5 EXERCISES ON ELECTRIC MOTORS

9 Assembling a (cumulative-differential) compound direct-

current motor; no-load running

OBJECTIVE
Understanding the construction of a direct-current motor, identifying
its main components, assembling it, carrying out the electrical
connections of its armature and (compound) exciting circuits, and
checking its no-load running.

NECESSARY EQUIPMENT
Power supply unit with measuring instruments mod. KMEC-PS/EV;
Direct-current motor (refer to fig. 2 of page 6) including:
Direct-current stator SDC;
Direct-current rotor RDC;
Pair of brush holders for slip ring DCB;
Supports for rotors RS;
Supporting base B;
Small items;
Set of leads with safety plugs ( 4 mm).
Recommended equipment:
Portable (contact/optical) speedometer.

CONSIDERATIONS

This type of machine must be provided with two separate excitation

windings: the main (shunt) winding which creates the necessary
magnetic field for the correct operation of the machine, and the other
winding which is connected in series with the armature so that the
magnetic field (flux) can be weakened/strengthened leading to an
increase/reduction of RPM.
That can be explained by the fact that the RPM of a DC motor will be
reduced as the load increases, so that the excitation winding which
must be connected with the armature can be constructed so that the
RPM can sufficiently be stabilized.
What stated above is expressed by the following formula:

  
n=

where:
Varm = voltage applied to the armature;
Iarm = armature current;
Rarm = armature resistance;
Ke = construction constant of the motor;
 WRWDOPDJQHWLFIOX[
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5 EXERCISES ON ELECTRIC MOTORS

PREPARING THE EXERCISE: cumulative compound DC motor

x Assemble the motor carrying out the operations explained at

x
chapter 2a.
Considering that the cumulative compound direct-current motor
runs in no-load condition, carry out the electrical connections as
shown in the wiring diagram of fig. 9.1a or in the lay-out of fig.
9.2a.

Fig. 9.1a Wiring diagram of the connection of a cumulative compound direct-current motor

Note: while the motor is running, short-circuit the series field temporarily, check on a
revolution counter whether the motor reduces the RPM: if this is the case, the
connection is of cumulative type.
Rated values of the motor (in no-load condition)

V armature I armature V excitation I excitation RPM

42 7,2 42 0.40 3000

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 5 EXERCISES ON ELECTRIC MOTORS

Note: use the safety protections.

Fig. 9.2a - Lay-out of the connections for the cumulative compound direct-current motor running in no-load condition
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5 EXERCISES ON ELECTRIC MOTORS

MODE OF OPERATION

x Power the field winding, then turn the rotary selector of the DC

x
FIXED LINE 42 V to position 1.
Adjust the resistance of the field rheostat to obtain an excitation

x
current of approximately 0.45 A.
Power the armature winding, then turn the rotary selector of the

x
DC VARIABLE LINE 0...48 V to position 1.
Starting from zero, increase the armature voltage (follow the
values indicated in table 9a), at the same time measure the motor

x
RPM with a speedometer.
Write down the values of voltages and currents measured by the

x
DC multimeters 1 and 2, on a table.
Defluxing the motor will lead to increase its RPM; that can be
verified with the following operations: adjust the speed at
approximately 2215 RPM, then increase the resistance of the field
rheostat and at last reduce the excitation current: the result will be
an increase of RPM.
Reduce the armature voltage down to 30 Vdc (2215 RPM), then
turn the knob of the field rheostat in counter-clockwise direction
so that resistance will increase; at the same time make sure that

x
speed increases (follow the values indicated in table 9a).
Stop the motor by reducing the armature voltage down to 0; then
turn the rotary selector of the DC VARIABLE LINE 0...48 V to
position 0, at last turn the rotary selector of the DC FIXED LINE
42 V to position 0.

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 5 EXERCISES ON ELECTRIC MOTORS

V I V I P Rotational
Armature Armature Excitation Excitation speed
Condition DC DC DC DC Comment
multimeter multimeter multimeter multimeter
1 1 2 2
[V] [A] [V] [A] [W] [RPM]

Blank table for inserting the data

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 5 EXERCISES ON ELECTRIC MOTORS

RESULTS OF THE MEASUREMENTS

V I V I P Rotational
Armature Armature Excitation Excitation speed
Condition DC DC DC DC Comment
multimeter 1 multimeter 1 multimeter 2 multimeter 2

[V] [A] [V] [A] [W] [RPM]

Start
0 0 45 0.45 20.25 0

Acceleration
15 0.69 45 0.45 30.60 1050

Acceleration
20 0.74 45 0.45 35.05 1430
Fixed
excitation
Acceleration
25 0.78 45 0.45 39.75 1810 voltage,
motor RPM
will increase
Acceleration together with
30 0.81 45 0.45 44.55 2175
armature
voltage.
Acceleration
35 0.83 45 0.45 49.30 2560

Acceleration
40 0.84 45 0.45 53.85 2940

Fixed
Defluxing armature
30 0.85 45 0.35 41.25 2493
voltage,
motor RPM
will increase
when
Defluxing
30 0.91 45 0.31 41.25 2666 excitation
current is
reduced.

