'$#)$*#'!/':)9'8!&%'%)'6#'%.#!%#,5' *$##'()!
*-+#' 72#'!4#.!3#'20@5'5A;576:/7>'+).'8)=#&'-&'>)/%!'?-"!' $5%$#&"&'6$!4$!
#C$#"%!&":' -/'DE':#!./5'' 6'4"!
*):!*%:' F)3/'!.#'"!**#,'G=!&H/'6#/%'+.-#&,/I'6#"!9/#')+'%2#-.' !
2->:26>5'' *$"*&"4!
$#!"#' >)/%!'?-"!'2)$#,'%)'$.)=)%#';5:75'6:'#*-=-&!%-&3' !
%2#'=-*-%!.:5' %"+!
.#*!%-)&/2-$' A%H/'-=$).%!&%'%)'=!-&%!-&'!'3)),'952:60-/340;'8-%2' !
:)9.'&#-326)./5' -$*"#'()!
.#/$#"%' >2-*,.#&'/2)9*,'!*8!:/'953;576'%2#-.'#*,#./5' -$0%$&,!
/#*+'-=!3#' (#)$*#'8-%2'!&).#C-!').'69*-=-!')+%#&'2!4#'!'$)).' !
352@B0?:15<'%2#:'9/9!**:'%2-&0'%2#:'!.#'%))'+!%5' "7&,8'/"3$)!
/)"-!*'/#"9.-%:' A&'%2#'J&-%#,'K%!%#/1'$#)$*#'")**#"%'=)&#:'+.)='3-70:2' 0$37-'4"4!
357.906>'82#&'%2#:'%9.&'EL5'' 0,#'"*!
/)9."#' 72#'+!=-*:'-/'!'3-.975')+'=9"2'*)4#'!&,'!++#"%-)&5' 17$)&$!
4!*9#' >)/%!'?-"!&/'$*!"#'=9"2'C:2.5')&'/$#&,-&3'%-=#'8-%2' !
%2#-.'+!=-*-#/5'' 6"*,-!
8#**M6#-&3' 'K)"-!*'/#"9.-%:'2#*$/'%)'#&/9.#'%2#'D522B<50/1')+' !
$)).'$#)$*#5' .'$)$0&"-!
'
*$##'()!! ! 6"*,-! ! ! "#$%&"#'()! ! ! 12!
!
-$0%$&,! ! -$*"#'()! ! %"+! ! ! ! .'$)$0&"-!
!
"7&,!'/"3$)! ! 3$)$-,0'4"4! ! $5%$#&"&'6"!4$!6'4"! ! #,/%-,/'0,!
!
*"+,! ! ! -,.,! ! ! 0$37-'4"4!0,#'"*! ! 17$)&$!
!
*$"*&"4!' '
! ,-%%!."//#$*0-+*"$%!
!"#$%& '()*$*+*"$%&
<<<<<<<<<<0$33"5$<<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!#$%&"'(!)%*++$,(!-%!%$.-%/$/!.-001,*."+*-,!
<<<<<<<<<<%$.*2*$,+<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!2$%3-,!+4"+!%$.$*#$3!3-0$+4*,5!
<<<<<<<<<<'$++$%<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!)%*++$,!-%!2%*,+$/!.-001,*."+*-,!
<<<<<<<<<<'*,7<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! 3-0$+4*,5!+4"+!.-,,$.+3!-,$!+4*,5!+-!",-+4$%!
<<<<<<<<<<7,-)'$/5$<<<<<<<<<<! 6".+3(!*,6-%0"+*-,!",/!37*''3!".81*%$/!&9!"!2$%3-,!
<<<<<<<<<<,$)3<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! *,6-%0"+*-,!"&-1+!%$.$,+!-%!*02-%+",+!$#$,+3!
<<<<<<<<<<3-1%.$<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!2'".$!6%-0!)4*.4!3-0$+4*,5!.",!&$!-&+"*,$/!
<<<<<<<<<<2-'*+*.*",<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!2$%3-,!)4-!*3!*,#-'#$/!*,!2-'*+*.3!
<<<<<<<<<<%$"3-,<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!."13$(!$:2'","+*-,!-%!;13+*6*."+*-,!!
<<<<<<<<<<"/#$%+*3*,5<<<<<<<<<<! +-!/%")!"++$,+*-,!+-!3-0$+4*,5!+-!2%-0-+$!3"'$3!
<<<<<<<<<<13$%<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!2$%3-,!)4-!13$3!-%!-2$%"+$3!3-0$+4*,5!
