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Top 10 General Environmental Issues in

Pakistan
We should definitely like to see Pakistan without any environmental issue but currently there are lots of
challenges. As in fact we are growing at the rate of more than 8 percent in GDP and creating lots of economic
opportunities, this is also growing stress and implications on environment. The constant growth in
population is another massive challenge. As we grow economically, we have to decide at this pointin time that
we ensure better quality of life. At the end of the day, when we have more money but our quality of life suffers
and we cant breathe and drink pure water; then it is not worth it.Now the Government must show scores of
commitment to guarantee that as we grow, we also ensure that the quality of life of our citizens is made better

and we, as a country, might be called anenvironment friendly country. The government should announce
the National Environment Policy with considerably increase in the budget fo

r environment.

Let us have a look at some of our burning environmental issues.

1.Need for tree plantations in urban centres There is no doubt that planting
trees help in maintaining good environment. Trees in urban centres help clean environment and reduce
pollution. Islamabad, for instance, is one of most protected cities of the world with lot of vegetation and clean
healthy environment. So there is need to plant trees in other cities like Islamabad.

2. Cutting of forests A lot number of forest trees are being cut in northern areas for timber as
well as fuel wood. People must not cut trees and use wood as fuel. There are various biodiversities, climate
change and other environmental issues which are linked with forestry.

In 1992 Government announced a policy against forest cutting and the cutting of forest was banned but that
policy doesnt seem to have been successful. It is suggested that the government should pass legislation for a
sustainable harvesting of forest so that theres a controlled management plan through which forestry can be
saved. Local community also has to understand the value of forests.

3. Pollution from factories We need a cooperative compliance from the factories. The
Federation of Pakistan Chamber of Commerce and Industry (FPCCI) should take a lead in this regard. It is the
time to be strict with the industries that are not compliant. Now theres a lot of pressure on factories from law of
the land and from buyer because buyers are not buying from the parties who are not
meeting environmental criteria. After the implementation of WTO, we have to meet the environmental
standards and unless we do that we cannot export our goods abroad.
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4. Greenhouse effect & Pakistan The planet has been affected in current times with the
greenhouse gasses which is detrimental to maintaining life and sustainable environment on earth.Pakistan
is a very small contributor in greenhouse effect; Pakistan contributes only 0.2 % greenhouse gases of the
whole world.

Pakistan is very much aware about it and has taken lead on this issue at the international level. Pakistan is
party to the Kyoto Protocol, The Kyoto Protocol is a document signed by about 180 countries at Kyoto,
Japan, in December 1997. The protocol commits 38 industrialized countries to cut their emissions of
greenhouse gases between 2008 to 2012 to levels that are 5.2 per cent below 1990 levels. It is the
first environmental commodity of the world and the predictions of the World Bank are that this market is
going to be somewhere in the range of 5 to 10 billion dollars a year on exchange on this carbon emission.

5. Carbon monoxide emissions in Megacities Carbon monoxide emission levels in

Karachi and Lahore have considerably exceeded WHOs recommended levels. It however happens only
during crowded hours not 24 hours a day. We should be concerned about it and a Clean Air Program must be
initiated to ensure safe level carbon monoxide emissions especially in megacities.

6. High Pollution in Karachi One can see so much pollution (noise pollution air pollution) in
the city. The main difference is of population; Karachi is a very crowded city housing people from all parts of
the country. Besides other dilemmas, we have the problems of transport and industrial pollution because we
are economically growing very fast and all these issues arise from that. Karachis main issue is air and noise
pollution which again is linked with the increase in transport on the roads. Getting a car has become so easy
with the emergence of bank-leasing options. It is though a good sign as far as growing economy is concerned
but on the other side, due to lack of infrastructure, pollution issue has increased which is quite alarming. To
tackle the situation we need to develop a Clean Air Program. Major part of this program should include
converting public transport on to CNG and removing 2 strokes engines like rickshaws & converting them to 4
strokes engines etc.