Table 9a - Measurements carried out on a cumulative compound direct-current motor

running in no-load condition.

P= sum of the active power measured by DC multimeters 1 and 2.

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 5 EXERCISES ON ELECTRIC MOTORS

PREPARING THE EXERCISE: differential compound direct-current motor

x Assemble the motor carrying out the operations explained at

x
chapter 2a.
Considering that the differential compound direct-current motor
runs in no-load condition, carry out the electrical connections as
shown in the wiring diagram of fig. 9.1b or in the lay-out of fig
9.2b.

Fig. 9.1b - Wiring diagram of the connection of a differential compound direct-current motor

Note: while the motor is running, short-circuit the series field temporarily, check on a
revolution counter whether the motor increases the RPM: if this is the case, the
connection is of differential type.
Rated values of the motor (in no-load condition)

V armature I armature V excitation I excitation RPM

42 7.2 42 0.40 3000

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5 EXERCISES ON ELECTRIC MOTORS

Note: use the safety protections.

Fig. 9.2b - Lay-out of the connections for the differential compound direct-current motor running in no-load condition.

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 5 EXERCISES ON ELECTRIC MOTORS

MODE OF OPERATION

x Power the field winding, then turn the rotary selector of the DC

x
FIXED LINE 42 V to position 1.
Adjust the resistance of the field rheostat to obtain an excitation

x
current of approximately 0.45 A.
Power the armature winding, then turn the rotary selector of the

x
DC VARIABLE LINE 0...48 V to position 1.
Starting from zero, increase the armature voltage (follow the
values indicated in table 9b), at the same time measure the motor

x
RPM with a speedometer.
Write down the values of voltages and currents measured by the

x
DC multimeters 1 and 2, on a table.
Defluxing the motor will lead to increase its RPM; that can be
verified with the following operations: adjust the speed at
approximately 2215 RPM, then increase the resistance of the field
rheostat and at last reduce the excitation current: the result will be
an increase of RPM.
Reduce the armature voltage down to 30 Vdc (2215 RPM), then
turn the knob of the field rheostat in counter-clockwise direction
so that resistance will increase; at the same time make sure that

x
speed increases (follow the values indicated in table 9b).
Stop the motor by reducing the armature voltage down to 0; then
turn the rotary selector of the DC VARIABLE LINE 0...48 V to
position 0, at last turn the rotary selector of the DC FIXED LINE
42 V to position 0.

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5 EXERCISES ON ELECTRIC MOTORS

V I V I P Rotational
Armature Armature Excitation Excitation speed
Condition DC DC DC DC Comment
multimeter multimeter multimeter multimeter
1 1 2 2
[V] [A] [V] [A] [W] [RPM]

Blank table for inserting the data

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 5 EXERCISES ON ELECTRIC MOTORS

RESULTS OF THE MEASUREMENTS

V I V I P Rotational
Armature Armature Excitation Excitation speed
Condition DC DC DC DC Comment
multimeter 1 multimeter 1 multimeter 2 multimeter 2

[V] [A] [V] [A] [W] [RPM]

Start
0 0 45 0.45 20.25 0

Acceleration
15 0.65 45 0.45 30 1077

Acceleration
20 0.73 45 0.45 34.85 1475
Fixed
excitation
Acceleration
25 0.77 45 0.45 39.50 1864 voltage,
motor RPM
will increase
Acceleration together with
30 0.79 45 0.45 43.95 2243
armature
voltage.
Acceleration
35 0.82 45 0.45 48.95 2650

Acceleration
39.5 0.90 45 0.45 55.80 3000

Fixed
Defluxing armature
30 0.87 45 0.30 39.60 2604
voltage,
motor RPM
will increase
when
Defluxing
30 0.98 45 0.31 43.35 2871 excitation
current is
reduced.

Table 9.b - Measurements carried out on the differential compound direct-current motor
running in no-load condition.

P= sum of the active power measured by DC multimeters 1 and 2.

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