1803 Vocabulary Terms

These terms are no particular order; however all must be defined as a part of the set-exercises assessment task.

Term Definition Pg #
2D Shape A shape that only has two dimensions such as width and -
height.
3D Shape An object that has height, width and depth. -
5E Model The 5 E's is an instructional model based on the constructivist -
approach to learning, which says that learners build or
construct new ideas on top of their old ideas.
accommodation When new information that does not fit into an existing 449
scheme is modified or a new scheme in made.
assimilation Fitting information into an existing scheme. 449
cardinality Understanding that the last number named is the amount in a 84
group.
centration The characteristic of preoperational children that causes them 449
to focus on the most obvious aspects of what they perceive.
Classification (Science process skill) putting thing in logical groups according to some common 10
criteria such as color, shape, size, or use.
Cognitive constructivism That can be assimilated to trivial constructivism and cognitive -
approach that focuses on mental processes rather than
observable behavior
communicating (Science process skill) Communicating ideas, directions, and descriptions orally or in 51
written form such as pictures, maps, graphs, or journals so
others can understand what you mean.
concept The building blocks of knowledge; they allow for organizing 450
and categorizing information.
conceptual subitizing Seeing number patterns within a group such as a large number 450
of dots (usually more than five).
conclusion (Scientific method) Statements that tell whether the original prediction or 450
hypothesis was rejected.
Concrete operational stage The third period identified by Piaget, during which children 450
attain conservation.
concrete pictorial abstract learning Is a highly effective approach to teaching that develops and -
progression sustainable understanding of maths.
conservation The ability to retain the original picture in the mind when 450
material has been changed in it, arrangement in space; also,
the care and protection of natural resources.
Constructivist method Is the result of ongoing changes in our mental frameworks as 51
we attempt to make meaning out of our experiences.
controlling variables (More complex Determining which variables in an investigation should be 51
science process skill) studied or should be controlled to conduct a controlled
experiment.
data Recording information collected during observation. 450
disequilibrium Occurs when children realize that they do not understand 450
something they previously thought they understood.
equilibrium Is established when children have enough information to 451
satisfy their curiosity and to create a new cognitive structure.
estimation Making s sensible and reasonable guess regarding how many 451
or how much without counting or measuring.
1803 Vocabulary Terms
Formal Operations Stage
hypothesis (Scientific method)
hypothesizing (More complex
science process skill)
inferring (science process skill)
informal experience
inquiry-based learning (IBL)
learning cycle
logical grouping
measuring
measuring (science process skill)
more knowledgeable other
naturalistic experience
observing (science process skill)
one to one correspondence
perceptual subitizing
predicting (science process skill)
pre-operational stage
Principles of School Mathematics
process skill
rational counting
reversibility
rote counting
scaffolding
Piagets final period and approximately age 11 through 11
adulthood.
A statement, based on observations, that can be tested by 451
experiment; one of the science process skills.
Devising a statement, based on observa- 51
tions, that can be tested by experiment. A typical form for a
hypothesis is, If water is put in the freezer over- night, then it
freezes.
Based on observations, but suggests more meaning about a 51
situation than can be directly observed. When children infer,
they recognize patterns and expect these patterns to recur
under similar circumstances.
Learning experience initiated by the adult as children engage in 451
their everyday natural activities.
starts by posing questions, problems or scenariosrather than -
simply presenting established facts or portraying a smooth
path to knowledge. The process is often assisted by a
facilitator.
Phases of learning used for curriculum devel- opment and as 451
teaching strategies: exploration, concept development,
concept application.
Group whose members have a logical connection (such as 452
number, color, shapes, or class).
Quantitative descriptions made by an observer either directly 452
through observation or indirectly with a unit of measures; one
of the science process skills.
Quantitative descriptions made by an ob- server either directly 51
through observation or indirectly with a unit of measure.
Is somewhat self-explanatory; it refers to someone who has a -
better understanding or a higher ability level than the learner,
with respect to a task, process, or concept.
Learning that occurs as children go about their daily activities. 452
Using the senses to gather information about objects or events. 51
Is the most fundamental component of the concept of number. 76
Being able to state how many are in a group, without counting 452
or grouping.
Making reasonable guesses or estimations based on 51
observations and prior knowledge and experi- ences.
The second Piagetian developmental period, which extends 453
from about age 2 to age 7.
Basic rules that guide high-quality mathematics education. 453
Label for fundamental mathematics concepts such as 453
classifying, comparing, and measuring when applied to science.
Attaching a number name to each object counted. 453
When the arrangement of material is changed the minds 453
ability to reverse the process of change and visualize the
original arrangement.
Reciting the name of the numerals in order from memory. 453
Assistance in learning from someone who is more mature. 453
1803 Vocabulary Terms
science process skill
scientific method
Sensory motor stage
seriation
social constructivism
Sorting
spatial awareness
Standards for School Mathematics
structured experience
student- directed inquiry
teachable moment
teacher- directed inquiry
testable question
volume
zone of proximal development
Are applied during naturalistic, informal, and adult-guided 51
experiences.
They learn to solve problems in a logical and systematic 11
manner.
First cognitive developmental period identified by Piaget; 454
extends from birth to about age 2.
Putting items in a logical sequence, such as fat to thin or dark 10
to light.
This such as rules for behavior in various social situations that 11
is cre- ated by people.
The process of separating a larger group into two or more 454
smaller groups; see classification.
Is the ability to be aware of oneself in space. It is an organised -
knowledge of objects in relation to oneself in that given space.
Standards provide guidance as to what children should know 8
and be able to do at different ages and stages.
These experiences are consistent with providing opportunities 14
for children to move through the learning cycle as they meet
new objects, people, events, or concepts.
Is a more scientifically literate student able to propose -
explanations and evaluate results based on evidence.
A time when adults recognize that a child has chosen an 454
activity that provides a time to insert instruction.
Structured inquiry, sometimes referred to as directed inquiry, -
is a guided inquiry mainly directed by the teacher.
It is the key to a good and manageable investigation is to -
choose a topic of interest.
In measurement, denotes how much. 455
The area between where the child is now operating 455
independently and where the child might be able to operate
with the assistance of an adult or a more mature peer.