7. Running of old vehicles on road It is also one of the causes of air pollution as these
cars are not discarded and thus add their share in increasing the pollution. The Clean Air Program should
also include old vehicle retiring program. In developed countries the older the car gets the more tax they have
to pay. This incentive urges them not to keep old vehicles on road. In Pakistan, low income groups keep old
vehicles that have no accurate standard of pollution controlling. We also need to strengthen the motor vehicle
testing program in which private sector should be invited to setup testing stations and it should be made
mandatory for cars to get fitness certificate every year without which they should not be allowed to come on
roads.
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8. Message for the youth This environmental movement is your movement and we can
fight environment degradation through a movement because of the young people of Pakistan. If we want to
make a better Pakistan for upcoming generation, youngsters, both male/female, should take part actively and
learn about the environmental issues and try to tackle the problems. One of the best solutions to
the environment is to change our bad habits of wastage of water, electricity and dispersal of garbage etc.

Lets think global but act local.

ISLAMABAD

Pollution Problems of Islamabad

Islamabad is known as the capital of Pakistan and the 9th largest city of the country with the mark of 1.5 million
population residing in the city. It is one of the most attractive and urbanized cities of Pakistan with the modern
and beautiful architecture and landscapes at the base of Margallah Hills. It features clammy subtropical
climate with warm and dry springs, hot and humid summers with the additional feature of Monson season. A
city having a huge number of inhabitants with their needs higher than the total resources of the city, also have
huge environmental and socio-economic problems.

Industrial productions generate the waste and by-products. Can u imagine how much waste Islamabad is
producing now? How much it is affecting the inhabitants of this city? One can just think and imagine.
According to the survey conducted by Pak EPA and CDA in 2004, the total waste produced from industries is
2,325.3 tons in 6 days and its average is 387.6 ton/day. If we imagine the amount and multiply it with 30 days
a month, considering the fact that it increases every month, we can conclude that the rate of waste production
increases, as the population increases.

The population boom calls for more resources, to fulfill the needs of the people, which result in increased
waste quantities. Presently, Islamabad looks like an industrial hub. Time to time, waste generation rate is
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increasing and creating lot of problems for the residents of Islamabad including health problems, aesthetic
problems and also pollution which is on the top of all the problems.

Health problems occurring and spreading fast in the city. Heavy traffic, smoke from the industries, and waste
from the industries are polluting the natural environment of Islamabad. Chemical industries do not have
environmental management plans to recycle their waste and they are putting the hazardous waste open into
the land that is mixing with the soil and causing the soil to drop it original fertile nature. The soil is
contaminated with the toxic materials that lead to the toxic crops for the residents of Islamabad, ending up in
several diseases.

Noise pollution is also making a mess in the city. As population grows, the need for transportation is also up
surged and I personally noticed that every other house in Islamabad is having up to two or three cars per
house. Therefore, we could clearly estimates that how much noise would have be generated and the residents
living along the main highways of Islamabad are having lot of problems due to this noise pollution

I noticed that global warming is also badly affecting this city. The uneven rainfall patterns, changes in the
occurrence of seasons, this all is due to the industrial and vehicles smoke they produce per day. Islamabad
received a record breaking 620 millimeters of rainfall in just 10 hours in back years.

Islamabad city possess beautiful and modern architectures, clean roads and proper waste management
systems in some of the sectors of Islamabad, created by the hard work of CDA. However, in the end I am
leaving my readers with a question. We see that all the residents and the authorities are working for the
development of Islamabad, but except for some sectors that have been developed; the rest of sectors seems
to be deeply underdeveloped and encounter bad pollution scenarios. Do you think those sectors are not the
part of Islamabad? Dont they need the best standard of healthy life as the other sectors have? Where is
the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997?