<<<<<<<<<<.4",,$'<<<<<<<<<<<<<! "!6%$81$,.9!13$/!*,!+$'$#*3*-,!-%!%"/*-!+%",30*33*-,!
<<<<<<<<<<.-00$%.*"'<<<<<<<<< "!+$'$#*3*-,!-%!%"/*-!",,-1,.$0$,+!
,"1-2%&-$3&4-2#(%&
536(0+*7(%&*$& 536(0+*7(%&*$&
;($+($0(&
8$92*%:& ;<-$*%:&
.1%*-13! =>0!3-!0#1*"#%!+-!6*,/!-1+!)4"+>3!*,!+4$!&-:?! !"#$%&%'
/$6*",+! @4"+!.4*'/!*3!#$%9!3()*-$+A!4$!,$#$%!-&$93!4*3!2"%$,+3B! ()&*+$*,-)'
@4$!)-0",!)"3!*,!"!."%!"..*/$,+!",/!*3!,-)!3*%-=2(3!&$."13$! '
/*3"&'$/! 34$!*3!2"%"'9C$/B! ()&!*.*!$-*(%'
=!'*7$!32$,/*,5!+*0$!)*+4!D"%*-!&$."13$!4$!*3!"!#$%9!)1*($32>! '
6%*$,/'9! 2$%3-,B! */$0*12)'
4*//$,! E4$!.",>+!3$$!+4$!/-5!&$."13$!*+!*3!:*33($!*,!+4$!5%"33B! )&!%,($(%'
'*#$! F%$!9-1!5-*,5!+-!3$$!+4$!.-,.$%+!2*7(G! ),'3$3%'
=+>3!*02-%+",+!+-!&$!<"2*+(!"+!+4$!/*,,$%!+"&'$A!"')"93!3"9! '
2-'*+$! H2'$"3$I!",/!H+4",7!9-1BI! 1$),')("!*(%'
%$.$,+! J"#$!9-1!4$"%/!+4$!,$)3!"&-1+!+4$!1(0($+!$"%+481"7$G! #)!$),-)'
3+%-,5K)*''$/! @4"+!)-0",!*3!#$%9!%+1"$9?@*22(3A!/-,>+!+%9!+-!.4",5$!4$%!0*,/B!! -)&-*#"(%'
L4$,!9-1!"%$!13*,5!+4$!*,+$%,$+(!9-1!.",!.'*.7!-,!+4$!#$3(12*$(3! '
1,/$%'*,$/! )-%/3B! &"1#*4*(%'
1,*81$! M#$%9!2$%3-,!*3!#$*A#(A!,-!-,$!$'3$!*3!$:".+'9!+4$!3"0$B!! 5,$!%'
D",9!2$-2'$!"%$!@"11*(3!&$."13$!+4$!.%*0$!%"+$!*3!%*3*,5!*,! '
)-%%*$/! N-3+"!O*."B!! .#)%!".*(%'
!
!"#$%&'%(')*&+,% -".&'&/&0'%
!""!#$% "&%'&()%&*%()#+,-.%/&0."$()1%
!""*!#"% "&%#!,/.%/&0.&).%&*%/&0."$()1%"&%#&0.%
2*&!-#!/"% "&%"*!)/0("%!%3*&1*!0%&*%()4&*0!"(&)%25%*!-(&%&*%".+.6(/(&)%
#$.#7% "&%.8!0().%/&0."$()1%&*%6.*(45%("/%!##,*!#5%
#+(#7% "&%/.+.#"%/&0."$()1%,/()1%!%#&03,".*%0&,/.%
-(/"*(2,".% "&%1(6.%/&0."$()1%&,"%
-&)!".% "&%1(6.%0&).5%9&*%"$()1/:%"&%!%1&&-%#!,/.%
.)!2+.% "&%0!7.%3&//(2+.%&*%&3.*!"(&)!+;%"&%!#"(6!".%
.)#&,)".*% "&%4()-%
./"!2+(/$% "&%/."%/&0."$()1%,3%&)%!%%3.*0!).)"%2!/(/%
.83!)-% "&%2.#&0.%+!*1.*%
()4&*0% "&%1(6.%/&0.&).%4!#"/%&*%()4&*0!"(&);%".++%
*.!#$% "&%!**(6.<%"&%1."%!/%4!*%!/%
*.()4&*#.% "&%/"*.)1"$.)%&*%/,33&*"%
*.'.#"% "&%-(/0(//%!/%()!-.=,!".%&*%()!33*&3*(!".;%"&%*.4,/.%
/.)-% "&%#!,/.%/&0."$()1%"&%1&%()%!%3!*"(#,+!*%-(*.#"(&)%
/"!)-%&,"% "&%2.%2."".*%&*%0&*.%/(1)(4(#!)"%"$!)%/&0.&).%&*%/&0."$()1%
.+/.%
/,**&,)-% "&%2.%!++%!*&,)-%
"!7.%!-6!)"!1.%&4% "&%0!7.%1&&-%,/.%&4%!)%&33&*",)("5%
6(.>% "&%/..%/&0."$()1%
%
%
%
/"!)-%&,"% -&)!".% #+(#7% *.!#$%
/.)-% *.()4&*#.% /,**&,)-% .83!)-%
!""*!#"% "!7.%!-6!)"!1.%&4% *.'.#"% -(/"*(2,".%
2*&!-#!/"% #$.#7% .)!2+.% 6(.>%
./"!2+(/$% ()4&*0% .)#&,)".*% !""!#$%

