Methods of Foreign Language Teaching (FLT) is a pedagogical science which studies the

regularities of teaching pupils a foreign language in accordance with the data of basic and
contiguous sciences with the regard for the peculiarities of aims and conditions of teaching. Methods
of language teaching include: 1) Grammar-translation approach 2) Direct approach 3) Reading
approach 4) Audiolingual method 5) Community language learning 6) Suggestopedia 7) The silent
way 8) Total physical response 9) The natural way 10) Communicative language teaching. Methods
of teaching English is closely related to such sciences as Pedagogics, Psychology, Physiology,
Linguistics and some others. Pedagogics is the science concerned with general teaching and education.
It would be impossible to develop language habits and speech skills without information about the ways of
forming them, the influence of formerly acquired habits on the formation of new ones which is supplied by
Psychology. Methods of foreign language teaching has a definite relation to physiology of their higher
nervous system. Pavlovs theory of conditioned reflexes is the example. Methods of foreign language
teaching is closely related to Linguistics, since Linguistics deals with the problems which are of great
importance to Methods: language and speech, grammar and vocabulary, the relationship between
grammar and vocabulary, and many others.

The aims of FLT are the first and most important consideration in any teaching. The term aims is
considered to be a long-term goals such as to cover the upper-intermediate course program with
beginners. There are three aims which should be achieved in FL teaching: practical, educational, cultural.
A)The practical aim: the acquisition of a FL as a means of communication. Practical aims cover habits
and skills which pupils acquire in using a foreign language. A habit is an automatic response to specific
situations, acquired normally as a result of repetition and learning. A skill is a combination of useful habits
serving a definite purpose and requiring application of certain knowledge. B) The educational aim:
through FL study we can develop the pupils intellect. Teaching a FL helps the teacher to develop the
pupils voluntary and involuntary memory, his imaginative abilities and will power. C) Cultural aims:
learning a FL makes the pupil acquainted with the life, customs and traditions of the people whose
language he studies through visual material and reading material; with the countries where the target
language is spoken.

The basic Principles of FLT. MFLT are based on the fundamental principles of didactics: scientific
approach in teaching school subjects, accessibility, durability, conscious approach and activity,
visualization and individual approach to language institutions. Scientific approach implies careful
determination of what and how to teach to achieve the aims set by the syllabus. Since the leading role
belongs to the practical aim, one of the main methodological principles is the principle of practical or
communicative approach. It means pupils should be involved in oral and written communications
throughout the whole course of learning the FL. Pupils are taught a FL as a means of communication.
The next principle is closely connected with the selection of the material and its arrangement to provide
accessibility for language learning on the part of the pupils. The principle of durability implies the ability
of a pupil to keep in his memory linguistic and language material. The durability is ensured by vivid
presentation of the material, by constant revision of drill, by the use of the material for communicative
needs, by systematic control. The principle of conscious approach to language learning implies
comprehension of a linguistic phenomenon of language material by the pupil. Pupils are supposed to
understand both the form and the content of the material and to be aware of how they should treat the
material while performing various examples. The principle of activity. In teaching a FL it is necessary to
stimulate pupils activity by involving them in the act of communication in the target language, either in its
oral (listening, speaking) or written (reading, writing) form. One needs a lot of practice in the use of the
language to master it. The principle of visualization. Visualization may be defined as specially
organized demonstration of linguistic material and language behavior characteristic of the target language
with the purpose of helping the pupil in understanding, assimilating and utilizing this in connection with the
task set. Visualization implies an extensive use of audio-visual aids and audio-visual materials throughout
the whole course of FLT. The principle of individualization. The teacher should assess the progress of
each individual in the class and find the way how to manage the classroom activity so that the slowest
learners are not depressed by being left behind and the fastest and most able learners are not frustrated
by being held back.

Teaching Aid. By teaching aids we mean various devices which can help the
foreign language teacher in presenting linguistic material to her students and fixing
it in their memory, in testing students knowledge od words phrases and grammar
items. Their habits and skills in using them.
Teaching Aids.
Non-mechanical aids.
Mechanical aids.
Non-Mechanical Aids.
Board-the oldest aid in the classroom. The teacher turns to the board whenever he
needs to write something while explaning some new liguistic material. correcting
mistakes arranging the class to work at some words and sentence patterns. it can
also be used for quick drawing.

Flannel-board,is used for creating vivid situations which would stimulate students
oral language.
Magnit board-a board which has the propertics of magnet. used with the same
purpose as a flannel board.
Mechanical Aids.
Tape-Recorder,can help the students in listening to the authentic material. it allows
to play back themissing parts. It is considered to be one of the most important aids
in teaching a foreign language,because it is esaly available in every classroom.
Overhead Projector- can be used in darkened room for demonstration of visual
materials as pictures,videos,schemes,maps and so on.
Computers, creates favourable conditions for individual learner, indispensible aid for
taching a foreign language.
Language labaratory-is a special classroom designed for language learning and
equipped with individual stalls or booth. The language labaratory keeps a full class
of students working and learning for the entire period.
Teaching Materials.
by teaching materials we mean the materials which the teacher can use to help
students to learna foreign language tgrought visual or audio perception. These
materials must help to acheve practical, cultural and educational aims of learning
foreign language. The following teaching materials are in use nowadays; teacher's
book, student's book, visual materials, audio materials and audio visual materials.
teacher book
audio material
visual material
The principle of Consciousness approach to language learning implies comprehension of a linguistic
phenomenon of language material by the pupil. Pupils are supposed to understand both the form and the
content of the material and to be aware of how they should treat the material while performing various
examples.

The principle of Activity. In teaching a FL it is necessary to stimulate pupils activity by involving them in
the act of communication in the target language, either in its oral (listening, speaking) or written (reading,
writing) form. One needs a lot of practice in the use of the language to master it.

The principle of Visuality. Visualization may be defined as specially organized demonstration of

linguistic material and language behavior characteristic of the target language with the purpose of helping
the pupil in understanding, assimilating and utilizing this in connection with the task set. Visualization
implies an extensive use of audio-visual aids and audio-visual materials throughout the whole course of
FLT.