Environmental Problems In Rawalpindi And Islamabad

Islamabad the Capital of Pakistan, is the land of green lush grass covered grounds and sky kissing high
mountains of Margalla, Wide tree-lined streets, large houses, elegant public buildings and well organized
bazaars, Rawalpindi the joined twin city of Islamabad is showing the face of old traditions, narrow streets, old
architectural buildings. The two cities though very close but still have many features in different, like
landscaping, local transport, quality of town planning, etc.
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Environmental Problems

Like all other big cities these two cities house a huge population, beside many other reasons one reason being
the community of small cities shifting there to get settle and earn a handsome income because of
comparatively nice amount of employment opportunities. This increment of population by no means has an
end, and not only is growing in number but speed also. This is how the main cause of Environmental
problems in these cities is cited i.e. increment in population meaning increment in solid waste, increment in
waste water, increment in noise pollution etc.
1. Cutting of Forests
2. Pollution from Factories
3. Lowering of Ground Water Table
4. Pollution due to Increase in the Public and Private Transport
5. Increase of Solid Waste
6. Pollution from Hospital Waste
7. Behavioral Change Due to Environment
8. Conclusion

KARACHI
Karachi has many environmental issues, severely affecting its biophysical environment as well as human health.
The industrialization as well as lax environmental oversight have contributed to the problems. The various forms of
pollution have increased as Karachi which has caused widespread environmental and health problems. Air pollution,
lack of proper waste management infrastructure and degradation of water bodies are the major environmental
issues in Karachi.

POLLOUTION PROBLEMS OF KARACHI:

Coast Pollution

The Karachi coastline, which stretches over 135 km, is facing severe pollution due to a combination of industrial,
port, municipal, and transportation activities in the area. The coastline is being overwhelmed with water-borne
pollution being discharged in the shipping process into the marine environment. A recent study found that some of
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the marine life was contaminated with lead, which if consumed by humans through seafood, has been linked
to anemia, kidney failure and brain damage. In fact, the study also discovered that even the mangrove forests
protecting the feeder creeks from sea erosion as well as a source of sustenance for fishermen are threatened by
this pollution. In the Korangi Industrial Area, 2,500 industrial units including 170 tanneries dispose untreated waste
into the Arabian Sea.

Air pollution

The Air pollution is the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Common gaseous pollutants
include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide,chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and
motor vehicles. Photochemical ozone and smog are created as nitrogen oxides andhydrocarbons react to
sunlight. Particulate matter, or fine dust is characterized by their micrometre size PM10 to PM2.5. The air in Karachi is
rapidly polluted by automobile smoke, especially Rickshaws and Buses, industrial emissions, open burning of
garbage, house fires, and other particles but the government and environment organizations seems non-serious to
tackle the issue timely.

Rickshaws

The Two-stroke engine on rickshaws and motorcycles are one of the major polluters of air in Karachi and rest
of Pakistan. The two-stroke engines as well as defective or untuned vehicles are major polluters with carbon
dioxide emissions. Two-stroke engines as well as defective vehicles using substandard lubricant are major emitters
of sulfur dioxide and smoke. Automobiles operating on compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas are
major air polluters.

Light pollution

The Light pollution includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical interference.

Littering

Littering is the criminal throwing of inappropriate man-made objects, unremoved, onto public and private properties.
The Karachi Metropolitan Corporation have suffered due to mismanaged administrative and financial affairs and are
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now facing serious difficulties in discharging basic duties such as collection and disposal of municipal garbage from
important residential areas

Noise pollution

Noise pollution which encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high-intensity sonar.
The noise for Karachi came to 80 dB (A), the General Noise Index x (G.N.I.) to 460, and the noise pollution level
(N.P.L.) to 99 dB (A). These values are significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than the available international data.
The sources of noise production were identified as, the road traffic, human activity, industrial and civil works,
mechanical and engineering workshops. The most noticeable sources of noise pollution in Karachi, are the
autorickshaws, trail motor bikes and the fag horns of public transport.The noise emanating from a wide variety of
sources such as; Motorcycles, Auto-Rikshaws, Cars, Wagons, Mini-buses & Buses, Trucks, Tractors, Water tankers,
Bulldozers and Machine drills etc.

Soil contamination

Soil contamination occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground leakage. Among the most
significant soil contaminants are hydrocarbons, heavy metals, MTBE, herbicides, pesticides and chlorinated
hydrocarbons.