%
"#$%!&'#!&#(&)*!+',,)#!&'#!$--.,-./$&#!$0&#.1$&/2#!&,!3,4-0#&#!#$3'!)#1&#13#*!
!
5!61#7!8,9!7,90%!:/2#!4#!$!1#7!:$4#!;,.!+'./)&4$)<!
=*!! >'#!91%#.0/1#%!7,.%)!$.#?!
!
4* 0/16/1:!7,.%)!
1* $1&,184)!
,* ',4,:.$-')!
-* ',4,-',1#)!
!@,9.!A.,&'#.!/)!2#.8!)4$.&B!A9&!8,9.!)/)&#.!/)!2#.8!%94A*!
C*! >'#!91%#.0/1#%!7,.%)!$.#?!
!
/* )81,184)!
D* $1&,184)!
6* ',4,-',1#)!
0* ',4,:.$-')!
5!.#;9)#!&,!&'.,7!48!.#;9)#!/1!&'#!./2#.*!
E*! >'#!91%#.0/1#%!7,.%)!$.#?!
!
#* $1&,184)!
;* ',4,-',1#)!
:* ',4,:.$-')!
'* 0/16/1:!7,.%)!
F.#!8,9!:,/1:!&,!,.%#.!&7,!'$4A9.:#.)!$&!&'#!.#)&$9.$1&G!
H*! >'#!91%#.0/1#%!7,.%)!$.#?!
!
$* ',4,-',1#)!
A* ',4,:.$-')!
3* ',4,-',A#)!
%* ',4/1,/%)!
"#$%!&'#!&#(&)*!+',,)#!&'#!$--.,-./$&#!$0&#.1$&/2#!&,!3,4-0#&#!#$3'!)#1&#13#*!
!
5.#!6,7!8,/18!&,!#$&!%/11#.!$&!&'#!.#)&$7.$1&!,.!$.#!6,7!8,/18!&,!#$&!$&!',4#9!!
:*!! ;%#1&/<6!&'#!0/1=/18!>,.%!/1!&'#!)#1&#13#?!
!
4* $&!
1* ,.!
,* 6,7!
-* 8,/18!
@'#!%,3&,.)!8$2#!A$.B$!$!)',&!0$)&!>##=C!D7&!'#.!)64-&,4)!$.#!)&/00!&'#!)$4#*!!
E*! ;%#1&/<6!&'#!0/1=/18!>,.%!/1!&'#!)#1&#13#?!
!
/* 8$2#!
F* )&/00!
=* >##=!
0* D7&!
@'#!',)&#0!'$)!$!'/8'G)-##%!;1&#.1#&!3,11#3&/,1C!),!6,7!3$1!)#1%!&'#!#4$/0!&'#.#*!
H*! ;%#1&/<6!&'#!0/1=/18!>,.%!/1!&'#!)#1&#13#?!
!
#* '$)!
<* ),!
8* )#1%!
'* 6,7!
J7$1!$1%!K./3!>/00!8,!&,!&'#!-$.&6!</.)&!$1%!;!>/00!4##&!&'#4!&'#.#!$&!E?LM*!!
I*! @'#!71%#.0/1#%!>,.%!<713&/,1)!$)?!
!
$* $!',4,-',1#!
D* $!)61,164!
3* $1!#($4-0#!
%* $!0/1=/18!>,.%!
"#$%!&'#!&#(&)*!+',,)#!&'#!$--.,-./$&#!$0&#.1$&/2#!&,!3,4-0#&#!#$3'!)#1&#13#*!
!
5$.,0%6)!4,&'#.!7$)!2#.8!-0#$)#%!7'#1!)'#!)$7!'/)!91:0/)'!:.$%#)*!
;*! <'#!!"#$#"%!,=!&'#!7,.%!-0#$)#%!/)>!
!
$* %/)$--,/1&#%!
?* 3,13#.1#%!
3* )$&/)=/#%!
%* $1:.8!
9$&/1:!$&!=$4/08@,71#%!!"#$!!/)!,=&#1!4,.#!$==,.%$?0#!&'$1!#$&/1:!$&!0$.:#.!
.#)&$A.$1&)B!$1%!&'#!=,,%!/)!CA)&!$)!:,,%*!
DE*!<'#!!"#$#"%!,=!&'#!7,.%!$==,.%$?0#!/)>!
!
#* #(-#1)/2#!
=* %#0/3/,A)!
:* -.#-$.#%!
'* /1#(-#1)/2#!
<'#!4#%/3$&/,1)!&'#!%,3&,.)!:$2#!F/4!$.#!4$G/1:!'/4!=##0!?#&&#.B!),!&'#8!4A)&!?#!
#==#3&/2#*!!
DD*!<'#!&#'$#"%!,=!&'#!7,.%!#==#3&/2#!/)>!
!
/* A1)A33#))=A0!!
C* =A13&/,1$0!
G* )A33#))=A0!
0* /1$--.,-./$&#!
H$G#!)A.#!&'$&!8,A.!.I)A4I!/)!A-%$&#%!?#=,.#!8,A!:,!,1!$18!/1&#.2/#7)*!
DJ*!<'#!!"#$#"%!,=!&'#!7,.%!A-%$&#%!/)>!
!
4* 3,..#3&#%!
1* ,A&@,=@%$&#!
,* 3A..#1&!
-* /1&#.#)&/1:!
!"#$%!& )"#/# !"#0,123# G"#(#
!'()*+,&#,-.'*)/& *"#$# %"#F6:3# H"#+#
!"#$# # &"#F6:3# !5"#/#
%"#$# @8+3&0234,14&>+-+//4& '"#+# !!"#+#
&"#$# !"#+# )"#/# #
'"#(# %"#/# # 026/&=(/6&

