Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Pamala Baber
Abstract
A discourse community is a group of individuals who share a common set of goals and
communicate to achieve these goals (Swales,1990). Discourse communities are something that
happens around us all the tie, but we dont usually recognize them for what they are. Based on
Texas at El Pasos (UTEP) Athletic Training Department to find out if the community met the
research, it was concluded that the UTEP Athletic Training Department is considered a discourse
community because individuals in this community have a common set of goals, have
multiple genres and a specialized lexis to achieve their goals, and hold a hierarchy of different
Introduction
A discourse community is a group of people who share a common set of goals and
communicate to achieve these goals (Swales, 1990). Discourse communities happen to be around
us all the time. We as a society just never seem to notice them. According to The Concept of
studied and examined The Athletic Training Staff of UTEP to find out if they as group followed
the characteristics of a discourse community. After overseeing my investigation, I found out that
The Athletic Training Staff upholds majority of the characteristics of a discourse community
conducted by Swales (1990). This community falls in line with the characteristics because the
athletic trainers in this department play a role in all six of Swales concept of a discourse
community.
Literature Review
In the article The Concept of Discourse Community, by educator John Swales (1990)
he talks about his idea of a discourse community. In his article, he brings up six different
characteristics about discourse communities. He concludes and argues that we need a set of
descriptive characteristics for discourse communities. Ones that will make a community
discourse itself, even when we dont seem to realize it. Swales compared his definition of
discourse community to that of a similar speech community. The difference between the two
were concluded that unlike speech communities where individuals must be present in order to
communicate with each other, an individual in a discourse community can be in different places
and may not ever have to meet to discuss any goals they may have amongst each other. When
that occurs in a discourse community, thats what swales calls Genres. Genres are one of the
Too add to the these characteristics swales implies in his concept of a discourse
community that all together there are six characteristics that make up a discourse community.
First of all, the characteristics that swales mentions are all an agreed set of common public goals
that a group wants to achieve. Second, the community has mechanisms of intercommunication
among their members. In other words, they may talk in person, through phone, or maybe even in
video chat. A discourse community also utilizes its mechanisms primarily to provide information
and feedback. For example, meetings, blogs, and emails are often used for feedback. Other
writings like a FAQs or newsletter webpage would be used as a part of information. The group
also interacts by holding either one or more genres; meaning any form of text. According to
Swales (1990) a discourse community will also obtain a specific lexis like how lawyers and
judges that work inside the court room may have their own law terminology. Furthermore, a
discourse community also has members in the group with a level of degree to add to their
expertise and knowledge on the discourse. Meaning that there are levels of hierarchy inside a
discourse community. For instance, in the hospital a doctor has more knowledge over a patient
than a nurse.
In the article Intertextuality and the Discourse Community Porter explains the power of
a discourse community. Intertext in the article is defined basically as the discourse composed of
many traces of other pieces of texts. Porter (1986) then breaks down the two types of
intertextuality. Iterability being the repeating of a certain text, and presuppositions which is when
you make an assumption about the writing. Porter also adds to the term of discourse community
by stating that rhetoric can be a part of it. He Lastly emphasizes that discourse communities
should make an individual writing noticeable because the community will provide the confidence
Methods
For me to examine and completely understand if the UTEP Athletic Training Department
was considered a discourse community, I first had to observe my community and collect
evidence to prove so. I started off by hanging in the main athletic training building observing as
much evidence as I could. I played really close attention to the individuals in their working
environment and took notes. I observed every hour and a half and took notes for about three
days. After sitting down and really going through my notes, I noticed that in this community
whenever it came to communication individuals used mildly medical terminology and specific
texts and documents. Whenever someone in the community wasnt sure what to do with a certain
task, they would ask specific individuals. To really understand and connect to my observations, I
proceeded to interview an athletic trainer by the name of Allegra Ortiz, a senior in school for
kinesiology. I asked Allegra any questions I may have had regarding to how the athletic
department works. It helped me to piece up evidence and understand how the UTEP athlete
I spent an hour and a half almost every day for three days straight around the UTEP
athletic department, observing and obtaining to find out all the information I needed. Any
document in a cornel note layout. It made everything easier to understand what I had observed
and obtained, and if I needed to add additional information I was able to do so.
DISCOURSE COMMUNITY ETHNOGRAPHY 6
Discussion
characteristics. The UTEP Athletic Training Department demonstrates all six characteristics in its
own way.