Naya Nazimabad Contamination

The Naya Nazimabad a neighbourhood of Karachi was developed on contaminated soil resulting in serious health
issues for the residents. There is has been coverup to downplay the contamination of Naya Nazimabad in
Pakistan's media. Shunaid Qureshi, developer of Naya Nazimabad, CEO Al Abbas Sugar Mills and former
Chairman of Pakistan Sugar Mills Association (PASMA) was arrested in January 2014.The Javedan Cement Limited
(JCL) was privatized and sold at very low prices of Rs. 4.3 billion ($43 million) to Haji Ghani and Shunaid Qureshi.
The new owners almost immediately stopped production, dismantled the cement factory and converted the 1,300
acres JCL land into Naya Nazimabad housing project worth over Rs. 100 billion ($1 billion).

Radioactive contamination

Radioactive contamination resulting from 20th century activities in atomic physics, such as nuclear power
generation and nuclear weapons research, manufacture and deployment. (See alpha emitters and actinides in the
environment). The Karachi Nuclear Power Complex is located 50 km from Karachi downtown. The KANUPP-1 is a
137 MW CANDU reactor. There are two 1100 MW each CAP1400 Nuclear reactors under construction. In
November 2013, Pakistan and China confirmed that CAP1400 Nuclear reactor, based on AP1000 Westinghouse
Electric Company Pressurized water reactor, will be built at Karachi. Questions are also raised about the design
model of the proposed Karachi power plants. It has been claimed that the design of the Karachi plants, the ACP-
I000, is still under development and thus untried and untested.

Thermal pollution

Thermal pollution is a temperature change in natural water bodies caused by human influence, such as use of water
as coolant in a power plant.
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Visual pollution

Visual pollution, which can refer to the presence of overhead power lines, motorway billboards,
scarred landforms (as from strip mining), open storage of trash,municipal solid waste or space debris. The Karachi
Metropolitan Corporation (KMC) has imposed a ban on installing new advertising billboards, signboards and other
hoardings in the metropolitan for the next three months. The decision was taken in a meeting of KMCs senior
officials after the corporation took notice of visual pollution blighting the landscape of the city. There are over 3,000
billboards in Karachi causing visual pollution.

Water pollution

Water pollution id by the discharge of wastewater from commercial and industrial waste (intentionally or through
spills) into surface waters; discharges of untreated domestic sewage, and chemical contaminants, such as chlorine,
from treated sewage; release of waste and contaminants into surface runoff flowing to surface waters
(including urban runoff and agricultural runoff, which may contain chemical fertilizers and pesticides); waste disposal
and leaching into groundwater;eutrophication and littering.

110 millions of gallons per day of raw, untreated water from the Indus River is mixed with treated water from
the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (KWSB)s water treatment plants, and this mixed water is supplied to the
city. The KWSB claims that this water is fit for consumption. The quantity of chlorine has also been increased to
ensure that all sorts of bacteria and germs are eliminated.

Karachi has drinking water pollution and inaccessibility. There is dissatisfaction with garbage disposal in Karachi.
Instead of disposing garbage at the solid waste management plant, the people have been throwing and burning it at
various residential and commercial points in the city, causing immense pollution.

Industrial

Karachis industries generate a cocktail of chemicals and toxic substances, and a significant amount of industrial
effluent is discharged into creeks, rivers, or the sea.

Textile

Pakistan exports textile products and the Textile mill effluents is causing huge pollution of its water. Textile mill
effluents (TMEs) are wastewater discharges from textile mills that are involved in wet processes such as scouring,
neutralizing, desizing, mercerizing, carbonizing, fulling, bleaching, dyeing, printing and other wet finishing activities.
They are not generated at facilities that conduct only dry processing (carding, spinning, weaving and knitting),
laundering or manufacturing of synthetic fibres through chemical processes.

PESHAWAR
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POLLOUTION PROBLEMS OF PESHAWAR:

Peshawar is the most polluted one among other major cities of the NWFP with carbon dioxide emission
reaching up to 23 particles per million (ppm) against the World Health Organisation guidelines of 10ppm,
reveals a study conducted by the agency.

Other major cities including Nowshera, Hangu, Karak, Haripur, Mardan, Abbottabad, Mingora, Kohat, Bannu
and D.I. Khan have also surpassed the WHO limits pertaining to major air pollutants. Despite enactment of
various laws including the Pakistan Environmental Act, action plans and formation of environmental tribunals
during the last one decade, ecology is on the verge of degradation in urban and rural areas of the province.

