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TABLE OF CONTENTS-
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY-
BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
Company Profile
Destileria Limtuaco was established by a Chinese immigrant born of a merchant family
in Amoy, China, Lim Tua Co sailed for the Philippines in 1850 with the blessings of the
Chinese Emperor. He was then 36 years old and he was a Mandarin trained in martial
arts. But Lim Tua Co was also a merchant and had in his possession a secret formula
for medicinal wine that has been with his family for five generations. Within two years of
his arrival in the Philippines, Lim Tua Co had put this formula into good use. He set up a
distillery at 135 Gandara Street, Binondo, the Chinese quarter of the city, beside the
Pasig River, and began producing Vino de Chino, a bittersweet brew derived from a
variety of Chinese herbs. This wine was known to build up stamina like todays energy
drinks and it became immensely popular among the Filipinos men and women alike.

The drink soon became popularly known as Sioktong and through the years, this
Chinese word has become part of the Filipino language, referring to any locally made
medicinal wine.

The founder of Destileria Limtuaco became an acknowledged leader in the Filipino

Chinese business community and in the distillery trade. To complete his integration into
Filipino life, Lim Tua Co took on a Christian name and became known to friends,
associates and heirs as Don Bonifacio Limtuaco.

Don Bonifacio had two children - Carlos and Andrea. It was his son Carlos whom he
hoped would take over the business. Carlos was therefore sent to prestigious Ateneo de
Manila for a Bachelor of Arts degree, class of 1889. Shortly after graduation, Carlos
sailed for Amoy, China, to visit his ancestral home where he died before reaching the
age of forty.

Unfortunately, like his only son, Don Bonifacio Limtuaco died while on a visit to Amoy in
1887. A nephew took over the distillery, steering the company through the turn of the
century. It was a period of turmoil for the country, marked by the Philippine revolution
and the entry of new allies, the Americans, into Philippine life.

In 1926, Limtuacos nephew, Lim Chay Seng, took over the helm of the company. Much
needed capital was pumped into distillery and production shifted from the home- brewed
concoction of Sioktong, anisados and tintos to other Western type liquors.
In 1937, James Limpe, a son of Lim Chay Seng, was placed at the helm of the
company. JamesLimpe, a professional manager, graduated in 1924 from the University
of Washington in Seattle, United States. It was he who introduced modern management
into the business.

In 1939, the distillery was transferred from the heart of Chinatown to the growing
industrial center in Grace Park, Caloocan City.

The second world war hit the Philippines in 1941 and it found Destileria Limtuaco at
odds with invading Japanese forces. Obeying a last minute order of USAFFE (United
States Armed Forces of the Far East) Commander General Douglas Mac Arthur for
liquor manufacturers to stop their operations and dump their liquor before the Japanese
entered the Open City of Manila, James Limpe was incarcerated in Fort Santiago along
with prominent American, Filipino and Chinese leaders of the community. Today a
marker stands at Fort Santiago to honor patriots like James Limpe who shared its
dungeons during the last war.

With the onset of world peace in 1945, James Limpe rebuilt Destileria Limtuaco and
began training his eldest son Julius in the business of running a distillery.

Julius Limpe was sent to the United States in 1946 to study business management at
the University of Indiana. In 1958, James relinquished his position of Chief Executive
Officer to Julius.

As he grew in the business, Julius Limpe learned the chemistry of liquor manufacturing
and became like his father, a master blender of whiskies, gins, brandies, rums, vodkas
and wines. Julius Limpe invented, developed and patented formulas and aging
processes that are today, part of the closely guarded secrets of the corporation. On the
other hand, the manager in him propelled Destileria Limtuaco to its present position of
primacy in the liquor industry. The distillery has over 30 different products, which include
local blends and foreign brands manufactured locally under license. It has three
bottling, processing and aging plants as well as many warehouses in Metro Manila,
which constitute the largest stock of aging spirits in oak barrels in the liquor industry.

Today, the fifth generation, headed by Olivia Limpe-Aw, is steering the company into the
challenges of the 21st century. Appreciating its heritage, the companys current
management has maintained the wisdom gained from the past generations while
utilizing modern advantages and gaining a contemporary edge in the industry. It has
reengineered its company into a streamlined organization, computerized most of its
operational systems, and utilizes modern marketing and production techniques.
However, it has remained true to the integrity and quality of Limtuacos products.
As Destileria Limtuaco continues to embrace the challenges of the modern times, it
strives to maintain the quality of which its products were known. As part of this
commitment, the company was accredited by TUV as an ISO certified production plant.

This enables the company to maintain consistent quality checks and production
schedules. Furthermore, the ISO seal attests that Destileria Limtuaco is a company that
complies with international standards.

As part of its continuing commitment to quality, the companys quality management

system underwent another certification audit by TV SD Asia Pacific Ltd. last March,
2009.

Destileria Limtuaco & Co., Inc. is proud to be among the first companies worldwide to
be certified under the latest ISO 9001:2008 standards for its ability to consistently
provide products that meet both customer and applicable regulatory requirements.

VISION STATEMENT

Our vision is to grow Destileria Limtuaco & Co., Inc. into the country's leading distillery
and to be recognized internationally for high quality, Philippine distilled spirits with
established global brands.

MISSION STATEMENT

We are a distillery company committed to manufacture and build Filipino brands and
products both domestically and internationally, produced in accordance with
international standards and quality systems that allow us to compete in the global
market. Through our dedicated, competent, professional and motivated organization,
modernized manufacturing facilities, capabilities and technologies and innovative
distribution and marketing strategies, we ensure total continual customer satisfaction
and optimum returns to our shareholders. We will develop, expand, and pursue allied
business opportunities and utilize synergies for value-enhancing growth.

The Philippine market has always enjoyed the world-class quality that Destileria
Limtuaco products have been known for. The distillery is proud of its wide range of
distilled spirits and alcoholic beverages expertly blended and produced with the highest
degree of manufacturing excellence, backed by 5 generations of master blenders, the
finest liquor makers in the Philippines.

For over 160 years, Destileria Limtuaco's excellent brand portfolio consists of distilled
spirits, whiskies, brandies, gins, rums, vodkas, tequilas, cocktails, herbal and sweet
wines, and the original medicinal wines. These products are produced strictly following
special manufacturing processes and well-guarded formula developed by the master
blenders, creating exceptional products of superior taste and quality that satisfies the
impeccable taste of Filipinos and connoisseurs the world over.

By exploring this website, you'll find out the answer why Destileria Limtuaco became
known as "The Oldest Distillery in the Philippines".

Analysis of the International Business Situation

A. Economic, political and legal analysis of the trading country
1. Describe the trading countrys economic system, economic information
important to your proposed business/product/service, the level of foreign
investment in that country.
Economic System

Singapore has a highly developed trade-oriented market economy. Singapore's

economy has been ranked as the most open in the world, [17] 7th least corrupt, most pro-
business, with low tax rates (14.2% of Gross Domestic Product, GDP) and has the third
highest per-capita GDP in the world in terms of Purchasing Power Parity
(PPP). APEC is headquartered in Singapore.

Government-linked companies play a substantial role in Singapore's economy, which

are owned through the sovereign wealth fund Temasek Holdings, which holds majority
stakes in several of the nation's largest companies, such as Singapore
Airlines,SingTel, ST Engineering and MediaCorp.

The economy of Singapore is a major Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) outflow financier
in the world. Singapore has also benefited from the inward flow of FDI from global
investors and institutions due to its highly attractive investment climate and a stable
political environment.

Exports, particularly in electronics, chemicals and services including Singapore's

position as the regional hub for wealth management provide the main source of
revenue for the economy, which allows it to purchase natural resources andraw
goods which it lacks. Moreover, water is scarce in Singapore therefore water is defined
as a precious resource in Singapore along with the scarcity of land to be treated
with land fill of Pulau Semakau. Singapore has limited arable land, meaning that
Singapore has to rely on the agrotechnology park for agricultural production and
consumption. Human resources is another vital issue for the health of the Singaporean
economy. The economy of Singapore ranks 2nd overall in the Scientific American
Biotechnology ranking in 2014, with the featuring of Biopolis.
Singapore could thus be said to rely on an extended concept of intermediary trade
to Entrept trade, by purchasing raw goods and refining them for re-export, such as in
the wafer fabrication industry and oil refining. Singapore also has a strategic port which
makes it more competitive than many of its neighbours in carrying out such entrepot
activities. Singapore has the highest trade to GDP ratio in the world, averaging around
400% during 200811. The Port of Singapore is the second-busiest in the world by
cargo tonnage. In addition, Singapore's port infrastructure and skilled workforce, which
is due to the success of the country's education policy in producing skilled workers, is
also fundamental in this aspect as they provide easier access to markets for
both importing and exporting, and also provide the skill(s) needed to refine imports into
exports.

Singapore's government promotes high levels of savings and investment through

policies such as the Central Provident Fund, which is used to fund its citizen's
healthcare and retirement needs. Singapore's savings rates have remained among the
highest in the world since the 1970s. Most companies in Singapore are registered as
private limited-liability companies (commonly known as "private limited companies"). A
private limited company in Singapore is a separate legal entity, and shareholders are
not liable for the company's debts beyond the amount of share capital they have
contributed.

To preserve its international standing and further its economic prosperity in the 21st
century, Singapore has taken measures to promote innovation, encourage
entrepreneurship, re-train its workforce, and even attract foreign talents. To attract
foreign talents, Singaporean government issues Employment Pass (EP) under three
categories viz. P1 Employment Pass for those individuals with monthly income of
$8,000 and up, P2 Employment Pass for individuals with monthly income of $4,500
7,999 and Q1 Employment Pass individuals with a monthly income of at least $3,000.
The Ministry of Manpower (Singapore)(MoM) oversees the matter related to immigration
of workers. These measures aim to boost Singapore's productivity, so that Singapore
remains competitive and ready for the challenges of an information-driven global
economy.

