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About This Designers Guide
Dual HCPL-063L 5 25
ANODE 1 VCC HCPL-263L 5 25 B
CATHODE 1 12 8 VO1
CATHODE 2 76 VO2
ANODE 2 34 GND
SHIELD
5
NOTES: A. VDE 0884 approved part with option 060 (pending). B. Option 020 on request.
CATHODE 2 7 VO2
ANODE 2 3 6 GND
4 5
NOTES: A. VDE 0884 approved part with option 060 (pending). B. Option 020 on request.
3.3V Digital Optocoupler Family (100 KBd Darlington Transistor Output Optocoupler)
Device Part No. Package I CTR VDE 0884 Insulation
300 mil SO8 400 mil SO5 40mA 0.5 mA 1.6 mA Min % Peak Voltage UL = 1 min.
DIP DIP 560 V 630 V 2500 V 5000 V
Single HCPL-070L 400 A
NC 8 VCC HCPL-270L 400 A B
1
ANODE VE
2 7
CATHODE 3 6 VO
NC 5 GND
4
CATHODE 2 2 7 VO2
ANODE 2 34 6 GND
5
NOTES: A. VDE 0884 approved part with option 060 (pending). B. Option 020 on request.
Please refer to data sheet for detailed electrical/switching specifications.
2
20 MBd Digital Logic Gate Optocoupler
Device Part No. Package I Prop Delay CMR-V/s @ (Vcm) VDE 0884 Insulation Note
300 mil SO8 400 mil SO5 mA tPHL/tPLH 1000 2000 5000 10000 10000 15000 Peak Voltage UL = 1 min.
DIP DIP ns (max) (50 V) (200 V) (50 V) (200 V) (1 kV) (1 kV) 630 V 1414 V 2500 V 5000 V
Single HCPL-2400 HCPL-2400 4 60 2
V CC
NC Anode 8
1
Anode E
2 7 V
Cathode VD
3 6
NC
GND
4 5
Dual HCPL-2430
HCPL-2430 4 60
Anode1 VCC
Cathode1 1 8
V01
Cathode2 2 7
V02
Anode2 3 6
GND
4 5
Anode 2 7 VE
HCPL-M601 5 100
Cathode 3 6 VOUT
HCPL-2611 5 100 B 2
4 5 GND
HCPL-0611 5 100
HCPL-M611 5 100
HCNW2611 5 100
HCPL-261A 2 100 B 2
HCPL-061A 2 100
HCPL-261N 2 100 B 2
HCPL-061N 2 100
Dual HCPL-2630 5 100 B
HCPL-0630 5 100
HCPL-2631 5 100 B
Anode1 1 8 VCC
HCPL-0631 5 100
Cathode1 2 7 V01
HCPL-4661 5 100 B
Cathode2 3 6 V02
HCPL-0661 5 100
Anode2 4 5
HCPL-263A 5 100 B
HCPL-063A 5 100
HCPL-263N 2 100 B
HCPL-063N 2 100
Shaded TextRECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGNS NOTES: 2. 630 V peak VDE 0884 with option 060. B. Option 020
3
8 MBd Digital Logic Gate Optocoupler
Device Part No. Package I CMR-V/ms @ (Vcm) VDE 0884 Insulation Note
300 mil SO8 400 mil SO5 mA 100 1000 2500 10000 Peak Voltage UL = 1 min.
DIP DIP (50 V) (50 V) (1400 V) (1 kV) 630 V 1414 V 2500 V 5000 V
Single HCPL-2300 0.5 2
8 VCC
HCPL-0300 0.5
1
Anode 7 RL
2
Cathode 3 6 VD
5 GND
4
CATHODE 2 3 6 VO2
ANODE 2 4 5 GND
Shaded TextRECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGNS NOTES: 2. 630 V peak VDE 0884 with option 060. 4. PIN 7 not connected. 5. PINS 6 and 7 reversed. 6. CMR=5000
4
1 MBd Digital Transistor Output Optocoupler
Device Part No. Package I Prop Delay CTR CMR-V/s @ (Vcm) VDE 0884 Insulation Note
300 mil SO8 400 mil SO 5 mA tPHL tPLH Min % Max % 1000 10000 15000 Peak Voltage UL = 1 min.
DIP DIP s (max) (10 V) (1.5 kV) (1.5 kV) 630 V 890 V 1414 V 2500 V 5000 V
Single 6N135 16 2.0 2.0 7 50 B
HCPL-0500 16 2.0 2.0 7 50
HCNW135 16 2.0 2.0 7 150
6N136 16 1.0 1.0 19 50 B
HCPL-0501 16 1.0 1.0 19 50
HCNW136 16 1.0 1.0 19 150
HCPL-4502 16 1.0 1.0 19 50 B 1
HCPL-M452 16 1.0 1.0 19 50 3
HCPL-0452 16 1.0 1.0 19 50 1
HCNW4502 16 1.0 1.0 19 150 1
1 8 V CC HCPL-4503 16 1.0 1.0 19 50 B 1,2
Anode 2 7 V
B HCPL-0453 16 1.0 1.0 19 50 1
Cathode 3 6 VO
HCNW4503 16 1.0 1.0 19 150 1
4 5 GND
HCPL-M453 16 1.0 1.0 19 50 3
HCPL-M454 12 1.0 1.4 26 65 3
HCPL-M456 10 0.4 0.55 44 >90
HCPL-4504 12 1.0 1.14 26 65 B 1,2
HCPL-0454 12 1.0 1.14 26 65 1
HCPL-J454 12 0.5 0.7 21 65
HCNW4504 12 0.5 0.7 25 65 1
HCPL-4506 10 0.4 0.55 44 >90 B 3
HCPL-0466 10 0.4 0.55 44 >90
HCPL-J456 10 0.4 0.55 44 >90 A
HCNW4506 10 0.4 0.5 44 >90
Dual HCPL-2530 16 2.0 2.0 7 50 B
HCPL-0530 16 2.0 2.0 7 50
Anode1 1 8 VCC
Cathode1 2 7 V01
HCPL-2531 16 1.0 1.0 19 50 B
Cathode2 3 6 V02
HCPL-0531 16 1.0 1.0 19 50
Anode2 4 5 GND HCPL-4534 16 1.0 1.0 19 50 B
HCPL-0534 16 1.0 1.0 19 50
Shaded TextRECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGNS NOTES: 1. PIN 7 not connected. 2. 630 V peak VDE 0884 with option 060. 3. No built-in pull resistor. A. 3750 Vrms / 1 min B. Option 020
5
Motor Drive Application +HV
Gate Drive
HCPL-31XX
HCPL-450X
Current Sense
3 phase HCPL-78XX Motor
line input
Voltage Sense
HCPL-78XX
-HV
Current Sense
HCPL-78XX
Serial
HCPL-
Communication XXXX Controller
4 5 VEE
HCPL-J312 7 2 30
HCNW3120 7 2 30
HCPL-3150 7 0.5 30 2
HCPL-J314 10 0.4 30
HCPL-0314 8 0.4 30
HCPL-3140 8 0.4 30
HCPL-T251 8 0.4 30
HCPL-314J 10 0.4 30
Dual 0.4 A Gate Drive Optocoupler with two separated channels
VIN+ VE
VIN- VLED2+ HCPL-315J 16 0.5 30
VCC1 VDESAT
GND1 VCC2 Dual 0.5 A Gate Drive Optocoupler with two separated channels
RESET COLL
FAULT VOUT HCPL-316J 1A 2 30
VLED1+ VEE
VLED1- VEE 2.0 A Gate Drive Optocoupler with integrated over-current Protection and Fault Feedback
CMOS compatible
Under Voltage Lock-Out Protection (UVLO) with Hysteresis
Regulatory Approvals: UL, CSA, VDE = 890 Vpeak
Shaded TextRECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGNS NOTES: 2. 630 V peak VDE 0884 with option 060.
HCPL-788J
VIN+ 1 16 GND2
VIN- 2 15 VDD2 Smart Current Sensor with integrated fast short circuit detection (3s)
CH 3 14 FAULT
CL 4 13 ABSVAL Analog Output direct compatible with A/D converters
VDD1 VOUT
1 V/ C offset change vs temperature
5 12
VLED+ 6 11 VREF
VDD1 7 10 VDD2
GND1 8 9 GND2
16 kHz bandwidth
2500 Vac UL approval, VDE = 890 Vpeak
Shaded TextRECOMMENDED FOR NEW DESIGNS NOTES: 7. 890 V peak VDE 0884 with option 060. 8. HCPL-7800A with 1% Gain Tolerance.