The agency in its report Environmental profile of the NWFP, which is yet to be published, says that the
province is confronted with growing environmental issues like urbanisation, population explosion and non-
judicious exploitation of natural resources which are threatening the environment in socio-economic terms.

Problems have been further exacerbated with the influx of million of Afghan refugees by putting immense
pressure on the fragile resource-based ecology and nascent infrastructure of the province and triggering
ecological demands including air and water pollution, solid waste problems, deforestation, soil erosion, growing
scarcity of water, overuse of rangelands and wasteful energy consumption, says the report.

The main sources of air pollution in the province, according to the study are: vehicular emissions, industrial
emissions, emissions from brick kiln factories, massive burning of solid waste/refuse, domestic burnings, fuel
adulteration and use of ill-maintained vehicles.

The more serious illnesses related to air pollution include bronchitis, asthma and cancer. It can even lead to
mental impairment in children. Respiratory infections and allergies are very common diseases attributed to dust
and smoke. Increasing number of roads accidents are also attributed to high level of carbon monoxide, causing
drowsiness, headache and even death on heavy traffic roads due to the formation of carboxyl haemoglobin.

NOISE:

Noise level also exceeds the permissible level of 85 decibels unit. Major source of noise pollution is
road transport specially auto-rickshaws plying on roads with defective silencers, trains and aircrafts.
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The industrial units in the province are scattered over a vast stretch of the province with greater concentration in
and around the cities of Peshawar, Haripur, Charsadda, Nowshera and Gadoon Amazai. Industrial emissions
from chimneys are also a source of air pollution in these areas. The combustion of old rubber tyres and used
mobile oil in these factories emits hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide. The increased number
of brick kilns situated in the province particularly in Peshawar have almost doubled the level of air pollution
mainly due to the use of large amount of rubber, low quality of coal and used oil for burning purposes.

SOLID WASTE:

In the NWFP generation of municipal solid waste is estimated to be between 0.4 and 0.6 kilograms per
day per capita and virtually, no proper waste management system exists. Approximately 40 per cent of the
generated wastes remain at collection points, or in streets, where they emit a host of pollutants into the air,
making it unacceptable for breathing. Also on roadside, the dump burning of the municipal solid wastes
generates air pollution problem.

The Epa has found that quality of drinking water is often low and seldom met the WHO guidelines. Water in
many parts of the province was unsafe for human consumption due to both bacterial and chemical
contamination.

It says that water samples of Haripur, Bannu and Kohat districts were 70 to 80 per cent clear from
bacteriological contamination. About 40 per cent water samples were found contaminated in Peshawar and
Nowshera, almost 50 per cent in Mardan and Swat. More than 60 per cent contaminated samples belonged to
D.I. Khan, Chitral and Mansehra. While more than 80 per cent contaminated water samples pertained to Lakki,
Hangu and Malakand districts.

SURFACE WATER:

The quality of surface water has also been identified as the major issue of water resources. Untreated
waste discharged from factories, industrial units, residential areas and municipal waste are the prime culprits
which are polluting sources of surface water. It said that Bara River received untreated sewage and waste water
from the eastern and central part of Peshawar city and the sub-urban areas and ultimately discharges into Kabul
River.

One of the sources of pollution in Swat River is the water coming from its main tributaries, the Mingora
Khawar. All the waste and effluent in Mingora city are added to Mingora Khawar and these pollutants are
further injected into river swat contributing to its ecological degradation as well. The main sources of identified
pollution entering the Kabul River system are untreated industrial effluent from sugar mills, paper and board
mills, tanneries and textile mills. In addition, ghee and chemicals contribute significant pollutants.

Untreated municipal waste effluents from Peshawar and Nowshera enter the system mainly via the Budni Nulla,
Bara River and the Kalpani River. Several sewers also discharge untreated waste to the system. About four
sugar mills discharge their effluent to the river Kabul. Nowshera Aman Grah, Peshawar, Hattar-Haripur and
Gadoon-Amazi industrial estates revealed some frightening figures that indicated serious threats to the aquatic,
terrestrial, atmospheric ecosystems, and to the well-being of human, plant and animal life.