Economic Information

Alcoholic drinks posted positive growth in 2015 despite the poor economic outlook
towards the end of the year and for 2016 and beyond, with more cautious spending
observed. The slowdown in some categories was mitigated by dynamism in others such
as cider/perry and cocktail drinking culture, which boosted sales of spirits commonly
used in cocktails. Moreover, consumers enjoy pairing food with alcoholic drinks, so
consuming alcoholic drinks is not just seen as an activity to be undertaken only at clubs
and pubs.
Sales of alcoholic drinks increased at foodservice outlets, where food is as important as
the alcoholic drink. Cafs, for example, increasingly offered more alcoholic drinks
products. As such, alcoholic drinks manufacturers are seeking to establish
collaborations with consumer foodservice players to open up a new segment. For
example, in bid to attract young consumers and take advantage of the growing
popularity of drinking at cafs and food establishments at the end of the review period
there was a trend towards offering imported craft beers rather than local beer options
Tiger launched an exclusive collaboration with local dessert start-up, Cake Spade.
Alcoholic drinks is expected to record moderate volume growth over the forecast period
due to its maturity, as well as the poor economic outlook for 2016 and perhaps beyond
which will result in more cautious spending. There may be some trading down, for
example from spirits to beer, though it will be a short soft phase, as spirits will always
still have its place, particularly due to growing interest in categories like cocktails, single
malt scotch whisky and Japanese whisky. Female consumers will continue to be a key
target consumer segment, with more flavoured alcoholic drinks that are lighter targeted
at them. Additionally, artisanal craft alcoholic drinks will also see a rise, albeit not at a
threatening pace.
Foreign Investment

1. Describe the trading countrys governmental structure and stability, how

the government controls trade and private business.
Prudent macroeconomic policy and a stable political and legal environment have been
the keys to Singapores continuing success in maintaining a strong and dynamic
economy. Well-secured property rights promote entrepreneurship and productivity
growth effectively. A strong tradition of minimum tolerance for corruption is
institutionalized in an effective judicial framework, strongly sustaining the rule of law.
Singapores openness to global trade and investment and its transparent and efficient
regulatory environment encourage vibrant commercial activity, and the private sector is
a prime source of economic resilience and competitiveness. However, state ownership
and involvement in key sectors remain substantial. A government statutory entity, the
Central Provident Fund, administers public housing, health care, and various other
programs.
Singapore is a democratic state that has been ruled by only one party, the Peoples
Action Party (PAP), since independence in 1965. In the September 2015 election, the
PAP won 83 of the 89 parliamentary seats and 69.9 percent of the vote. Prime Minister
Lee Hsien Loong has led the government since 2004. Certain civil liberties, such as
freedom of assembly and freedom of speech, remain restricted, but the PAP has
embraced economic liberalization and international trade. Singapore is one of the
worlds most prosperous nations. Its economy is dominated by services, but the country
is also a major manufacturer of electronics and chemicals.
Property rights are enforced. In 2015, the World Bank ranked Singapore first in
enforcement of contracts and 24th in registration of property. Commercial courts
function well, but the governments overwhelmingly successful track record in court
cases raises questions about judicial independence. Singapore is one of the worlds
least corrupt countries, although the power of deeply entrenched political elites
continues to raise concerns.
The top individual income tax rate has been raised to 22 percent. The top corporate tax
rate is 17 percent. The overall tax burden equals 13.4 percent of total domestic income.
Government spending has amounted to 18.2 percent of total output (GDP) over the past
three years, and budget surpluses have averaged 3.3 percent of GDP. Public debt is
equivalent to almost a full years GDP.
The overall entrepreneurial environment remains one of the worlds most transparent
and efficient. The business start-up process is straightforward, with no minimum capital
required. The labor market is vibrant and functions well, supported by flexible labor
regulations. The government funds generous housing, transport, and health care
subsidy programs and influences other prices through regulation and state-linked
enterprises.
Trade is extremely important to Singapores economy; the value of exports and imports
taken together equals 326 percent of GDP. The average applied tariff rate is 0.0
percent, and most sectors of the economy are open to foreign investment. The efficient
and well-developed financial sector is highly competitive. The government continues its
ownership in the sector but has steadily been opening the domestic market to foreign
banks.
2

2. Describe laws and/or government agencies that affect your

business/product/service (e.g. labor laws, trade laws and the like)
Singapore Liquor Control
The Liquor Control (Supply and Consumption) Act, which was passed in Parliament in
January, came into force on April 1, 2015. It aims to minimise public disorder and
disamenities arising from drinking in public.
1. WHAT IS THE LAW ABOUT?
Under the law, drinking is banned in all public places from 10.30pm to 7am. Retail
shops are also not allowed to sell takeaway alcohol from 10.30pm to 7am.
There are stricter rules in Geylang and Little India, which are designated as Liquor
Control Zones - places with a higher risk of public disorder associated with excessive
drinking. Public drinking is banned in Geylang and Little India from 7am on Saturday to
7am on Mondays. The ban also applies from 7pm on the eve of a public holiday to 7am
after the holiday. Shops within the zones are also not allowed to sell takeaway alcohol
from 7pm on weekends, the eve of a public holiday and the holiday itself.

2. WHAT IS A PUBLIC PLACE?

A public place is where a person has free access, like HDB void decks, parks, or
beaches. Condominiums and chalets are considered private places.

3. IS THERE ANY EXCEPTION?

You can continue to drink beyond the restricted hours if you have a valid permit to hold
a barbecue at a park by the National Parks Board. But you must drink in the immediate
vicinity of the BBQ pit, and can drink only during the duration of the permit. You can
apply for the permit online or at an AXS station. If you have booked a pit, you are
allowed to use it from 12pm on the day of the permit to 4am on the following day of the
booking.

Drinking after 10.30pm is also allowed at government or statutory board events held for
a public purpose, though it is understood that such events usually do not end after
10.30pm.

4. HOW ABOUT AT OTHER EVENTS?

Event organisers may apply for a "consumption permit" online or at the Police Land
Divisions if drinking beyond the restricted hours may occur.

5. DOES IT MEAN DUTY-FREE SHOPS ARE NOT ALLOWED TO SELL ALCOHOL

AFTER 10.30PM?
Yes, duty-free shops are considered retail shops. However, they may apply for an
extension of retail sale hours from the police.

6. WHAT WILL THE POLICE CONSIDER IN GRANTING A RETAIL SHOP AN EXTENSION?

Police will take into account the propensity for public disorder and disamenities in the
area, and the additional measures the licensees are prepared to put in place to reduce
drinking-related problems.

7. HOW ABOUT AT PUBS OR RESTAURANTS OR COFFEE SHOPS?

People can continue to drink at these licensed premises, which can sell alcohol
according to their licences.

8. WHAT IS THE PENALTY FOR FLOUTING THE RULES?

Anyone drinking illegally can be fined up to $1,000 and repeat offenders may be
fined up to $2,000 and jailed for up to three months. A shop selling alcohol after the
permitted hours could be fined up to $10,000.

The penalty is 1 1/2 times if one is caught breaking the law in Liquor Control Zones.

A. Trade and cultural analysis

 1. Geographic and demographic information, important customs and traditions,
other pertinent cultural information, competitive advantages and disadvantages
of the proposed product/service.

Geographic information

Singapore's strategic location at the southern tip of the Malaysian peninsula has
ensured its importance, which is greater than its size might seem to justify. Singapore
consists of the island of Singapore and some 63 islets within its territorial waters. The
main island is about 26 mi/42 km from west to east and 14 mi/23 km from north to
south. It's a mostly undulating country with low hills (the highest, 540-ft/166-m Bukit
Timah Hill, is to the northwest of the city).

Singapore's Central Business District actually spreads across both the central and
southern parts of the island. You can get a good visual orientation to the city as you
cross the Benjamin Sheares Bridge on the East Coast Parkway, which links the airport
to the city center. The Singapore cityscape looks magnificent, particularly at night when
buildings are brilliantly lit. Offshore, there appears to be another city all lit up because of
the many ships anchored there - Singapore is one of the busiest seaports in the world.

Many of the city's attractions are clustered closely together. Orchard Road, the
shoppers' haven, is located in the northern part of the city center. Chinatown, where
you'll find Boat Quay, is just to the southeast of Orchard Road, while Little India is
northeast. Sentosa Island, with its many amusements, is directly to the southwest of the
city center. These frequently visited neighborhoods, as well as more suburban areas,
remain a bustling hive of pedestrian activity well into the evening.

Demographic Information

As of January 2017, the island's population stood at 5.75 million. [1] A large percentage of
its population are non-residents; of its total population of 5.47 million in 2014, 3.87
million were residents (citizens plus permanent residents), 1.6 million non-residents. It is
the second densest sovereign state in the world, after the microstate Monaco.
Singapore is a multiracial and multicultural country with ethnic Chinese (76.2% of the
citizen population), indigenous Malays (15.0%), and ethnic Indians (7.4%) making up
the majority of the population. There are also Eurasians in Singapore. The Malays are
recognised as the indigenous community. Since independence the demographics of
Singapore are broadly organised under the CMIO (Chinese-Malay-Indian-Other) system
of categorisation.

