QUESTION 1

a) Materials can be classified into four general categories/types.

A B C D

Figure 1

i. Identify each category of materials based on Figure 1.

[4 marks]

ii. Label the blocks in Figure 2 to match with their suitable densities.

[4 marks]

Figure 2

b) Explain four (4) interrelationship that are involved in design, production and
utilization of materials
[8 marks]

c) List the characteristic of structural materials that can be used in space application.

[4 marks]

[Total: 20 marks]

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QUESTION 2

a) Write the electron configuration of the following ions using the spdf notation:
i. Fe3+
ii. Cu
iii. Br-
[6 marks]

b) Define the following terms

i. Crystal structure
ii. Amorphous
[4 marks]

c) Niobium has an atomic radius of 0.1430 nm and a density of 8.57 g/cm 3. Determine
whether it has an FCC or BCC crystal structure.
[10 marks]

[Total: 20 marks]

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QUESTION 3

a) Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter in gold at 750oC.The energy for
vacancy formation is 0.98eV. Furthermore, the density and atomic weight for Au are
18.63 g/cm3 at (750oC) and 196.9 g/mol, respectively.
[4 marks]

b) Describe and illustrate the following imperfection that can exist in the crystal lattice;
i. Self-interstitial
ii. Substitutional-impurity atom
[6 marks]

c) Consider the gas carburizing of a gear of 1020 steel at 900oC. Calculate the time in
minutes necessary to increase the carbon content to 0.45% at 0.45 mm below the
surface. Assume that the carbon content at the surface is 0.80% and the steel has a
nominal carbon content of 0.20%.
[10 marks]

[Total: 20 marks]

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QUESTION 4

a) Label the stress-strain plot in Figure 3.

Figure 3
[5 marks]

b) A specimen of magnesium having a rectangular cross section of dimension (3.2 mm x

20.2 mm) is deformed in tension. Using the load-elongation data tabulated as follows,
answer the following question:

Table 1
Load (N) Length (mm) Load (N) Length (mm)
0 50.800 44800 52.832
55.7330 50.851 46200 53.848
15100 50.902 47300 54.864
23100 50.952 47500 55.880
30400 51.003 46100 56.896
34400 51.054 44800 57.658
38400 51.308 42600 58.420
41300 51.816 36400 59.182

i. Plot the data as engineering stress versus engineering strain.

ii. Compute the modulus of elasticity
iii. Determine the yield strength at strain offset of 0.002.
iv. Determine the tensile strength of this alloy
[15 marks]

[Total: 20 marks]

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QUESTION 5

a) Discuss in details about cast iron. Your explanation, should include the following
information;
i. Definition
ii. Types
iii. Composition
iv. Properties
v. Application

[10 marks]

b) List some of the properties that make aluminum an extremely useful engineering
material.
[5 marks]

c) Explain the normalizing heat treatment for steel and list the significant/importance of
this treatment.
[5 marks]

[Total: 20 marks]

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APPENDIX A

APPENDIX B

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END OF QUESTION PAPER

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