Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY & SYNTHESIS 1

Writing Project 2

Cesar Olivas

Arizona State University

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY & SYNTHESIS 2

Bilingualism throughout the years has become more and more popular among the people of

this nation. The way a new language is delivered to the people is the question everyone wonders

about. In discussions of how a foreign language should be taught, one controversial issue has been

the battle between dual language immersion and bilingual education. On the one hand, dual

language immersion argues teaching a student part native language part foreign language is the

most effective method for learning that language. On the other hand, bilingual education opposes

the idea of a split lecture and prefers full language immersion. Many authors argue the fact that

teaching students with a split lecture is more effective and benefits the student in the long run.

They present information in various ways, but all come to the same conclusion that bilingual

education proves no competition against dual language. The support among the sources can be

pulled away if one were to look back and analyze them thoroughly. The authors and sources

within provide credible information to prove this statement true.

Some sources do not specifically talk about dual language, but what it is to learn a new

language in general. We Americans tend to become ignorant over certain things and forget how

beautiful it is in indulge oneself into a whole new language. Some of the sources contradict each

other but, more of them believe in similar reasonings for dual language immersion. One article

may challenge the rest of the articles with saying that there is an alternative to this type of

program because it deceives many.

Annotated Bibliography
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY & SYNTHESIS 2

Adams, M., & Jones, K. M. (2009). English Immersion Education Is Flawed. In D. M. Haugen, S.

Musser, & K. Lovelace (Eds.), Opposing Viewpoints. Immigration. Detroit: Greenhaven

Press. (Reprinted from Radical Teacher, 2006, Spring, 75, 16-21) Retrieved from:

http://link.galegroup.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/apps/doc/EJ3010227274/OVIC?

u=asuniv&xid=fcb78937

In the articles, authors Margaret Adams and Kellie Jones state their opinion on how structured

english immersion or SEI is ineffective and a disfavor to english language learners. They claim

that students learning a new language are blended in and drugged down by the mainstream

students which in turn, leaves students to ineffectively learn the material. Both ladies think that

instructors teaching the material are not qualified enough to actually teach this group of students.

With lack of proper knowledge coming from dual language instructors, the likelihood of the

program succeeding is slim.

Margaret Adams was once the department head for bilingual/ESL . Since then, she has been the

director for language and literacy, curriculum and instruction, and is now the superintendent of

teaching and learning. Adams has more than enough experience with education and has had her

fair share in bilingual education. Kellie Jones has now become the department head for the

Department of Bilingual education just as Margaret Adams once was.

With both women coming from an experienced background with education, they would be a great

add on to my paper. Although their article goes against what I am trying to prove, their opinion

should be included. Margaret more than Kellie know a lot about education and bilingual

education therefore it is important to thank what she has to say into consideration.
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Adamy, J. (2016, April 1). Dual-language classes for kids grow in popularity; in increasingly

global economy, more parents seek leg up for their children through early immersion

programs. Wall Street Journal (Online) Retrieved from

http://login.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/login?

url=http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/docview/1777534109?accountid=4485

Janet adamy begins her article with showing the need of a parent to enroll their child into a dual-

language program. This parent knows the benefits of having their child enrolled in this program

because of the advantage the child receives in the global economy. Due to the high increase of

foreign trade, more jobs require a bilingualism as personal trait. The demand isnt just high in one

area, it is consistently spread out across the country. Demand for the dual language program has

gone up in several states, thus making funding for such program possible. Studies prove that

children gain mental strength and flexibility when taught a new language early on in their youth

rather than waiting until they reach high school. Schools are seeing a change in their race culture,

they become more diverse, the students are more accepting of one another all the while children

learn a whole new language. D.C schools plan to add a few more dual language programs while a

group of advocators strive to add more.

Janet adamy received her degree in English at the University of Michigan which brought her to

teach at the British Institute in Italy. After a short amount of time, Adamy became a reporter for

business, food industry, health policy, and finally news. In her current position, Janet publicates

original and cleans stories for her readers on the Wall street Journal.

As a result, this source will be extremely helpful in my inquiry essay as it demonstrates proper

examples and information regarding my topic. This article gives an insight from the perspective

of a mother who wants nothing more than her child to be enrolled in a dual language program. It
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is always a good idea to get perspectives from different people relating to the topic. Because of

the personal perspective, this article makes a credible source.

Gross, N. (2016, November 21). To help low-income students, more schools try dual-language.

Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved from

http://link.galegroup.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/apps/doc/A470989462/OVIC?

u=asuniv&xid=cd3faad6

Natalie Gross begins her article with a scenario depicting a normal day in the dual language

program. She explains that midday is when the students transition from learning everything in

Spanish to learning everything in English. Houston Elementary School in Washington is primarily

dominated by African-American children and is considered to be a low-performing school. This

would be the programs first year in effect, but aims towards equipping children with competence

for their future workforce. The idea of a dual language program was brought up by a parent who

claimed that a lack of such programs in an area dominated by blacks is clearly a problem that

must be confronted. Gross continued to talk about the benefits of implementing a dual-language

immersion program in schools. She named a couple states and how their success and/or growth in

the program is doing.