6
Optocouplers with Integrated Functions
High Speed Digital CMOS Logic Gate
Device Part No. Package Data Rate PWD Prop Delay
300 mil S08 Mb/s 30 ns 8 ns 6 ns ns
DIP (max) (max) (max) (max)
HCPL-7710 12.5 40
HCPL-7720 25 40
VDD1 1 8 VDD2
HCPL-7721 25 40
V1 2 7 NC
HCPL-0710 12.5 40
3
IO
6 V0
HCPL-0720 25 40
GND1 4 Shield
5 GND2
HCPL-0721 25 40
HCPL-0708 15 40
10 kV/s CMR @ Vcm = 1000 V
Viorm = 630 V VDE, 3750 Vac UL Approval
Wideband Analog/Video
Device Part No. Package Bandwidth DC Non-Linearity CTR IMRR VDE 0884
300 mil 400 mil typ max % typ % typ Viorm
DIP DIP MHz dB 1414 Vp
HCPL-4562 17 0.25 45 122
1 8 VCC HCNW4562 9 0.15 52 119
Anode 2 7 VB
Cathode 3 6 VO UL Approval 5000 V rms for 1 min for HCPL-4562 option 020
4 5 GND 0.3%/ C gain temperature coefficient
Line Receiver
Device Part No. Package Output Collector Current Prop Delay CMR-V/s @ (Vcm)
300 mil mA ns 1000 3500
DIP (max) (max) (150) (300)
HCPL-2602 50 100
1 8 VCC
HCPL-2612 50 100
+IN 2 7 VE
40 ns max propagation delay skew (part to part)
-IN 3 6 VOut Line termination circuitry included
4 5 GND 2500 Vac UL approval
7
Optocouplers with Integrated Functions, continued
20 mA Current Loop Transmitter/Receiver
Device Part No. Package Data Rate kBd @ (meters) Prop Delay CMR-V/s @ (Vcm)
300 mil 20 20 ms 1000 1000
DIP 400 1400 (max) (150) (50)
HCPL-4100 HCPL-4200 HCPL-4100 1.6
HCPL-4200 1.6
1 8 VCC I+ 1 8 VCC
2 7 I- 2 7 VO
CMOS compatible data input for HCPL-4100
I+ 3 6 VI 3 6 VE CMOS compatible data input for HCPL-4200
I- 4 5 GND 4 5 GND 2500 Vac UL approval
Cathode 2 5 Collector
CNY17-2 A 63 125 70 1
3 4 Emitter
CNY17-3 A 100 200 70 1
CNY17-4 A 160 320 70 1
NOTES: 1. VDE 0884 with option 060. A. Wide-lead spacing (10.16 mm) with option W00
Packages
Widebody
Package SMD SMD
4 3 6 5 4 Package Package
1 2 1 2 3
Option Nomenclatures
060 = VDE0884 Option 00C = Rank Mark C (for HCPL-181 and HCPL-817 only)
W00 = 0.4 Lead Spacing Option 00D = Rank Mark D (for HCPL-181 and HCPL-817 only)
300 = Lead Bend SMD Option 00L = Rank Mark L (for HCPL-817 only)
500 = Tape and Reel Packaging Option 020 = UL 5000 Vrms/1 minute Option
00A = Rank Mark A (for HCPL-181 and HCPL-817 only) VDE option (060)
00B = Rank Mark B (for HCPL-181 and HCPL-817 only)
8
Hermetic and Hi-Rel Optocouplers
Please be advised that Class H and class K devices have very similar Screening and Quality Conformance
Inspection requirements as shown above. Class K devices, however, have substantially more stringent
element evaluation and assembly criteria. The quality and reliability of a Class K device is achieved through
the build process. Additional testing of a lesser grade product does not assure a comparative product.
10
Hermetically Sealed High Speed Logic Gate Optocouplers
Single Part No. Class H DSCC Class K DSCC Package No. Typical Common Input Withstand
Channel SMD SMD 8 pin 16 pin 16 pin 20 pad of Data Mode @ Current Test
Schematic Class H* Class K* DIP DIP FP LCCC Channels Rate VCM = 50V Voltage
NC 1 8 VCC HCPL-5200 HCPL-5201 5962-8876801 HCPL-520K 5962-8876802K 1 5 MBd 1000V/s 28 mA 1500 Vdc
ANODE 2 7 VO HCPL-5230 HCPL-5231 5962-8876901 HCPL-523K 5962-8876904K 2 5 MBd 1000V/s 28 mA 1500 Vdc
CATHODE 3 6 VE HCPL-6230 HCPL-6231 5962-8876902 HCPL-623K 5962-8876905K 2 5 MBd 1000V/s 28 mA 1500 Vdc
NC 4 5 GND
HCPL-6250 HCPL-6251 5962-8876903 HCPL-625K 5962-8876906K 4 5 MBd 1000V/s 28 mA 1500 Vdc
NC 1 8 VCC HCPL-5400 HCPL-5401 5962-8957001 HCPL-540K 5962-8957002K 1 20 MBd 500V/s 610 mA 1500 Vdc
ANODE 2 7 VE HCPL-5430 HCPL-5431 5962-8957101 HCPL-543K 5962-8957103K 2 20 MBd 500V/s 610 mA 1500 Vdc
CATHODE 3 6 VO HCPL-6430 HCPL-6431 5962-8957102 HCPL-643K 5962-8957104K 2 20 MBd 500V/s 610 mA 1500 Vdc
NC 4 5 GND
3 14 VE1
base 1 4 13 VO1
5 12 VE2
+Iin 6 11 VO2
7 10 GND
base 2 8 9
NC 1
4N55 4N55/883B 5962-8767901 HCPL-257K 5962-8767905K 2 700 KBd 9% min 16 mA 1500 Vdc
8 VCC
ANODE 2 7 VB
HCPL-5500 HCPL-5501 5962-9085401H HCPL-550K 5962-9085401K 1 700 KBd 9% min 16 mA 1500 Vdc
CATHODE 3 6 VO
HCPL-5530 HCPL-5531 5962-8767902 HCPL-553K 5962-8767906K 2 700 KBd 9% min 16 mA 1500 Vdc
NC 4 5 GND HCPL-6530 HCPL-6531 5962-8767903 HCPL-653K 5962-8767907K 2 700 KBd 9% min 16 mA 1500 Vdc
HCPL-6550 HCPL-6551 5962-8767904 HCPL-655K 5962-8767908K 4 700 KBd 9% min 16 mA 1500 Vdc
ANODE 2 7 NC
HCPL-5700 HCPL-5701 5962-8981001 HCPL-570K 5962-8981002K 1 100 KBd 300% min 0.55 mA 1500 Vdc
CATHODE 3 6 VO
HCPL-5730 HCPL-5731 5962-8978501 HCPL-573K 5962-8978503K 2 100 KBd 300% min 0.55 mA 1500 Vdc
NC 4 5 GND HCPL-6730 HCPL-6731 5962-8978502 HCPL-673K 5962-8978504K 2 100 KBd 300% min 0.55 mA 1500 Vdc
HCPL-6750 HCPL-6751 8302401 HCPL-675K 5962-9800201K 4 100 KBd 300% min 0.55 mA 1500 Vdc
* DSCC SMD Number does not include extensions for lead form and finish.
11
Hermetically Sealed AC/DC to Logic Interface Optocoupler
Single Part No. Class H DSCC Class K DSCC Package No. Typical Input Output Withstand
Channel SMD SMD 8 pin of Data Threshold Current Test
Schematic Class H* Class K* DIP Channels Rate Current Voltage
DC+ Vcc HCPL-5760 HCPL-5761 5962-8947701 HCPL-576K 5962-8947702K 1 100 KHz 2.5 mA TH+ 2.6 mA 1500 Vdc
2 D1 D2 8 1.3 mA TH
1 AC VO
4 AC D3 D4 6
DC- 5
3 GND
NC 1 8 Vo+
HSSR-7110 HSSR-7111 5962-9314001H 1 90 V 1.0 Ohm 0.8 A ac 250 mA 1500 Vdc
ANODE 2 7
1.6 A dc
CATHODE 3 6
NC 4 5 Vo-
VIN+ 2 + 7 VOUT+
+
VIN- 3 6 VOUT-
GND 1 4 5 GND 2
ANODE 2 7 RL
CATHODE 3 6 V
O
NC 4 5 GND
* DSCC SMD Number does not include extensions for lead form and finish.