)"#$# &"#+# 0$%&07F&GH!I>& !"#+#
*"#$# '"#/# G+2:+2*6+&E(26B(+8J& %"#+#
# )"#+# 4"#$# &"#(#
012*+3&$45(26& # G"#/# #
!"#$# >,+81*+&"4,,& H"#+# %B(&7+6*43+,&%B(+6(2&

%"#$# !"#(# !5"#(# 4"#(#
&"#$# %"#/# !!"#$# G"#$#
'"#(# &"#$# # H"#(#
)"#+# '"#0,123# !+2)BK& !5"#$#
# )"#0,123# *"#$# !!"#+#
7+6*43+,&!829*3:&& *"#0,123# 4"#$# #
!"#+# 4"#%554# G"#+# >#!%0&$I>07&=##F&

%"#$#,-.#/# # H"#/# >+2*55(+3&>8*/*3(&
&"#$# "+8,4&A+3)B4'(& # !%"#+#
'"#+# !"#$# 026&D+,,(2-& !&"#(#
)"#+# %"#(# *"#+# !'"#(#
# &"#(# 4"#$# !)"#$#
0,(;+3124&$+.*2(<& '"#(# G"#$# #
!"#(# )"#')# H"#(# %B(&>4)4386L/&H/(/&
%"#$# *"#/3678#(9:-;8# !5"#/# !!"#$#
&"#$# 4"#%# # !%"#$#
'"#/# # %*)4&%28.'(6(2& !&"#+#
)"#(# C+33+&D+52*(,& 4"#$# !'"#$#
*"#$# !"#<:-=96#>=..13?3=@A;# G"#/# !)"#(#
# %"#A36#B,;A36# H"#(# #
=(.+,(&!829*3:&>4.'(6*6*43& &"#45#C=19@6,>2# !5"#+# %B(&"(+2M!B+'(1&=28*6&
!"#/# '"#/# !!"#(# !!"#(#
%"#$# )"#/# # !%"#+#
&"#/# *"#/# "2(&>4,8.5*+3& !&"#+#
'"#+# # *"#/# !'"#$#
)"#(# E2-+3&$8*<& 4"#+# !)"#+#
# !"#0,123# G"#(# #
0,?+24&!+542*4& %"#/# H"#/# N.'+3+1+/&
!"#(# &"#/# !5"#+# !"#B6:=;#<3118#96#.:1E3#.3#13EA3#
%"#+# '"#;?9#23,29-2# # %"#$#
&"#+# )"#B96?,6.#96#>=.B=31.36# 7+6*43+,&!-.'B43-& &"#$#
'"#+# # 4"#/# '"#F6:3#
D91,-.9#09-23E,#
!"#$%&'(# )"#5# +4"#1# +!"#1#
)"#$%&'(# 0"#6789&:#'&8;(<#=((&(<# +*"#.# +)"#2#
# # ++"#/# +0"#1#
!"#$%&"' ;1*)*1'<)@)0' +,"#.# +5"#.#
*"#$%&'(# *"#2# # +3"#1#
+"#$%&'(# +"#/# B110'E)++"4/'' #
,"#$%&'(# ,"#1# *3"#.# D$21+'!)4+$#)@'
-"#$%&'(# -"#/# +4"#1# +-"#1#
!"#.# !"#>(<?'@899(<# # +!"#/#
)"#/# )"#)?5# <"**$+,'*&"'*)6@"' +)"#.#
0"#/# 0"#'AB6#%9<#6(9<(># ++"#.# +0"#.#
# # +,"#1# +5"#1#
()*$+,'-.*/$0"' !&1%1@)*"'!&$3'!11A$"/' +-"#/# #
*-"#/# *"#*3,)# # (FN:9-FE(FC'
*!"#1# +"#+# C)6@"'E)++"4/' B@16)@'K)42$+,'
*)"#1# ,"#2# +4"#.# +3"#2#
*0"#2# -"#1# +*"#2# ,4"#.#
# !"#1# ++"#1# ,*"#.#
!123)4$+,'()*$+,'5)6$*/' )"#1# +,"#2# ,+"#/#
*3"#2# # #
,,"#1#
+4"#.# B.)%)21@"' 5-D:8?I<J!(D(=9?C:-F<' #
# *"#1# E';%FDG'#HI;%>6#$('68J%&# ?'E14"'F)*.4)@'!1/*)'9$%)'
7--8'9(!:;(<' +"#.# +-"#2# +3"#2#
9$%"')+0'=")+/' ,"#.# +!"#/# ,4"#2#
*)"#/# -"#$%&'(# +)"#.# ,*"#/#
*0"#.# !"#C>D(# +0"#2# ,+"#.#
*5"#2# )"#C>D(# +5"#1# ,,"#1#
*3"#1# # #
0"#$%&'(#
# # !&4$/*2)/'?41.+0'*&"'K14@0' ="/*'-4,)+$%'!1GG""'
912313"' C?=D('E?FF(9<' +*"#2# +3"#/#
*!"#.# 9.0"'E)++"4/')*'*&"'C)6@"' ++"#2# ,4"#1#
*)"#1# +4"#.# +,"#/# ,*"#2#
*0"#.# +*"#2# +-"#2# ,+"#1#
# +!"#1#
++"#1# ,,"#/#
=41>+$"/' +)"#1# #