Natalie Gross is currently a Latino Ed Beat blogger for the Education Writers Association, a

medium aimed towards getting the right information out about education and strengthening the

world of education writers. Natalie was once a reporter in Texas and New Mexico covering K-12

education. Aside from once being a reporter, Natalie Gross is also an award winner due to her

writings. She is a credible source due to her extensive background in education.

As a result, this source will be extremely helpful in my inquiry essay as it demonstrates proper

facts regarding my topic. The source covers information from numerous schools across the nation,
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making it a topic talked about by thousands, if not millions of people. Natalie Gross included

quotes from founders of a dual language program and other primary people involved with the

program which makes her information credible.

Kote, Z. (2011, September 10). Early bilingual education moving towards the dual language

immersion program. an upcoming reality also in gjirokastra. Retrieved from:

http://pl8cg5fc8w.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi

%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info

%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx

%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Early+Bilingual+Education+Moving+Towards+The

+Dual+Language+Immersion+Program.

+An+Upcoming+Reality+Also+In+Gjirokastra&rft.jtitle=Social+and+Natural+Sciences+Jour

nal&rft.au=Kote%2C+Zamira&rft.date=2011-09-10&rft.issn=1804-4158&rft.eissn=1804-

9710&rft.volume=3&rft_id=info:doi/10.12955%2Fsnsj.v3i0.275&rft.externalDBID=n

%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_12955_snsj_v3i0_275&paramdict=en-US

As reading through the articles, it is clear that it focuses primarily on the problems of bilingual

education in Gjirokastra, Albania. The Albanian country has made foreign language learning

priority when it comes down to talking about education. It was in 2002 when a memorandum was

signed by both ITaly and Albania to implement a teaching process conducted in their two

languages. The teaching process would soon become known as dual-language immersion. The

articles explains why a dual language program is important for any educational system. The use of

dual language learning aims at improving the way bilingual students are looked at as well as how

students retain the newly learned language. The author states that the drawbacks and negatives of

the program do not outweigh all the advantages it carries with it. There is a major difference in
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learning a language through dual language immersion than it is learning a separate foreign

language all together. Students, parents, and qualified teaching staff all have an important impact

of the program.

Zamira Kote is a student at the University of Gjirokastra in the country of Albania. She has

written one article thus far in the subject of dual language, has done a great job for her first

published article. Because she does goes to school in a foreign country, it is expected that she

become experienced in bilingualism.

Although this being her only article on the subject of dual language, Zamira proves a great article.

This article would be a great addition to my paper to add a variety to my sources. The article

would bring a sense of diversity to my paper considering the area she is from.

Maxwell, L. A. (2016). Dual-Language Learning Programs Are Gaining in Popularity. In N.

Merino (Ed.), At Issue. Bilingual Education. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press.

(Reprinted from Education Week, 2012, March 23, 31[26]) Retrieved from

http://link.galegroup.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/apps/doc/EJ3010256228/OVIC?

u=asuniv&xid=7dc095b4

In Dual-Language Learning Programs Are Gaining in Popularity, Maxwell explains the growth

of dual language in several states across the country. Biliteracy is increasing in the workforce,

which explains the reason behind the growth of dual language. She continues to state that San

Jose Unified School Districts main goal for their students is to establish strong literacy skills. If

the program goes as expected, the children would become 100% bilingual by the end of their

elementary schooling. No matter how different dual language programs there are, many of the

share the similar trait of 50% instruction time in the second language. Lesli also explains that the
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY & SYNTHESIS 2

goal of dual language isnt to switch the children over to a new language in a short amount of

time like bilingual education does, but to develop fully bilingual students. Before concluding the

article, Lesli Maxwell stated the top states in the nation who excel in dual language programs.

Currently, Texas wins out of all the state in the amount of immersion programs they have

implemented throughout their schools. After all that was said, she then ended with the benefits of

the language program stating that they preserve their primary language while developing a more

broad view on the world that they get to take into college.

According to Education Week, Lesli A Maxwell is an assistant manager editor at Education

Week. Lesli focuses her articles on bilingual education, civil rights, news on school district's,

English-language learners and a few other topics. Shes contributed to various blogs with her

writings considering the amount of years she has worked in the field.

As a result this source will be extremely helpful in my inquiry essay as it demonstrates proper

reasoning related to my topic. As an assistant manager editor for a website, its expected for Lesli

to know what she is talking about when it comes down to dual language immersion programs. Her

history with the program along with civil rights and school districts, makes her voice credible to

be included in my paper.

