Tutorial 1- WELLSIM INSTALLATION

1. Insert USB drive

2. Open PGE_WellSim_Training_2011
3. Open Installation
4. Run Vulcan Runtimes 3-3.exe
5. Accept defaults in wizard
6. Run Gradient_WellSim_4_6_10_28.exe
7. Run wellsim This program is not free
8. Press Enter Key
9. Open PGE_Registration.txt in notepad
10.Copy 1st line into name and 2nd into key
11.Press register
12.Alternatively press OK start wellsim. Menu Help About Wellsim
Registration Enter Name & Key here.

TAMPILAN AWAL WELLSIM

TAMPILAN SETELAH DIBUKA SAMPLE DATABASE

 NamaSum
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What Does WellSimDo ?

1. A steady state 2 phase flow wellbore simulator.

In reality it can be 4 phase : water, steam, gas, dissolve solids.
2. Wellsim can calculate downhole condition (temperature, pressure, enthalpy,
etc) from surface measurements.
3. Most important, wellsim can calculate the deliverability of a well (flow vs
WHP) from a single discharge test.

4. What if calculations
e.g how does flow change with a :
Bigger well ?
Effect of scaling?
Effect of deposition in reservoir?
Include effect of gas and solids.
5. Calibrate your well
Determine position and characteristic of feed zones in the well
See influence of heating from formation

Wellsim
1. Open well RK5 (click on it)
 Belumada data

Sudahada data

2. Load the metric unit set.

Tools Unit preferences sets (at bottom) select metric (once only on
new computer ).

3. Geometry
Detail table right click can select any unit generally not recommend
better to use Unit Preference as this changes units everywhere (graph, etc).
4. Feed Zones
Wellsim assumes that there is a feedzone at the bottom of the well (or
at the deepest depth of the simulation).
Feedzones module is used to enter secondary feedzones at shallower
depths.

5. Formation Temperature
Used to calculate heat flowing into or out of the formation from the
well.
Only important for low flows.
 6. Discharge Simulations.
Calculated by wellsim using wellhead data from a discharge test.

So we can use to calculate drawdown factor between reservoir

pressure and well pressure.

Pres P well
Drawdown Factor=
Mass Flow
7. Output Simulations.
Calculation of mass flow vs WHP from a discharge simulation.
Can also display feedzone parameters.

8. Injection Simulations.
Not yet implemented.

9. Measured discharge profile.

Used to enter measured temperature data collected from a discharging
well.
 Can compare with wellsim data to calibrate estimate gas/solids,
determine feedzones, etc.

10. Lower Bound analysis

Used to calculate the amount of gas or solids to match the measured
temperatures and pressures in a discharge well (only in 2 phase
section).

Note :Jikagrafik flashpoint pressure dan sat P mendekatilurusmaka matching

data baik

11. Measured Output Profiles.

 Used to compare with wellsim calculations.

12. Measured Injection Test.

Not yet implemented.
TUTORIAL 2 SETTING UP WELL
1. Creating a new well
a. Click on New
b. Enter my well

c. Enter description, elevation, etc (elevation not currently used to convert

absolute & gauge pressures).

2. Entering a geometry.
a. Click on geometry configuration
b. Right click in header pane, select New
c. Enter
 d. Check Angle will be calculated
In Message box at bottom of screen Blank Angle. This will be
calculated on Apply
I = information, E = error
Double click on I or E jumps to record
e. Apply applies any calculations.
f. Save does check, then apply if no errors, saves to database.

3. Jump to entering a measured discharge profile.

Go to page 7 of 8 & p.8
Enter data shown manually into measured discharge profile.
 Click on measured discharge profile.
Right click in header New
Type in header and detail data.

4. Discharge Simulation.
MYWELL Discharge simulations New
Use this data :
Geometry 1
Feed zone None
Formation None
Direction Top Down
Correlation Wellsim
Mass flow rate (t/hr) 100
Fluid type segitigakebalikTwo-phase
Pressure (barg) WHP 65, checklist
Temperature : -
Enthalpy (kj/kg) 1500, checklist
Dryness : -
Equation of state Complex.
Simple Uses known thermodynamic
Complex Uses empirical observations by unocal
Better, if flow contains gases and/or solids
Results should be same if no gas or solids
CO2 (ppm) 5000 (estimated from other wells)
NaCl (ppm) 0 not much influence by solids
Start depth = 0
Depth type = Measured
Finish depth = 2520m assumes that feed zone is at this depth
Depth Increment = 25 m
Feed zone depth is determined by temperature curves and/or spinner runs.
If feedzone was at 2400 m, then finish depth must be 2400 m.
Then click Preprocess check if sufficient data.
Run calculates downhole parameters.
Note :Enthalpy loss from the bottom to the top due to steam friction. Energy
loss.