4N45/6 HCPL-2400/11/30
6N135/6/7/8/9 HCPL-2502/30/31
HCPL-0201/11 HCPL-2601/02/11/12/
HCPL-0452/3 30/31
HCPL-0500/1 HCPL-2730/1 HCPL-314J/315J HCPL-7800/A
HCPL-0600/01/11 HCPL-3700/60 HCPL-316J HCPL-7840
HCPL-0700/1 HCPL-4100/4200 HCPL-7601/11 HCPL-788J
HCPL-2200/01/02/11/ HCPL-4502/03/34/62 HCPL-7710 HSSR-8060/8400
12/19/31/32 HCPL-4661 HCPL-7720/1
HCPL-2300
5,000 5,000
WEAR-OUT REGION WEAR-OUT REGION
4,500 4,500
4,000 4,000
SAFE SAFE
OPERATING OPERATING
3,500 3,500 REGION FOR
REGION FOR
TRANSIENT TRANSIENT
3,000 INPUT-OUTPUT 3,000 INPUT-OUTPUT
VOLTAGE VOLTAGE
2,500 2,500
2,000 2,000
1,500 ENDURANCE VOLTAGE 800 Vac 1,500 ENDURANCE VOLTAGE 800 Vac
(NOTE: FOR DC OPERATION, (NOTE: FOR DC OPERATION,
ENDURANCE VOLTAGE IS 1000 Vdc) ENDURANCE VOLTAGE IS 1000 Vdc
1,000 1,000
500 500
SAFE OPERATING REGION FOR CONTINUOUS SAFE OPERATING REGION FOR CONTINUOUS
INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE
0 0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Figure 1. Recommended Safe Operating Area for Input- Figure 2. Recommended Safe Operating Area for Input-
Output Voltage-Endurance Voltage for Category 1 Output Voltage-Endurance Voltage for Category 2
Optocouplers. Optocouplers.
Category 3 Optocouplers:
INSULATION
4,000 SAFE
OPERATING
3,500 REGION FOR
TRANSIENT
3,000 INPUT-OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
2,500
2,000
ENDURANCE VOLTAGE 800 Vac
DETECTOR
1,500
(NOTE: FOR DC OPERATION,
ENDURANCE VOLTAGE IS 1000 Vdc)
1,000
500 EXTERNAL
SAFE OPERATING REGION FOR CONTINUOUS
INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE CLEARANCE
0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Figure 3. Recommended Safe Operating Area for Figure 4. Optocouplers Insulation Parameters.
Input-Output Voltage-Endurance Voltage for
Category 3 Optocouplers.
WARNING: In all cases where regulatory compliance is required, working voltage as defined by the
regulatory agency cannot be exceeded.
14
INSULATIONAND REGULATION
Table 9
COMMON REGULATORY AGENCIES
Name Country Abbreviation
Verband Deutscher Electrotechniker Germany VDE
Underwriters Laboratories United States UL
Canadian Standards Association Canada CSA
British Standards Institute United Kingdom BSI
Norge Elektriske Materielkontrol Norway NEMKO
Danmarks Elektriske Materielkontrol Denmark DEMKO
Svenska Elektriske Materielkontrollanstalten AB Sweden SEMKO
Sahkotarkastuskeskus Elinspektionscentralen Finland SETI
Currently, little conformity exists Comparative Tracking Index protected against over-
between the various agencies (CTI) voltage with devices such as
regarding mechanical configura- Outer molding material charac- diverters, filters, capacitors,
tions and electrical test require- terization in the presence of etc.
ments. Within the European aqueous contaminants. The II Energy consuming equip-
Union, however, standardization higher the CTI value, the more ment (e.g., appliances)
of equipment as well as component resistant the material is to supplied through a fixed
level specifications is in progress. electrical arc tracking. CTI is installation.
In the interim, testing and often used with creepage by III Primarily equipment in fixed
approval according to equipment safety agencies to determine installations (e.g., fixed
type and environmental factors working voltage. industrial equipment).
must be obtained according to IV Primary supply level for
External Creepage
the control documents of each industrial factories.
The shortest distance along the
country. The International Insulation
outside surface, between input
Electrotechnical Commission Operational - required for
and output leads, measured in
(IEC), with worldwide correct equipment operation but
mm. Refer to Figure 4.
representation, provides a forum not as a protection against
for generating technical Dielectric Insulation Voltage
electric shock.
standards. The European Withstand Rating
Basic - protects against electric
Committee for Electrotechnical The ability to withstand without
shock.
Standardization (CENELEC), has breakdown a 60 second appli-
Supplementary - independently
European Commission authority cation of a defined dielectric
applied to basic insulation to
to adopt IEC standards as insulation voltage between input
protect against shock in the
European Norms (EN), with the and output leads.
event of its failure.
force of law. Distance Through Insulation Double - composed of both
Distance between the photo- basic and supplementary.
Common Terms emitter and photodetector Reinforced - A single insulation
External Clearance inside optocoupler cavity (also system composed of several
The shortest distance through called internal clearance). Refer layers (e.g., single and
air, between conductive input to Figure 4. supplementary).
and output leads, measured in Installation Class Internal Clearance
mm. Refer to Figure 4. I Equipment in closed See Distance Through
systems (e.g., telecom) Insulation.
15
INSULATION AND REGULATION
16
INSULATIONAND REGULATION
INTERNAL SHIELD
TRANSMIT SIDE RECEIVE SIDE
LED PHOTODIODE
R VDM RL
OPTO-
ISOLATOR RL IP
V
IB
VO
CIS CSB
VG1
INPUT GROUND VCM
iCM
VOLTMETER VG2
VOLTMETER OUTPUT GROUND
+ (VCM)
NOTE: iCM GETS DIVERTED TO GROUND, VG2, WHEN INPUT IS OFF.
COMMON-MODE TRANSIENT
iCM IS SUPPLIED FROM GROUND, VG2, WHEN OUTPUT IS ON.
17
COMMON-MODE TRANSIENT REJECTION
INTERNAL SHIELD
Referring to Figure 6a the para-
sitic distributed capacitance CIS, iLP
which might tend to couple VDM RL
transient current into the transistor LED PHOTODIODE
IP IB
base node (for example when the CIA
VO
transistor is in the off state)
VG1
terminates on an internal Faraday INPUT GROUND VCM
shield. Therefore the transient VOLTMETER CIC VG2
current, ICM, gets diverted to OUTPUT GROUND
output ground (VG2). Referring to
Figure 6b, the parasitic distrib- NOTE: CURRENT STOLEN FROM LED: iLP = CIAdVCM
uted capacitances, CIA and CIC are dt
18
COMMON-MODE TRANSIENT REJECTION
HV +
ISOLATION ISOLATION
GATE GATE
DRIVE A1 B1 DRIVE
CONTROL
CIRCUITRY
MOTOR
1 2
GATE GATE
DRIVE B2 A2 DRIVE
HV -
As long as the amplitude VCM and transistors (A1, B1) is attached to example, a half bridge circuit that
value of dVCM /dt are less than the the drain of a second set of switches between +250 V and
ratings for the optocoupler being transistors (A2, B2). When -250 V in 100 ns creates a
used, VOH will remain above 2 V transistor set A turns on, set B common-mode transient signal of
(maximum TTL VIH) and VOL will turns off. Current flows from the 5000 V/s with an amplitude of
remain below 0.8 V (minimum positive supply, through 500 V (see Figure 9). The device
TTL VIL). Note that the slight transistor A1, through the load, that carries the control infor-
perturbations in output voltage and through transistor A2. When mation to each MOSFET must be
occur sometime after the input set B turns on, set A turns off, able to withstand this level of
pulse which causes them, due to and the polarity of the current common-mode interference.
the non-zero response time of the through the inductive load is Although this example may seem
output transistor to the reversed. extreme, it is a fact that engineers
perturbation signal. continue to use faster-switching
How does this operation create a transistors to increase motor
Common-mode signals can common-mode problem? The efficiency. Power MOSFETs, for
originate from several different input of each gate drive circuitry example, are commonly used in
sources. A full bridge power is referenced to the ground of the power inverter applications
inverter, shown in Figure 8, is a digital control circuitry; the because they are capable of high
good example of an application output common, on the other frequency, high power switching.
that can exhibit large amounts of hand, is floating and referenced The fast switching speeds of the
common-mode noise. Full-bridge to the source of its associated transistors, however, can
inverters are commonly found in power transistor. The floating generate common-mode signals
motor-speed control and switching commons of the upper gate drive with very high rates of change
power supply applications. The circuits rapidly switch between (dVCM/dt).