GREEN SECTOR:

About green sector problems, the report says that a very large livestock population and excessive
grazing, and over harvesting of natural vegetation are the main causes of rangeland degradation in the NWFP.
Despite serious environmental problems caused by excessive overgrazing, little has been done to rehabilitate
depleted rangeland.
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It says that the forest area of the province decreased by 10.5 per cent from 1991 to 2004-05 and the reasons for
this fast rate of deforestation were rapid increase in human and livestock populations.

LAHORE
POLLOUTION BROBLEMS OF LAHORE:
1.SMOG
Persistent continual of the dense fog blanketing Punjab has revealed high readings of
pollution in the air, sources reported.

A combination of high level pollutants, calm wind and rising temperatures in Lahore is causing dense
smog in a greenhouse effect, disrupting the everyday life for the people of Lahore as well as causing
casualties in road accidents due to poor visibility.
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While the citizens are resorting to moving around in face-masks for protection, the smog is causing
heavy breathing, as well as some eye, nose and throat irritation.

According to fresh readings obtained through the recently installed monitoring equipment, the level of
carbon monoxide was 21.29 (milligram per metre) on The Mall, 17.52 in Mohlanwal, and 6.94 in
Gulbergs Liberty Market as against the maximum permissible limit of 5.

The second pollutant emanating from the drains was hydrogen sulphide with levels of 772.69 on
Zafar Ali Road as opposed to the permissible limit of 7 per minute and 150 per 24 hours.

The level of sulphur dioxide that is the product of junk fuel was 1373.1 at Daroghawala, north and
northeast Lahore, which houses hundreds of mills, including 600 steel factories. The tolerant upper
limit is 120.

2.NOISE

Noise pollution is causing great damage to general public health. It leads to irritation, loss of sleep,
rest and peace. It is harmful to physical and mental health of the people. Frequent loud noise affects
the working efficiencypeople. Persistent noise pollution causes a loss of sense of hearing too,
Telegraph reported. Increasing noise pollution is a big threat to the health and fitness of the people. If
noise pollution is allowed to go unchecked with the increasing number of vehicles on roads, rising
growth of factories and construction work, loudspeakers used on various occasions and the playing of
film songs and pop music at wedding celebrations, then it may rob the people of their hearing
capacity. All of these are responsible for causing noise pollution. The WHO reports that transportation
road, rail and air traffic is the major source of noise pollution. Things havent changed much in years.
Noise control laws are openly violated. It is time the authorities wake up and act against the danger of
noise pollution.

5.QUETTA

According to a 2011 World Health Organisation (WHO) report, Quetta, Peshawar and Lahore ranked
at number four, six and 10, respectively.

The pollution is measured as the microgramme (mcg) concentration per cubic metre of air of
particulate matter smaller than 10 micrometres (PM10)about a seventh of the width of a human
hair.
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The figures are the average for the year. Seasonal spikes can be many times higher.

The WHOs health guidelines are maximum exposure of 20 mcg/m3, measured as an annual
average.

The list was topped by Ahvaz, a city in Iran with 372 mcg/m3 of pollution.

Ulan Bator of Mongolia was ranked at number two while another city of Iran, Sanandaj was ranked
third.

Our very own Quetta was tied at number four along with Ludhiana, India at 251 mcg/m3 of pollution.

Peshawar, at number six, was measured at 219 mcg/m3 pollution according to 2003,2004 data while
the Punjabs metropolitan Lahore made it to number 10 with 200 mcg/m3 of pollution according to
data of 2003/4.