Match

In window above graph select measured profile check enabled

 Note :Reasonable match to 1300 m, then big difference.Dimatch data P dan
T, ygmerah temp actual.

5. Output Simulations.
Try generating an output test, eventhough the wellsim and measured
discharge data do not match very well.
Output Simulations New.
Description :Using single feed zone discharge simulation.
Type :Top Down
Calcdrawdown :check
Discharge simulation 1 :1 (note that discharge simulation MUST have a
description)
Discharge simulation (quadratic) dipakeklokitapnylebihdari 1 flow rate.
Min mass flow :10
Max mass flow :300
No of mass flows :30
Drawdown relation : LINEAR
Constant parameter :ENTHALPY
Linear drawdown factor :will be calculated
Quad not relevant here
Steamnot relevant here
Exp not relevant here
Reservoir pressure :200 barg
Repeat for
Min mass flow = 10
Max mass flow = 600
No of mass flows = 60
Solution did not converge error
Graph shows that the maximum output = equal 510 t/hr at 13 barg WHP.

Save save to database

Note :Klomau ubah2 bentukgraphnyaklik graph graph setting.

 Improving the Match
Measured and wellsim discharge profiles do not match very well below 1300
m.
Spinner test suggest that there is a secondary feed zone at 1300 m.
Enthalpy seems to be about 1835 kj/kg (from a shallow well drilled into
this zone)
Reservoir pressure 120 barg.
Drawdown factor 15 bar/ (kg/s) from shallow well.

6. Feedzones.
Feedzonesconfiguration :New.
Description :shallow feed.
Index :1
Feedzonetype :L
L = linear, M = Mass flow, Q = Qadratic drawdown, S = Steam
Then Save.

Lanjutandari discharge output

Now Go to discharge simulations Highlight # 1

Right click copy

Highlight # 2 edit description : 100 t/hr with secondary feed

Feed zone index : 1 : shallow feed

Run New data

Skrgerornyatinggal 1.692 %
 Now compare with measured profile much better much.

TASK 1
Task : by trial and error

Change drawdown factor of secondary feed to get better match.

Return to feed zone, change drawdown factor 1.5 to 1.6 bar/(kg/s).
Discharge simulation better pressure match but worse temperature
match.
Now try with 1.4 better match below flash point but not so good
above
 Can use wellsim to determine secondary feedzone properties by trial
and error.

7. Lower Bound analysis.

Used to estimate likely gas and /or solids concentration in the discharging
fluid.
Uses measured discharging profiles as input data.

At lower bound analysis highlight # 1 Edit

Mass flow rate :100 t/hr

Run type :Enthalpy Pure

(this calculates either the gas concentration or the solids concentration

required to produce the measured temperatures or pressure).

If you know the solids concentration, then use temperature-NaCl , enter the
NaCl concentration and wellsim will calculate the CO2.

Flash point temperature (required) = 318 C ,obtained from flowing

discharge profile

Flash point depth (required) =1310 m ,obtained from flowing

discharge profile

Then Run.

Saturation pressure = saturation pressure of pure water at measured

temperature (2 phase only).
 CO2 partial pressure = pressure required to increase saturation pressure to
measured pressure.

Measured Pressure=Saturation Pressure+CO 2 Pressure (of pure water )

From CO2 partial pressure, wellsim calculates the CO2 concentration 7000
ppm.

Flash point pressure = pressure at flash point calculated from measured P &
T.

Flash point sat P = pressure at Flash point calculated from saturation

pressure (e.g pure water)

Flash point PC = Flash point pressure - Flash point sat P

If these are constant with depth, measured data is likely to be of good quality.

TASK 2
Go back to measured Discharge Profiles Change temperature at 503 m from
292 C to 293 C Save.

Then go back to lower bound analysis Edit Run

CO2 much more constant down well. Very sensitive technique 1 C change in data
gives large change in predicted CO2 required.
Now, repeat discharge simulation with CO2 = 7000 ppm.

Discharge simulations highlight secondary feed

Edit

CO2 = 6000 ppm

Select measured profile = 100 t/hr

Run better match

Save.