power inverter is generally used the positive and negative power
to produce an ac output from a supplies. This rapid switching The common-mode signal rate of
dc input. In a full-bridge inverter creates a large voltage swing rise can also be affected by the
application like that shown in across the input to output of the reverse recovery characteristics
Figure 8, the source of one set of gate drive circuitry. As an of diodes D1 and D2 in the power
19
COMMON-MODE TRANSIENT REJECTION
+250 V
I Q1
D1 I D2
Q1
MOTOR
V CM
VCM
D2 I D2
Q2
VCM
-250 V
20
COMMON-MODE TRANSIENT REJECTION
21
LED DEGRADATION
22
LED DEGRADATION
1.2
where, MEAN LOP
1.1 MEAN - 3 LOP
IF(min) = minimum recommended
IF at t = 0 hours. 1.0
MEASURED IF = 5 mA
STRESSED IF = 25 mA
IGB(min) = minmum guardbanded
0.9
IF after t = 10 khours. AlGaAs (TYPE 1) LED IS USED IN:
HCNW22XX/26XX/45XX/4562
a = 1.3 (empirical curve - fit) 0.8 HCNW135/6/7/8/9
= Post-stress LOP Factor HCNR200/1
0.7 HCPL-78XX
( 0.784 for 10 khours, HCPL-7100/1
HCPL-7601/11
TA = 125C, IF = 20 mA) 0.6
0.5
This equation applies well when 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
IF is approximately constant. TIME (kHOURS)
Example: To calculate the Figure 12b. Normalized LED Light Output (LOP) vs. Time for AlGaAs LED
(Stress IF = 25 mA, TA = 125C).
appropriate IGB(min) for an
HCPL-3120 note that
IF(min) = 7 mA. Applying the
above relationship for 10 khour
guardbanding,
IGB(min) = 8.50 mA.
1.0
LOP (NORMALIZED)
NORMALIZED TO LOP @ 20 mA
BEFORE STRESS
ESTIMATED LOP
(NORMALIZED)
0.1
AFTER 10 kHOURS
BASED ON %
DEGRADATION
AFTER STRESS
OF IF = 20 mA
0 (ACTUAL PERCENT
DEGRADATION
WILL BE SMALLER
WITH IF < 25 mA)
0
0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0
IF (mA)
Figure 13. Typical GaAsP LED Light-Output (LOP) vs. IF After 0 khours and 10
khours of Continuous Operation at 125C, IF = 20 mA.
23
LED DEGRADATION
NORMALIZED TO LOP @ IF (t = 0) = 20 mA
0.40
LOP (NORMALIZED) 350
0.35 BEFORE STRESS
300
Figure 14. GaAsP LED Light Output (LOP) vs. IF on a Linear Scale (Stressed at Figure 15. Slope of Typical GaAsP
TA = 125C, TF = 20 mA). LOP vs. IF.
Factors which will increase the operating IF, the lower the 3. Operation at ambient
expected LED guardbanded- percent degradation will be as temperature TA < 125C will
operation times are: a function of time. also decrease the amount of
1. Operation at lower IF: LOP 2. Operation at Duty Factor LOP degradation (again, due to
decreases less with reduced (DF) less than 100% will decreased TJ) increasing
operating IF. Therefore, opera- increase guardbanded operat- operation lifetime.
tion at IGB < IF < 20 mA will ing lifetimes. For any particular
result in guardbanded operating duty factor, the new guard- Agilent also has LED degradation
lifetimes longerthan 10 khours. banded lifetime becomes: data available for other LED
This is due to the fact that lifetimecontinuous types. AlGaAs LEDs tend to be
lower operating IF reduces more linear than GaAsP LEDs and
DF (%)
junction temperature (TJ) display less degradation over time
which subsequently reduces 100
than GaAsP. Therefore the
the amount of degradation calculations used here can be
over time. Generally, the lower applied with confidence to
optocouplers using AlGaAs LEDs.
For further specific questions,
please contact your local Agilent
Technologies' sales
representative.
24
LED DEGRADATION
2.5C0.5C/sec.
of the device.
180C Soldering Time
150C 200C
140C 30 sec Printed Circuit Board Layout:
3C+1C/-0.5C
30 sec An optocoupler performs reliably
50 sec
100
Pre Heating Time
only in a correctly designed
150C, 9030 sec. circuit. In most digital optocoup-
Room
TIGHT
TYPICAL
lers the amplifier at the output is
Temperature LOOSE required to operate with the very
0 low photocurrent from the
0 50 100 150 200 250
photodetector. Consequently
TIME (seconds)
these amplifiers can be sensitive
Figure 16. Temperature/Time Thermal Profile. to electrical disturbances. It is
therefore necessary to have
proper shielding and bypassing of
Agilent optocouplers are suitable immersed in the solder. To
the VCC and Ground traces.
for automatic printed circuit prevent chloride corrosion of the
Bypassing closely to each of the
board (PCB) assembly operations lead frame, halide fluxes should
optocouplers VCC-to-Ground pins
including surface mount assembly. not be used.
with low-inductance ceramic
The following guidelines are capacitor is recommended as
recommended for proper opera- Wave Soldering: The maximum shown in Figure 17.
tion and long term reliability of solder temperature allowed is
Agilent optocouplers. 260C for 10 seconds, with the
Figure 17 shows an optional PCB
solder 1.6 mm below the seating
layout for a high speed digital
Solder Reflow Process: Only one plane.
optocoupler for improving
soldering operation is recom- electrical noise immunity. The
mended within the thermal Solvent Cleaning: The solvent optional VCC and Ground traces
profile shown in Figure 16. With temperature and immersion time
between the pin rows of the
infrared lamp heating, use should not exceed 45C and three
optocoupler help shield the
precautions to avoid localized minutes respectively. For ultra-
output circuitry from electrical
temperature rise in the resin. sonic cleaning, environmentally
disturbances on the input pins,
Also, the resin should not be safe solvents such as ethyl and
thus improving common-mode
methyl alcohol are recommended.
rejection.
HCPL-2601/11 HCPL-2601/11
ANODE 2 7 VE
0.1F
CATHODE 3 6 VOUT
OUTPUT
4 5 GND
GND BUS
10 mm MAX
Figure 17. Optional Printed Circuit Board Layout for Improved Electrical Noise Immunity.
25
Digital Optoisolators:
An Overview
Introduction
Agilent Technologies offers a wide
array of Optoisolators for noise
rejection, ground loop current
elimination, and high voltage PHOTO
DIODE HCPL-4504
isolation for digital data (PIN) HCPL-0454 V+
HCNW4504
transmission and communication
applications. The product offering
1 8
includes low speed (100 kbit/s to
1CM bit/s) split Darlington or
RIN
single transistor type VIN 2 7 RL
PHOTO
DIODE VCC
HCPL-2601
(PIN)
R1 2
ENABLE R2
VIN
7
LED
VOUT
Figure 3 shows a photodiode 3 6
CMOS
PUSH-PULL
4 5 OUTPUT
SHIELD STAGE
1 2
*PIN 3 IS THE ANODE OF THE INTERNAL LED AND MUST BE LEFT UNCONNECTED FOR
GUARANTEED DATA SHEET PERFORMANCE.
