>Implicit & Explicit Finite Element Analysis | CAE ANALYSIS https://caeanalysis.wordpress.com/2011/04/03/implicit-explicit-finite-...

JustanotherFiniteElementAnalysisBlog

3 04 2011
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ImplicitandExplicitaretwotypesofapproachedthatcanbeusedto
solve the finite element problem. The implicit approach is useful in
problemsinwhichtimedependencyofthesolutionisnotanimportant
factor [e.g. static structural, harmonic, modal analysis etc.] whereas
Explicit Dynamics approach is most helpful in solving high
deformationtimedependentproblemssuchasCrash,Blast,Impactetc.

Theprimedierencebetweentheimplicitandexplicitschemeliesin
theconsiderationofvelocityoracceleration.Youmustbeawareofthe
equationrelatingmass(m),damping(c),stiness(k)andforce(F).In
equation1,xstandsfordisplacementwhereasandareresp.the
firstandsecondtimederivativesofx.Inotherwordstheystandfor
velocityandaccelerationresp.
m+c+kx=F (1)
Implicit Scheme: In an implicit scheme, the displacement is not a
function of time (i.e. x = constant). Hence the velocities and
accelerationswhicharetimederivativesofdisplacementturnouttobe
zeroandthemassanddampingfactorscanbeneglected.Theimplicit
method can be based based on Newarks method, Newton Raphson
Methodetc.InordertosolveanFEMproblemusingimplicitmethod,
inversion of stiness matrix (k) is required. Very Large deformation
problems such as crash analysis can result in millions of degrees of
freedom eectively increasing the size ofstiness matrix.Larger the
stiness matrix longer is the computational time required for its
inversion.Hencethereisaneedforanexplicitmethodwhichwould
preventtheinversionofstinessmatrix.Implicitmethodsaremainly
usedinsoftwaressuchasAnsys,Nastran,Abaqusetc.
ExplicitScheme:AsopposedtoImplicitmethods,explicitschemeisa
functionoftime.Beingafunctionoftime,thevelocityandacceleration
aswellasthemassanddampingneedtobeconsideredinthisscheme.
In an explicit method, Central Dierence time integration (CDTI) is
usedtocalculatefieldvariablesatrespectivenodalpoints.Sinceonlya
numerical solution is possible for a non linear ordinary dierential
equation,thismethodisparticularlysuitedfornonlinearproblems.It
requirestheinversionofthelumpedmassmatrixasopposedtothatof

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>Implicit & Explicit Finite Element Analysis | CAE ANALYSIS https://caeanalysis.wordpress.com/2011/04/03/implicit-explicit-finite-...

the global stiness matrix in the implicit methods. In the CDTI, the
equationofmotionisevaluatedattheprevioustimestep(tn1,where
tnisthecurrenttimestep).
Theexplicitmethodoralgorithmworksintimestepincrementsi.e.the
displacements are calculated as the time proceeds. Consider the
simulation of a crash analysis. At timestep 1 (t=0 ms), there is no
deformationsincetheimpactisyettooccur.Graduallyastimewould
progressesthedeformationalsowouldchange.Assumethatattimestep
2,tis5ms,nowtheexplicitalgorithmwillcalculatethevaluesoffield
variablesattimewhent=5ms.Thisisthewayinwhichthesolution
proceeds.
LSDynaisonesoftwarewhichisbasedonexplicitdynamicsandis
especiallyusedforsolvingproblemssuchasCrash,Impact,Penetration
etc.PamcrashandAbaqusexplicitarealsobasedonthesame.

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Date:April3,2011

Categories:explicit,lsdyna

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