+,"#/#
*)"#/# # # 8"/*4.%*$1+'1G'(+#$41+2"+*'
*0"#1# ?+'(@",)+*'9"/*).4)+*' <*L'?+04">M/'8)H' +3"#2#
# +!"#/#
+4"#2# ,4"#1#
?33@"';$"' +)"#1#
+*"#.# ,*"#/#
*"#/# +0"#/# #
++"#.#
+"#1# +5"#/# C9?N(D'
+,"#/#
,"#/# +3"#1# 8"3)4*.4"'!$*H'
#
-"#.# # ,)"#/#
E)++"4/'G14')'7)2$@H'E")@'
!"#1# C&)+A/,$#$+,'8)H'
!"#$%$ .#$-$ +"#$)$ ,"#$)$
!&#$'$ $ +&#$)$ ,&#$)$
!(#$)$ >")+323$:3( $ ,(#$)$
$ /#$)$ -%<J+(+"(K"+3( .F#$'$
!"#$%&'(%)(*"&+,(-%.,( *#$%$ +,#$'$ $
!*#$'$ !#$%$ +.#$-$ /*9AC*AB!A*OCH?H4I(
!!#$)$ +#$'$ +"#$'$ 9)+3$)3+(
!+#$)$ ,#$A9;7C$;B$:D231<2:<:$ +&#$%$ ,"#$)$
!,#$-$ .#$/("*$ $ ,&#$-$
!.#$-$ "#$:D231<2B2D$93:309D=$ 5"6%+%.,6(5,$+%3&( ,(#$)$
!"#$)$ $ +,#$-$ .F#$'$
$ ?,)@3&+3$( +.#$)$ ./#$%$
/,0,$%( /#$%$ +"#$)$ $
!"#$%$ *#$)$ +&#$)$ =9EH(
!&#$-$ !#$%$ $ ,,#$%$
!(#$'$ +#$)$ LHE/B?9FA/!I?A/( ,.#$%$
$ $ L"G(9)+3$2%3M(!%D&( ,"#$%$
1%&."23$(*"&+,(-%.,( 19/A=/A/B9??CA//A/( +(#$-$ ,&#$'$
!+#$-$ 13D$3&&%")( ,F#$%$ ,(#$'$
!,#$-$ +F#$'$ ,/#$)$ .F#$%$
!.#$'$ +/#$-$ ,*#$)$ $
!"#$%$ +*#$'$ ,!#$)$ O#GG63(
!&#$-$ +!#$'$ ,+#$)$ ,"#$'$
!(#$%$ ++#$-$ $ ,&#$%$
$ $ F"#$(5$"03&&%"),6&( ,(#$)$
4$3,+(56,.3&(+"(&,7(89(:";( E3)30%+&("0(F"6%.(=.%:( ,!#$'$ .F#$-$
!.#$-$ +F#$-$ ,+#$)$ ./#$'$
!"#$'$ +/#$%$ ,,#$%$ $
!&#$-$ +*#$)$ ,.#$)$ HP")3((
!(#$%$ +!#$%$ ,"#$%$ ./#$%$
$ ++#$-$ ,&#$'$ .*#$-$
!$,236%)<(=$"#):(*"&+,(-%.,( $ $ .!#$)$
!+#$%$ E$3,@G")3(F323$( /%+#,+%")N(F36%D3(F,66,&( .+#$'$
!,#$%$ +F#$-$ +(#$)$ .,#$'$
!.#$%$ +/#$'$ ,F#$'$ $
$ +*#$'$ ,/#$%$ >%.$".J%D&(
*"$."2,:"( +!#$-$ ,*#$'$ ,,#$%$
/#$'01234$567839$ ++#$)$ $ ,.#$)$
*#$:;7<=>3:<391$ $ *J%6:(?,G"$( ,"#$)$
!#$?04:3$ 1A>H*-=*I( ,*#$%$ $
+#$@973$ /."D3&(,):(?%'%+&( ,!#$-$ /',$+DJ")3&(
,#$409A3$0930$;B$4;>4016$<9;C2D04$ +,#$%$ ,+#$%$ /#$@973$
9021B;93:<E$4016$$ +.#$-$ $ *#$?04:3$
8926A3$ O"'363&&(
!"#$%&'# ;P"#*#
("#)*+#,-./0# ;:"#7#
1"#)02'%0'2#3%/45'%# ;;"#N#
6"#7# ;!"#N#
8"#9# ;("#7#
# ;1"#N#
!""#$%& ;6"#*#
:"#$%&'# #
;"#<=>5'#
!"#$%&'#
("#9#
1"#9#
6"#)02'%0'2#=?@'%2-5'.'025#
8"#:AA8#
#
'"(")*&
:"#.-B%/CD/0'#
;"#>/=?'?#4-2D#-0E/%.=2-/0#
!"#F&2D#,BD&>G#
("#H0-@'%5-2I#/E#J&''05>=0?#
1"#%'E'%#2/#C>=B'5#2D'I#D=@'0K2#
3''0L#%'E'%#2/#-.=M-0'?#C>=B'5#
6"#N#
#
+',-./-0&.01.&234&5&
:"#9#
;"#*#
!"#*#
("#N#
1"#N#
:;"#N#
:!"#N#
:("#*#
:1"#7#
:O"#*#
:A"#9#
;P"#7#
;:"#7#
:P"#N#
::"#7#
:;"#7#
:!"#N#
:A"#*#
!"#$%&$'()'*%(+,-(.(/0*1'"(2'3(
!
4,*%#(5&$#0(/%67'%'*(&0(#(( ),F"&*9(&0(4#0#H#(
5'8&,0#7(46#9:&,0*6&:( ( (
( ( <D-((3!#$%&'(!1+4-!