C1, C2 = 0.01 TO 0.1 F
27
Digital Logic Interface/Level
Shifting Applications
HCPL-2201
R IN 1 VCC2 8 VCC2
VCC1 (+5 V)
(+5 V) TTL/
2 7 LSTTL DATA
OUTPUT
DATA TTL/
LSTTL 3 6 0.1 F
INPUT
GND
4 5
TOTEM
POLE
OUTPUT
GATE 1 2
VCC1 - VF - VOL
RIN =
IF
RECOMMENDED R IN = 1.1 k
+5 V
HCPL-4502/3
R IN 1 8
IF
VIN 74LS05 2 7 RL
IO I IL
3 6 VOUT
29
DIGITAL INTERFACE
Low Power 8 MBd CMOS Interface
8 0.1 VDD2
VDD1 20 pF 1 k F
RL
7
VIN VO
2 6
RI
3
5
1 2
VDD1 RI RL VDD1
(V) (k) (k) (V)
5 5.11 1 5
10 13.3 2.37 10
15 19.6 3.16 15
30
DIGITAL INTERFACE
25 MBd CMOS Interface
HCPL-7721
VDD1 1 8 VDD2
C1 C2
VIN 2 7
74HCTO4
IO 74HCTO4
NC 3 6 VOUT
LED1
GND1 4 5 GND2
SHIELD
Benefits
Lower power consumption
Very simple interface
31
DIGITAL INTERFACE
Low Power 100 kBd CMOS Interface
6N139
1 8
1/6 74HCTO4
R1
VIN 2 7 4.7 k
* 1/4 74HC/HCT08
3 6 VOUT
4 5
R 1 = VOH - VF
IF
32
DIGITAL INTERFACE
Isolated 3 V Logic Interface/Battery Operated Applications
V IN 0.1 F 10.0 F
RL
R1 2 2
74LVU04
1 VOUT
* USE ANY 1
SIGNAL DIODE
Description Performance of
The HCPL-4701 low-power Optocoupler Alternative Agilent Parts
optocoupler is used for 3 V-to-3 V Typical optocoupler current 1) HCPL-4731 Dual Low Power
Logic interface across an transfer ratio: 3500% at Optocoupler
isolation barrier. Only 40 A of IF = 40 A 2) HCPL-070A SO-8 Low Power
LED current (IF) is required to Input current for optocoupler Optocoupler
turn-on the optocoupler. Typical turn-on: 40 A 3) HCPL-073A SO-8 Dual Channel
power for dissipation for just the Low Power Optocoupler
optocoupler is 135 W at IF = 4) HCPL-050L/060L/070L,
Benefits
40 A, and 965 A at IF = 500 A. HCPL-250L/260L/270L
Low power dissipation
3.3 VCOptocouplers
33
Data Communications
Applications
1 8 VCC
3.3 k
RS-232C 2 7 RL
INPUT
( 3 V TO 25 V)
1N4150
3 6 VO
CMOS or LSTTL
4 5
3.3V
HCPL-260L DS14C335
R1
R2
RS232
OUTPUT
1 2
DIGITAL
LOGIC
3.3V
HCPL-260L
R4
R3 RS232
INPUT
1 2
Benefits
Compact design with small
outline optocouplers
Prevents common-mode
transients from interfering with
the signal
Low power dissipation
35
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
Isolated RS-485 Bus Interface
+5 V +5 V COMMON
ISOLATED
SUPPLY
TERMINATION
DS75176A
DATA IN
RS-485
HCPL-2631 LINE
DR/RX
ENABLE
VCC
DS75176A DATA IN
DATA OUT
HCPL-2601
RS-485
LINE HCPL-2631
DRIVER
GND 1 RECEIVER
ENABLE
TERMINATION
VCC
ISOLATION RS-485 BUS
DATA OUT
HCPL-2601
GND
36
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
Isolated Device Net/CAN Communication Interface
5V
REGULATOR
+ +
5V 5V
HCPL-0720
1 8 5V 2
TX 2 7
3
0.1 F
VCC
3 6 TXD
5 V+
1
0.1 F C4 +
0.01
4 5 7
SHIELD F CANH 4 CAN+
1 2
3 SHIELD
5V 5V 82C250
HCPL-0720
6
CANL 2 CAN-
8 1
5 VREF
0.1 F RS REF
8 1 V-
7 2
RXD
GND 4
RX 6 3 2 D1
0.1 F 30 V
C1 R1
5 4
2 0.01 F 1M
SHIELD
1
2
2 500 V
37
ANALOG APPLICATIONS
Isolated 4-20 mA Analog Current Loop Transmitter/Receiver
HCNR200
+ILOOP LED
0.001F HCNR200/201
Z1 1 NC 8
R1 5.1V R5
10k R4 80k LED
180 0.1 F 2 NC 7
LM158 Vcc
5.5V K1 K2
2N3906
HCNR200 + 3 6
PD1 + Vout
R2
10k 0.001F LM158
HCNR200
PD 2 4 PD1 PD2 5
2
-ILOOP R3
25
A) RECEIVER
+ILOOP
Vcc
5.5V
R8 2N3904
R2 100k R3
0.001F 150 LM158 10k
HCNR200 Z1 2N3904 +
R1 Vcc LED 5.1V
Vin 80k 0.1F HCNR200
2N3906 2N3904
+ R6 0.001F R4 PD 2
HCNR200 LM158 R7 140 10k
PD 1 3.2k
1
R5 -ILOOP
25
B) TRANSMITTER
NOTE: The two OP-AMPS shown are two separate LM158, and NOT two channels in a single DUAL package;
otherwise, the LOOP saide and input sied will not be properly isolated.
38
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
Isolated 20 mA Current Loop Interface
39
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
Multidrop Line Receiver
39
39
1 2 3 6 7 8
YX YX YX YX YX YX
6N138
1 8 +5 v
560
X 2 7 2.2 k
IF
Y 3 6 VO
4 5
40
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
Isolated Balanced Line Receiver - Circuit No. 1
/ HCPL-0300
*
R1
C 1*
/ HCPL-0300
100M
BALANCED
TYPICAL SIGNAL RATE BAUD
SPLIT PHASE
10M 10% PULSE WIDTH DISTORTION
22 AWG UNSHIELDED TWISTED
PAIR WIRE CABLE (DEARBORN
NO. 862205)
1M
TA = 25 C
BALANCED
(SINGLE
100K HCPL-2300
NO EX- OR FF)
10K
1 10 100 1000 10,000
+5 V
HCPL-2631
H RL H
H H
L
DATA
L 0.1 F RL
RS L
L H
Z
ICM VCM LSTTL EXCLUSIVE
OR FLIP FLOP
1 2
Performance of Circuit
Signaling rate: up to 10 MBd
Optocoupler common mode
rejection: 10,000 V/s
42
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
Isolated Tri-State Line Driver
LOCAL VCC
RS HCPL-4661 8
RL RL 2
1 4
7
5
H L 2
DATA IN 3
ENABLE 4
6 6
(HIGH)
3 1/2 75159
5
43
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
Isolated Unbalanced Line Receiver
44
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
PROFIBUS/RS-422 1.5 MB/s
5V
8 1
ISO 5 V ISO 5 V
680 7 2 REG
0.01 F
820
RX 6 3
5 4
SHIELD
HCPL-061N
ISO 5 V
5V
8
ISO 5 V 1 VCC
1 k 1 k R
0.01
1 8
F 6
680 680 A +
TX 4
2 7 D RT
SN75176
0.01 F 3 7
3 6 DE B
TX
ENABLE
4 5 2 1M
SHIELD
RE GND 0.01 F
5
HCPL-063N
45
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
Isolated PROFIBUS/RS-485
12 MB/s Communication Application
HCPL-0721 ISO 5 V
5V
8 1 ISO 5 V
0.01 F
7 2 REG
RX 6 3
0.01 F
5 4
SHIELD
1 8 8
1 VCC
R
TX 2 7 0.01 F
0.01
F 6
4 A +
3 6 D
0.01 F
RT
4 5
SHIELD 75ALS176D
3 7
DE B
ISO 5 V
5V 1 8
2
680 RE
2 7 GND
0.01 F 5
1 k
1M
3 6 0.01 F
TX
ENABLE
4 5
SHIELD
HCPL-061N
46
Telecommunications
Applications
56 k
22 M
2 7
-48 V dc 0.1 F 2N3906
1N4150
3 6
10 k
100 k
R(+) 4 5 VOUT
1 k
TELEPHONE LINE
ISOLATION BARRIER
RECEIVE
2-WIRE
ISDN PROTECTION
LINE CIRCUIT
TRANSMIT
1 8
2 7 LINE POLARITY
HCPL-4731
3 6
LINE RESPONSE
4 5
TELEPHONE
LINE
8 INTERFACE
PRIMARYSECONDARY 2
POWER ISOLATION HCPL-4701 6 CIRCUIT
3 SECONDARY/
BARRIER 5 EMERGENCY
EMERGENCY
POWER POWER
SWITCHED
MODE
VCC
SECONDARY
PRIMARY P0WER VCC RETURN
AC VOLTAGE SUPPLY POWER
POWER
SUPPLY
48
Analog Isolation Applications
with Linear Optocouplers
HCNR200/1
1 NC 8
LED
2 NC 7
Introduction The HCNR200/1 optoisolator can be
K1 K2
Optoisolators transfer analog and used as a basic analog isolation 3 6
digital signals from one circuit section building block for a wide variety of
or module to another in the presence applications that require good 4 5
PD1 PD2
of a large potential difference or stability, linearity, bandwidth and
induced electrical noise between the low cost. The HCNR200/1 is very
flexible and, by appropriate design of Figure 1. HCNR-200/1 High Linearity
ground or common points of these
the application circuit, is capable of Analog Isolator
modules. Examples of analog isolation
applications are interfaces to: A/D operating in many different modes,
converters, sensing circuits such as including unipolar, bipolar, ac/dc,
thermocouples and transducers, inverting and non-inverting.
patient monitoring equipment, motor
speed and position measurement The HCPL-4562 and HCNW4562 are NC 1 8 V CC
circuits, audio and video amplifiers, recommended for very high
and power supply feedback. bandwidth (up to 15 MHz) AC analog ANODE 2 7 VB
designs. If the output transistor is
biased in the active region, the CATHODE 3 6 VO
Basic Building Blocks for current transfer ratio relationship for
Analog Isolation the HCPL-4562 can be represented NC 4 5 GND
Agilent Technologies HCNR200/1 as:
and HCPL4562 constitute basic
optical coupling building blocks for
IC = K ( IF / IFQ ) n Figure 2. HCPL-4562 High Bandwidth
Analog Isolator
high linearity isolation applications.