Malay is the national language. English is the main working language and is the
language used for education in Singapore. The other official languages
are Mandarin and Tamil.
Religions include Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Taoism, Hinduism, amongst others. The
annual total population growth rate for the year 2015 was 1.2%.Singapores resident
total fertility rate (TFR) was 1.24 in 2015; the Chinese, Malay and Indian fertility rates
were 1.10, 1.79 and 1.15 respectively. In 2010, the Malay fertility rate was about 70%
higher than that of Chinese and Indians. Singapore has attempted to boost the fertility
rate for years to the replacement level of 2.1 births per woman.

Customs and Traditions

Food in Daily Life. Rice, fish, chicken, and vegetables are the staples. When these
ingredients are mixed with a rich variety of spices, chilis, coconuts, lime, and tamarind,
the variations are endless. Food is often eaten outside the home in food centers where
food is cheap, tasty, and freshly made. There are many cafs, coffeehouses and
teahouses, and formal restaurants. Forks and spoons are used, but Chinese food is
eaten with chopsticks, and Indian and Malay food may be eaten with the hand. The
three main meals are breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Most meals are eaten hot. Malays do
not eat pork, Indians do not eat beef, and many Buddhist Chinese are part-time
vegetarians.

Food Customs at Ceremonial Occasions. Special dishes are eaten during the major
ceremonial occasions of all three ethnic groups, but none are connected to national
celebrations.

Basic Economy. Singapore has a fully developed industrial international economy. The
country depends heavily on imports, as there are few natural resources on the island.
There has been a consistent surplus in the overall balance of payments. There is a
large degree of state control of the economy.

Division of Labor. About two-thirds of the resident population is employed. Only 0.2
percent of the members of the workforce are employed in the primary sector, and about
37 percent of employed persons work in commerce and finance and the business
sector. Twenty-three percent work in manufacturing, 21 percent in other services, and
18 percent in transportation and communications and construction. The unemployment
rate has long been below 3 percent but increased during the recent economic downturn.
Chinese are over-represented in professional, technical, administrative, and managerial
jobs, whereas Malays are the most underrepresented in highly skilled jobs, with Indians
in the middle. The substantial numbers of foreign workers are overrepresented in
production and related work.

Singapore Food Culture

Food is undoubtedly an important aspect in Singapore. From the many hawker centres,
Singapore have to the high-end restaurants, the Singaporean tastebud has definitely
acquired the ability to source out good food wherever it is. Singapore see this from long
queues at more famous stalls and learn that many people are willing to travel across the
island just to get the tau huay in Geylang, chai tao kuay in Ghim Moh or the wonderful
dim sum at Red Star Restaurant located at Chin Swee Road.

If it's anything in this multi-racial, multi-lingual, multi-religious society that we have come
to notice, it is that Singaproean are the classic example of cultural diffusion. While the
main aim of cultural diffusion stems from the want of capital gains, it has brought more
colour and added variety to the Singapore landscape that all Singaporeans are far too
familiar with. Some may say that the countrys landscape lacks iconicity such that
Singapore ought to be known as Singapore rather than Singapore, but if we take a look
at our food culture, we know that boring is really far from reality.

The Singaporean food culture speaks of a fusion of cultures from all over the world.
From Malay food to Japanese cuisine, Western fast food joints to the typical Chinese
restaurants, the country have a good mix of delicacies to pick from. This array of
choices is representative of cultural diffusion in the local context. Alongside globalization
came the entry of different cultures into this small island so it comes as no surprise that
in one way or another, we begin emulating certain cultures while ethnocentrism helps us
in defining what cultures we do not want. And so, Singaporeans have decided to take a
deeper look at the local food culture and seek to understand why things are the way
they are- things we do not usually try to comprehend on an ordinary basis.
A big part of Singapores lifestyle is reflected in choices of places to eat dinner. For
example, a person who has a more limited income, like students, would probably
choose to eat in hawker centers or food courts, instead of choosing fine dining. On the
other hand, someone who has more spending power and indulges in a more luxurious
lifestyle may choose fine dining over eating in hawker centers. Another way that our
choice of eating places reflects our lifestyle is illustrated by the fact that some people
may choose fast food outlets due to their hectic schedules and lack of time to sit down
and slowly enjoy a meal. In Singapores fast-paced society, fast food outlets here never
suffer from a lack of business. Just like other habits in our lives and choices we make,
the places people choose to dine at are also examples of how we choose to live our
lives, and are indicative of our lifestyles. This said, some people might also choose to
dine in certain places, to illustrate or attempt to show people their lifestyles. For
example, a person who has just entered the workforce may not usually dine at fine
restaurants, but when dining with his boss, or a client, may choose fine dining in order
to show others that he has the means to dine there.
Singaporean Lifestyle
No one can deny the fact that eating is a significant part of Singaporean culture.
Singaporeans do not eat simply for the sake of filling their stomachs; rather, it is a
reflection of the Singaporean lifestyle. From a variety of hawker centers to fine dining,
there is never a lack of places to go to for dinner in Singapore. No matter the reasons,
be it whether the limited forms of entertainment available in Singapore, or the inborn
love of food in every Singapore, eating is a part of every Singaporeans lifestyle.
Take for example the myth that dinner time is the meal of the day that we associate with
socialising, and less so for all other meals. Also, we will take a look at why meal times
are events that promote socialising more than other activities like going to the movies or
shopping. Our choices of food also reflects our lifestyle and more insights will be given
pertaining this issue as well. What we realised is that Singaporeans love their food and
appreciate it despite not knowing the many reasons for why our culture is as such. This
idea is linked to a sense of place. Subsequently, we will also be looking at hawker
centres as a case study, as well as how media affects food culture. (
Not only the choice of eating-place is indicative of a persons lifestyle; a persons choice
of eating partners also reflects his or her lifestyle. A person who is more family-oriented
may choose to dine at home, or dine out with his family, in order to spend more time
with his family. However, a more career-minded person would probably choose to dine
with his business associates in order to build up his network of contacts, and so as to
become more business savvy. This illustrates how a persons choice of people that he
dines with also reflects his lifestyles, values and mindset.
Furthermore, a persons choice of food is also representative of his lifestyle. Someone
who is more afraid to try new things and would rather stick to what he knows would
probably eat the same kinds of food, whereas someone who is more adventurous would
not be afraid to try all different kinds of food and venture out from the more common
types of food. This, once again, shows how someones lifestyle is reflected through the
several choices he makes with regards to food.
Dinner Time Talk
Students chat heartily over McDonald value meals as they get together after a day of
school and extra activities. Just a stones throw away, clusters of people spill out of
Pasta Mania and Thai Express in queues. One floor up, Crystal Jade Palace is filled
with the tinkling of Chinese cutlery and conversation. And while a romantic candlelight
dinner for two unfolds beautifully in a cosy Italian Restaurant nearby, families and
friends dine casually but equally comfortably in food courts and hawker centres. Some
simply enjoy warmth of a home-cooked spread. People from all walks of life gather for
dinner more than just the rudimentary purpose of filling the stomach and relieving
hunger - birthday celebrations, wedding banquets, class get-togethers, family
gatherings, dates the list can go on and on.
Socialisation among Singaporeans is commonly observed over the most important
meal of the day. The familiar saying that breakfast is the most essential meal to start the
day is definitely a mere saying to us Singaporeans. For the majority, breakfast more
often than not a grab and go affair. In an observation, most students who are fortunate
enough to have a grab at this first meal of the day munch on bread in plastic bags on
the way to school. This is nothing unusual to us. Even after half a day of labour, many
choose to wolf down a Subway sandwich or some takeaway with eyes still glued to the
monitor in that lonely office cubicle. Speaking of rushed meals, I remember having my
recess food in just 20 minutes before that good old bell went off again.
Being thought to be time-orientated multi-taskers, Singaporeans generally do not have
the luxury of enjoying fellowship in socialising during meals. This could be why it seems
that they place more emphasis on the last meal of the day. Well, at least the last for
some. Dinner becomes a leisurely activity where people get together in various social
groups. I look forward to dinner less time constraint, more good food. From a mothers
kitchen to the most high-class restaurant in town, dinner seems to call for a wider
spread. Also evident is the increased amount of effort that goes into the choice of
cuisine for dinner. My personal view is that people feel temporarily relieved of their days
dose of stress and many look on dinner as a kind of deserved reward for a day of hard
work. Eating in itself can serve as a very relaxing, stress-relieving activity. Dinner, being
at the end of the day is all the more a pleasurable moment to savour.
For these very reasons I guess, dinner becomes a social tool in the Singapore society.
They often receive invitations to grand Chinese dinners at restaurants where couples
celebrate marriage. Occasionally, they attend class gatherings with BBQ on a cool
breezy evening at East Coast. Chinese families coming together for a scrumptious
reunion dinner is a yearly affair.
This rich diversity of food has become such an integral part of Singaporean culture that
there is no longer any conscious segregation of it under different racial or dialect
groups. Due to a history of interracial and inter-class mingling, most citizens have
already embraced these differences under Singaporean food as a whole. Meals are
planned not according to racial distinctions but according to the taste and preference of
the day. It is so common for people to eat food outside of their racial or dialect group
that no one even bats an eyelid. It is also not surprising if one has taken food from all
the different races within a day.
Drinking in Singapore

Singapore drinking rules:

Clink it, saying: Cheers" English is the main language in Singapore. You
could also say "Yum Seng" ("Drink good" in Cantonese) or "Tar" ("Finish" in
Hokkien)

General etiquette: Bow your head to show respect and lift your glass to show that
your drink is finished. If you led the cheers, it is polite to let your drinking partner
finish first

Get used to: the concept of "face," which manifests itself throughout the culture
here

Sitting at the tip of Malaysia and to the north of Australia, Singapore is considered by
many to be the gateway to the east. But visitors quickly recognize that Singaporeans
are adept at cherry-picking the best of the Western world and developing it very quickly.
 2. Analysis of the potential location importance and requirements of each
trade document required by the country of choice.