AIR POLLOUTION:

In quetta Air pollution,is the number one problem.The atmosphere in the city is so
polluted that thick layers of the lethal gases like carbon - dioxide, lead particles,etc
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always exist in the environment.Air pollution in and around Quetta city is mainly caused
by the rapidly increasing number of vehicles,especially the smoke emitted from
riksha,buses,trucks,vehicle,motorcycles etc.There are not proper traffic management
system in quetta city and there are limited road space.
INDUSTRIES:
As far as industrial pollution is concerned,pollution is non-existent due to absence of big
industries. However, thick black smoke can easily be seen in and around the localities of
the district.Quetta is cup like shape because which is surrounded the mountains.With
regard to grey pollution, in the areas where gas connections have not been provided so
far, grey pollution exists, because people use wood and animal dung for fuel
purposes.Although Quetta city is of course the most urbanized district in Balochistan.

SOLID WASTE =
The other major issues of Quetta city is solid waste.solid waste of Quetta was 850
tons /day. Solid waste contains both organic and inorganic matter.Anthropogenic
activities are responsible mainly for the production of huge amount of solid waste. Any
liquid containing container, paper,glass, cardboard, paint boxes, plastic bags,
toys,etc.which is useless and is removed from houses,offices,and industries is solid
waste.solid waste produced in houses is thrown out in open containers or in open
grounds. A simple method to reduce the amount of solid waste and increase the capacity
of the ground is to burn the solid waste. The place where solid waste is thrown or
dumped remains in a bad condition which may promote many diseases in the area.The
waste is dumped directly in to the streets or anywhere outside home.In many areas of
the quetta city waste is dumped in street corners.
WATER:
Water scarcity is at the root of the problem. Annual precipitation ranges from 50 to
500mm, with much of Balochistan lying outside the monsoon zone, and evaporation
rates are extremely high.The people of Quetta is over use of water and there is no
proper management of water.

SOLOUTION OF POLOUTIONS:

Ways to Prevent and Reduce

Air, Water, and Land Pollution
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Breathing is life. We know that we can survive without food for several weeks and
without water for few days, but without oxygen, we will die in a matter of minutes.

A List of Things You Can Do

Every action or inaction of any person has an effect on the environmentbe it good, neutral, or negative. By
becoming aware and doing the right thing, we choose to be part of the solution. Here are some things you can do:

Stop smoking or don't throw your butts on the ground. Cigarette butts are not biodegradable and contain
extremely toxic soluble chemicals. One butt thrown on the ground can remain for up to 25 years, leaking
chemicals like arsenic, ammonia, acetone, benzene, cadmium, formaldehyde, lead, and toluene into the
environment.
Drive an electric or hybrid car or at least one that uses unleaded gasoline.
Keep your car in good running condition to avoid emissions.
Share a ride or carpool.
Choose to walk or ride a bicycle whenever possible.
Never use open fires to dispose of waste, especially chemicals and plastic.
Adopt the 3 Rs of solid waste management: reduce, reuse, and recycle.
Use sustainable, reclaimed, or recycled building materials.
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Start composting leaves and clippings from your yard and food scraps from your kitchen to reduce waste
while improving your soil.
Use the power supplied abundantly and freely by wind and sun. Hang your laundry to dry to minimize your
use of gas or electricity and open a window or put on a sweater rather than turning on the air conditioner or
heater.
Buy local foods and goods. In this manner, the use of fuel for transporting goods can be minimized.
Look around you house or place of business for ways you could conservewater.
Use and buy products that are eco-friendly or made with biodegradable materials. Avoid plastic.
Always bring a bag when you shop.
Get rid of your lawn: Plant bee-friendly, drought-tolerant, native plants instead.
Plant more trees. They clean the air, provide oxygen, and beautify your surroundings.
Take care to properly dispose of your pet's waste.
Do not litter. Start an anti-litter campaign to educate your community.
If you own a business, make sure you have considered the environmental impact of your business practices.
If you work for someone else, take the time to assess your company's environmental impact and try to
implement positive change.
Say a big "NO" to pesticides and GMOs (genetically modified organisms).

Join an Earth Day celebration (every April 22nd) and consider making its tenets an everyday practice.

REFERENCES & BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.dawn.com/news/202377

https://www.sdpi.org/publications/files/A-99.pdf

http://environment.gov.pk/PRO_PDF/PositionPaper/Environmental%20Concerns%20Pakistan%20Scenario.pdf

https://tribune.com.pk/story/1116509/lets-clear-air-karachi-among-five-polluted-cities-world/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetta