Kien 1

Kimberly Kien

Mrs. Jizi

UWRT 1104-017

27 March 2017

Annotated Bibliography

Sikora, Renata. "Risk behaviors at late childhood and early adolescence as predictors of

depression symptoms" Current Problems of Psychiatry, 17.3 (2016): 173-177. Retrieved

29 Mar. 2017, from doi:10.1515/cpp-2016-0018

This journal entry was an experiment looking to see if there were any risk

behaviors that may affect the psychological and social well-being of young adolescents

early on to predict future depression. Examples of those risk behaviors are drinking,

sexual activity, smoking, partying, drugs, and violence. The study looks at results

between genders and age of the adolescents and if there are any correlation between risk

factor and depression. Later on, the study included more factors to measure including

whether it was a one parent household or two parent household. The results were

significantly different. The author concluded that early adolescence risk behaviors tend to

be gender specific with boys tending to drink more and girls succumbing to peer pressure

more. It was also found that boys living with one parent showed significantly more risk

behaviors than those living with two parents. From this study, it concludes that even the

smallest risk behaviors have a connection to depression in adolescents.

 Kien 2

I wasnt very surprised by the results of these studies because I see a rational

behind the results between boys and girls and their age and condition. The results make

sense to me because I have exhibited some of those risk behaviors when I was in high

school and it correlated to my depression. My inquiry topic is trying to find ways to

educate parents and friends of someone who is depressed so they will have the resources

to show support for their loved ones who need it. In the study, it was mentioned that

children are more active in this field than their caregivers expect. The field, being risky

behaviors they participate in. It shows that caregivers most of the time, do not notice the

child is exhibiting risky behaviors that could correspond with depression until it is too

late to notice. I plan to use information from these studies as proof for parents and friends

to see and pay more attention to risk behaviors in their loved ones so that they can take

immediate steps to help them battle depression and becoming more understanding of the

disease.

This is a credible source because it is a lab report with formal results and

conclusions of the study. I was able to find it in the librarys academic search database

and on Google under scholarly articles. The website to the article provided citations that

you can cite with. The date that the article was published was last year and the more

recent an article is, the more that the topic is being discussed and related to the present

time. The author is Renata Sikora and she has a PhD in Clinical and Developmental

Psychology in Poland.

Sharma, Mandeep, Novrattan Sharma, and Amrita Yadava. "Parental Styles and Depression

among Adolescents." Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology 37 (2011):

60-68. Web. 4 Apr. 2017.

 Kien 3

The journal article discusses a study done on two hundred people to see what type of

parenting styles had negative effects on depression. A hundred teenagers aged fourteen

through sixteen along with one of their parents each were surveyed. The study measures

using high or low types of parenting styles with high parenting styles to be positive

numbers and low parenting styles to be negative numbers. Results show that

Authoritarian parenting styles had a positive effect on depression and that the Permissive

parenting style had a negative effect on depression for adolescents. This means that

parents who have a high level of authoritarian style have children that have higher

depression than those who have low authoritarian style. Parents who have low permissive

style have children with more depression than those with high permissive style. Parents

with Authoritarian parenting styles exhibit strict rules for which their child are to follow

without any questions asked. They have high expectations and exhibit complete control

over the child. They instill values into their children to shape them into an acceptable

person of society. Parents who have Permissive parenting styles allow the child to do

anything they want and have very little control over their children. They allow their

children to be more free and have very low expectations or standards for their children.

The results made sense to me because there has to be a middle ground for where

parents are effectively able to disciple their child. If there are too much or too little

freedom for the children, then they are more likely to be rebellious and get them into

situations that may harm them like drinking and hanging around the wrong crowd. From

what I have noticed between myself and my friends who have depression, I see a

correlation of parenting styles being one of the factors to their depression. Parents may

not be aware that their parenting styles are part of what makes their child depressed
 Kien 4

because they may think that theyre doing what is best for them. To increase awareness

among parents, they would have to know if their parenting style is a factor in their childs

depression.

The source is credible because Novrattan Sharma is a professor at M.D University

in Rohtak. He has an M.A in Psychology and a PhD. He published ten books and 132 of

his papers were published in journals and books. Amrita Yadava also works at M.D

University in Rohtak in the field of psychology. The article was published in a Journal of

the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology.

Teen Depression Warning Signs. Perf. Dr. Jennifer Hartstein and Erica Hill. Teen Depression

Warning Signs. YouTube, 26 July 2010. Web. 4 Apr. 2017.

The video talks about signs that a teenager is thinking about suicide. Theres a

stigma going around that people are putting depression off to the side by saying that its

just a phase. Dr. Hartstein mentioned small changes in personality can tell others that they

are depressed. Signs for when a teenager is going to commit suicide includes telling their

loved ones goodbye or threatening that something will be better off when they are gone.

She tells parents to look out for gender differences within depression because girls

attempt suicide more than boys but boys actually commit suicide more often than girls.

Parents are warned to be cautious of anything that their teenage boys may possess.

This video relates to my inquiry because not only does it talk about depression

warning signs in teenagers, but it also talks about suicide warning signs to look for in

teenagers. Its important for parents and close friends to know if their loved ones are

going through depression but its also more important to know if their loved ones are
 Kien 5

about to commit suicide. My goal is to raise awareness of depression in teens and that

also includes every aspect of depression, including suicide.

This video is credible because the speaker is Dr. Jennifer Hartstein and she is an

adolescent psychologist in New York and a professor in a university in Brox. She has

published works and presented on teen issues. She also has a doctorate degree in School-

Child Clinical Psychology and has worked in a medical center before in the psychiatry

department.

"Depression In Teens." Mental Health America. N.p., 08 Dec. 2016. Web. 8 Apr. 2017.

This article mentions of ways to help a loved one deal with depression and what

parents and close friends can do to help them. It mentions pressures that teenagers go

through that may cause them to be depressed. The article also mentions that parents

should listen to their child if they are talking about suicide because that is a danger sign

that their child may actually do something. The article lists signs that a teenager is

depressed including a drop in their grades, lack of energy, and withdrawal from their

friends. It also lists some types of therapy that you can get for your child.

I like this article because it shows parents and close friends warning signs of

depression and suicide in easy to read form. It relates to my inquiry because I want

parents and close friends to know of what to look out for in a depressed teenager so they

can be able to help them and support them through it. What had stood out to me the most

was when the article stated to have parents pay attention and listen to their children

because the problem children have with their parents is that the parent does not listen to

their feelings.
 Kien 6

The organization is called Mental Health America that is a non-profit organization

that is committed to creating awareness about issues in Americans mental health. They

offer prevention services for patients. The CEO of the company, Paul Gionfriddo, has

worked in many areas of the mental health field for over 30 years. Hes written essays

that have been published to become popular even among newspapers and have also

published books about mental health.

Walker, Joyce. "Adolescent Stress and Depression." Extension. The University of Minnesota,

2005. Web. 8 Apr. 2017.

The article talks about how stress is a factor in teenage depression. It can be

pressure to do better in school or the teenager is going through a rough moment in life

that can cause stress like a breakup or having arguments with family or peers. It also

mentions that its not just environmental factors that can cause depression but it can also

be a genetic disposition. Any family member who have had a history of alcohol abuse or

depression or any type of substance abuse can have their genes passed down to the child.

This would put them at an increased risk of developing depression. The article stresses

the importance of adolescents to practice coping skills and to practice communication

skills by listening to each other. It also stresses the importance of learning how to

problem solve so that there would be less stress for the depressed teenager.

I agree with this article because some parents and close friends may not know the

amount of stress that one may be going through to make them depressed. It can be caused

by a life change such as moving or a serious injury or it can be caused by personal or

parental expectations that they couldnt meet and the pressure would cause them to be

depressed. The article also mentions how depression can just also be genetic and this
 Kien 7

would show parents that it doesnt have to be an environmental factor or that its just a

phase for a teenager. It can allow the parents to open their eyes more and see beyond if

there is a someone in the family who have had depression or a substance abuse problem.

The writer is Joyce Walker. She has worked as a teacher at a high school and have

worked at the University of Minnesota. She has done work with the community that

focuses on meeting the developmental needs of young people. She has a PhD in

curriculum and adult education, an MA in English Literature, and a BA in political

science. She also published many other works.