DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Bansal et al. (2012). Appendicitis in children less than 5 years old: Influence of
age and outcome. American Journal of Surgery. 204: 6, pp: 1031-5.
Barrett ML, Hines AL, Andrews RM, (2013). Trends in Rates of Perforated
Appendix, 2001-2010. AHRQ, pp: 1-14.
Bhangu A, Nepogodiev D, Taylor C, Durkin N, Patel R (2012). Accuracy of
clinical coding from 1210 appendicectomies in a British district general
hospital. International Journal of Surgery. 10: 3, pp: 144-147.
Bogard et al. (2015). Diagnosing perforated appendicitis in pediatric patients : A
new model. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 10:054, pp: 1-5.
Bonadio et al. (2015). Impact of in-hospital timing to appendectomy on
perforation rates in children with appendicitis. Journal of Emergency
Medicine. 49; 5, pp: 597-604.
Broker MEE, Lieshout EMM, Elst VD, Stassen SPS, Schepers T (2011).
Discriminating between simple and perforated appendicitis. Journal of
Surgical Research. 176:1, pp: 79-83.
Bruckenthal P (2010). Pain in the older adult. Dalam: Fillit HM, Kenneth R,
Woodhosue K eds. Brocklehursts textbook of geriatric medicine and
gerontology. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, pp: 965-972.
Brunicardi FC (2010). Schwartzs principles of surgery. USA: Mc-Graw Hill
Company.
Budhram GR, Bengiamin NR (2014). Abdominal pain. Dalam: Marx JA,
Horckberger RS, Walls RM eds. Rosens emergency medicine.
Philadelpia: Saunders Elsevier, pp: 1225-32.
Chang YJ, Khammash MR, Qasaimeh GR, Shammari AK, Bani MK, Hammori
SK (2009). Misdiagnosed acute appendicitis in children. Chang Gung
Medical Journal. 33:5, pp:551-557.
Crawford JM, Kumar V (2005). The gastrointestinal tract. Dalam: Kumar V,
Cotran RS, Robbins SL eds. Robbins pathology basic of disease,7th ed.
Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, pp: 660-1.
Craig S (2012). Acute appendicitis. Available from:
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/773895-overview [Accessed on
April, 29th 2012].
Daley BJ (2015). Peritonitis and abses abdomen. Available from :
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/180234-overview [Accessed on
Februari, 29th 2016]

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

Darmojo, Boedhi (2010). Geriatri: Ilmu kesehatan usia lanjut, edisi 2. Jakarta:
Balai Penerbit FKUI.
Departemen Kesehatan RI (2007). Profil kesehatan Indonesia 2006. Jakarta:
Depkes RI.
Doherty GM, Way LW (2006). Current surgical diagnosis and treatment, edisi ke-
12. New York: The McGraw Hill companies.
Dorland WAN (2010). Kamus kedokteran Dorland. Edisi ke-31. Jakarta: EGC.
Drake et al. (2014). Time to appendectomy and risk of perforation in acute
appendicitis. JAMA Surgical. 149: 8, pp: 837-44.
Ellis, Harold (2006). Clinical anatomy : A revision and applied anatomy for
clinical students, 11th ed. Australia : Blackwell Publishing.
Eroschenko VP (2010). Atlas histologi diFiore dengan korelasi fungsional, edisi
11. EGC : Jakarta.
Eylin (2009). Karakteristik pasien dan diagnosis histologi pada kasus apendisitis
berdasarkan data registrasi di departemen patologi anatomi fakultas
kedokteran universitas indonesia rumah sakit umum pusat nasional cipto
mangunkusumo pada tahun 2003-2007.
Fatmah (2006). Respons imunitas yang rendah pada tubuh manusia usia lanjut.
Makara Kesehatan. 10:1, pp: 47-53.
Ferri FF (2014). Acute appendicitis. Dalam: Ferri FF ed. Ferris Clinical Advisor
2014, 1st ed. Philadelphia: Mosby, pp: 107-8.
Gajhbiye AS, Dakhore SD, Meshram MM, Khathod AP (2013). Perforated
Apendicitis in children. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences.
11:1, pp: 9-16.
Gartner L, Hiatt J (2014). Color atlas and text of histology, 6th ed. Philadelphia:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp: 328-54.
Ghnnam WM (2012). Elderly versus young patients with appendicitis 3 years
experience. Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 48: 1, pp: 9-12.
Goldman L, Andrew IS (2012). Goldmans cecil medicine, 24th ed. New York :
Saunders Elsevier.
Gray H, Carter HV (2008). Grays anatomy : The anatomical basic of clinical
practice, 40th ed. United Kingdom: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.
Grover CA, Sternbach G (2012). McBurneys point. The Journal of Emergency
Medicine. 42:5, pp: 578-581.
Halligan S (2003). The large bowel. Dalam: Sutton D ed. Textbook of radiology
and imaging, 7th edition. London: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

