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Self-supported or supporting
structure is provided
Packed column
Packing Structured or random
Packing provides intimate contact between gas/vapor and liquid facilitating
mass transfer
Gas/vapor is the continuous phase
Liquid is the dispersed phase
Physical separation or reversible reactions Counter current
For systems with irreversible reactions Co-current
Low pressure drop device and can be used for vaccum operation. 4
Table 11.1
Mechanical data
Max operating pressure
Temperature
Deck, downcomer, packing materials
Valve, cap material
Corrosion allowance, mm
Deck thickness
Drain holes and location
Multipass flow
Fig. 11.7
Narrow rectangular troughs spaced across the tray to act as downcomers
10
Valves
Poppet type valves which are lifted by vapors and act as variable orifices
Permits effective mixing of vapor and liquid over wide range of loading
With domed or flat caps
Circular liftable caps
Caps with double lift systems
Flexi trays (Fig. 11.10 (a) and (b))
Ballast trays
Valves with flat caps or discs
Sieve plates
12
Distribution baffles
Tray drainage
13
15
Vapor feed
Located below the bottom tray
Introduced parallel to bottom downcomer (at a spacing of 500-600 mm)
Sparge pipe is also provided for a mixed vapor/liquid feed
16
18
19
Random
Raschig rings
Intallox saddles
Berl saddles
Pall rings
Structured
Sulzer Mellapack, Kerapack
Grid trays
Everpack (Sheet metal or wire mesh)
20
22
Hold-down plates
Top of the packing and restrain the bed under conditions of high gas rates
or fluctuating gas flows
23
25
27
Allowable deflection
Column deflection at the top is important when height to diameter ratio is high
Generally max deflection = (5 x column height in m) mm
Vibration analysis need to be done for columns with height more than 30 m or
with height to diameter ratio of 18 30
Total deflection Eq. 11.23
If total deflection is more than permissible then shell thickness has to be
increased.
29
Sectional trays
Floor plates cut from sheets, laid on supporting beam.
Clamping devices are used for fixing
Ability to cope with thermal expansion
Can have problem of leakage if joints are not satisfactorily made
31
34
Total stress is f1 + f2
35
Vertical supports
Load on vertical supports is total weight of trays, liquid and impact load
No of vertical bars are used
Using sufficient numbers of bars can help reduce the deflection to the
desired range
Round or hexagonal and made of carbon steel
Recommended sizes Table 11.6
37
38