Figures 1 and 2 show the respective where IC is the collector current; IF is
optical coupling mechanisms for the LED input current, IFQ is LED
these two optoisolators. Both these input current at which K is
HCPL-4562
isolators use high-performance measured; K is the collector current 80
optoisolators. The HCNR200/1 LED The exponent n varies with IF, but
50
illuminates two closely matched over some limited range of DI F, n can
photodiodes, one on the input side, be regarded as a constant. For ac- 40
and another on the output side. With signal applications, the HCPL-4562
30
a suitable applications circuit for the can be biased at an appropriate
TA = 25 C
HCNR200/1, the nonlinearity and quiescent current where the ratio of 20
VPB > 5 V
VCC2 +5 V
VCC1 +5 V
R2 R5 R7
LED
R3 68 k 10 k 470
10 k VOUT
R1 Q2 Q4
68 k 2N3904 2N3904
Q1 Q3
VIN
2N3906 2N3906
R4 R6
PD1 10 PD2 10
HCNR200/1
1 NC 8
LED
2 NC 7
ISOLATION
BARRIER K1 K2
3 6
4 PD1 PD2 5
50
ANALOG APPLICATIONS
Precision Isolation Amplifier for Unipolar Signals
D1
VEE1 -15 V LED 1N4150 VEE2 -15 V
HCNR200/1
1 NC 8
LED
ISOLATION 2 NC 7
BARRIER
K1 K2
3 6
4 PD1 PD2 5
51
ANALOG APPLICATIONS
Isolation Amplifier for Bipolar Signals - Circuit No. 1
C3 10 pF
C1 10 pF
R6 R7
180 k 50 k
R2
180 k D1 R4
680 GAIN
OC1 + OC1 OC1
R1 PD1 LED PD2 VOUT
VIN 50 k +
BALANCE
OC2 OC2 OC2
PD1 + LED PD2
R5
R3 D2 680 HCNR200/1
180 k 1 NC 8
LED
C2 10 pF
2 NC 7
ISOLATION K1 K2
BARRIER 3 6
4 PD1 PD2 5
52
ANALOG APPLICATIONS
Isolation Amplifier for Bipolar Signals - Circuit No. 2
10 pF
D1 D3 R4
680 k
CNR201
+ C3 10 pF
R2 R3
10 k 4.7 k R5 R6
VIN LED 180 k 50 k
D2 +
GAIN
CONTROL
D4 VMAGNITUDE
+
+
C2 10 pF
VCC
6N138
+
R7
10 k R8
2.2 k
VSIGN
53
ANALOG APPLICATIONS
AC-Coupled Isolation Amplifier
+5 V
HCPL-4562
ID
+5 V 1 8
IF KPD R5 R7
5.6 k 470
2 7
VOUT
R1 2 F
2.2 k 3 6 Q3
2 F R4
Q2 18 k I3
VIN Q1 4 5
R2
1.8 k R6
D1 R3 Q1 2N3904 82
1N4150 330 Q3 2N3904
2
1
GAIN 1 KPD R4 R7 1
R3 R6
54
Isolated Video Interface
HCPL-4562
55
Inverter Design Using
Gate Drive and Current Sense
Optocouplers
System Overview Isolated Gate Drive and simple isolation interface, Agilent
A typical motor drive and power IPM Interface provides Intelligent Power
control system shown in Figure 1 Many motor drive and power Module (IPM) interface
requires isolation between the control systems use pulse width optocouplers. All of Agilents gate
high voltage devices (IGBT/ modulation switching of power drive and IPM interface
MOSFET) and the low voltage devices to generate a three phase optocouplers meet stringent
devices (micro-controller). In variable voltage and variable industrial requirements with
addition to meeting the severe frequency power source. High critical performance:
requirements for the isolation performance motor drives require Minimum Common Mode
function, Agilent Technologies precision timing for turning on Rejection: 10 kV/s slew rate
optocouplers provide customized and turning off the power devices at 1,500 V peak transients
functionality such as direct gate on the inverter. The micro- Wide Operating Temperature
drive for IGBTs or power controller that controls the turn- Range: -40C to +85C
MOSFETs, and analog isolation on and turn-off of these power Over Current Protection and
for motor current sensing, voltage devices needs to be isolated from Fault Feedback (HCPL-316J)
sensing, speed measurement, and the high voltage inverter Safety Standards Certifications:
position measurement. side. Agilent Technologies offers UL, CSA, VDE
a variety of optocouplers that Fast Switching Speeds: 500 ns
have built-in gate drive capability. range (see detailed part
For solutions that require only a number specifications)
Wide Supply Voltage Range:
15 V to 30 V
+HV
U+ V+ W+
A
3- PHASE
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
SENSE GATE GATE GATE
DRIVE DRIVE DRIVE
C U- V- W-
B
CURRENT
SENSE
-HV
MICRO-
MOTOR SPEED, POSITION
CONTROLLER
Isolated Current and Common Mode Rejection including: the use of an internal
Voltage Sensing The detector shield in the or external output pull-up
Agilent Technologies provides optocoupler prevents CMR failure resistor, the position of the LED
several analog isolation amplifier due to capacitive coupling from current setting resistor, the
products for isolated precision the input side of the optocoupler, connection of the unused input
current and voltage sensing for through the package, to the package pins, and the value of
monitoring motor performance. detector IC. However, this shield the capacitor at the optocoupler
Agilent also offers a digital output does not eliminate the capacitive output (CL). The recommended
isolation amplifier for direct coupling between the LED and gate drive and IPM interface
connection to a micro-controller. the optocoupler output pins and application circuits for
Compared to Hall-Effect sensors, output ground as shown in Figure Agilent optocouplers have been
Agilents isolation amplifiers have 2. This capacitive coupling causes optimized to reduce the
excellent gain and offset perturbations in the LED current likelihood of CMR failure.
characteristics, especially very during common mode transients
low offset drift over a wide and becomes the major source of IPM Dead Time and
temperature range. In addition, CMR failures for a shielded Propagation Delay
they provide a compact, low-cost, optocoupler. The main design Specifications
and reliable solution for motor objective of a high CMR LED Many of Agilents gate drive and
drive designers that need to drive circuit becomes keeping the IPM interface optocouplers
accurately measure motor voltage LED in the proper state (on or include a Propagation Delay
and current. Some of the key off) during common mode Difference (PDD) specification
performance features include: transients. The recommended intended to help designers
12-bit linearity (HCPL-7860) application circuits for Agilents minimize dead time in their
over current detection (HCPL- gate drive applications can power inverter designs. Dead
788J) achieve 15 kV/s CMR while time is the time periods during
200 mV input range minimizing component which both the high and low side
-40C to +85C operating complexity. power transistors (Q1 and Q2) of
temperature range a power module are off. Any
15 kV/s isolation transient overlap in Q1 and Q2 conduction
immunity 1 8
will result in large currents
Safety Standards Certifications: 20 k flowing through the power
UL, CSA, VDE CLEDP devices between the high and low
2 CLED02 7
CLED01 voltage motor rails.
Analog Signal Isolation
for Speed and Position 3 6 To minimize dead time the
CLEDN designer must consider the
Measurement
Agilent Technologies offers a low propagation delay characteristics
cost, high accuracy, isolated
4 5 of the optocoupler as well as the
SHIELD
amplifier solution for the characteristics of the IGBT gate
measurement of speed and drive circuit. Considering only
position in a motor. With the use the delay characteristics of the
Figure 2. AC Equivalent for a Digital
of Agilent Technologies optocoupler (the characteristics
Optocoupler
HCNR201 and low cost of the IGBT gate drive circuit can
operational amplifiers, circuit Another cause of CMR failure for be analyzed in the same way) it is
designers have the flexibility of a shielded optocoupler is direct important to know the minimum
designing analog isolation coupling to the optocoupler and maximum turn-on (tPHL ) and
amplifiers that have low input output pins through CLED01 and turn-off (tPLH ) propagation delay
bias currents, high bandwidth, CLED02 in Figure 2. Many factors specifications, preferably over
stable gain, and very high influence the effect and the desired operating
linearity. magnitude of the direct coupling temperature range.