Starting a Trading Company in Singapore

Singapore has long been known as an important port of call for traders, especially
those dealing between the eastern and the western time zones. According to the latest
statistics by the World Trade Organization, Singapore is the 14th largest merchandise
exporter in the world and has a trade to GDP ratio of 404.9. If you plan to incorporate a
Singapore trading company and start an import/export business, this guide will serve as
a good starting point.
About 3000 international and local logistics and supply chain management companies
operate in Singapore. Singapore provides shippers a choice of 200 shipping lines with
connections to 600 ports in over 120 countries. Handling port services like container
load transfers and unloading, has highly-trained personnel and state-of-the-art
equipment and technology. The Changi Airfreight Centre operates a 24-hour one-stop
service centre for airlines, shippers, cargo agents and consignees. With state-of-the-art
infrastructure in place, cargo is handled more efficiently and quickly.
Given Singapores market dominance in the import/export trade, it has well-defined
import/export procedures in place. Detailed below is an overview of the various aspects
of trading in Singapore including: opening a customs account, applying for licences and
permits, types of goods that can be imported/exported, taxes and fees, trade financing
options, cargo clearance procedures, goods storage options etc.

How to start a trading business?

Step 1: Incorporate a trading company
For starting a trading business in Singapore, you will need to incorporate a company
first. For detailed information on this, refer to Singapore company registration guide.
Step 2: Register with Singapore Customs
All importers and exporters are required to activate their account with the Singapore
Customs before they can import/export goods in and out of Singapore. Account
activation is processed within 1-2 working days after submission of the application and
you will be issued a Customs approval letter and is valid for as long as your company
exists.
Step 3: Apply for licenses and permits
For import/export of all goods
For import of all goods (including controlled and non-controlled items) into Singapore,
you are required to obtain an IN Permit through TradeNet before goods are imported
into Singapore.
For export of all goods (including controlled and non-controlled items) out of Singapore,
you are required to obtain an OUT Permit through TradeNet
before the goods are exported out of Singapore if your goods are controlled or
are transported via rail or road
within 3 days of export if your goods are non-controlled or are transported by sea
or air
before exporting goods that have been previously imported under the Temporary
Import Scheme
before exporting goods under the Temporary Export Scheme
Certain special scenarios such as importing/exporting trade samples of
uncontrolled items of a total value not exceeding S$400/- on the CIF (Costs,
Insurance and Freight) value may be imported/exported without a permit.

For import/export of controlled goods

The import/export of some goods are subject to the control of Controlling Agencies and
are known as controlled goods. To import/export controlled goods you require a permit,
in addition to the IN Permit and OUT Permit. You can submit the permit applications to
the relevant Controlling Agencies through the TradeNet system or your freight
forwarder or cargo agent for processing and approval. Examples of controlled goods
include cigarettes and tobacco products, drugs, petrochemicals, animals and food
products.

Taxes and Fees

Customs and Excise Duty
Certain goods that are manufactured in Singapore or imported into Singapore and are
subject to customs and/or excise duties are known as dutiable goods. In Singapore,
dutiable goods include: intoxicating liquors, tobacco products, motor vehicles and
petroleum products. Duties are levied on an ad valorem basis or specific rate basis. An
ad valorem rate is a percentage of the Customs value of the imported goods. A specific
rate is a specified amount per unit of weight or other quantity such as $300.00 per kg.
Duties may be temporarily suspended (up to the point of consumption) under the
various Customs schemes.
Note that subject to qualifying conditions duty exemption is granted for wine used at
wine exhibitions and conference events approved under the Meetings, Incentives,
Conventions & Exhibitions (MICE) Incentive Scheme BE In Singapore BEIS
administered by the Singapore Tourism Board. Additionally, motorized bicycles that are
not registered as motorcycles or scooters are exempt from excise duties.
Goods and Services Tax

Goods imported into Singapore are subject to prevailing Goods and Services Tax (GST)
which is currently at 7%, if the goods are meant for local consumption. GST is
administered by the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS) and collected by
Singapore Customs. GST on all dutiable and non dutiable goods are payable on an ad
valorem basis, i.e. 7% on the value of Goods. The GST taxable is calculated based on
the CIF (Costs, Insurance and Freight) value plus all duties and other chargeable costs,
whether or not shown on the invoice. GST may be temporarily suspended (up to the
point of consumption) under the various Customs schemes. Note that subject to certain
criteria GST relief is granted for wine used at wine exhibitions and conference events
approved under the Meetings, Incentives, Conventions & Exhibitions (MICE) Incentive
Scheme BE In Singapore BEIS administered by the Singapore Tourism Board.

You can charge your customers GST if you register with IRAS to collect GST. You can
also get a GST refund on GST paid on imports if the goods are later exported out of the
country. You have to be GST-registered with IRAS to qualify for the refund.

Note: There are special schemes such as the Major Exporter Scheme (designed to
alleviate the cash flow of major exporters who have significant imports) and Import GST
Deferment Scheme (designed to alleviate the cash flow of taxable traders by deferring
the import GST payment at the point of importation) to reduce the burden of GST.

Singapore Customs Fees

Singapore Customs charges procedural and administrative fees.
The most efficient way is to pay all fees, duties and GST to Singapore Customs by
GIRO, authorising Singapore Customs to make direct deductions from your bank
account.

Trade Financing and Insurance

In Singapore, businesses often resort to loans, letters of credit and insurance to cover
the financial risks involved in trading.
Letter of Credit
Letter of Credit (LC) is the common practice in Singapore where payment to the
exporter is guaranteed by the buyers bank. This is the preferred payment option both
among exporters as well as buyers because the exporters payment is secured before
the goods are shipped and likewise the buyer need not make any payments until the
goods are received. Based on the LC other financing options are also available viz:
 Back To Back LC If an exporter has to procure goods from another third party
to fulfill the buyers order, he may open an LC with his bank based on the Original
LC of the buyer.
Trust Receipt An importer can get a loan from a bank based on the LC and the
goods it promises he will be getting.
Packing Credit A loan or overdraft privilege based on an LC. It can be a form of
pre-shipment financing (repayment is made when goods are shipped) or post-
shipment finance (repayment is made when the buyer has paid for the goods).

Loans
Most banks in Singapore have taken cognizance of the huge import/export industry and
offer competitive trade finance services including import products, export products and
bank guarantees. Some of the financing options offered by banks are:
Overdraft You can overdraw your current account up to a maximum amount
agreed with the bank. Interest is paid only on what is overdrawn.
Revolving line of credit You can arrange with a bank to have an agreed amount
of funds made available to you at a fee. You can withdraw and top up the funds
regularly.
Term Loans A loan made available against a collateral subject to approval by
the bank.
Transaction Loan Loans obtained to finance a confirmed order subject to the
creditworthiness of the company that placed the order.
Inventory financing Loans obtained against unsold inventories.
Factoring Loans Factoring agents like banks and financial institutions provide
instant payment against your outstanding invoices. A fee of up to 15% is charged
for collecting the payment from the clients.

Insurance
Trade Credit insurance provides companies with protection against the risk of non-
payment by buyers arising from commercial and non-commercial risks. Should buyers
default on payment further to the stipulated due date and grace period, the insurer will
pay upon verifying the validity of the claim. International Enterprise Singapore, a
Government initiative, offers trade credit insurance at very attractive premium rates
through its TCI Programme.
Depositing and Storing Goods
Free Trade Zones
Free Trade Zones (FTZs) are designated areas in Singapores air and seaports where
duties and Goods and Services Tax (GST) are temporarily suspended for the imported
goods.
You only have to pay the duties and taxes when the goods leave the FTZs and enter
into customs territory for consumption. All dutiable goods can be stored in the FTZs
except for liquors and cigarettes.
If you import goods to export (re-exporting), then FTZs can help your cash flow greatly
as you do not have to pay duties and GST on the imports.
You should be aware that goods that arrive by rail and road are not deposited into FTZs
and are subject to duties and taxes.
Licensed And Zero-GST Warehouses
You can store dutiable goods in Licensed Warehouses so that GST and duties payable
for the goods would be suspended until the goods are removed from the premises and
brought into the local market for consumption.
You can store non-dutiable goods in Zero-GST Warehouses so that GST payable for the
goods would be suspended until the goods are removed from the premises and brought
into the local market for consumption.
Clearance of Goods
Immigration and Checkpoint Authority (ICA) officers conduct checks on vehicles, cargo
and persons entering the country, and refer trade and customs matters to Singapore
Customs for follow-up. Clearance procedure depends on the type of cargo and the
mode of transport.
Export Clearances for Conventional and Containerized Cargo
For dutiable and controlled goods, you must obtain a Customs OUT Permit from
Customs or the Controlling Authority, as appropriate, before export. The Customs OUT
Permit will have to be produced to the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA)
officers at the exit checkpoint for the clearance of the goods. The Customs seal placed
on the cargo, if any, will be verified by the ICA Officers at the exit checkpoint before
release of the cargo.
For export of non-dutiable and non-controlled goods by air or sea, the trader can clear
the cargo through the checkpoint first, and declare the Customs OUT permit within three
days of export. Where export of such goods is effected by road, the trader should
produce the Customs OUT permit at the time of export clearance.
Import Clearances for Conventional Cargo
For import, you should produce the Customs IN Permit (or an import authorisation) with
the supporting documents (such as invoice, packing list, bill of lading etc) to the ICA
officers at the entry checkpoint for the clearance of the goods.
For import of goods for local consumption, the duties and/or GST have to be paid before
the goods can be released for entry.
Import Clearances for Containerised Cargo
The procedure for clearance of containerized cargo differs from that of conventional
cargo. There are two types of containerized Cargo viz.
Full container load (FCL) a container with goods for one consignee or with
goods from one consignor
Less than full container load (LCL) a container with goods for more than one
consignee or with goods from more than one consignor
Prior to the removal of containers out of the FTZ or Free Trade Zone (FTZs are
essentially designated areas in Singapore where the payment of duties and taxes are
suspended when the goods arrived in Singapore) obtaining the relevant Customs
permits is a pre-requisite.

Procedure for FCL Containers

FCL containers are normally not unstuffed in the FTZ. Containers requiring Customs
examination will be sealed at the respective FTZ Out-gates. After the sealed containers
have been trucked out of the FTZ, consignees or their transport agents should make
arrangements with Singapore Customs for supervision of unstuffing of the containers.
Customs seals placed on containers at the time of import should not be broken without
the supervision or written permission of Singapore Customs.

Containers not requiring Customs examination will be given SNR (i.e. Sealing Not
Required) facilitation and released by ICA officers without being sealed. Unsealed
containers may be unstuffed at any time without Singapore Customs supervision.

Procedure for LCL Containers

LCL containers are unstuffed in the FTZ and cleared through the FTZ Out-Gates as
conventional cargoes. No Customs supervision is required for the unstuffing of such
containers in the FTZ.

A. Policies
1. Human Resource Policy
2. Personnel Plan
3. Compensation Requirements
4. Motivation system
5. Training Requirements

A. Paperwork
1. Government Registration as Importer or Exporter in your Country
How to Set up an Exporting Business in the Philippines
To set up an exporting business, you have to register with the Department of Trade and
Industry (DTI) if it is a sole proprietorship. Partnership and Corporations have to be
registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). You also need to
register with the city or the municipality where you intend to operate the business as
well as with the Bureau of Internal Revenue.
However, even before operating your business, make sure first that the basic elements
of a viable export enterprise are present. These are:
* Organization Readiness Management is willing to commit resources of the
enterprise.
* Product Readiness Product meets foreign buyers requirements in both quality and
price.
General Export Procedures
1. Upon receipt of a purchase order from a foreign buyer, immediately send him a
proforma invoice for confirmation. An order is confirmed when the proforma invoice is
signed and returned to you by the buyer.
2. Payment for exports is normally made through the banks. The foreign buyers interest
in the Philippines is represented by a local authorized agent bank, which is designated
by the foreign buyers bank. The local Authorized Agent Bank (AAB) will assist you in
negotiating the collection of the payment for your exports.
3. The AAB will explain to you all the instructions concerning your shipment to ensure its
acceptability for payment. Make sure that you understand all the instructions provided
by the bank. If the instructions are written in a foreign language, ask the bank to give
you an official translation in English or ask the bank to officially recognize a translation
of the instructions, if the translation was made by someone other than the bank.
4. Exporters may be paid through banks by means of letters of credit (L/C), documents
against payment (D/P), documents against acceptance (D/A), open account (O/A), cash
against documents (CAD), prepayment/export advance, inter-company open account,
offset arrangement, consignment, or telegraphic transfer.
5. You may or may not need outside financing to produce export products ordered by
the buyer. Should you, however, find the need for outside financing, you can either tap
the assistance of government or non-government financial institutions.

Export Documentation
1. When you are ready to ship, fill up an Export Declaration (ED) form. Sample ED
forms are available at BETP, DTI Provincial offices, BOC Processing Units, OSEDCs
and PHILEXPORT offices.
2. Secure an export commodity clearance/export permit from the proper government
commodity office, if your product is included in the list of regulated products for
exportation or if the buyer requires.
3. With the required supporting documents, submit the accomplished ED form to the
BOC Processing Unit for the approval of the Authority to Load (AL).
Sending Sample Shipments
Follow steps 1, 2, and 3, of Export Documentation.
Loading in Manila
Cargoes to be transported by air are inspected by the BOC at the NAIA. Conventional
cargoes, whether containerized or non-containerized, to be transported by ship are
inspected by the Customs Container Control Division and the Piers and Inspection
division, respectively, after payment of the wharfage fee and arrastre charges.
Wharfage fee and arrastre services may be paid at South Harbor or MICP.
However, for BOI and PEZA registered companies, stamping or exemption from
payment of wharfage fee may be done at the PPA Unit of OSEDC-Manila at Roxas
Boulevard. Loading can either be at the North or South Harbor.
Loading at Provincial Ports
Documentation (steps 1-3) may be done in Manila. After approval of the Authority to
Load, BOC sends message to BOC at the Port of Loading.
You can also process documents and secure Authority to Load from the local OSEDC
(now in Clark, Davao, Baguio, General Santos, Iloilo, Cebu, Cagayan de Oro, and Subic
Bay Special Economic Freeport Zone).
After loading, the BOC issues the following documents upon request:
1. Certificate of Origin, Form A (for export products covered by the Generalized System
of Preferences (GSP). You can inquire about the GSP from DTI Bureau of International
Trade Relations or Bureau of customs.
2. General Certificate of Origin (for export products not availing of preferences under
GSP).
3. Certificate of Origin, Form D (for export products covered by the ASEAN Common
Effective Preferential Tariff Scheme).
4. Certificate of Shipment.
Furnish the AAB, for record purposes, a copy of the duly accomplished ED form
together with other shipping documents, if export negotiation or payment is coursed
through them.
For shipments that are prepaid, send the original commercial and shipping documents
to the buyer.

2. Government Registration in the Country of Destination, if required

Imports In General
To import goods into Singapore, you are required to make a declaration to Singapore
Customs. Goods and Services Tax (GST) is payable on non-dutiable goods. Both GST
and duty are payable for dutiable goods if these goods are imported for local
consumption.
How to Import Your Goods?

As an importer,
you will need
to first determine
if duty and/or GST payment should be made when your goods enter Singapore:
Duty and/or GST are suspended when goods remain inside a FTZ
Duty and/or GST are payable if goods are released directly for local circulation
When goods are moved from a FTZ or entry point into a Customs licensed premises
(such as zero-GST warehouses or licensed warehouses), duty and/or GST will be
suspended as long as the goods are stored in the licensed premises
Duty and/or GST are not payable for goods granted duty exemption or GST relief or
those imported under the Temporary Import Scheme under Singapore Customs or the
relevant Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS) schemes:
Major Exporter Scheme (MES)
Approved Import GST Suspension Scheme (AISS)
Import GST Deferment Scheme (IGDS)
To account for the entry of your goods, please follow the steps below to obtain the
relevant import permits and authorisation (if the goods are subject to control) from the
relevant Competent Authorities.

Step 1- Register for UEN and Activate Customs Account

An entity that intends to:
Engage in import or export activities in Singapore, or
Apply for import, export and transhipment permits or certificates will need to:
- Register with the Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) or the
relevant Unique Entity Number (UEN) issuance agency to obtain a UEN; and
- Activate its Customs Account

Step 2- Check If Your Goods Are Controlled

Do check if the goods you intend to import are controlled goods or goods subject to
restrictions by Competent Authorities (CAs) in Singapore.
You may search using the description of the goods, Harmonized System (HS) code or
CA product code. If the item is subject to control, the name of the CA will be indicated
next to its HS code. You may check directly with the respective CAs on their licensing
requirements.
If you require advice on the full 8-digit HS code of the product, you may apply for an
official classification ruling at a fee of S$75 per product. Please note our classification
rulings are only applicable for use within Singapore.

Step 3- Register for Inter-Bank GIRO Account

An Inter-Bank GIRO (IBG) account with Singapore Customs is required for the direct
payment of duties, GST or other miscellaneous fees.
Submit the completed original copy of the IBG form to:
Head, Procedures & Systems
Singapore Customs
55 Newton Road #07-02
Revenue House
Singapore 307987
Once the IBG account is approved, you may e-file to authorise your declaring agent to
deduct the payment directly from your IBG account. If you do not maintain an IBG
account with Singapore Customs, the duties and GST will be deducted from the
declaring agents account.
Step 4- Furnish Security
You are required to furnish security for transactions involving dutiable goods, temporary
import of goods for approved purposes, and for the operation of licensed premises such
as licensed warehouses and excise factories.
The security furnished should be in the form of a bank or finance company guarantee or
an insurance bond.
Step 5- Apply For Customs Import Permit

You may:

Appoint a declaring agent to apply for customs permits on your behalf; or

Apply for customs permits for your own or on behalf of your clients. To do so, you
will need to register as a declaring agent and apply for a TradeNet user ID.

All permit applications must be submitted via TradeNet, which is accessible through:

TradeNet front-end software from an approved software vendor; or

Government Front-End module

Each permit application typically costs S$2.88. If you are engaging a declaring agent for
assistance in declaring the permit, you may wish to check with your appointed agent on
the charges involved.

Step 6- Prepare Documents for Cargo Clearance

Approved permits are issued with a validity period. You should ensure the validity of the
permit presented for goods clearance. For imports of containerised cargo, the container
number and shipper seal number are required when applying for a permit.

a) Documents Required for Containerised Cargo

For import of containerised cargo by sea, you are not required to present the printed
copy of the customs permit and supporting documents to the checkpoint officers at the
entry points.

For import of containerised cargo by air or land, you are required to produce the permit
and supporting documents such as invoice, packing list and Bill of Lading/Air Waybill, to
the checkpoint officers for verification.

An example of conditions in the permit indicating this requirement:

The goods and this permit with invoices, BL/AWB, etc must be produced for
A1
Customs clearance/ endorsement at a Free Trade Zone "In" Gate.

The goods must be produced with this permit, invoices, BL/AWB, etc for
A3 Customs endorsement at an Airport Customs checkpoint or designated
Customs office or station as required.

