Subjexct: Mathematics [GETIT FREE FROM WEBSITE Www.tekoclasses.com] Class: 1X CONTENTS Topi ‘Number System Polynomials Coordinate Geometry Linear Equation in two Variable Introduction of Euclid’s Geometry Lines and Angles Triangles Quadrilateral Area of parllelograms and triangle Circle 129-155 11. Constructions 156-164 12, Heron's Formala 165-172 13. Surface Area & Volume 1-181 14, Statistic 192-197 15. Probability 198-204 16. Proof In Mathematics 25-211 17, Mathematical Modeling 212-220 >>> NUMBER SYSTEM <<< (CLASSIFICATION OF NUMBERS () Natural numbers: Set ofall non-fractional number from 1 10 + =, N= {1,23 4p. (1) Whole numbers Set of numbers from 0 to + =, = (0.1234,.) (11) Integers : Set of all-non fractional numbers from = to + =,Lor Z= ( 3/2ADA2B ra (IV) Rational numbers: “These are eal numbers which can be expressed in the form of p/q, where p and q are integers and q # 0. 6.6. 2/3,37/15, 17/19, —Allnatural numbers, whole numbers and integers are rational, 4 Rational numbers include all Integers (without any decimal part toi), terminating fractions (fractions in which the decimal parts terminating e.g. 075, ~ 0.92 ete) and also non-terminating but recurring decimals © 8. 06664-2333. Fractions Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32.00 000 Page 1(a) Common fraction _: Fractions whose denominator is not 10, (b)Decimal fraction _: Fractions whose denominator is 10 or any power of 10. (9Paperacton = Namwrtor Deenintrie 3 {e) Mixed fraction Consists of integral as well as fractional partie. ae. (9 Cempoond acon Fraction whose marr and denominator temslen ar face i 23 Improper fraction can be written in the form of mixed fractions. . (©) lrational Numbers : All real number which are not rational are irational numbers, These are non-recurring as well as nom- terminating type of decimal numbers e.g. V2,A4,2+ V3,\2+05 AWS ete. (i) Real numbers : Number which can represent actual physical quantities in a meaningful way are known as real numbers, These can be represented on the number line, Number line in geometrical straight line with arbitrarily defined zero (origin). (oii) Prime number : All natural numbers that have one and itself only as their factors are called prime numbers i. prime numbers are exactly divisible by 1 and themselves. e.g. 235,7,1,1317,19,23..e. IEP is the set of prime number then P = (2357. (iif) Composite numbers: All natural number, which are not prime are composite numbers, If Cis the set of composite number then C= (689,102...) —_Lisneither primenor composite number. (Gx) Co-prime numbers: Ifthe H.CF. ofthe given numbers (not necessarily prime) is | then they are known as co-prime numbers. eg. 4, 9,are co-prime as HCE. of (4, 9)= & Any twvo.consecutive numbers will always be co-prime. (6) Even Numbers : All integers which are divisible by 2 are called even numbers, Even numbers are denoted by the expression 2n, where n is any integer So, if Bisa set even mumbers, then E® (ou -4,-2 0,2, pn (xi) Odd Numbers: Al integers which are not divisible by 2 are called odd numbers. Odd numbers are denoted by the general expression 2n-1 where nisany integer. If Oisa set of odd numbers, then O= {on 5,3,4,1,3, 5h (ati) Imaginary Numbers: All the numbers whose square is negative are called imaginary numbers. eg. 3, 4,4, twhere i= YT (iii) Complex Numbers : The combined form of real and imaginary numbers is known as complex numbers. tis denoted by Z= A +iB where A is eal part and Bis imaginary partof Zand A, Be R. % —Thesetof complex number isthe superset of all the sets of numbers. IDENTIFICATION PRIME NUMBER Step 1 : Find approximate square root of given number. Free www.tekoclasses.com Director : SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32 00 000 