57
MOTOR CONTROL APPLICATIONS
The limiting case of zero dead The maximum dead time is also
time occurs when the input to Q1 equivalent to the difference
turns off at the same time that the between the maximum and
input to Q2 turns on. This case minimum propagation delay
determines the minimum delay difference specifications. The
between LED1 turn-off and LED2 maximum dead time (due to the
turn-on, which is related to the optocouplers) for the HCPL-4506
worst case optocoupler is 600 ns over an operating
propagation delay waveforms, as temperature range of -40C to
shown in Figure 3. A minimum +100C.
dead time of zero is achieved in
Figure 3 when the signal to
turn on LED2 is delayed by
(tPLH max - tPHL min ) from the LED1
turn off. Note that the
propagation delays used to
calculate PDD are taken at equal
temperatures since the
optocouplers under consideration
are typically mounted in close
proximity to each other.
(Specifically, tPLH max and ILED1
tPHLmin in the Figure 3 equations
are not the same as the tPLH max Q1 OFF
Q1 ON
and tPHL min, over the full VOUT1
VOUT2
operating temperature range, Q2 OFF
Q2 ON
specified in the data sheet.).
This delay is the maximum value
for the propagation delay ILED2
tPLH
difference specification that is MIN.
specified at 450 ns for the HCPL- tPLH
MAX.
4506 over an operating
PDD*
temperature range of -40C to MAX. tPHL
+100C. Delaying the LED signal MIN.
tPHL
by the maximum propagation MAX.
delay difference ensures that the
minimum dead time is zero, but it MAX.
DEAD TIME
does not tell a designer what the
MAXIMUM DEAD TIME (DUE TO OPTOCOUPLER)
maximum dead time will be. The
= (tPLH MAX. - tPLH MIN.) + (tPHL MAX. - tPHL MIN.)
maximum dead time occurs in the = (tPLH MAX. - tPHL MIN.) + (tPLH MIN. - tPHL MAX.)
highly unlikely case where one = PDD* MAX. - PDD* MIN.
optocoupler with the fastest tPLH PROPAGATION DELAY DIFFERENCE (PPD) MAX.
and another with the slowest tPHL = (tPLH - tPHL) MAX. = (tPLH MAX. - tPHL MIN.)
NOTE: THE PROPAGATION DELAYS USED TO CALCULATE THE
are in the same inverter leg. The PDD AND MAXIMUM DEAD TIME ARE TAKEN AT EQUAL TEMPERATURES.
maximum dead time in this case
becomes the sum of the spread in
Figure 3. Propagation Delay and Dead Time
the tPLH and tPHL propagation
delays as shown in Figure 3.
58
MOTOR CONTROL APPLICATIONS
15 nF
C1H
R1H
47K R2H
20
VCC2(H)
D1H
A14P
1,000 V
VDESAT(H)
HV+
HIGH GATE-DRIVE 1k DUAL IGBT
DDSH
C2H RDESATH
HCPL-316J RTONH C3H A14P
1 VIN+ VE
16 1.2 F 0.1 F 1,000 V
2 15 10
VIN VLED2+ N/C (20%)
3 14
VCC1 DESAT
4 13 DZLH
GND1 VCC2 VC(H)
5 12 18 V
RESET VC
6 11 VO(H)
FAULT VOUT M1 DFBHI
7 10
VLED1+ VEE RGH (DSE130-12A,
8 9
VLED1 VEE 12.5 IXYS)
RBIASDH
20K
VE(H)
AC
DZ2H C4H MOTOR
12 V 250 nF
VEE(H)
R1L 15nF
D2H 47K C1L
A14P R2L
1,000 V 20
LOW GATE-DRIVE
HCPL-316J 1K
1 16 DDSL
VIN+ VE RDESATL
2 15 HV DIODE
VIN VLED2+
3 14 (LOW GATE-DRIVE CIRCUIT IS
VCC1 DESAT
4 13 M2
GND1 VCC2 IDENTICAL TO HIGH DFBLO
5 12 RGL
RESET VC GATE-DRIVE CIRCUIT) (DSE130-12A,
6 11 12.5
FAULT VOUT IXYS)
7 10
VLED1+ VEE
8 9
VLED1 VEE
HV
59
MOTOR CONTROL APPLICATIONS
where VSATM2 is the saturation or Shunt Resistor Selection low cost applications. These
on voltage across the collector- for Current Sensing resistors are suitable for
emitter of IGBT M2; VF (D1H) is the The current-sensing shunt measuring current up to 28 Arms .
voltage across diode DD1H ; and resistor should have low See comparison table below.
HV+, HV- are the rail voltages. resistance to minimize power
dissipation, low inductance to Several four-terminal shunts
When M2 (low IGBT) switches off minimize di/dt induced voltage from Isotek suitable for sensing
and M1 (upper IGBT) switches spikes which could adversely currents in motor drives up to 71
on, VE(H) pulls up to HV+ -VSATM1. affect operation, and reasonable Arms (71 hp or 53 kW) are shown
This causes C4H to become tolerance to maintain overall in the comparison table below;
charged through D2H. Charge circuit accuracy. Choosing a the maximum current and motor
sharing between C1H and C4H particular value for the power range for each of the
results in the voltage across C4H shunt is usually a compromise PBV-series shunts are indicated.
which (in the absence of between minimizing power For shunt resistance from 50 mW
clamping diode DZ2H ) can be dissipation and maximizing down to 10 mW, the maximum
approximated by: accuracy. Smaller shunt current is limited by the input
resistance decrease power voltage range of the isolated
C4H VC4H = C1H 328 V dissipation, while larger shunt modulator. For the 5 mW and
VC4H = 19.6 V resistance can improve circuit 2 mW shunts, a heat sink may be
accuracy by utilizing the full input required due to the increased
where VC4H = the voltage drop range of the isolated modulator. power dissipation at higher
across C4H . The negative gate currents.
bias then is held at 12 V by Agilent Technologies
clamping Zener DZ2H. recommends Dale Electronics
two-terminal shunt resistors for
Low Cost Two Terminal Resistor Selection Guide (Supplier: Dale Electronics, Tel: 402-564-3131)
Shunt Resistor Shunt Price Tolerance Temp. Max. RMS Motor Power Range
Part Number Resistance Range Coefficient Current 120 Vac - 440 Vac
(m) (US$) (%) (ppm/C) (A) (hp) (kW)
LV-5.005 5 $0.40 - 1.00 1 <300 28.3 8 - 28 6 - 21
LVR-3.01 10 $0.38 - 0.76 1 <300 14.1 4 - 14 3 - 10
LVR-3.02 20 $0.38 - 0.76 1 <300 7 2-7 1.4 - 5
LVR-3.05 50 $0.38 - 0.76 1 <300 2.8 0.8 - 3 0.6 - 2
WSC-2.02* 20 $0.38 - 0.76 1 <300 7.1 2-7 1.4 - 5
* Surface Mount
High Performance Four-Terminal Shunt Resistor Selection Guide (Supplier: Isotek, Tel: 508-673-2900)
Shunt Resistor Shunt Unit Price Tolerance Temp. Max. RMS Motor Power Range
Part Number Resistance @ 2500 Qty. Coefficient Current 120 Vac - 440 Vac
(m) (US$) (%) (ppm/C) (A) (hp) (kW)
PBV-R050-0.5 50 $3.74 0.5 <30 3 0.8 - 3 0.6 - 2
PBV-R020-0.5 20 $3.74 0.5 <30 7 2-7 1.4 - 5
PBV-R010-0.5 10 $3.74 0.5 <30 14 4 - 14 3 - 10
PBV-R005-0.5 5 $4.09 0.5 <30 25 [28] 7-25 [8-28] 5-19 [6-21]
PBV-R002-0.5 2 $4.09 0.5 <30 39 [71] 11 - 39 8 - 29
[19 - 71] [14 - 53]
Note: Values in brackets are with a heatsink for the shunt.