;- "!#$%&'(!)*+),-! ! <=-((0!#$%&'(!,+).-!
.- "!#$%&'!.-! ( <>-!!3!#$%&'(!4+)*-!
<- "!#$%&'(!)/+).-! !
! 46",0&$(O#%&8F'(R30H",9'(S4ORT(
)6'#%'"( (
( ( A?-((3!#$%&'(!.+1-!
=-(!0!#$%&'!)-! ( A;-!!"!#$%&'(!,+)?-!
>-!(0!#$%&'!1-! ( A.-!!3!#$%&'(!)/+).-!
;?-!!2!#$%&'!,-! ( A<-!!"!#$%&'(!)/+)1-!
;;-!!2!#$%&'!)1-! ( AA-!!"!#$%&'!)*-!
;.-!!3!#$%&'!)*-! !
! E'9,$"#$3(&0(4,*%#(5&$#(
@"#99#"( (
( ( A?-(("!#$%&'(!)+1-!
( ;<-(!0! ( A;-!!2!#$%&'(!6+))-!
( ;A-!!"! ( A.-!!0!#$%&'(!)4+)*-!
( ;B-!!0! ( A<-!!3!#$%&'(!)6+),-!
( ;C-!!"! !
( ;D-!!"! 4,9:F%'"(0'%1,"U(#H9&0&*%"#%,"(
( ;=-!!2! (
! ( B.-(("!#!$%&'!)1-!
E,(3,F(1#0%(%,('0G,3('#%&08(,F%*&H'I( ( B<-!!0!#$%&'(!6+,-!
( ( BA-!!2!#$%&'(!)?+))-!
( ;A-((2!#$%&'!/-! !
( ;B-!!3!#$%&'(!1+4-! &!6,0'(
( ;C-!!3!#$%&'(!)*+)5-! (
( ;D-!!"!#$%&'(!)6+),-! ( BB-((3!#$%&'!)-!
! ( BC-!!0!#$%&'!).-!
4,,7(#0H($"'#93(*6"&9:(*#7#H( ( BD-!!"!#$%&'(!/)+//-!
( ( B=-!!0!#$%&'(),+/?-!
( ;C-(("!#78'7989:%;&<!$%&'(!/+.-! ( B>-!!0!#$%&'!/-!
( ;D-!!2!#78'7989:%;&<!$%&'(!)+/-! ( C?-!!"!#$%&'(!).+)*<!),<!/1+/*-!
( ;=-!!0!#%&=8'>%'&:(<!$%&'(!6+,-! !
! 4,*%#(5&$#0*N(R,7&H#"&%3(
4,9:#"&08(J#%&08(K#L&%*( (
( ( C;-((0!#$%&'!4-!
( ;>-(("!#$%&'(!4+*-! ( C.-!!"!#$%&'(!/+.-!
( .?-!!0!#$%&'(!*+6-! ( C<-!!2!#$%&'(!.+4-!
!
( CA-!!3!#$%&'(!)1+)5-!
M#7'0%&0'N*(H#3(,0(O'L"F#"3(;A%6(
( CB-!!0!#$%&'(!)1+)4-!
( .A-((2!#$%&'(!/.+/1-! !
( .B-!!0!#$%&'(!6+,-! V6#%(&*('W9#&7I(
( .C-!!0!#$%&'(!4+*-! (
! ( CC-(("!#$%&'!5-!
P&,H&Q'"*&%3(&0(4,*%#(5&$#( ( CD-!!0!#$%&'(!//+/1-!
(
( C=-!!3!#$%&'(!)5+),-!
( .D-((0!#$%&'(!)/+).-!
( C>-!!3!#$%&'(!/6+.)-!
( .=-!!3!#$%&'!)1-!
( D?-!!"!#$%&'(!/*+/6-!
( .>-!!"!#$%&'(!)*+)5-!
!
( <?-!!2!#$9(:!$%&'-!
!
(
(
!
!"#$%&$'()**+,-./-0+123/./3/-*+
+
78'90,1#/0-':+""'%#*+#:';#&'*(!$),"$%&'"#$%/#1'1,%+/2'04#'1$&')&'6"$&+/2'0#$.'<#.(%&='>4#'0#$!4#%'-6"+0-'04#'
-0,1#/0-'+/0('0:('#?,$"'0#$.-'$/1'#@6"$+/-'04#'%,"#-='A%+00#/'(/'04#')($%1'$%#'.$/&'+.6(%0$/0':(%1-'$/1'04#+%'
-&/(/&.-='>4#':(%1-'$%#':%+00#/'+/'$'2%+1'"$&(,0'$/1'#$!4'(/#'+-'!(*#%#1':+04'$'/,.)#%#1'6+#!#'(5'6$6#%'04$0'+-'
0$6#1'0('04#')($%1=''
'
>4#'0#$.-'0$;#'0,%/-'2,#--+/2'/,.)#%-'0(',/!(*#%'04#':(%1-'+/'$/'$00#.60'0('5+/1'-&/(/&.-='>4#'0#$!4#%'5"+6-'04#'
/,.)#%#1'6$6#%-',6'0('%#*#$"'04#':(%1-')#"(:='B5'$'.$0!4'+-'.$1#C'04#'6$6#%-'$%#'%#.(*#1C'2+*#/'0('04#'0#$.C'$/1'
04#'0#$.'2#0-'$/(04#%'0,%/='B5'$'.$0!4'+-'/(0'.$1#C'+0')#!(.#-'04#'(66(-+/2'0#$.D-'0,%/='E0'04#'#/1'(5'04#'2$.#C'04#'