Page 2Step 2: Divide the given number by prime numbers les than approximate square root of number. I given ‘number isnot divisible by any ofthis prime number then the number is prime otherwise not Exd 571 isita prime? Sol. Approximate square root of 571 = 24 Prime number < 24 are 2,3,5,7, 11, 13,17, 19, & 23. But 571 isnot divisible by any ofthese prime numbers s0 571 isa prime number. Ex2__ Is prime or composite number? Sol. 1 isncither prime nor composite number . REPRESENTATIO FO RATIONAL NUMBER OF ARFALNUMBER TINE 6) 3/7Divide a unit into 7 equal parts ot atb atb<2b 2+} ties between a and b, 2 Hence 1st rational number between a and bis For next rational number +b arash Ex6 Sol. a ey Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32 00 000 Page 4Verity: $< 2 9 38 3a <4 <8 264 Method : Find n rational numbers between a and b (a W3-s3f => 342-26 = 5-246 =r Here, 5~ 2V6 isan irrational number but r’is a rational number LHS. + RHS Hence itcontradicts our assumption that V5~ yZ isa rational number {b) Irrational Number in Decimal Form: AF~1AU2 .. ie itis notrecuring as well asnon-terminatng 3 =1,752050807.... i. itis non-recurring as wells non-terminating, Insertanirational number between 2 and 3 WBS =V6 Find two irrational number between 2 and 2.5 ‘Ist Method : J2x25 = v5 Since there sno rational number whose square s 5. So VB is erational Also Y2x5 isa irrational number. 2nd Method :2.101001000100001... is between 2 and § and itis non-recurring as well as non-terminating, ‘Also, 2.201001000100001......and so on, Find two irrational number between Zand V3 1st Method: (JIn5 = WE VBA = DE 2nd Method : As V2 Irrational number between ¥2 and 46 414213562... and v3 732050808, As, ¥3> Zand VE has 4in the ist place of decimal while Y has 7s the Ist place of decimal and V3 1 7100100100001... 1.601001000100001....ete. are in between Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32 00 000 Page 6Beis Sol. Bld Sol. Beas, Sol. Ex6 Sol. Exa7 Find two irrational number between 0.12 and 0.13. (0.12010001000100001... 0.12101001000100001 et; Find two izrational number between 03030080003... and 03010010001, 0.302020020002.....0:302030030008... et, Find two rational number between 0.2323323302,... and 0.252552555255552, ‘st place is same 2. 2nd place is3 & 5, 3rd place is? in both, 4th place is 3 & 5. Leta number = 0.25, i falls between the two irrational number. ‘Also a number = 0.2525 an so on. (6) Irrational Number on a Number Line : Plot ¥2,V3,5V6 on a number line. Another Method for: (Plot V2AF So,0C= J2 andoD= V3 (i Plot BB TE oc= 5 op= Je one 7 (4) Properties of Irrational Number: () Negative ofan irational numbers an irrational number eg, —/3~45 are irrational (Gi) Sum and difference ofa rational and an irrational number is always an irrational number (Gi) Sum and difference of two irrational numbers is either rational or irrational number. (iv) Product ofa non-zero rational number with an irational numbers ether rational or irrational {o) Product of an irational with a irrational isnot always irrational Two number's are Zand VF, then Sum=2+ JB, isan irational number. Difference =2- J isan irrational number. Also Y3 -2 isan irrational number. Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32 00 000 Page 7Ex18_ Two number'sare4and YW, then Sum=4+ ¥, is an irrational number. Dilference = 4 ¥3, is an irrational number. x19 Two irrational numbers are V5,-V3, then Sum = /3+(-\3)=0 which is rational, Difference = V3 -(-/3)= 23, which is irrational, E20 Two rational numbers are2 + JF and2-V5, then Sum= (2+V3}+(2- v3} Two irrational numbers are J3+3my3-3 rational number Difference = ¥3 +3- 3 +3 =6, a rational number Ex.21 Two irrational numbers are V3 — v2,V3 +V2, then We x22 2isa rational numberand 3 is an irrational + V2 = 28 an rational 2x5 =2N8, an irrational, x23 Oarational and V3 an irrational 0x JB =0,a rational, Fea is an irrational Fx Fx26 Bxa7 Sx x28 Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32 00 000 Page 8Ps 2ayl pranks +443 anirrational number #42, itis nota irational number (i) BNF + WIS = 46) Instead Y=Z,VH3 are called Imaginary numbers. TE =i, where (yea (@) P=? xix (ay (© =P xR=Eayx(ayer (ii) Numbers of the type (a + ib) are called complex numbers where (a,b) €Reg.2+3i, 2+ 4i,-3i 114i are complex numbers, (GEOMETRICAL REPRESENTATION OF REAL NUMBERS To represent any real number of number line we follows the following steps STEP I: Obtain the positive real number x (say). STEP II: Drawa line and mark point A on it STEP III: Marka point B on the line such that AB = x units STEP IV : From poi STEP V :Find the mid - point of AC and mark the point as ©. STEP VI: Draw a circle with centre O and radius OC. -marka distance of 1 unit and mark the new pointas C. STEP VII: Draw a line perpendicular to AC passing through B and intersecting the semi circle at D. Length BD is equal to Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32 00 000 Page 910. 1. 2 Examine whether the following numbers are rational or irational i) (2-43) Gi) (V2+ 3 Git) (4 V2)—v2] i & b-WaP (i) W245) (iy G42 f3—V2) aS Represent VB on the number line Represent (2+3) on the number line Prove that (YZ +/5) is an irrational number. Prove that V7 is nota rational number. Prove that (2-3) isan irrational number. Multiply (2700S xifiaaw De x AbPE Express the following in the form of p/g 03 @ a) 05% (0 13 >>> NUMBER SYSTEM <«< SURDS (oF Any izatonal numberof the form 4 is given a special name surd, Where ‘ais called radicand, it should always be a rational number, Also the symbol” is called the radical sign and the index n is called order of the surd. Va is read as‘n® root a’ and can also be written as a® {@) Some Identical Surds () VF isa surd as radicand isa rational number Similar examples 45,412, 87.VT, () 248 isa surd (as surd + rational number will give a surd) Similar examples 341,43 +1, Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32 00 000 ge 10(ai) J7—4V3 isa surd as7- 43 isa perfect square of (2- V3) Similar examples 7 +43 ,¥ (i) JIB ecavse2+ J isnot perfect square (Gil) VIFF because radicand is an irrational number, LAWS OF SURDS @ Wap =v" eg AWAD =2 0) aT =F (i) Vaxdb = Sab [Here order should be same] eg. (A) V2x¥6 = Y2x6 = VID but, V3x46 # 3x6 [Because order is not same] ‘Ist make their order same and then you can multiply. i wa = ” {Important for changing order of surds] eg. VE" make its order6, then Ye" = Ye? = 6" eg. VE make its order 15, then YB = Je" = Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32 00 000 ge 11OPERATION OF SURDS Ex Ex2 x3 Hint: (a) Addition and Subtraction of Surds Addition and subtraction of surds are possible only when order and radicand are same ie only for surds, simpli (0) EVE +98 = 158 VF x6 + [Bring sur in simples form] 15V6 - 66 + 4V6 a5-6+4) V6 1 Ans, (i) SVBO+ VTA = SUTRA RD -1AVTD SYD +7 x22 - 14x32 =(B+U-2E 32 Ans. (ii) SY25O+7YI6- 1454 = STDS KD + 7YSRD—-14VD7 xD (2 +7 29/2 -14x3x92 (25+ 14-42) Gi a Ans. (b) Multiplication and Divi mn of Surds ) Vea VRRP an = TT () VERSA YT Simplify JP aR Weal? xlatatht = 92° ab" = Y2ab Ans. Free www.tekoclasses.com Director : SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) $2.00 000 Page 12or (oe eee _ Fed Divide v2 ve A = 28 Yao ~ gz00 5 Ans.. {(¢) Comparison of Surds: tis clear thatifx>y > Gand n> 1 isa positive integer then 9% > 9 Ex.S YA6 > 12,485 > Y25 and so on. Ex6 Which is greater is each of the following. (@ V6 and YE LCM, of 3 and 515, WIT = TTT > ~F V2 V3 Ex7 Arrange VEZAG and 45 fs ascending order Sol, LCM. of 2,3,4 812, Boe Boe WF TS As, 64816125, WS RT VS > WEVA Ex8 Which is greater (7 -V3)N7 + V3 W7 +3) Sol. yySy 5-14 (e+) eel Bat Now, we know that v7 > V5 and y3>1,add So, V7 43> v5.1 Free www.tekoclasses.com Director : SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) $2.00 000 Page 13eB So, VB-1>V7- RATIONALIZATION OF SURDS Exo Sol. i). (iit) tw) oy Sol. Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32 00 000 Rationalizing factor product of two surds is a rational number then each of them is called the rationalizing factor (RF) ofthe other, The process of converting a surd to a rational number by using an appropriate multipliers known as rationalization. Some examples: @ RFof vais va (. Jaxva =a), (i) RF. of Yais' fF. Vax¥a? = Ya? 4) (iil) REF. of Va +VBisva -VB & vice versa |. (Va +b |va—VB)=a-2] Gv) RE. ofa +B is a~VB & vice versa [> [a+ VB)a— W)RE.of Ya+¥b is (Fa APY. ae [- GaP + WGP ~a+b} which is rational (ei RE. of (la VB + Ve hs Va +B -ve)nala +b-c+ 25) Find the RG. (rationalizing factor) of the following, OW MH — GT WV WME wD wi 2H (wit 7-4VF oy VF42T GY TAT 14 T 0 w {-.JTD% x+3=25+(x-2)-10NK=0 25+ x-2-10 Ved -10Vx=2 10Ve-2 a=? 2 3-23 = 2 22 x-2 x26 [By squaring both sides] Ans. Ex2t Hint: Waevah 2434206 [By squaring both sides} +1-2x x-2x- oe x8 dye + 16 - 4x? + 16x 8x2 x40 =x + 1x + 16 -2 xt + 16x-8=0 vuuyduag Ans, EXPONENTS OF REAL NUMBER {a) Positive Integral Power: For any real number a and a positive integer’n’ we define av as xaxax xa (n times) a® is called then n® power of a. The real number ‘a’ is called the base and power ofa, eg. 2=2x2%2=8 NOTE : For any non-zero real number‘a’ we define a = 1. 13 eg. thus, 3°=1,5°, [=| =1and soon. ® Gd i called the exponent of the n'* Free www.tekoclasses.com Director : SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) $2.00 000 Page 19(b) Negative Integral Power For any non-zero real number‘a’ and a positive integer ‘n’ we define a” ‘Thus we have defined a* find all integral values of n, positive, zero or negative. a*is called the n'* power of RATIONAL EXPONENTS OR AREAL NUMBER {a) Principal of n'* Root of a Positive Real Numbers If a" is a positive real number and ‘n’ is a positive integer, then the principal n® root of a is the unique positive real number x such th The principal n® rot ofa poskive real number ais denoted by 2/08 Wa (0) Principal ofr Root ofa Negative Real Numbers: 18a" ia negative real number and‘ isan odd postive integer, then the principle nt rot of is define a ¢. the principal n® root of-a is negative of the principal n® root of | Remark: It ‘a’ is negative real number and ‘n’ is an even positive integer, then the principle n® root of a is not defined, because an even power of real number is always positive. Therefore (9)! is a meaningless quantity, ifwe confine ourselves to the set of real number, only {6) Rational Power (Exponents) Forany positive ral number‘ anda rational number 2 where q #0, we define aP/" = @P)/* ie ala a isthe principle qt root af a. LAWS OF RATIONAL EXPONETNS ‘The following laws hold the rational exponents (am xan= amt Giam=an 8) (amyrs ame Gy a (awn (ayers (29 6, am (9 (bys ool (vi ate = abe. nas Where a,b are positive real number and m,n are relational numbers. ILLUSTRATIONS Fx.22 Evaluate each of the following: ses Gates Gi PF Free www.tekoclasses.com Director : SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) $2.00 000 Page 20Sol. Using the laws of indices, we have () 5854 = 52 = 56 = 15625 a xa" =a (i Gi (8 23 =38 29 wo 1331 nv ny a) oy x23 Sol. Wehave coy pant faye ofa) Bt 1x16x5, Raxsixs a “pepe 5 = Ans. 386 Free www.tekoclasses.com Director : SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) $2.00 000 Page 21(ii) We have, Ans. Ans Et simplify (25)°/? x (243! 