1.

Which of the following is not the characteristic of a growth curve?

A. Shows development of microbial population under relatively stable environmental conditions

B. Plotted with logarithmic numbers

C. Graphs numbers of microbes versus time

D. Each growth curve consists of four distinct phases

Answer: Option D

2.

Generation time of Escherichia coli is

A. 20 minutes

B. 20 hours

C. 20 days

D. 200 hours

Answer: Option A

3.

The organism which obtain their energy from chemicals are designated as

A. prototrophs B. Chemotrophs

C. organotrophs D. Autotrophs

Answer: Option B

4.

Nutrient content and biological structures are considered as

A. implicit factor for microbial growth

B. intrinsic factor for microbial growth

C. processing factor

D. none of the above

Answer: Option B

5.

The organism which grows best above 45C are called

 A. Psychrophilic

B. Mesosphilic

C. Thermophilic

D. any of these

Answer: Option C

6.

Implicit factors

A. depend on developing microflora

B. can be synergistic

C. both (a) and (b)

D. none of the above

Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option C

7.

Lag phase is also known as

A. period of initial adjustment

B. transitional period

C. generation time

D. none of these

Answer: Option A

8.

Which of the following is used to grow bacterial cultures continuously?

A. Chemostat

B. Coulter Counter

C. Hemostat

D. Petroff-Hausser chamber

Answer: Option A
9.

A microbe, which grows at temperatures above 95 C is most likely to be

A. an archaean

B. a fungus

C. a protozoan

D. none of these

Answer: Option A

10.

Some organisms can use reduced inorganic compounds as electron donors and are termed as

A. lithotrophs B. Phototrophs

C. chemotrophs D. photo-organotrophs

Answer: Option A

11.

The total biomass of an organism will be determined by the nutrient present in the lowest concentration relative to the
organism's requirements is a statement of

A. Liebig's law of the minimum

B. Shelford's law of tolerance

C. quorum sensing

D. Heisenberg's principle of uncertainty

Answer: Option A

12.

The growth is normally expressed as __________ in turbidimetric measurement

A. cells per ml

B. cfu/ml

C. optical density

D. mg N2 /ml

Answer: Option C
13.

Which of the following organisms typically get their carbon for biosynthesis from carbon dioxide?

A. Glucose-fermenting bacteria (fermentation)

B. Anaerobic, glucose-respiring bacteria (anaerobic respiration)

C. Aerobic, glucose-respiring bacteria (aerobic respiration)

D. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (chemolithotrophic bacteria)

Answer: Option D

14.

An organism that expends energy to grow in a habitat with a low water activity in order to maintain internal solute
concentrations to retain water is

A. Osmotolerant

B. Acidophile

C. aerotolerant anaerobe

D. Alkalophile

Answer: Option A

15.

The straightforward method of binary fission explains how bacteria

A. grow in nutrient agar

B. Evolve

C. Move

D. Reproduce

Answer: Option D

16.

The equation used to obtain bacterial population by binary fission is

A. N = No2n

B. log N/No = (0.3010) n

C. log(N/No) = nlog 2

D. All of these

Answer: Option D

17.

Bacteria and fungi multiply best

 A. below 16C

B. between 16-38C

C. above 38C

D. none of these

Answer: Option B

18.

An organism has an optimal growth rate when the hydrogen ion concentration is very high. This organism is

A. osmotolerant

B. acidophile

C. neutrophile

D. aerotolerant anaerobe

Answer: Option B

19.

Which of the following procedures uses a photocell to measure absorbance of a culture to regulate the flow of culture media?

A. Coulter Counter

B. Hemostat

C. Petroff-Hausser chamber

D. Trubidostat

Answer: Option D

20.

Organisms, using organic compounds as electron donors are called

A. lithotrophs B. phototrophs

C. chemotrophs D. organotrophs

Answer: Option D

21.

The reproduction by budding occur in

A. Rhodopseudomonas acidophila

B. Hyphomicrobium vulgare

C. Bacillus subtilis
 D. Both (a) and (b)

Answer: Option D

22.

Starvation proteins are produced by a culture during which of the following segments of the growth curve?

A. Lag phase

B. Exponential phase

C. Stationary phase

D. Death phase

Answer: Option C

23.

The cell reproduction in bacteria may occur by

A. binary fission

B. Budding

C. fragmentation

D. all of these

Answer: Option D

24.

During exponential growth, the growth rate is

A. number of generations per unit time

B. reciprocal of generation time

C. both (a) and (b)

D. none of these

Answer: Option B

25.

A spore differs from an actively replicating bacterium in that the spore

A. is produced during a process involving asymmetric division

B. is able to withstand more extreme conditions than the replicating cell

C. is metabolically inactive

D. all of the above

 Answer: Option D

26.

Which of the following has more tolerance for acidic pH (lower pH)?

A. Yeast and moulds

B. Bacteria

C. E. coli

D. None of these

Answer: Option A

27.

The ability of Vibrio fischeri to produce bioluminescence chemicals only when a certain population density has been reached is
an example of

A. Liebig's law of the minimum

B. Shelford's law of tolerance

C. quorum sensing

D. Heisenberg's principle of uncertainty

Answer: Option C

28.

Antimicrobial constituents for the microbial growth in foods are

A. intrinsic factor

B. extrinsic factor

C. both (a) and (b)

D. none of these

Answer: Option A

29.

The average size of cells during the exponential phase of growth is

A. greater than the lag phase

B. lesser than the lag phase

C. equal to the lag phase

D. none of these

Answer: Option B
30.

A culture broth tube was very turbid at the surface but clear throughout the rest of the tube indicating that the

A. organism are aerobes

B. organism should be grown in an anaerobic chamber

C. organism cannot produce superoxide dismutase and/or catalase

D. organism cannot tolerate oxygen

Answer: Option A

31.

A synergistic effect is observed when

A. one organism removes an inhibitory substance for another

B. one organism produces a growth factor utilized by another

C. microbial alteration of pH, aw, Eh favours the growth of another

D. all of the above

Answer: Option D

32.

Generation time is

A. time required for the population to double

B. time required for the initial adjustment

C. obtained by expression t/n, where t = time interval, n = number of generation

D. both (a) and (c)

Answer: Option D

33.

The term facultative anaerobe refers to an organism that

A. doesn't use oxygen but tolerates it

B. is killed by oxygen

C. uses oxygen when present or grows without oxygen when absent

D. requires less oxygen than is present in air

Answer: Option C
34.

The microorganisms that grow best in a low-oxygen environment is called a (n)

A. aerobe B. anaerobe

C. facultative D. microaerophile

Answer: Option D

35.

Pseudomonas pseudoflava can grow as

A. chemo-lithotrophs

B. chemo-organotrophs

C. both (a) and (b)

D. none of these

Answer: Option C

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