Conduction: This is the mode of energy transfer as heat due to temperature difference

within a body or between bodies in thermal contact without the involvement of mass flow
and mixing. This is the mode of heat transfer through solid barriers and is encountered
extensively in heat transfer equipment design as well as in heating and cooling of various
materials as in the case of heat treatment. The rate equation in this mode is based on

Fouriers law of heat conduction which states that the heat flow by conduction in any
direction is proportional to the temperature gradient and area perpendicular to the flow
direction and is in the direction of the negative gradient.
The proportionality constant obtained in the relation is known as thermal conductivity, k, of the
material. The mathematical formulation is given in below equation
Heat flow, Q = kA dT/dx