60
MOTOR CONTROL APPLICATIONS
Isolated Integrated Gate Driver for IGBT/MOSFET
+5 V HCPL-3120
1 8 +HVDC
270 + Vcc*
0.1 F
Rg
2 7
CONTROL
INPUT Q1
A 3-PHASE
3 6
VEE* AC
+ OPTIONAL
74XXX
OPEN
4 5
COLLECTOR
Q2 HVDC
*RECOMMENDED SUPPLY VOLTAGES
SINGLE SUPPLY Vcc = +18V VEE = 0V
DUAL SUPPLY Vcc = +15V VEE = -5V
61
MOTOR CONTROL APPLICATIONS
Dual Channel Isolated Integrated Gate Driver for IGBT/MOSFET
+5 V
HCPL-314J FLOATING
SUPPLY
270 1 16 VCC = 18 V
+HVDC
CONTROL 0.1 F +
INPUT
2 15
Rg
74XXX
OPEN 3 14
COLLECTOR
GND 1
3-PHASE
+5 V AC
FLOATING
SUPPLY
270 6 11 VCC = 18 V
CONTROL 0.1 F +
INPUT
7 10
Rg
74XXX
OPEN 8 9
COLLECTOR
GND 1 HVDC
62
MOTOR CONTROL APPLICATIONS
Isolated Gate Drive for IGBT/MOSFET with Integrated
Desaturation Protection and Fault Feedback
VCC2
RESET 18 V
(INPUT)
DRIVE
HCPL-316J
SIGNAL 74ACT04 0.1 F
(INPUT) 1 16 20k
VIN+ VE VCC2
2 15 HV DIODE
VIN VLED2+ 0.1 F -5 V 1k
MICRO-CONTROLLER 3 14
VCC1 DESAT
4 13
VCC1 GND1 VCC2 RDESATH
5V 0.1 F 5 RESET VC
12
20k
3.3 k 6 11
FAULT VOUT
7 10
VLED1+ VEE 0.1 F RGATEH
300 pF 8 9
VLED1 VEE
DESAT
FAULT
(OUTPUT)
3-PHASE
OUTPUT
63
MOTOR CONTROL APPLICATIONS
Isolated Interface for Intelligent Power Module Gate Drive
HCPL-4506
HCPL-4506
HCPL-4506
1 8 VCC1 HCPL-4506
0.1 F HCPL-4506
20 K
ILED1 20 K
+5 V 2 7
+HV
310
VOUT1
3 6
CMOS
Q1
4 5 M
SHIELD
Q2
HCPL-4506
VCC2
1 8 HV
20 k 0.1 F 20 K
+5 V ILED2
2 7
310
3 6
VOUT2
CMOS IPM
4 5
SHIELD
HCPL-4506
64
MOTOR CONTROL APPLICATIONS
Low Cost Isolated Phase Current Sensing with Analog Output
HV+
150 pF
+SUPPLY
10.0 k
+5 V +15 V
78L05
+5 V 0.1 F
IN OUT
HCPL-7840
0.1 F
1 8 0.1 F
0.1 F 8
2 7 2.00 k 6
0.01 7
39 VOUT
F 3 6 5 + MC34082A
+ 4 5 2.00 k
M 4
0.1 F
RSENSE
150 pF 10.0 k
-15 V
HV
65
MOTOR CONTROL APPLICATIONS
Isolated A/D Converter for Phase Current Sensing
FLOATING
POSITIVE
SUPPLY +5V
HV+
GATE DRIVE
CIRCUIT
R1
CCLK VDD
D1 C1
0.1 F CLAT CHAN
5.1 V
R2 39 VDD1 VDD2 CDAT SCLK
VIN+ MCLK MCLK1 SDAT
66
MOTOR CONTROL APPLICATIONS
Low Cost Isolated Phase Current Sensing with Analog Output
and:Over Current Detection
HV +
FLOATING
GATE DRIVE POSITIVE
CIRCUIT SUPPLY
R4
C1
D1 0.1 F
5.1 V 5 HCPL-788J GND2 16
VDD1
C6
0.1 F
1 VIN+ VDD2 15 C
R2 C2 R3 4.7 k
39 0.1 F 2 FAULT 14
MOTOR VIN TO OTHER
+ R1 + PHASE
8 GND1 ABSVAL 13 OUTPUTS
RSENSE
7 VDD1 VOUT 12 A/D
3 CH VREF 11 VREF
4 CL VDD2 10 C8 C4 C7 C5
6 VLED+ GND2 9
GND
HV +
C5 = C7 = C8 = 470 pF
+5 V C4 = 0.1 F
67
MOTOR CONTROL APPLICATIONS
Isolated Inverter Rail Voltage Sensing using an Isolation Amplifier
HV+
150 pF
R1
+SUPPLY
10.0 k
+5 V +15 V
78L05
+5 V
IN OUT
HCPL-7840
0.1 F
1 8 0.1 F
0.1 F 8
2 7 2.00 k 6
0.1 7
39 VOUT
R2 F 3 6 5 +
MC34082A
4 5 2.00 k
4
0.1 F
HV 150 pF 10.0 k
-15 V
68
MOTOR CONTROL APPLICATIONS
Isolated Inverter Rail Voltage Sensing using a Linear Optocoupler
HV+ VCC
VI
U1 U3
R1 HCPL-4562 HCPL-4562
8 8
R3
2 2
R4 R5
6 6
VO
3 5 5 3
R2
HV
+ U2
ISOLATION
BARRIER
VO R2
C1
VI R1
69
MOTOR CONTROL APPLICATIONS
Low Cost Isolation Amplifier for Motor Speed
and Position Measurement
VCC2 +5 V
VCC1 +5 V
R5 R7
R2 10 k 470
+ LED 68 k
0-10 V R3
VOUT
10 k
R1 Q2 2N3904 Q4 2N3904
68 k
VIN Q1 2N3906 Q3 2N3906
M
R4 R6
10 10
PD1 PD2
HCNR200/1
A 4-20 mA
ISOLATION
BARRIER
70
Industrial Applications
2 DC+ 7 RL
UP TO
800 Vac
3 DC- VO 6 VOUT HCPL-3700/60 SCHEMATIC
1 AC VCC 8 3 5
4 AC GND 5
DC INPUT CONFIGURATION
HCPL-0708/HCPL-0738
HIGH VOLTAGE
DC SUPPLY
ISOLATION
BOUNDARY
72
Power Supply Applications
AC
RECTIFIER POWER OUTPUT
LOAD
SWITCH FILTER
MAINS
PWM
CONTROLLER
ISO-AMP WITH +
CNR200/1 GAIN SYSTEM
OPTOCOUPLER REFERENCE
POWER-OFF
AND
UNDER-VOLTAGE SENSE DIGITAL INTERRUPT MICRO-
OPTOCOUPLER PROCESSOR
HCPL-0708
D1 R3
C1 R4
5V R9 R13
+
CATHODE
SUS* R7
ANODE
D4
HCPL-2200
R1
D5 PWM CHIP
L
C8
AC L1
POWER
+
R10
C2 ISOLATED
N C6 C7
D2 DC
R2 HCPL-2200 OUTPUT
C3
R8 +
R12
5V R11
C4 R5
* SUS = SILICON UNILATERAL SWITCH
D3 R6
74
Optical Isolation in a DC/DC Converter
Isolation Boundary
DC Input Synchronous
Power Switch Rectifier/ Load
Output Filter
Digital Optocoupler
PWM Controller
HCPL-0708
Isolated
Bias Supply
75
Application Notes
http://www.agilent.com/view/optocouplers
They can also be obtained from your local Agilent Technologies' sales
office or authorized Agilent distributor.
Application Notes
AN 1004
Threshold Sensing for Industrial Control Systems with the
HCPL-3700 Interface Optocoupler
AN 1018
Designing with the HCPL-4100 and HCPL-4200 Current Loop
Optocouplers
AN 1023 (Pub. 3/85)
Radiation Immunity of Agilent Technologies Optocouplers
AN 1024 (Pub. 3/85)
Ring Detection with the HCPL-3700 Optocouplers
AN 1043 (Pub. 2/97)
Common-Mode Noise: Sources and Solutions
AN 1046 (Pub. 11/96)
Low On-Resistance Solid State Relays
AN 1059 (Pub. 2/93)
High CMR Isolation Amplifier for Current Sensing Applications
AN 1063 (Pub. 7/93)
A Designers Guide to HCPL-7600 Series, Low Input-Current,
High Speed Optocouplers
AN 1074 (Pub. 11/96)
Optocoupler Input-Output Endurance Voltage
AN 1078 (Pub. 11/96)
Designing with Agilent Technologies Isolation Amplifiers
AN 1087 (Pub. 11/96)
Thermal Data for Optocouplers
AN 1252
Variable Speed Drive Applications in the Consumer Market
AN 1253
Variable Speed Drive Applications in the High-power
Industrial:Market
Application Notes, continued
AN 1254
Variable Speed Drive Applications in the Low-power
Industrial:Market
AN 951-1
Applications for Low Input Current, High Gain Optocouplers
AN 951-2
Linear Applications of Optocouplers
SN 101
Overview of Agilent Technologies Optical Isolation Technology and Products for
Motor Control Applications
77
www.agilent.com/semiconductors
For product information and a complete list of
distributors, please go to our web site.
For technical assistance call:
Americas/Canada: +1 (800) 235-0312 or
(408) 654-8675
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Hong Kong: (+65) 6271 2451
India, Australia, New Zealand: (+65) 6271 2394
Japan: (+81 3) 3335-8152(Domestic/International), or
0120-61-1280(Domestic Only)
Korea: (+65) 6271 2194
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Taiwan: (+65) 6271 2654
Data subject to change.
Copyright 2002 Agilent Technologies, Inc.
Obsoletes 5968-4800E
June 7, 2002
5988-4082EN