The goods and this permit with invoices, BL/AWB, etc must be produced for
H1 Customs clearance / endorsement at Woodlands Checkpoint / Tuas
Checkpoint.

b) Documents Required for Conventional Cargo

For conventional cargo, please present the goods, printed copy of the customs permit,
and supporting documents such as invoice, packing list and Bill of Lading/Air Waybill, to
the checkpoint officers at the time of cargo clearance for verification.

An example of conditions in the permit indicating this requirement:

A1 The goods and this permit with invoices, BL/AWB, etc must be produced for
 Customs clearance/ endorsement at a Free Trade Zone "In" Gate.

The goods must be produced with this permit, invoices, BL/AWB, etc for
A3 Customs endorsement at an Airport Customs checkpoint or designated
Customs office or station as required.

The goods and this permit with invoices, BL/AWB, etc must be produced for
H1 Customs clearance / endorsement at Woodlands Checkpoint / Tuas
Checkpoint.

For a consignment which requires partial clearance, the same permit should be
presented each time for endorsement till the whole consignment is completely cleared.
Please note partial clearance is not allowed for goods brought in via Woodlands and
Tuas checkpoints.

Step 7- Retain Your Trade Documents

Generally, you are required to retain the relevant supporting documents relating to the
purchase, import, sale or export of the goods for a period of 5 years from the date of the
customs permit approval.
These documents can be stored as physical hardcopies or as images. You are required
to produce these supporting documents to Singapore Customs upon request.

3. Requirements to International Trade Contract

ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)

In 1999, ASEAN member economies established the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)
which seeks to encourage and deepen their commitments in trade, investment, and
industrial cooperation as well as increase ASEANs competitive edge as a production
base in the world market. All ASEAN countries committed to reduce intra-regional tariffs,
through the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) Scheme for AFTA, to 0-5
percent within a 15-year time period beginning in 1993. Once achieved, AFTA will
further stimulate regional economic growth and subsequently raise the incomes of its
member states.

At present, more than 99 percent of products listed in the CEPT Inclusion List (IL) of
ASEAN-6 have been brought down by the Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia,
Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand to the 0-5 percent tariff range. Meanwhile, Myanmar,
Viet Nam, Laos and Cambodia, were able to bring down tariffs of almost 80 percent of
their products in the CEPT ILS.

ASEAN

The Philippines is a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN),

which was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand with its original
members, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Brunei
Darussalam, Viet Nam, Lao PDR and Myanmar later joined making up what is today
the ten Member States of ASEAN.
In 1992, the ASEAN Member States signed the ASEAN Free Trade (AFTA) Agreement.
AFTA covers trade in goods, trade in services, investment and other areas of
cooperation.

To date, ASEAN has concluded free trade agreements (FTAs) with China, Korea, Japan,
Australia, New Zealand, and India.

ASEAN Plus Six (ASEAN +6)

The ASEAN Plus Six (ASEAN +6) is an economic partnership of the 10 members of the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations and Australia, China, India, Japan, New
Zealand, and South Korea, to promote cooperation in energy, foods, and to accelerate
economic growth. The regional framework took shape at the First East Asia Summit in
December 2005, expanding the ASEAN Plus Three (ASEAN plus China, Japan, and
South Korea) that was created to promote regional cooperation to address issues in the
region such as the Asian currency crisis in 1997.

ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA)

The ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA) seeks to establish a single market and
production base with free flow of goods in the ASEAN region, a major component of the
 ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). It was signed by ASEAN member states in
February 2009 and entered into force in May 2010. The ATIGA is an enhancement of
the Agreement on Common Effective Preferential Tariff of the ASEAN Free Trade Area
(CEPT-AFTA) scheme.

With the coming into force of ATIGA, Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore and Thailand have eliminated intra-ASEAN import duties on
99.56 percent of their tariff lines, while Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Viet Nam
have reduced their import duties to 0-5 percent on 98.86 percent of their tariff lines.

4. Customs and Transport Documents Requirements

Philippine Export Documentation, Shipping, and Logistics
When preparing to ship a product overseas, the exporter needs to be aware of packing,
labeling, documentation, and insurance requirements. Because the goods are being
shipped by unknown carriers to distant customers, the new exporter must be sure to
follow all shipping requirements to help ensure that the merchandise is

packed correctly so that it arrives in good condition;

labeled correctly to ensure that the goods are handled properly and arrive on
time and at the right place;

documented correctly to meet local and foreign government requirements as well

as proper collection standards; and

insured against damage, loss, and pilferage and, in some cases, delay.

Because of the variety of considerations involved in the physical export process, most
exporters, both new and experienced, rely on an international freight forwarder to
perform these services.
FREIGHT FORWARDERS
The international freight forwarder acts as an agent for the exporter in moving cargo to
the overseas destination. These agents are familiar with the import rules and
regulations of foreign countries, methods of shipping, government export regulations,
and the documents connected with foreign trade.
Freight forwarders can assist with an order from the start by advising the exporter of the
freight costs, port charges, consular fees, cost of special documentation, and insurance
costs as well as their handling fees - all of which help in preparing price quotations.
Freight forwarders may also recommend the type of packing for best protecting the
 merchandise in transit; they can arrange to have the merchandise packed at the port or
containerized. The cost for their services is a legitimate export cost that should be
figured into the price charged to the customer.
When the order is ready to ship, freight forwarders should be able to review the letter of
credit, commercial invoices, packing list, and so on to ensure that everything is in order.
They can also reserve the necessary space on board an ocean vessel, if the exporter
desires.
If the cargo arrives at the port of export and the exporter has not already done so,
freight forwarders may make the necessary arrangements with customs brokers to
ensure that the goods comply with customs export documentation regulations. In
addition, they may have the goods delivered to the carrier in time for loading. They may
also prepare the bill of lading and any special required documentation. After shipment,
they forward all documents directly to the customer or to the paying bank if desired.
PACKING
In packing an item for export, the shipper should be aware of the demands that
exporting puts on a package. Four problems must be kept in mind when an export
shipping crate is being designed: breakage, weight, moisture, and pilferage.
Most general cargo is carried in containers, but some is still shipped as breakbulk
cargo. Besides the normal handling encountered in domestic transportation, a breakbulk
shipment moving by ocean freight may be loaded aboard vessels in a net or by a sling,
conveyor, chute, or other method, putting added strain on the package. In the ship's
hold, goods may be stacked on top of one another or come into violent contact with
other goods during the voyage. Overseas, handling facilities may be less sophisticated
than in your country and the cargo may be dragged, pushed, rolled, or dropped during
unloading, while moving through customs, or in transit to the final destination.
Moisture is a constant problem because cargo is subject to condensation even in the
hold of a ship equipped with air conditioning and a dehumidifier. The cargo may also be
unloaded in the rain, and some foreign ports do not have covered storage facilities. In
addition, unless the cargo is adequately protected, theft and pilferage are constant
threats.
Since proper packing is essential in exporting, often the buyer specifies packing
requirements. If the buyer does not so specify, be sure the goods are prepared with the
following considerations in mind:

Pack in strong containers, adequately sealed and filled when possible.

To provide proper bracing in the container, regardless of size, make sure the
weight is evenly distributed.

Goods should be packed in oceangoing containers, if possible, or on pallets to

ensure greater ease in handling. Packages and packing filler should be made of
moisture-resistant material.
 To avoid pilferage, avoid mentioning contents or brand names on packages. In
addition, strapping, seals, and shrink wrapping are effective means of deterring theft.

One popular method of shipment is the use of containers obtained from carriers or
private leasing concerns. These containers vary in size, material, and construction and
can accommodate most cargo, but they are best suited for standard package sizes and
shapes. Some containers are no more than semi-truck trailers lifted off their wheels and
placed on a vessel at the port of export. They are then transferred to another set of
wheels at the port of import for movement to an inland destination. Refrigerated and
liquid bulk containers are readily available.

Normally, air shipments require less heavy packing than ocean shipments, but they
must still be adequately protected, especially if highly pilferable items are packed in
domestic containers. In many instances, standard domestic packing is acceptable,
especially if the product is durable and there is no concern for display packaging. In
other instances, high-test (at least 250 pounds per square inch) cardboard or tri-wall
construction boxes are more than adequate.

For both ocean and air shipments, freight forwarders and carriers can advise on the
best packaging. Marine insurance companies are also available for consultation. It is
recommended that a professional firm be hired to package for export if the exporter is
not equipped for the task. This service is usually provided at a moderate cost.

Finally, because transportation costs are determined by volume and weight, special
reinforced and lightweight packing materials have been devised for exporting. Care in
packing goods to minimize volume and weight while giving strength may well save
money while ensuring that goods are properly packed.

LABELING
Specific marking and labeling is used on export shipping cartons and containers to
meet shipping regulations,
ensure proper handling,
conceal the identity of the contents, and
help receivers identify shipments.
The overseas buyer usually specifies export marks that should appear on the cargo for
easy identification by receivers. Many markings may be needed for shipment. Exporters
need to put the following markings on cartons to be shipped:

Shipper's mark.
 Country of origin (exporters' country).

Weight marking (in pounds and in kilograms).

Number of packages and size of cases (in inches and centimeters).

Handling marks (international pictorial symbols).

Cautionary markings, such as "This Side Up" or "Use No Hooks" (in English and
in the language of the country of destination).

Port of entry.

Labels for hazardous materials (universal symbols adapted by the International

Maritime Organization).

Legibility is extremely important to prevent misunderstandings and delays in shipping.

