Roads have many benefits for the sake of human life.

In general, the manufacture of

roads is intended to facilitate the flow of goods and passengers in a fast, easy, and fun.
However, on the other side of any works there is also a positive and negative impacts. Road
constructions, if its not perfectly planned will bring negative effects such as causing traffic
jams in the city which in turn will lead to transport costs to became more expensive and
increases pollution. Furthermore, environmental pollution will damage the health of living
beings as well as lower labor productivity of society as a whole. In addition, the indirect
positive impact is the increase of economic activity in relation to road transport which include
fuel sales and other services that directly serve the vehicle and out of the area.

The type of road itself is divided into 3, asphalt road ,concrete road , and paving road .
First we talk about asphalt roads. The construction of asphalt roads has its own advantages
and disadvantages. The advantages of asphalt road construction are asphalt road is smoother
than concrete roads, and its not wavy so its comfortable ride. Asphalts black color affect the
psychology of the driver ,so the driver becomes more calm and comfortable. For the use on
roads with light vehicle traffic, asphalt roads are cheaper than concrete road. Also, the
maintenance process is easier because the maintenence is just replacing the damaged asphalt
road area. However, asphalt roads also have some disadvantages, which are asphalt roads are
not resistant to puddles, so it requires a good drainage channel for the drying process of
asphalt road after rain or flood and in poor soil structure, soil improvement should be done
before the asphalt road construction is carried out.

The next type of road is concrete road. The advantages of concrete roads are that it
can withstand heavy vehicle loads, its resistant to puddles and floods, its maintenance costs
are cheaper than asphalt roads, it can be used on weak soil structures without prior soil
structure improvements, and the material procurement is easier to obtain than asphalt
roads.and then, the disadvantage of concrete roads are the cost of concrete roads construction
is more expensive than asphalt road, but cheaper during the maintenance period, and then,
concrete road are not always smooth, the smoothness and waves of the road is determined by
the time of the casting process, so it requires strict supervision. The repair of concrete roads
are done by riding on the old concrete road construction, thus raising the level of the road, so
that sometimes made the road higher than the house beside it. Also, the color of concrete
makes the atmosphere of the road becomes hard and arid causing a cautious effect for the
rider on it.
 And the last type of road is paving road . Just like asphalt road and concrete road
,paving road has the disadvantage and advantage . The advantages of paving roads are having
good water absorption that can reduce water puddles and prevent flood hazards.
Installation of paving blocks is very easy.Not only that,in case of damage (broken) ,it can be
replaced easily, simply by taking the broken paving and replaced with a new one.
However , the disadvantage of paving road are easily wavy when the foundation is not firmly
installed.Not only that , Paving road is also less suitable to be installed in the land through
which high-speed vehicles. So the paving block is only suitable to be installed on the land
through a low-speed vehicle just like a dense residential and urban environment.

To conclude, every type of roads, has its own advantages and disadvantages. So, in
order to decide which type of road we are going to manufacture, it will depend on the
conditions on the field and the budget.
 ESSAY
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROADS

CLAS

S 20

1. Andre Jonathan
S. ( 3116100018 )
2. Muarif ( 3116100060 )
3. M. Anhar Prakoso ( 3116100084 )
4. Dikky Prasetyo ( 3116100138 )

BAHASA INGGRIS

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOVEMBER SURABAYA

2016