16x21 ~4x: OTT © Tea Sol. Wehave, oy 2M xaey> —_ Ge abrpes TT ~ GaP aiFP Prt ggh8 Ans gp Teamwear _ ahem 22" Tox Poa? BaF aRa get SS os aaa ges pe? am Fira Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32 00 000 ge 22e Free www.tekoclasses.com Director : SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) $2.00 000 Page 23ter OBJECTIVE DPP- 3.1 1. tse +8 andy= ws one 228 2 VF then (9) = (83) 6s) 69) 3 (B) -8¥: (© ov (D) -6v5 4 v4 ow 4 Oa Ve+4 » 3 5. Which one is greatestin the following we OB ow Oe 6 Thevalue of $2) wrys wine coun D)None 7, the value of + xy + yis (ye (e100 ou wo 2 1 3 8 Simplify: 2 +13 PGB BE B+ (an (0 ow ()100 9. Which of the following is smallest? (B) a ow (D) v3 Free www.tekoclasses.com Director : SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) $2.00 000 Page 2410 Theproductof J and 45 is (a) (WR (0% Oa 11. Theexponentil rom of (JExvDc is fayaine (Beye jm (se 12, Thevalue of x if 5+3, = 25, is wt 2 3 Ss 13. Wasa 1 (ayo OF 1 1“. (st cos ons 38. (Ax ® 2 or wx SUBJECTIVE DEP -32 1.__Arrange the following surds in ascending order of magnitude 0 NTE NF @ NEAT 2. Whishis greater V7 -or 3 Simplify 4 ifpand gare rational number and pq = 4% ind pana panda pV = S95 find pand g 5. Find thesimplest RF. of Oe (i) V6 ily 27° 6 Retionalise the denominator 3 0% tip Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32.00 000 Page 257. Retionalise the denominator and simplify «4 vz iy * i3+ 5u2 342N2, Vas + VI8 8 9, Find the vue ofa and b 7 sie 0 ne io 8, oom Ose 10. lfx= fat find the value of 4x? + 2x?- 8x +7. 5 s,1) atte 227 show that (+4 12. Show thata= x +1/x, where x 13, Prove ti 1". 1. 24-2 16. 164"3,b=4 hen find he values of gare fare ayy 17. Simply OP Fer 18. simpy hows? (w (ooo 9, SEBEL ACN" 1 en prove han mend Fo 7 20. Find the value of x if 5=82*3) Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32 00 000 9 26roo) (Objective DPP #1.1) owl? ]2)*]*]*]°* as | afte] c}s | o | c (Gubjecive DPF FIZ) 1. (@Nonterminating and repeating, {i) Non-teminating and non repeating Gp Non-terminatng and repeating (iv) Terminating 2 24223 BSD SS 3 ‘ 5 BBM Bw er ‘ ? (Objective DFP #22) al: [2[s,]«[sle°|7]s wef atetalafel{o|ec |e (Gubjective DPF FZ) 3. oxtororo0ro0mo0e1 4. iratonat Gi) rational 6 irational 10. 36AtB'C*TOS 37 5 ,4 wy 4 mu O13 wz ws Or «4 n Bb 30 Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) $2.00 000 Page 27(Objective DPP #3.1) Sicilia cps cemaaence as.| c¢[o | o | o | o (Gubjective DPP 732) 1 ATES) WE>NTOE 2 ST-V a ieee aE 5.042 GoW pes 6 Oh w ANB 7% 5-246 (a 745yE (i 2248 8. (8G) WE 9 a=9/2b Gy a-Bv-8 mw a ese 1 16. us (i289 a on ym we wo oa 1 Free www.tekoclasses.com Director : SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) $2.00 000 Page 28>>> POLYNOMIALS «<< 4 ats, where ajay, on, POLYNOMIALS An algebraic expression (f(x) of the form f(x) = are real ‘numbers and all the index of ‘x’ are non-negative integers is called a polynomials in x {a) Degree of the Polynomial Highest Index of x in algebraic expression is called the degree of the polynomial, here ay aX 8,22 ow A, are called the terms o the polynomial and 75. ay, 1 ay are called various coefficients of the polynomial polynomial in x is said to be in standard form when the terms are written either in increasing, order or decreasing order ofthe indices of x in various terms, {(b) Different Types of Polynomials Generally, we divide the polynomials in the following categories. (i) Based on degrees: There are four types of polynomials based on degrees. These are listed below Oy) ar Polynomials : A polynomials of degree one is called a linear polynomial. The general formda of tirwar polyoma is ax +b, where aand bare any real constant and # 0 (©) Quadratic Polynomials : A polynomial of degree tw is called a quadratic polynomial The general form ofa quadratic polynomial is ax?