0#$.':+04'04#'.(-0'.$0!4#-':+/-='F#*+#:'04#':(%1-'(/#'.(%#'0+.#')#5(%#'04#'-0,1#/0-'1#6$%0='
'
7G'H+""'04#')($%1':+04'$1I#!0+*#-'&(,'4$*#'-0,1+#1'$/1'04#+%'-&/(/&.-='A%+0#'04#':(%1-'"$%2#'#/(,24'0(')#'-##/'
5%(.'$!%(--'04#'%((.'$/1'!(.6"#0#"&'I,.)"#1',6='J$*#'$""'-0,1#/0-'-0$/1'/#@0'0('$'6$%0/#%'$2$+/-0'04#'(66(-+0#'
:$""='K+*#'#$!4'6$+%'$':4+0#)($%1C'.$%;#%'$/1'#%$-#%=''
'
>4#'0#$!4#%'!$""-'(,0'(/#'(5'04#'$1I#!0+*#-'"+-0#1'(/'04#')($%1='>4#'6$+%-'(5'-0,1#/0-'-4(,"1':%+0#'04#'-&/(/&.'(5'
04$0':(%1'(/'04#+%':4+0#)($%1'$/1'4("1'04#+%'$/-:#%',6':4#/'04#'0#$!4#%'!$""-'L8C'GC'MNO'90,1#/0-'04$0'4$*#'-#"#!0#1'
04#'!(%%#!0':(%1'$-'04#'-&/(/&.'2#0'0('0$;#'(/#'-0#6'5(%:$%1=''
'
F#6#$0',/0+"'(/#'6$+%'%#$!4#-'04#'L5+/+-4'"+/#CO'$'1#-+2/$0#1'-6(0'(/'04#'5"((%'(%'04#'!4$";)($%1='
'
'
7M'P%#$0#'$'"+5#3-+Q#1'0+!30$!30(#')($%1'(/'04#'5"((%',-+/2'.$-;+/2'0$6#='>4#'-?,$%#-'-4(,"1')#'"$%2#'#/(,24'5(%'$'
6#%-(/'0('-0$/1'+/'04#.='H(%.'0:('0#$.-'0('%#*+#:'6%#*+(,-"&3-0,1+#1':(%1-'$/1'04#+%'-&/(/&.-='A%+0#'.$/&'
5$.+"+$%':(%1-'$/1'04#+%'-&/(/&.-'R8'-&/(/&.'6#%':(%1S'(/'04#')($%1=''
'
T(+/0'0(':(%1'(/'04#')($%1C'-$&'04#':(%1'$"(,1C'$/1'0#""'(/#'0#$.'0('5+/1'+0-'-&/(/&.='K+*#'04#.'8U3GV'-#!(/1-'0('
1('-(='B5'04#&'2,#--'!(%%#!0"&':+04+/'04#'$""(00#1'$.(,/0'(5'0+.#C'04#&'2#0'0('6,0'(/#'6#%-(/'+/'04#'0+!30$!30(#')($%1'
:4#%#*#%'04#&'!4((-#=''
'
>4#/'!4((-#'$/(04#%':(%1'5(%'04#'(04#%'0#$.='B5'04#&'$%#'$)"#'0('5+/1'+0-'-&/(/&.C'04#&'2#0'0('6,0'$'6#%-(/'(/'04#'0+!3
0$!30(#')($%1='W/!#'6#(6"#'0$;#'04#+%'6"$!#-'(/'04#')($%1C'04#&'.$&'/(0'.(*#='B5'04#'0#$.'+/!(%%#!0C'04#&'1('/(0'2#0'
0('6"$!#'$/&(/#'(/'04#')($%1'$/1'+0')#!(.#-'04#'(04#%'0#$.-D'0,%/='
'
>4#'5+%-0'0#$.'0('6"$!#'04%##'6#(6"#'+/'$'%(:':+/-'04#'%(,/1='>4#':+//#%'(5'04#'%(,/1'2#0-'$'6(+/0='T"$&')#-0'(5'M'(%'
)#-0'(5'U=''
'
X@$.6"#'9&/(/&.-'5(%'0#$!4+/2'96(%0-Y'
'
'
!(/-+-0#/0' %#"+$)"#' !"#$%"&' ' ()*+(,-"&' )"$/1' ' 0$-0#"#--'
6(6,"$%'' :#""3"+;#1' !,".+/$0+(/' #/1+/2' )%(;#/' ' 1#-0%(&#1'
-;+""5,"' ' 0$"#/0#1' 2#0' ' ()0$+/' !4(66#1' !,0'
!4$.6+(/' :+//#%' /#$%' ' !"(-#'0(' .$+/0$+/' ;##6'
%#0+%#' ' ?,+0' ("1' ' "(/23-0$/1+/2' 0(--' ' 04%(:'
$.$0#,' '''''''''''''/(/6%(5#--+(/$"' ,/,-,$"'' %$%#' !($!4' ' 0%$+/#%'
0:(' ' $'!(,6"#' 4,2#' ' *$-0' 1#1+!$0#1' !(..+00#1'
$%(,/1' ' $66%(@+.$0#"&' $"$%.+/2' 5%+240#/+/2' 6$+/5,"' ' ,/!(.5(%0$)"#'
)#5(%#' ' 6%#!#1+/2' $55(%1$)"#' !4#$6' *+!0(%&' ' -,!!#--'
)#2+/' ' -0$%0' 5+%.' ' 4$%1' !,%%#/0"&' /(:'
' /#$%' ' !"(-#'0('
'