1. A discourse community has a broadly agreed set of common public goals (Swales,
1990; p. 472).
serving as care givers for student athletes, clinical educators, supervisors, and mentors for
athletic training students pursing state licensure in athletic training. Their primary goal as a
community is to protect and return the injured student athletes to sport participation, as quickly
and safely as possible. In order to reach and maintain this goal, they follow certain protocols and
procedures. For instance, when an injury occurs amongst an athlete the first thing that an athletic
trainer does is observe the injury to see what kind it is. They document and answer questions like
Can this injury be fixed shortly, or would it require surgery? Is it a fresh, old, or overused injury?
They then take action by reducing any pain, inflammation, or swelling they might have. This
could take a few days to a few weeks, but that is an important step for athletic trainers to reach
their goal. According to the interview with Allegra, getting rid of the swelling and inflammation
first is essential because it can inhibit an athlete or put them at risk for further injury if they
return to play. Allegra States that depending on the injury they may need to follow a physicians
protocol (A Ortiz, personal communication, April 6, 2017). Where a physician sets orders and is
the one to determine whether an athlete can return to play or not. Other injuries like an ankle
sprain can be left up the athletic trainer. All in all, athletic trainers in this community take
percussions and decide whats best for an athlete in order for them to return back to sport safely.
DISCOURSE COMMUNITY ETHNOGRAPHY 7
The athletic training department at UTEP communicates with each other in a bunch of
different ways. Usually over the phone and face to face are the primary sources of
communication they use. In the interview with Allegra, she explains how staff have monthly
meetings and assistances have semester meetings. The meetings for the assistances occur one in
the fall and one in the spring. These meetings are usually held in the training room. They come
together to discuss the future and primary goals of the department and touch bases on any other
subject they may need to touch up on. As far as communicating through the telephone goes, if
anyone throughout the day has a simple question or needs help with a certain situation they can
The athletic trainers possess knowledge in injury prevention, injury recognition, and
evaluation. They also assess in immediate care, and the treatment, rehabilitation, and
reconditioning of an athletic injury. For them to do this, they do need to communicate with
the athlete about the when, wheres, and hows. When did the injury happen? Where did this
happen at? And How? They also answer questions on injury reports and acquire feedback
from it. An athletic trainer and the rest of the community itself also gives off and receives
information and feedback when they participate in the acquired meetings. They make use of
the process of evidence based practices that goes on in the community in order to keep the
4. A discourse community utilizes and hence possesses one or more genres in the
Amongst the UTEP Athletic Training Department, they refer to a specific text called the
National Athletic Training Association. Every official athletic trainer must be certified. Every
state has what they call a scope of practice for their athletic training department. Each state is
different, but a scope of practice in the book provides an athletic trainer with a set of rules of
what they can and cannot do. What the community also adds to this characteristic is that for
every athletic injury, a trainer must complete an injury report. These injury reports are always
kept and documented down in some form of journal for specific reasons only.
5. In addition to owning genres, a discourse community had acquired some specific lexis
Its very beneficial that as a member of the athletic training program they realize the type of
vocabulary that will be used. A lot of medical terminology is used throughout the community.
When injuries happen its best to know what kind of injury it. For instance, in the interview I had
with Allegra she explains that when an athletic injury happens you must know if its acute or
chronic. A type of vocabular you need to know when feeling out injury reports, and receiving
The members apart of the UTEP Athletic Training Department fall into a level of hierarchy
depending on their educational level. It includes new members applying to athletic training and
members who have pioneered the field and are now considered the experts. At the beginning of
DISCOURSE COMMUNITY ETHNOGRAPHY 9
the hierarchy are those with the highest educational level and at the bottom of the hierarchy are
those still learning and working towards it. In this community, there are two head trainers Dawn,
who is head of everyone, and Tony who is the assistant head. Then there are 3 full time assistants
who already have their masters in kinesiology and stay with their given sport permanently. Under
the full-time assistants, there are 5 graduate assistants that are still working towards their
masters. Lastly at the way bottom of the hierarchy, there are student assistants that are working
To sum it up, since all six of Swales characteristics are met within the UTEP Athletic
Conclusion
community because it abides by every single one of Swales characteristics. The UTEP Athletic
Training Department has a specific primary goal, obtains a specific lexis, uses multiple genres
for communication, communicates within its members, and lastly has members in a hierarchy
References
5(1), 34-47.
Swales, J. (1990). The concept of discourse community. In D. Downs & E. Wardle (Eds.)
Writing about Writing (2nd Ed., 466-474). Boston: Bedford St. Martins