49
Harbrecht et al. (2011). Acute appendicitis, not just for the young. American
Journal of Surgery. 202: 3, pp: 286-290.
Hay WW et al. (2012). Current pediatric diagnosis & treatment 21st edition. North
America: McGraw-Hill Education.
Hegazi MA, Patel TA (2013). Acute amoebic appendicitis: Case report and review
of parasitic appendicitis. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Society.2:1, pp:802.
Horn AE, Ufberg JW (2011). Appendicitis, diverculitis, and colitis. Emergency
Medical Clinic North America.29, pp: 347-368.
Hornby ST, Shahtahmasebi G, Lynch S, Ladwa N, Stell DA (2013). Delay to
surgery does not influenced the pathological outcome of acute
appendicitis. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery.103, pp:5-11.
Htwe et al. (2007). Infection in the elderly. Infectious Disease Clinics of North
America. 21, pp: 711-743.
Junqueira LC, Carneiro J, Kelley RO (2005). Histologi dasar 11th edition. Jakarta:
EGC, pp: 279-311.
Kalliakmanis V, Pikoulis E, Karavokyros IG, Felekouras E, Morfaki P,
Haralambopoulou G et al. (2005). Acute appendisitis: The reability of
diagnosis by clinical assesment alone. Scandinavian Journal of Sugery. 94,
pp: 201-206.
Kirby A, Hobson RP, Burke D, Cleveland V, Ford G, West RM (2014).
Appendicectomy for suspected uncomplicated appendicitis is associated
with fewer complications than conservative antibiotic management: A
meta-analysis of post-intervention complications. Journal of
Infection.10:2, pp:105-10.
Lee JH, Park YS, Choi JS (2010). The epidemiology of appendicitis and
appendectomy in South Korea: National registry data. Journal
Epidemiology. 20:2, pp: 97-105.
Lindseth GN (2002). Gangguan usus halus. Dalam: Price SA, Wilson LM eds.
Patofisiologi: Konsep klinis proses-proses penyakit, 6th ed. Jakarta: EGC,
pp: 437-455.
Longo DL, Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Jameson JL (2012).
Harrisons principle of internal medicine 18th ed. New York: The
McGraw-Hill Companies.
Lunca S, Bouras G, Romedea NS (2004). Acute appendicitis in the elderly
patient: Diagnostic problems, prognostic factors and outcomes. Romanian
Journal of Gastroenterology. 299:4, pp: 299-303.

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

50
Maa J, Kirkwood KS (2012). The appendix. Dalam: Townsend JCM, Beauchamp
RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL eds. Sabiston textbook of surgery, 19th ed.
Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, pp: 1279-93.
Mallick MS (2008). Appendicitis in pre-school children: A continuing clinical
challenge a retrospective study. International Journal of Surgery.6,
pp:371373.
Manfredi RA, Ranniger C (2013). Appendicitis. Dalam: Adams JG ed.
Emergency medicine clinical essentials, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders
Elsevier, pp:325-30.
Matos VD, Mulberg AE (2008). Appendicitis. Dalam: Schwartz MW ed. The 5-
minute pediatric consult 5th edition. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins.
Miner JR, Burton J (2014). Pain management. Dalam: Marx JA, Horckberger RS,
Walls RM eds. Rosens emergency medicine. Philadelpia: Saunders
Elsevier, pp: 31-49.
Murphy EEK, Berman L (2014). Clinical evaluation of acute appendicitis. Journal
of Pediatric Surgery. 15:3, pp: 223-230.
Narsule et al. (2010). Effect of delay in presentation in on rate of perforation in
children with appendicitis. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, pp:
1-5.
Nasution AP (2011). Hubungan antara jumlah leukosit dengan apendisitis akut
dan apendisitis perforasi di RSUD Dr. Soedarso Pontianak tahun 2011.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (2008).
Appendicitis. National Institute of Health. 09:4547, pp: 1-6.
Ngodngamthaweesuk N, Tunthangtham A, Sakonya D (2003). Acute appendicitis:
A5-year review of histopathology and clinical presentation. The Thai
Journal of Surgery. 24:81-4.
Notoatmodjo S (2010). Metodologi penelitian kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Oldham KT, John JA (2011). Acute appendicitis. Dalam: Kliegman RM, Stanton
BF, Geme JW, Schor NF, Berhman RE eds. Nelsons textbook of pediatric
19th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.
Omari AH, Khammas MR, Qasaimeh GR, Shammari AK, Yaseen MKB,
Hammori SK (2014). Acute appendicitis in elderly: Risk factors for
perforation.World Journal of Emergency Surgery. 9:6, pp: 1-6.
Papandria et al. (2013). Risk of perforation increases with delayed in recognition
and surgery for acute appendicitis. Journal of Surgical Research. 1: 84, pp:
723-729.