+ b+, wherea # 0 (©) Cubie Polynomials: A polynomial of degree three is called a cubic polynomial. The general form ofa cubic polynomial is ax’ + bx? + oc +d where a 0. (0) Biquadratic (or quadsic) Polynomials : A polynomial of degree four is called biquadratc (quadratic) polynomial. The general form ofa biquadratic polynomial is axt+ bx? tod +dx +e, wherea # 0 NOTE : A polynomial of degree five or more than five does not have any particular name. Such a polynomial usually called a polynomial of degree five or sx or. (Based on mumber of terms There are three types of polynomials based on number of terms. These areas follows (A) Monomial : A polynomial is said to be monomial if it has only one term. eg. x, 9x2, 5x all are ‘monomials (8) Binomial: A polynomial is said to be binomial ft contains wo terms eg. 2x?+ 3x, VIX Sx, e+ 3,all are binomials. Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32.00 000 Page 29(©) Trinomials: A polynomial is said to be a trinomial it if contains three terms. eg. 3x°-8 + VTx!° 88-382 5 -7x + 8X', are all rinomials Nor polynomial having four or more than four terms does not have particular Name, These are simply called polynomials. (iii) Zero degree polynomial : Any non-zero number (constant) is regarded as polynomial of degree zero or zero degree polynomial. ie. f(x) =a, where a # 0 isa zero degree polynomial, since we can cite) =aas (x)= ax (Gv) Zero polynomial: A polynomial whose al coefficient are zeros is called as zero polynomial i. (4) 0, we cannot determine the degree of zero polynomial ALGEBRAIC IDENTITY ‘An identity isan equality which is true forall values ofthe variables Some important identities are Wary (e-vP (ii) ab (v2 += (a+b) @-ab +b} (2-1 = @-b)@?+ab +b) (9 (@ + bY =a? +b?+ Sab (a +d) (wii (@-bP = 2-0 -3ab @-b) (wily a+ 2b? + bt = (a? + ab + 89 (@?-ab +B?) (a+ b+ 0) @ +b? +E-ad-be- ac) (x) at +b? +c - Babs Special case :ifa +b + c= 0 then a? +b? + 2'= Sabe, (a) Value Form: (ate bt (a+b -20b, ifa-+ band abare given (iat + B= (aby + 2ab ifa-bandabare given (il) a +b = fab 4a ifa-band ab are given (yab= (erbFoaab ifa+ band ab are given ita 1 ispiven ifa- 2 is given (il) at + b= (a+ b)?-Sab(a +b) if (a+b) and ab are given (ili) ab? = (ab) + 3ab(a -b) if (ab) and abare given Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) $2 00 000 ge 30Ext Sol. Fx2 Sol. if as is given is given (x) at +bF= (22+ b’)?- 2atb?= [a +b)? 2ab]?- 2a if (a+ b) and ab are given (xi) af -b*= (2+ B9 (a2) = [a F)?-2ablfa + b) (ab) (will) a+ b= (+ bY G2 +b) - a? +B) ILLUSTRATION Find the value of () 36x2 + 49y2+ Stxy, when x=3, y= 6 (i) 25 + 16y2- 4Oxy, when x= 6, y=7 (962 +497" +84xy = (6x? + Oy)? +2 6x) * Cy) = (6x4 7yF (63 +7 *6F[Whenx=3,y= 6) = as-+42 oy = 3600, Ans (i) 25x2 + 16y?- Hy = (Bx)? + ly)? -2% (BX) Cy) = Gx-4y? = (6 6-4" 7) [When x=6,y= = @0-28)° Ans. Cy ee henes ——— tAdding2onbotsidesor 0) 1) -6F > (x) ser = xe bes ans. Free www.tekoclasses.com Director : SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) $2.00 000 Page 31Ex3, Sol. Fx Sol. xs, Sol. Free www.tekoclasses.com Director : SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32 00 000 Prove thata?+ b? ab-be-ca= Zfa—bF (b-eF +(e a} Hore, LHS. = 2 [rate 2b?+ 22 2ab - be 2ea} 2 Fie? 220 +09 + @-2be+e) + (2-2 409] 1i(a-by+ b-0)+ (e- ay = Flla-by+ -9F +(-9)7 = RES Hence Proved Evaluate: @ aon? iy (ap (ii) 997° G07 = Go0+ 79 = (00/2 P+ 2*100%7 = 10900 +49 +1400 =149 Ans. Gi) 4? = (100-67 = (1002+ (7-2 100 6 = 10000 + 36-1200 = 8836 Ans. (i) @997 = 4-001? (P+ @onp-2«1 e001 = + 00001 -002 09801 Ans, NOTE: We may extend the formula for squaring a binomial tothe squaring of a trinomial as given below. (@+b+9? = f+ 0+0F (+ oF+2%axwr9 {Using the identity for the square of binomial] +b HAH DEH +E) [Using (+ ¢)* bi +c+2be +2ab +2ac [Using the distributive law] P+ e+ Doe} bit cit 2ab+2be + 2ac (at b+ op =a2+ b+ e+ 2ab + 2be+2ae Simplify : @x+4)?