Letters are generally stenciled onto packages and containers in waterproof ink.
Markings should appear on three faces of the container, preferably on the top and on
the two ends or the two sides. Old markings must be completely removed.
In addition to port marks, customer identification code, and indication of origin, the
marks should include the package number, gross and net weights, and dimensions. If
more than one package is being shipped, the total number of packages in the shipment
should be included in the markings. The exporter should also include any special
handling instructions on the package. It is a good idea to repeat these instructions in the
language of the country of destination. Standard international shipping and handling
symbols should also be used.
Exporters may find that customs regulations regarding freight labeling are strictly
enforced; for example, most countries require that the country of origin be clearly
labeled on each imported package. Most freight forwarders and export packing
specialists can supply necessary information regarding specific regulations.
DOCUMENTATION
Exporters should seriously consider having the freight forwarder handle the formidable
amount of documentation that exporting requires; freight forwarders are specialists in
this process. The following documents are commonly used in exporting; which of them
are actually used in each case depends on the requirements of both our government
and the government of the importing country.
* Commercial invoice. As in a domestic transaction, the commercial invoice is a bill for
the goods from the buyer to the seller. A commercial invoice should include basic
information about the transaction, including a description of the goods, the address of
the shipper and seller, and the delivery and payment terms. The buyer needs the
invoice to prove ownership and to arrange payment. Some governments use the
commercial invoice to assess customs duties.
* Bill of lading. Bills of lading are contracts between the owner of the goods and the
carrier (as with domestic shipments). There are two types. A straight bill of lading is
nonnegotiable. A negotiable or shipper's order bill of lading can be bought, sold, or
traded while goods are in transit and is used for letter-of-credit transactions. The
customer usually needs the original or a copy as proof of ownership to take possession
of the goods.
* Consular invoice. Certain nations require a consular invoice, which is used to control
and identify goods. The invoice must be purchased from the consulate of the country to
which the goods are being shipped and usually must be prepared in the language of
that country.
* Certificate of origin. Certain nations require a signed statement as to the origin of the
export item. Such certificates are usually obtained through a semiofficial organization
such as a local chamber of commerce. A certificate may be required even though the
commercial invoice contains the information.
* Inspection certification. Some purchasers and countries may require a certificate of
inspection attesting to the specifications of the goods shipped, usually performed by a
third party. Inspection certificates are often obtained from independent testing
organizations.
* Dock receipt and warehouse receipt. These receipts are used to transfer
accountability when the export item is moved by the domestic carrier to the port of
embarkation and left with the international carrier for export.
* Destination control statement. This statement appears on the commercial invoice,
ocean or air waybill of lading, and SED to notify the carrier and all foreign parties that
the item may be exported only to certain destinations.
* Insurance certificate. If the seller provides insurance, the insurance certificate states
the type and amount of coverage. This instrument is negotiable.
* Export license. (when needed).
* Export packing list. Considerably more detailed and informative than a standard
domestic packing list, an export packing list itemizes the material in each individual
package and indicates the type of package: box, crate, drum, carton, and so on. It
shows the individual net, legal, tare, and gross weights and measurements for each
package . Package markings should be shown along with the shipper's and buyer's
references. The packing list should be attached to the outside of a package in a
waterproof envelope marked "packing list enclosed." The list is used by the shipper or
forwarding agent to determine (1) the total shipment weight and volume and (2) whether
the correct cargo is being shipped. In addition, customs officials (both local and foreign)
may use the list to check the cargo.
Documentation must be precise. Slight discrepancies or omissions may prevent
merchandise from being exported, result in exporting firms not getting paid, or even
result in the seizure of the exporter's goods by local or foreign government customs.
Collection documents are subject to precise time limits and may not be honored by a
bank if out of date. Much of the documentation is routine for freight forwarders or
 customs brokers acting on the firm's behalf, but the exporter is ultimately responsible for
the accuracy of the documentation.
The number of documents the exporter must deal with varies depending on the
destination of the shipment. Because each country has different import regulations, the
exporter must be careful to provide proper documentation. If the exporter does not rely
on the services of a freight forwarder, there are several methods of obtaining
information on foreign import restrictions:

Foreign government embassies and consulates can often provide information on

import regulations.

The Air Cargo Tariff Guidebook lists country-by-country regulations affecting air
shipments. Other information includes tariff rules and rates, transportation charges, air
waybill information, and special carrier regulations. Contact the Air Cargo Tariff, P.O.
Box 7627, 1117 ZJ Schiphol Airport, Netherlands.

The National Council on International Trade Documentation (NCITD) provides

several low-cost publications that contain information on specific documentation
commonly used in international trade. NCITD provides a free listing of its publications.
Contact National Council on International Trade Documentation, 350 Broadway, Suite
1200, New York, NY 10013; telephone 212-925-1400.

SHIPPING

The handling of transportation is similar for domestic orders and export orders. The
export marks should be added to the standard information shown on a domestic bill of
lading and should show the name of the exporting carrier and the latest allowed arrival
date at the port of export. The exporter should also include instructions for the inland
carrier to notify the international freight forwarder by telephone on arrival.

International shipments are increasingly being made on a through bill of lading under a
multimodal contract. The multimodal transport operator (frequently one of the modal
carriers) takes charge of and responsibility for the entire movement from factory to the
final destination.

When determining the method of international shipping, the exporter may find it useful
to consult with a freight forwarder. Since carriers are often used for large and bulky
shipments, the exporter should reserve space on the carrier well before actual shipment
date (this reservation is called the booking contract).

The exporter should consider the cost of shipment, delivery schedule, and accessibility
to the shipped product by the foreign buyer when determining the method of
international shipping. Although air carriers are more expensive, their cost may be offset
by lower domestic shipping costs (because they may use a local airport instead of a
coastal seaport) and quicker delivery times. These factors may give the exporter an
edge over other competitors, whose service to their accounts may be less timely.

Before shipping, the firm should be sure to check with the foreign buyer about the
destination of the goods. Buyers often wish the goods to be shipped to a free-trade
zone or a free port where goods are exempt from import duties.

INSURANCE

Export shipments are usually insured against loss, damage, and delay in transit by
cargo insurance. For international shipments, the carrier's liability is frequently limited by
international agreements and the coverage is substantially different from domestic
coverage. Arrangements for cargo insurance may be made by either the buyer or the
seller, depending on the terms of sale. Exporters are advised to consult with
international insurance carriers or freight forwarders for more information.

Damaging weather conditions, rough handling by carriers, and other common hazards
to cargo make marine insurance important protection for exporters. If the terms of sale
make the firm responsible for insurance, it should either obtain its own policy or insure
cargo under a freight forwarder's policy for a fee. If the terms of sale make the foreign
buyer responsible, the exporter should not assume (or even take the buyer's word) that
adequate insurance has been obtained. If the buyer neglects to obtain coverage or
obtains too little, damage to the cargo may cause a major financial loss to the exporter.

A. Partnerships
1. Requirements to Foreign Partners and/or Distributors- check
2. Industrial, Government and International Institutions Providing Assistance in
International Business
Department of Trade and Industry
Philippine National Trade Repository
Securities and Exchange Commission
Investment Promotions Group
Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA)
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)

3. Financial Institutions in Your Home Country and Target Country Providing

Assistance in International Business
Philippines
Asian Development Bank
AsianBank Corporation
Bancnet
Asiatrust Bank
 Bank of the Philippine Islands
BPI Family Bank
Citibank
Equitable Bank
Far East Bank and Trust Company
First Commercial Bank
First People's Bank
International Exchange Bank
Land Bank of the Philippines
Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company
Philippine Banking Corporation
PCI Bank
Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation
Philippine National Bank
Prudential Bank
Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation
Security Bank
Solid Bank
TA Bank of the Philippines
Traders Royal Bank
Union Bank
United Coconut Planters Bank
Urban Bank

Singapore
AFC Merchant Bank
DBS Bank Limited
Hong Leong Finance Limited
The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
IFS Capital Limited
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
Malayan Banking Berhad (Maybank)
Mizuho Bank, Limited
ORIX Leasing Singapore Limited
Standard Chartered Bank
Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation Ltd (OCBC Bank)
Standard Chartered Bank
United Overseas Bank Limited
4. Private Institutions in Your Home Country and Target Country Providing
Assistance in International Business
Philippines
Philippine Exporters Confederation Inc
Philippine Export-Import Credit Agency

A. List the top three problems your product/service is addressing

1. Singapore Liquor Law
2.
A. What are the top three features of your product/service
1. Made with actual fruit and has only 27% alcohol content.
2. It supports local Filipino farmers.
3. It can be used for cooking various dishes not just solely for drinking.

A. International Marketing Objectives

1. To increase sales by 20% within 18 months.
2. To enter new markets internationally and promote Filipino local product.
3. To improve stakeholders relations by establishing international partnerships and
alliances.

B. Customer Segments
Who are the target customers? Describe the target market (e.g. age, income level,
population estimate, other specific demographic and economic information),
customer buying behavior related to the proposed product/service
C. Unique Value Proposition
Find pleasure every work night with the drink that's light
D. Competitive Advantage

E. Product
Product/Service Adaptation Requirements
Production Process Modification Requirements
Compliance Requirements
Singapore Beverage Alcohol Labeling Requirements

Translation Requirements
- All imported products should be labelled in English.

F. Price
Pricing Strategy
Currency Requirements
Currency Import regulations:
Local currency (Singapore Dollar-SGD) and foreign currencies: no limit. However,
amounts exceeding SGD 20,000.- (or equivalent)(incl. traveler cheque, bearer
cheque, bill of exchange, promissory note) should be declared on arrival.
Currency Export regulations:
Local currency (Singapore Dollar-SGD) and foreign currencies: no limit. However,
amounts exceeding SGD 20,000.- (or equivalent)(incl. traveler cheque, bearer
cheque, bill of exchange, promissory note) should be declared on departure.
Tax and Customs Duties and Activities
How to Import Alcohol?
Only licensed traders with an Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore (AVA)
license can import alcohol into Singapore. When importing the alcohol (e.g. wine, liquor,
beer), the licensed trader have to apply for a customs import permit so that when the
alcohol reached Singapore, the document will ease the customs clearance process and
the product can be distributed into the local market for consumption.