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

51
Park HC, Min JK, Bong HL (2014). Antibiotic therapy for appendicitis in patients
aged > 80 years. The American Journal of Medicine. 127 (6): 562-564.
Pasaribu IC (2010). Karakteristik penderita apendisitis di RSUP H. Adam Malik
Medan pada tahun 2009 [Skripsi]. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Fakultas Kedokteran.
Permata VA (2009). Penggunaan analgesik pasca operasi orthopedi di RSUP Dr.
Kariadi Semarang [Skripsi]. Semarang: Jawa Tengah. Fakultas
Kedokteran.
Peter SDS (2010). Appendicitis. Dalam: Holcomb III, Murphy JP eds. Ashcrafts
pediatric surgery. Philadelphia : Saunders Elsevier. pp: 549-55.
Putrikasari LAP (2011). Perbedaan jumlah leukosit pada pasien apendisitis
akut dan apendisitis kronik di RSPAD Gatot Soebroto Jakarta periode
2010 [Skripsi]. Jakarta: Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran
Jakarta. Fakultas Kedokteran.
Rahayu RA, Bahar A (2009). Penatalaksanaan infeksi pada usia lanjut. Dalam:
Sudoyo AW, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, Simadibrata M, Setiati S eds.
Penatalaksanaan ilmu penyakit dalam jilid I edisi V. Interna Publishing :
Jakarta.
Riwanto I, Hamami AH, Pieter J, Tjambolang T, Ahmadsyah I (2010). Usus
halus, apendiks, kolon, dan anorektum. Dalam: De Jong W, Sjamsuhidajat
R eds. Buku Ajar Ilmu Bedah Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta: EGC.
Rothrock SG (2008). Appendicitis. Dalam: Baren JM, Rothrock SG, Brennan JA,
Brown L eds. Pediatric emergency medicine. Philadelphia: Saunders, pp:
576-581.
Sherwood L (2011). Fisiologi manusia dari sel ke sistem edisi 2. Jakarta : EGC.
Shrestha R, Ranabhat SR, Tiwari M (2012). Histopathologic analysis of
appendectomy specimens. Journal of Pathology of Nepal. 2, pp: 215-219.
Singh M, Kadian YS, Rattan KM, Janra B (2014). Complicated appendicitis:
analysis of risk factors in children. Journal of Pediatric Surgical. 11: 2, pp:
109-113.
Smink et al. (2004). Effects of race, insurance status, and hospital volume on
perforated appendicitis in chidren. Official Journal of American Academy
of Pediatrics. 10:1542, pp: 920-5.
Snell RS (2006). Anatomi klinik untuk mahasiswa kedokteran edisi 6. Jakarta:
EGC.
Sudhakaran N, Ajayi NA (2010). Appendicitis in children. Pediatric Surgery I.
28:1, hal 16-21.

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

52
Stewart C, Schofield P, Hill RG, Mehta S, Reid MC (2014). Management of pain
in older adults. Dalam: Benzon HT, Rathmell JP, Wu CL, Tur DC, Ars FF,
Hurley RW eds. Practical management of pain. Philadelphia: Mosby
Elsevier, pp: 467-473.
Thompson G (2012). Clinical scoring systems in the management of suspected
appendicitis in children. Dalam: Lander A ed. Appendicitis - a collection
of essays from around the world. InTech.
Vasser HM, Anaya DA (2012). Acute appendicitis. Dalam: Jong EC, Stevens DL
eds. Netters infectious disease. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.
Wolfe JM, Henneman PL (2014). Acute appendicitis. Dalam: Marx JA,
Horckberger RS, Walls RM eds. Rosens emergency medicine.
Philadelpia: Saunders Elsevier, pp: 1225-32.
World Health Organization (2014). WHO methods and data sources for country
level causes of death 20002012. Department of Health Statistics and
Information Systems : Geneva.
Wray CJ, Kao LS, Millas SG, Tsao K, Ko TC (2013). Acute appendicitis:
Controversies in diagnosis and management. Dalam: Ashley SW ed.
Current problems in surgery. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier, pp: 54-86.

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas

53