Create a new output test using the discharge simulation with the feed zone.

Output simulations copy

Highlight copy edit

Description = Using discharge with secondary feed

Discharge simulation = 2: 100t/hr sec feed

Run

Save.
Note :Solution didnt converge : lajualirnyagamencapai 600 t/hr,
hampirrrrmencapaicyinn.

Compare output tests graphically

Select output tests by clicking in left column of header or double click.

Press graph on toolbar to display Multiple graph.

Larger output predicted using discharge simulation with secondary feedzone.

TASK 3
Create a graph that shows the flow from secondary feedzone.

Hint : Go to discharge simulations node

Discharge simulations #2
Menu graph quick graph settings
Dependent axis 1 Mass flow
Autoscale axis uncheck
Minimum = 0
Maximum = 120
Note :

Bottom feed 82 t/hr

Secondary feed 18 t/hr

100 t/hr

Dependent axis 2 Mass ratio Dryness

Compare pressure and Temperature of the two discharge simulations
 Discharge simulation tag each simulation

Legend control fields shown in legend and position of legend (saved to

preference).

Series to turn individual series on and off (not saved to preference).

 Copy can copy graph to another document or save to a file.

Export export data to file or clipboard.

 Import import data from external file to multiple graph (settings saved).
 Transform

TASK 4

Make a graph showing mass flow, steam flow and brine flow.

Hint : Steam flow = mass x dryness

Brine flow = mass flow steam flow

Transform 1

Type = Arithmetic

Transform = multiply fields

Field = mass flow rate

Product field = fluid dryness

Result field = new (by field name)

Unit type subset = mass flow

Field = steam flow

Note :sekarangjadiada steam flow-nya.

Transform 2

Type = Arithmetic

Transform = substract fields

Field = mass flow rate

Subtract field = steam flow

Result field = new

Unit type subset = mass flow

 Field = wellhead brine flow rate

Tools in multiple graph to manipulate data for presentation.

No transform settings are saved to preferences.

Settings

All settings are saved to preferences for each node.

Schema

Controls colors, symbols and linetypes.

Can rotate each of these by series or by data set or field name.

-schema schema rulepick schema that you like

- saved to preferences
 Editor

Control all aspects of data presentation in detail, but settings are NOT saved.
Make editor changes last.

Order

Change order of columns in work sheet also this saves current widths of
column.

Column widths are saved only if you click on order or right click and select
save order and widths.

Group

Used to join series or split series.

e.g if you group on wellname only, all data from that well will be treated as a
single dataset.
What-if Calculations
1. Reservoir Pressure Drawdown
TASK 5
Generate output simulations for reservoir pressures of 180, 160, 140 bara.
And compare with current output (use discharge simulation with secondary
field).
Hint : Copy the existing output simulation, change description and reservoir
pressure and run.
Results :
At 180 bara reservoir pressure, feedzone pressure reservoir pressure.
Go to discharge simulations,
highlight #2 : secondary feed
scroll to bottom of detail table
feedzone pressure = 195.8 bara
thus well will not flow if reservoir drawdown 4 bar.

Repeat output simulation using 199barg, 198 barg, 197 barg.

Lower reservoir pressure, lower drawdown factor.

Pres Pwell
Drawdown Factor=
Flow Rate

Drawdown factor = (Reservoir Pressure well Pressure)/ Flow Rate.

 Lower drawdown factor higher flow rate.

2. Effect of larger well

a. Discharge simulation with standard well
b. Find pressure and enthalpy at bottom of well
c. Run bottom up simulation using previous bottomhole parameters and
larger well.

Larger well spesifications :

- 0-870 m 13 3/8 54.5 lb/ft casing

- 870-2520 m 9 5/8 29.7 lb/ft liner

. Enter larger geometry.

. Find downhole P & enthalpy for discharge simulation with secondary feed

Pres = 194.81 barg

E = 1453.2 kj/kg

F = 81.84 t/hr

. Run bottom up

a. Copy top down

b. Edit
c. Description = 100 t/hr bottom up larger well
d. Direction = bottom up, geometry = #2 larger well
e. P,E,F as above
f. Run
g. Save
Now compare the two discharge simulations

Wells with secondary feeds and gas are difficult to manage.

Run an output simulation using this bottom up simulation.

Note :Larger well memiliki flow rate yglebihbesardaripadaygtdk.