McWhorter, J. (2016, February). 4 Reasons to Learn a New Language [Video File]. Retrieved

February 20, 2017, from

https://www.ted.com/talks/john_mcwhorter_4_reasons_to_learn_a_new_language

In 4 Reasons to Learn a New Language, John McWhorter (2016) talks about the many reasons as

to why someone should learn a new language. He explained that in a matter of time, English will
 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY & SYNTHESIS 2

be a language that will dominate the globe and over 5,00 languages spoken now will no longer

exist. John then talks about language being a ticket into the culture from which it comes from, it

allows us to participate alongside the culture. Dementia is less likely to be diagnosed to those who

know more than one language, and those people are considered to be better at multitasking.

Bilingualism is healthy, says John McWhorter. He concludes his talk with explaining the fact

that learning a new language has never been easier. Foreign languages are very accessible and can

be learned from anywhere.

According to The Great Courses, John Mcwhorter is a professor at english professor at Columbia

University and previously taught at the University of California Berkeley. He earned his

bachelor's degree at Rutgers University, his masters at New York University, and finished with

his doctorate at Stanford University. Besides his educational background at many prestigious

universities, John also wrote numerous books varying different topics. His work has been

published in top name publication companies making him a well known person. Due to all of

Johns history, he can be considered a reliable resource making his word credible.

As a result this source will be extremely helpful in my inquiry essay as it demonstrates proper

reasoning related to my topic. The video gives viewers explanations as to why learning a new

language would be beneficial. Johns educational background in English and linguistics makes his

knowledge credible and informational. He gives examples that can easily be applied to our own

lives and information that can be backed up if researched.

Szymanski , M. (2017, January 24). Dual language education for the youngest learners could help

save LA Unified, committee is told. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from

http://laschoolreport.com/dual-language-education-for-the-youngest-learners-could-help-save-

la-unified-committee-is-told/
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY & SYNTHESIS 2

In Dual language education for the youngest learners could help save LA Unified, Mike

Szymanski (2017) explains that parents, administrators, superintendents, all from around the Los

Angeles county got together in a committee to talk about the progress of their dual language

immersion program implemented throughout their schools. Szymanski continued to quote parent

center representative Karrie Roy when she talked about parents from different areas wanting to

line up and enroll their child in the LA district. She understood the importance of teaching herself

and her children different languages. Currently, Los Angeles has 31 schools with a dual language

immersion program where Spanish, Korean, Mandarin, and most recent, Armenian are being

taught. A plan is being put into motion to make the immersion program go district wide across the

nation. A lot of work is being done to better solidify and concrete the idea of a bilingual district.

According to the LA School Reports, Mike Szymanski has previously worked as a journalist for

many top name companies including, the Los Angeles Times, E! Online, the Los Angeles Daily

News, and the Atlanta-Journal Constitution. His works have also appeared on Newsweek,

Entertainment Weekly, New York Newsday and many other publication companies. Aside from

being a reporter for many years, Mike has also done movie editing and won awards for his

publications. Szymanski has been in the business long enough to have a valid opinion on what he

writes about. His information is valid and supported by credible resources.

As a result this source will be extremely helpful in my inquiry essay as it demonstrates proper

information related to my topic. The article gives an insight into the meeting that was held in Los

Angeles over the dual language program. Because Mike quotes administrators who have a first

hand experience in the program, the source would make my paper more credible and informative.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY & SYNTHESIS 2

Ward, X. (2016, October 5). Dual language program shows a creative approach to learning.

Janesville Gazette. Retrieved from

http://link.galegroup.com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/apps/doc/A465693560/OVIC?

u=asuniv&xid=0d9c6fd9

Xavier ward sets the tone of his article in a classroom setting, with third graders learning about

the environment like normal, except in Spanish. The article continues with a small amount of

background information on the dual-language program. It was implemented into the Wisconsin

school close to 5 years ago and was designed to make Spanish a native language rather than a

second language. Instruction is given at a ratio of 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50 being added on

in the future years. The program has achieved great success so far and continues to grow as the

years go by. Turtle Creek Elementary School principal claims the program meets the academic,

social, and emotional needs of their students as well as unifying the racial differences among

students. The principal continues with an example of her own two students, one speaking only

spanish and the other English. Without the program, these two students would most likely not

even attempt to speak to one another due to the language barrier, but because of the possibility of

the program, these two children now have established something in common. Because of the

success of the dual language immersion program in the elementary schools is flourishing, plans

are being made to expand the programs through high school.

Xavier Ward received his bachelors degree in international relations and affair at the Beloit

College in Wisconsin. He became an editor for his college up until graduation. After graduation,

Ward became a reporter for the Janesville Gazette and an associate editor for The Social Humanist

where he continues to work to this day.

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As a result, this source will be extremely helpful in my inquiry essay as it demonstrates proper

examples and information regarding my topic. Although fairly new into the journalism world,

Xavier proved a great article. He included credible information worth putting into a paper.

Conducting primary research for the article gives the article a sense of worthiness.