- (Ox -4)’, Wehave, (x4 4P-@x-AP = OR)? # P49 x BHA Be A= [H)*=()P-3 X34 x OAT = [27+ 64 + 36x Ox 4)]- [27 64-36x Gx 4] = [2792 + 64 +1083? + 14x] - [273° - 64 -108x? + 144], 2x3 + 64 + 108% ix - 2790 + 64 +1083? 1b =128 +2168 x4 4P-Gx-4)?= 1284216 Ans, ge 32Ex7 Sol. Ex8 Sol. Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32 00 000 Evaluate (2005)? (w 97)" ©) 1005)" = (2000 +5" (2000) + (+3 1000 « 5 « (1000 + 5) = 1000000000 + 125 + 15000 + (1000+ 5) = 1od0900000 + 125 + 15000000 + 75000 = 1015075125, Ans. @ — @97 = (2000-3 = (1000)°- (@)*=3 « 1000 x3 x (1000-3) = 1000900000 -27 9000» (2000-3) = 1900000000 -27 - 990000 + 27000 = 991026973 ‘Ans. Ifx- 2 =5, find the value of [Cubing both sides of (] ar > 3 x-— ]=125 ay) - 1 gegen [substituting (x - 1 asta > 1 125+15) = 140 ‘Ans. Find the following products of the following expression 0) (x + 3y) 62 1ay + 994) (i) Gx -2y) 5x2 + Oy + 4y3) @)— @x+3y) G6 a4y +999 = (be 5y) [4s)?- (48) « By) + By) = (+b) Ge-ad +b} [Where a= 4x, b= 3y] ath = (4x) Gy)= 64x! + 279° Ans. Gi) Gx=2y) QBx?+ IOwy + Ay) = Gx-2y) [G+ Gx) * 2y) + @y}4 = (a-b) (@+ab+b)) [Where a= 5x, 2b x yy" = 15x! -8y* ‘Ans, ge 33Peo Shemp bP bo Sol, Here (?-¥)+ 6-2) +(2-2?}=0 (208) + (6? ef 42-08) =a? bio? 2-2") Also, (a—b)+(b—c)+(e-a)=0 (0-8) +(b-0) +(e~a) = 3la—bio—cfe=a) _ Bla bla + bllb— eld re a= by Fea) _ Sla= bla + bltb— eld re a= b= = (a+ bib + cera) Ans. Given expression x40 Prove that: (x-y)!+ (y-2)°+ (@-x)"=3(x-y) (V-2) (2-%) Sol, Let (x-y) =a, (y-2)= band (z-x) =e Then, a+b+e=(x-y) + (y-2)+(2-x)=0 a+b += abe Or (x-y+ (2) + (2-x) = 3e-y)(y-2) (ex) Ans. Ex Find the value of @8)*- (78)' + 60)" Sol. Let a=28,b=-78,=50 Then, atb+e=28-78+50-0 a+b! += abe So, (28)°+ (78)°+ (60)? = 3 x28 x (78) x50 Exi2_ [a+b +e=9and ab +be+ ac = 26, find the value of a+ b* Babe. Sol. Wehaveatb+e=9 ..() > (@tbte?=s1 [On squaring both sides of ()] = att bit c+ 2ab+ be + ac) = 81 = a tbe +2 «26-81 [sab + be+ac=26] = a tbt+ = (81-52) = a ebtet=9, Now, we have B+ b'+e-3abe = fat b+e (et be+e-ab-be-ac) =(atbto [(@?+b?+2)-(ab+be+ a0) = 9% [@9-26)] = (9x3) =27 Ans, Free www.tekoclasses.com Director : SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32.00 000 Page 24Fx13 Sol. Bead Sol. (b) A Special Product: We have (x +a) (x +b) x(e+b)+a(e+b) set xb+ax tab =Ptbetaxtab — [exb=by] = tax tbx tab 22+ (a+b)x+ab Thus, we have the following identity (+a) (+b) =H2+ + bx tab. Find the following products (©) (#2) +3) (i +7) 2) G-)y+3) ) Y-71+3) ©) @x-3) @-5) (i) @x +4) Ox-5) Using the identity : (x + a) (+b) =x2+ (@+ b)x+ ab, wehave ©) (+2) +3)ex84QHa)xHDHS HSK HG ‘Ans. (3) +7) &-2)= (#7) G+ R)) 24 7x (We +7 (2) +5x-14 Ans. Gi) 4) 3) = + (A) FF (3) A+ (C4) + (ly + 4) x3) Dany +12 ‘Ans (I) O-DY I= EMG +9) = ytt (()#3)4 (2) "3 yiedy -21 ‘Ans () (@x-8) et 5) = -3) (y +5), where y=2x +a) +3) 24 ((3)+5]y +63) x5 +2y-15, xP +2 2x15 Nt ax Ans. (9) @x +4) x-5)= #4) -5), where y= 3x = 04) y+ (3) + (4+ (5))+4*(5) yi-y-20 = Gx)? 8x20 3x 20, Ans, Evaluate :(()35%37 (i) 108 «96 () 35% 97= (40-5) (40-3) @o+(3) 3) «40+ (5 x-3) Ans. Free www.tekoclasses.com Director : SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32.00 000 Page 35Gi) 10396 = (100 +3) [100 + (-4)] = 100? + @ + (4)) x 100+ @ *-4) = 10000 - 100-12 = 9888 Ans. FACTORS OF A POLYNOMIAL Ex16 Sol. Exa7 Sol. Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32 00 000 Ifa polynomial f(x) can be written as a product of two or more other polynomial fx), (8) 6). then cach of the polynomials f(x) f(x). is called a factor of polynomial f(x). The method of finding the factors of a polynomials is called factorsations (@) Factorisation by Making a Trinomial a Perfect Square : Slate + 64a"? 14da‘b¥e Slab?bc + 6hatb?- 1atb¥e = [Yabe}-2 [abelf8a°b] + [8a°? [Pabe-Satbf= a°b49e~ 8a")? Ans. (su-B) -{an-Bjros(erd-zalfaa- (o-2 Ans. (b) Factorisation by Using the Formula for the Difference of Two Squares : (+b) @-b) Factorise : 4Qa+3b-de-(a-4b+50)2 = 42a + 3b -4e)?- (a =4b +50)? = 2a + 3b-40)}2-(a-4b +507 = [da # 6b -8e# ab + Se] [4a + 6b -Se-a + 4b-Se} = [5a +2b-3c] [Se +10b-13e] Ans, ge 36Exa9 Sol. Ex.20 Sol. Be2t Sol. Ex22 Sol. Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32 00 000 Factorise : 4x? + bas Baaeoy! rr ont -a¢ey(2)-(2) -0oF -(+Z) -ovt Ans. Ans. Factorise sx + 2y2 + yt ae xt y= (P+ Doty + (YP ey? yoy = Ge 4 yay Ge Aoxy) Ans. (©) Factorisation by Using Formula of a* + b? and a°- b?: Factorise:64a% + 843ab2. boa + 3436" ablidat? + 7657 = ablda + 7b] (a? - (4a) (704) + 74/7 abjéat + 7b'][16a4-28atb* 496") Ans. (64a3% + 343ab = Factorise pig! + 3pige! +Spe + X -aire 4 Inabove question, If we take common then it may become in the form of? + bt Yai + 3plge + 3px X -gie Punts spa? rape ¥ g 9e 37Iptgbe + 3p%gh +3pqx + 1-9) Lipa)? + Stpax)?.1 + Spqx. (1)? + (1) Letpqx= A&I =B 2 [A +3058 1308+ Bg?) q Xtepae +1) @e)'l = ¥ [pax +1 -arlltpax +1)? + (pax +1) ar # (ar) 4 @ Epc 1-qripi +1 +2pqx+ pater gr qi] Ans x23 Factories: x?-6x? +32 2432-632 20484268 = [G+ 1+ 614-4] = (+ P20 +4] +6124 x]-4] +2) [x?-2x + 4+ 6(2-x)] = (e+2)fx2-2e +4412 - 6x) fc +2) fxt-8e +16] = (42) 60-4 Ams. Free www.tekoclasses.com Director : SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) $2.00 000 Page 38OBJECTIVE DPP-4.1 1. Theproduct of (x + a) (+b) is [AEH @HR)x bab B)e-@-b)xtab — Catt (a-byetab — Daz a-b)x-ab. 2. The value of150« 98 is (a) 10047 (8) 14800 (14700 (0) 10470 3 Theexpansion of (+ y-2)*is (ayn yt 22+ Day + 2yz + 2ex (8) x24 y2-22-2xy + yo +22x (Ope yt 2 + Day -2y2 2a (D) x24 y2o 2 2ay -2y2- Dex 4. Thevalue of (x+ 2y + 22)? + (x-2y -22)?is: (A) 20 + 8y2+ 827 (B)2x + 8y? +82? + Bxyz (©) 2x2 + By? 822-Byz (0) 2x2 + 8y2+ 822 + t6yz 5. The value of 25x2+ 16y?4 40 xy atx= Land y =-1is (ays 49 o1 (D) None of these 6. Onssimplifying (a + by! + (aby + 6afa?- b’) we get (a)sa* (8) 82% (80% (ss? 7. Find.the value of —* +b +¢ when a=-5,5=-6 ,¢=10. abt bes cana wt @4 ©2 m2 8. (ty +2) Tay tye tex aye al then value of? +? + 23is wa @1 2 M2 9. Inmethod of factorisation of an algebraic expression, Which ofthe following statement s false? (A) Taking outa common factor from two or more terms, (B) Taking out a common factor from a group of terms. (C) By using remainder theorem. (D) By using standard identities 10. Factors of (a+b) -(a-b)is: (A) 2ab(a? +b?) (8) aba? +b} (©) 2oGat +b) (D)3at +B 11, Degree of zero polynomial is (ayo 1 (©) Botho &1 (D) Not defined Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph.:(0755) 32.00 000 Page 39SUBJECTIVE DPP 4.2 Loo ate Fen then find the value of -4 2. Ifx=152,y =-91 find the value of 9x? + 30xy + 2592, 3 Evaluate (Ge ay? (ip (&x-5y" tuo (2x-4) 4. x+y =3and xy =-18, find the value of x+y" 5 Ext + 51 find the value of v5 & Evaluate (9) 257-758 + 50" 1. find theprodtt Hmrncen — eo geedeees) werio 8. Bate ()102* 106 (i) 994 « 1006 (i) 34 36 9. Factorise:Ax!+ (ay 10, Factorise:x2=1 fa-by? 11, Evaluate ar " B-cle=a) W-bKe=a) " a-BXo=a) 12, Write the following polynomials in sandra forms () adats Ext eT HA (i) m+ 8m + Amt + 6-32-11 13. Factoriso: (1) (#2) (x43) (x4) -3 1A, Factorise :6a?- 276" 144% + 10806 18. Factorise =x! + 2x'y -2xy*-y4 Free www.tekoclasses.com Director: SUHAG R. KARIVA (SRK Sit), Bhopal Ph. Gi) 02-03) + 0" :(0755) 32 00 000 Page 40