Figure 7 illustrates a typical impedance

curve. The series and parallel resonances, fs

and fp, are used to determine the piezoelect-
ric parameters. These correspond to a good
approximation to the impedance minimum
fm and maximum fn.

Oscillation States of Piezoelectric

Components
Oscillation states or modes and the deforma-
tion are decided by the geometry of the
element, mechano-elastic properties and the
orientations of the electric field and the
polarization. Coefficients see p. 10, specific
values see p. 16. dimensions see p. 22. The
equations are used to calculate approx-
imation values.

Electrically Mechanically
induced induced
displacement voltage
(small signal) (small signal)

OD =
d31OD
U
TH

TH = d33U U =
4 g 33TH
OD 2 3
F

L = U =
d31L g 31
U F
TH W 1

L = d33U U =
g 33 L
F
W TH 3

L = d15U U =
g15 TH
F
LW 3

L =
d31L
U
TH

TH = d33U

13

PIEZOTECHNOLOGY