How to Calculate Alcohol Import Duties?

Duties amount payable = Total quantity amount (litres) X Percentage of Alcoholic
Strength X Customs and/or Excise Duty Rate
Organisation ABC imports 100 litres of beer with alcoholic strength of 5%.
Assume customs duties rates and excise duties rates is S$16 and S$60 per litre of
alcohol respectively:
Duties amount payable = 100 x 5% x (S$16 + 60) = S$380
G. Promotion
Target audience
Marketing Channels and Activities
H. Place
Target Country- Singapore
Shipping Mode

All goods imported into Singapore are regulated under the Customs Act, the Goods and
Services Tax (GST) Act and the Regulation of Imports and Exports Act.

Imported goods are subject to GST and/or duty payment. A Customs permit is required
to account for the import and tax payment of the goods.

Dutiable goods, which incur both GST and duty, are:

Intoxicating liquors

Tobacco products

Motor vehicles

Petroleum products

Ad valorem or specific duty rates may be applied for dutiable goods.

All other goods are non-dutiable and incur GST only. GST is levied at 7% of the CIF
(cost, insurance and freight) value, which includes duties (if it is a dutiable good) and
other charges, costs and expenses incidental to the sale and delivery of the goods into
Singapore, whether or not shown on the invoice.
Shipping Requirements
Liquor Products
You can enjoy any one of the following options only if:
You are 18 years old or above;
You have spent 48 hours or more outside Singapore immediately before arrival;
You are not arriving from Malaysia; and
The liquors are not prohibited from import into Singapore.

Option Spirits Wine Beer

A 1 Litre 1 Litre 1 Litre

B - 2 Litres 1 Litre

C - 1 Litre 2 Litres

These options are also applicable for liquors consumed for health reasons and used in
cooking such as D.O.M., Yomeishu, samsoo, rice wine and cooking wine.

Important Notes:

Duty-free concessions are granted on liquor products purchased outside

Singapore as well as those purchased at DFS Singapore.

Bona fide crew members are granted duty-free concession on 0.25 litre of spirits
and 1 litre of wine or 1 litre of beer.

Duty-free concessions are granted on liquor products for your personal

consumption only. It is an offence to sell or give them away.

There is no duty-free concession on liquor products for people arriving from

Malaysia.
 Travellers are required to pay the taxes on liquor products exceeding their duty-
free concession and on goods carried for or on behalf of other persons. More
information on the duty rates imposed here.

List of Dutiable Goods

Please refer to the table below for the list of dutiable goods and the respective duty
rates imposed on the goods.

HS Product Description Duty Rates

Code

Customs Excise
Duty Duty

21069061 Alcoholic preparations in liquid form, as raw Nil $88.00 per

material for making composite concentrates, of a litre of
kind used for the manufacture of alcoholic alcohol*
beverages

21069062 Alcoholic preparations in other forms, as raw Nil $113.00 per

material for making composite concentrates, of a kgm*
kind used for the manufacture of alcoholic
beverages

21069064 Alcoholic composite concentrates in liquid form, Nil $88.00 per

for simple dilution with water, of a kind used for litre of
the manufacture of alcoholic beverages alcohol*

21069065 Alcoholic composite concentrates in other forms, Nil $113.00 per

for simple dilution with water, of a kind used for kgm*
the manufacture of alcoholic beverages

21069066 Other alcoholic preparations in liquid form, of a Nil $88.00 per

kind used for the manufacture of alcoholic litre of
HS Product Description Duty Rates
Code

Customs Excise
Duty Duty

beverages alcohol*

21069067 Other alcoholic preparations in other forms, of a Nil $113.00 per

kind used for the manufacture of alcoholic kgm*
beverages

22030010 Stout or porter $16.00 per $60.00 per

litre of alcohol litre of
alcohol*

22030090 Other beer, including ale $16.00 per $60.00 per

litre of alcohol litre of
alcohol*

22041000 Sparkling wine Nil $88.00 per

litre of
alcohol*

22042111 Wine of fresh grapes, not over 15% alc/vol, in Nil $88.00 per
containers of 2l or less litre of
alcohol*

22042113 Wine of fresh grapes, over 15% but not over 23% Nil $88.00 per
alc/vol, in containers of 2l or less litre of
alcohol*

22042114 Wine of fresh grapes, over 23% alc/vol, in Nil $88.00 per
HS Product Description Duty Rates
Code

Customs Excise
Duty Duty

containers of 2l or less litre of

alcohol*

22042121 Grape must with fermentation prevented or Nil $88.00 per

arrested by addition of alcohol, not over 15% litre of
alc/vol, in containers of 2l or less alcohol*

22042122 Grape must with fermentation prevented or Nil $88.00 per

arrested by addition of alcohol, over 15% alc/vol, litre of
in containers of 2l or less alcohol*

22042911 Wine of fresh grapes, not over 15% alc/vol, in Nil $88.00 per
containers of more than 2l litre of
alcohol*

22042913 Wine of fresh grapes, over 15% but not over 23% Nil $88.00 per
alc/vol, in containers of more than 2l litre of
alcohol*

22042914 Wine of fresh grapes, over 23% alc/vol, in Nil $88.00 per
containers of more than 2l litre of
alcohol*

22042921 Grape must with fermentation prevented or Nil $88.00 per

arrested by addition of alcohol, not over 15% litre of
alc/vol, in containers of more than 2l alcohol*
HS Product Description Duty Rates
Code

Customs Excise
Duty Duty

22042922 Grape must with fermentation prevented or Nil $88.00 per

arrested by addition of alcohol, over 15% alc/vol, litre of
in containers of more than 2l alcohol*

22043010 Other grape must, not over 15% alc/vol Nil $88.00 per
litre of
alcohol*

22043020 Other grape must, over 15% alc/vol Nil $88.00 per
litre of
alcohol*

22051010 Vermouth & other wine of fresh grape flavoured Nil $88.00 per
with plants or aromatic substances, not over 15% litre of
alc/vol, in containers of 2l or less alcohol*

22051020 Vermouth & other wine of fresh grape flavoured Nil $88.00 per
with plants or aromatic substances, over 15% litre of
alc/vol, in containers of 2l or less alcohol*

22059010 Vermouth & other wine of fresh grape flavoured Nil $88.00 per
with plants or aromatic substances, not over 15% litre of
alc/vol, in containers of more than 2l alcohol*

22059020 Vermouth & other wine of fresh grape flavoured Nil $88.00 per
with plants or aromatic substances, over 15% litre of
alc/vol, in containers of more than 2l alcohol*
HS Product Description Duty Rates
Code

Customs Excise
Duty Duty

22060010 Cider & perry Nil $60.00 per

litre of
alcohol*

22060020 Sake Nil $88.00 per

litre of
alcohol*

22060030 Toddy Nil $88.00 per

litre of
alcohol*

22060040 Shandy Nil $60.00 per

litre of
alcohol*

22060091 Other rice wine Nil $88.00 per

litre of
alcohol*

22060099 Other fermented beverages, mixtures of Nil $88.00 per

fermented beverages & mixtures of fermented litre of
beverages with non-alcoholic beverages alcohol*

22071000 Undenatured ethyl alcohol, of alcoholic strength Nil $88.00 per

by vol of 80% or more litre of
alcohol*
HS Product Description Duty Rates
Code

Customs Excise
Duty Duty

22082050 Brandy obtained by distilling grape wine or grape Nil $88.00 per
marc litre of
alcohol*

22082090 Other spirits obtained by distilling grape wine or Nil $88.00 per
grape marc litre of
alcohol*

22083000 Whiskies Nil $88.00 per

litre of
alcohol*

22084000 Rum & other spirits distilled from fermented Nil $88.00 per
sugar-cane products litre of
alcohol*

22085000 Gin & Geneva Nil $88.00 per

litre of
alcohol*

22086000 Vodka Nil $88.00 per

litre of
alcohol*

22087000 Liqueurs & cordials Nil $88.00 per

litre of
alcohol*
HS Product Description Duty Rates
Code

Customs Excise
Duty Duty

22089010 Medicated samsu, not over 40% alc/vol $8.00 per litre $88.00 per
of alcohol litre of
alcohol*

22089020 Medicated samsu, over 40% alc/vol $8.00 per litre $88.00 per
of alcohol litre of
alcohol*

22089030 Other samsu, not over 40% alc/vol $8.00 per litre $88.00 per
of alcohol litre of
alcohol*

22089040 Other samsu, over 40% alc/vol $8.00 per litre $88.00 per
of alcohol litre of
alcohol*

22089050 Arrack or pineapple spirit, not over 40% alc/vol Nil $88.00 per
litre of
alcohol*

22089060 Arrack or pineapple spirit, over 40% alc/vol Nil $88.00 per
litre of
alcohol*

22089070 Bitters & similar beverages, not over 57% alc/vol Nil $88.00 per
litre of
alcohol*
 HS Product Description Duty Rates
Code

Customs Excise
Duty Duty

22089080 Bitters & similar beverages, over 57% alc/vol Nil $88.00 per
litre of
alcohol*

22089090 Undenatured ethyl alcohol, of alcoholic strength Nil $88.00 per

by vol less than 80% & other spirituous litre of
beverages alcohol*

I. Payment
Payment Method

What is the revenue model/Sales Forecast