Bachillerato Preparation

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Bachillerato Preparation

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

!

English Bachillerato Prep Course

By Megon Coon, Ken Ferrell and Kevin Klott

!"#$%&'"((! !"#$%&! !"#$$! !"##$%&'##!

!"#$! !"#"$%"&&! !"#$%& !"#$$#%&!

/,(+2.4#( "#$!$"(-&! $"(-&! .#$!$"0-&/!

!"#$% &'(")*+,"% -./0%

*.%1##+,"% ///////////////////////////////////////////! "**%'")!

*.%131#'% "0"*1&1! "0"*1!

*.%)"4"$#1*"% #&)&(*".2*3! #&)&(*".%2-!

*.%)2105"% ///////////////////////////////////////////! #$"-4&!

*.%)4.6"% #)25"()&! #)25&*!

*.%).0*+0/"% #2-.%-6")! #2-.%-6&*!

*.%'","4.7% ///////////////////////////////////////////! 1&'&)27,&-.!

*.%8+0+62% 8%-%5$&1! 8%-%5$&*!

*.%+067+#"% %-57%*%-4! %-57%*".%2-!

*.%4"1#0% )&"*-"()&+!)&"*-&1! )&"*-&*!

*.%.$*1+0% 2(."%-"()&! 2(."%-,&-.!

*.%.7"0% 27&-! 27&-%-4!

*.%71#*+)+71*"% 7"*.%#%7".2*3! 7"*.%#%7"-.+!7"*.%#%7".%2-!

*.%7419% 7)"386)! 7)"3&*!

*.%:/14+89% 96")%8%&1! 96")%8&*!

*.%#1)"% ///////////////////////////////////////////! *"#&*!

*.%6).#"% 5#2*&)&55! 5#2*&*!

*.%6*1#*%% ///////////////////////////////////////////! 5."*.!

*.%6/))""'% 56##&5586)! 56##&55!

*.%*+"% ///////////////////////////////////////////! .%&!

*.%*#1+0% .*"%-"()&+!.*"%-&1! .*"%-&*!

*.%$"5+0% ///////////////////////////////////////////! (&4%--%-4+!(&4%--&*!

*.%4.6"% ///////////////////////////////////////////! )25&*!

*.%#+'"% *%1&"()&! *%1&*!

*.%*"1)2% .&"#$"()&! .&"#$&*!

*.%3+0% 0%--"()&! 0%--&*!

'$.$#! -$)201! 0"($'! +),+*-!

SPECIAL OLYMPICS FROM COSTA RICA

Erick, a 33-year-old swimmer and the oldest son of Eli6cer

,. .t .' ' ., .,'

1) Howold'was Erick when he started training?

3) \A/hat type of program did Erick's parents enroil him?

4) How many medals has Erick won until now?

5) \Mrere does Erick go to train? He goes to train to

6) What time does Erick train?

Read the text below.

who is who,in the Robert family.

1) Adri6n Robert is considered a very successful motorcycle rider because he

A) is healthy and energetic

3) The writersaysthat:Adriin is.thinking of , ,, ,,

; 1,. ,,t .: ...

,' A) practicing this sport as a pro{,essional

A) won more national than international competitions -

NATTONAL SURFTNG CHAMPTONSHTPS

national champions in the Men's Open Category in 2007.

1) "Nino" has won a national surfing competition

A) took second place at the Pan-American Junior Championship

3) :'"GopA Mango"is th'etname of- ' ' in Costa Rica.

4l "surfable" in the specific situation of the reading means " tt

good for a surfing competition'

r 5) Lisbeth Vindab was the in the Women's Open Catego.ry.

Read the text. Choose the appropriate alternative to compiete

1) Alejandro wap first inspired to play chess

C) when he was four years old

A) is a Costa Rican chess champion

A) after a;meeting with Bobby Fischer

.%131#'% "0"1&1! "0"*1!

.%)"4"$#1"% #&)&(".23! #&)&(*".%2-!

.%)4.6"% #)25"()&! #)25&!

.%).0+0/"% #2-.%-6")! #2-.%-6&*!

.%8+0+62% 8%-%5$&1! 8%-%5$&!

.%+067+#"% %-57%%-4! %-57%*".%2-!

.%4"1#0% )&"-"()&+!)&"-&1! )&"-&*!

.%.$1+0% 2(."%-"()&! 2(."%-,&-.!

.%71#+)+71"% 7".%#%7".23! 7".%#%7"-.+!7"*.%#%7".%2-!

.%7419% 7)"386)! 7)"3&!

.%:/14+89% 96")%8%&1! 96")%8&!

.%#1)"% ///////////////////////////////////////////! "#&*!

.%6).#"% 5#2&)&55! 5#2&!

.%61#%% ///////////////////////////////////////////! 5.".!

.%+"% ///////////////////////////////////////////! .%&!

.%#1+0% ."%-"()&+!."%-&1! ."%-&!

.%$"5+0% ///////////////////////////////////////////! (&4%--%-4+!(&4%--&!

.%4.6"% ///////////////////////////////////////////! )25&!

.%#+'"% %1&"()&! %1&!

.%"1)2% .&"#$"()&! .&"#$&*!

.%3+0% 0%--"()&! 0%--&!

!"#$%#$&' (#$&#$&' -3.43' 5"$).'