Danielle Faye F.

Clerigo Group O January 21, 2017

Dilatation and Curettage Instruments

Hanks Cervical Dilators (sizes 9 thru 20)

For probing and dilating; also used for progressive dilation of

the cervical os for intrauterine procedures.

Goodell Dilator

An obsolete instrument for dilating the cervix.

Polyp Forceps (straight/curved)

An item used for holding sponges during gynecological

procedures.

Thomas Dull Uterine Curette

An instrument used for removing tissue from the lining of the

uterus.

Thomas Sharp Uterine Curette

An instrument used for removing tissue from the lining of the

uterus.

Heaney Serrated Uterine Curette

An instrument used for tissue removal from the uterus.

Gaylor Cervical Biopsy Forcep

An instrument that has a sharp tip for cutting or scraping.

Metal Catheter

It is used for the temporary external drainage of

cerebrospinal fluid.
 Jacobs Single Tooth Uterine Tenaculum

An instrument used to grasp the cervix. It can also be used for

holding, clamping or occluding.

Bozeman Uterine Packing Forceps

For grasping and holding; also used for placing vaginal packing in the vagina following vaginal procedures.

Uterine Sound

For probing and dilating; can also be inserted into the

cervical os to measure the depth of the uterus or the fundus.

aaaaaEastman Vaginal Retractor

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaFor vaginal exposure. It is used to retract the anterior wall

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aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaSims Vaginal Retractor

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aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaAuvard Weighted Speculum

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaafor retracting and viewing. It is designed to keep the

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The Female Reproductive System

Internal Structures

Ovaries

The ovaries are the ultimate life-maker for the females.

For its physical structure, it has an estimated length of 4 cm and width of 2 cm and is 1.5 cm thick. It appears to be
shaped like an almond. It looks pitted, like a raisin, but is grayish white in color.
It is located proximal to both sides of the uterus at the lower abdomen.
For its function, the ovaries produce, mature, and discharge the egg cells or ova.
Ovarian function is for the maturation and maintenance of the secondary sex characteristics in females.
It also has three divisions: the protective layer of epithelium, the cortex, and the central medulla.

Fallopian Tubes

The fallopian tubes serve as the pathway of the egg cells towards the uterus.
It is a smooth, hollow tunnel that is divided into four parts: the interstitial, which is 1 cm in length; the isthmus,
which is2 cm in length; the ampulla, which is 5 cm in length; and the infundibular, which is 2 cm long and shaped
like a funnel.
The funnel has small hairs called the fimbria that propel the ovum into the fallopian tube.
The fallopian tube is lined with mucous membrane, and underneath is the connective tissue and the muscle layer.
The muscle layer is responsible for the peristaltic movements that propel the ovum forward.
The distal ends of the fallopian tubes are open, making a pathway for conception to occur.

Uterus

The uterus is described as a hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ.

It is located at the lower pelvis, which is posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum.
The uterus has an estimated length of 5 to 7 cm and width of 5 cm. it is 2.5 cm deep in its widest part.
For non-pregnant women, it is approximately 60g in weight.
Its function is to receive the ovum from the fallopian tube and provide a place for implantation and nourishment.
It also gives protection for the growing fetus.
It is divided into three: the body, the isthmus, and the cervix. F
The body forms the bulk of the uterus, being the uppermost part. This is also the part that expands to accommodate
the growing fetus.
The isthmus is just a short connection between the body and the cervix. This is the portion that is cut during a
cesarean section.
The cervix lies halfway above the vagina, and the other half extends into the vagina. It has an internal and external
cervical os, which is the opening into the cervical canal.

External Structures

Mons Veneris
 The mons veneris is a pad of fat tissues over the symphysis pubis.
It has a covering of coarse, curly hairs, the pubic hair.
It protects the pubic bone from trauma.

Labia Minora

The labia minora is a spread of two connective tissue folds that are pinkish in color.
The internal surface is composed of mucous membrane and the external surface is skin.
It contains sebaceous glands all over the area.

Labia Majora

Lateral to the labia minora are two folds of fat tissue covered by loose connective tissue and epithelium, the labia
majora.
Its function is to protect the external genitalia and the distal urethra and vagina from trauma.
It is covered in pubic hair that serves as additional protection against harmful bacteria that may enter the structure.

Vestibule

It is a smooth, flattened surface inside the labia wherein the openings to the urethra and the vagina arise.

Clitoris

The clitoris is a small, circular organ of erectile tissue at the front of the labia minora.
The prepuce, a fold of skin, serves as its covering.
This is the center for sexual arousal and pleasure for females because it is highly sensitive to touch and temperature.

Skenes Glands

Also called as paraurethral glands, they are found lateral to the urethral meatus and have ducts that open into the
urethra.
The secretions from this gland lubricate the external genitalia during coitus.

Bartholins Gland

Also called bulbovaginal gland, this is another gland responsible for the lubrication of the external genitalia during
coitus.
It has ducts that open into the distal vagina.
Both of these glands secretions are alkaline to help the sperm survive in the vagina.

Fourchette

This is a ridge of tissue which is formed by the posterior joining of the labia minora and majora.
During episiotomy, this is the tissue that is cut to enlarge the vaginal opening.

Perineal Body

This is a muscular area that stretches easily during childbirth.

Most pregnancy exercises such as Kegels and squatting are done to strengthen the perineal body to allow easier
expansion during childbirth and avoid tearing the tissue.

Hymen

This covers the opening of the vagina.

It is tough, elastic, semicircle tissue torn during the first sexual intercourse.
Women are indeed molded to follow after Mother Nature and be a vessel that could bring forth life into this world.
The simple anatomy of the reproductive system of females is a classic example of an art that is created to serve a
higher purpose and an instrument to lifes miracle itself.