Impulse Turbine

1. IMPULSE TURBINE MCQ

2. Numericals

3. Conceptual Questions

Submitted By:
Abhinav Garg (13107028)
Vipul Kukkar (13107036)
Uday Sharma (13107040)
Manbir Sidhu (13107057)
Kamalkant Goyal (13107072)
IMPULSE TURBINE MCQ
1. The degree of reaction in impulse turbine is
a) 0
b) 1
c) more than 1
d) Infinity

2. The pressure of water jet at the exit of impulse turbine is

a) Less than atmospheric pressure.
b) More than atmospheric pressure.
c) Equal to atmospheric pressure.
All above

3. The specific speed of impulse turbine is in the range

a) 10-50
b) 50-100
c) 100-200
d) More than 200

4. The impulse turbine is suited for

a) Low Head
b) High Head
c) Medium head
d) Can be operated at any head.

5. The axial thrust on the runner of Pelton wheel is

a) More than 100N.
b) 0N
c) More than 1000N
d) Cannot be determined.

6. The jet ratio for impulse turbine is in the range

a) 24-30
b) 0-5
c) 30-40
d) 16-18

7. The inlet velocity triangle for an impulse turbine lies in

a) Axial Tangential Plane.
b) Axial Radial Plane
c) Radial Tangential Plane.
d) None of the above.

8. The outlet velocity triangle for an impulse turbine lies in

a) Axial Tangential Plane.
 b) Axial Radial Plane
c) Radial Tangential Plane.
d) None of the above.

9. The Hydraulic efficiency of an impulse turbine is defined as

a) Ratio of runner power to power available at nozzle inlet.
b) Ratio of shaft power to power available at nozzle inlet.
c) Ratio of runner power to power available at nozzle outlet.
d) Ratio of runner power to power available at nozzle outlet.

10. The runner blade efficiency of an impulse turbine is defined as

a) Ratio of runner power to power available at nozzle inlet.
b) Ratio of shaft power to power available at nozzle inlet.
c) Ratio of runner power to power available at nozzle outlet.
d) Ratio of runner power to power available at nozzle outlet.

11. The mechanical efficiency of an impulse turbine is defined as

a) Ratio of runner power to power available at nozzle inlet.
b) Ratio of shaft power to power available at nozzle inlet.
c) Ratio of runner power to shaft power.
d) Ratio of shaft power to the runner power.

12. The specific speed of Impulse turbine is directly proportional to

a) Square root of power
b) Cube root of power
c) Cube of the power
d) Independent of Power

13. The impulse reaction turbine has its driving force

a) Impulsive force
b) A reaction force
c) Partly as an impulsive force and partly as a reaction force
d) None of the above

14. The efficiency of impulse turbine is maximum when the ratio of blade velocity to inlet
velocity is
a) 1
b) 0.5
c) 2.0
d) 3.0

15. A single stage impulse turbine with a diameter of 1.2 m runs at 3000 rpm. If the blade
speed ratio is 0.42, then the inlet velocity of steam will be
a) 79 m/s
b) 188 m/s
c) 450 m/s
d) 900 m/s
 16. An impulse turbine
a) Always operates submerged
b) Makes use for low head installations
c) Make use of a draft tube
d) Operates by initial complete conversion of kinetic energy

17. Pelton wheel is a

a) Impulse turbine
b) Reaction turbine
c) Mixed turbine
d) None of the above

18. Which of the following is not a component of impulse turbine

a) Draft tube
b) Nozzle
c) Runner
d) Breaking jet

19. In which turbine the pressure energy of water is first converted into kinetic energy by
means of nozzle kept close to the runner?
a) Impulse turbine
b) Reaction turbine
c) Both a. and b.
d) None of the above

20. The pressure of water is atmospheric and remains constant while passing over the runner
in __________.
a) Impulse turbine
b) Reaction turbine
c) Both a and b
d) none of the above

Numerical:
Num. 1:

An impluse turbine has three similar stages of the same mean diameter and geometry; each stage
develops 500 kW. The peripheral speed of the rotor blades at the mean diameter is 100 m/s; the
whirl (swirl) components of the absolute velocities at entry and exit of the rotor are cy2 = 200 m/s
and cy3 = 0 respectively. The nozzle angles at exit are equal to 2 = 65.

The steam at the exit of the first stage has p2 = 8.0 bar, t2 = 200C. Determine for the first stage
(a) mean diameter of the stage for a speed of 3000 rpm; (b) mass flow rate of steam; (c)
isentropic enthalpy drop for an efficiency of 69%; (d) rotor blade angles; and (e) the blade height
of the nozzle and rotor blades at exit.
Num. 2:
A model of the Pelton turbine runs at 102 rpm under a head of 30 m and discharge 0.345 m3/s.
Calculate the power, flow rate and speed of a prototype working under a head of 1500 m. What is
its specific speed?

Num. 3:
The adiabatic enthalpy drop in a given stage of a multi-stage impulse turbine is 22.1 KJ/kg of
steam. The nozzle outlet angle is 160 and the efficiency of the nozzle, defined as the ratio of the
actual gain of kinetic energy in the nozzle to adiabatic heat drop, is 92%. The mean diameter of
the blades is 1473.2 mm and the revolution per minutes is 1500. Given that the carry over
factor is 0.88, and that the blades are equiangular (the blade velocity coefficient is 0.87).
Calculate the steam velocity at the outlet from nozzles, blade angles, and gross stage efficiency.

Num. 4:
A velocity compounded impulse wheel has two rows of moving blades with a mean diameter of
711.2 mm. The speed of rotation is 3000rpm, the nozzle angle is 160 and the estimated steam
velocity at the nozzle outlet is 554.73m/s. The mass flow rate of the steam passing through the
blades is 5.07 kg/s.

Assuming that the energy loss in each row of blades (moving and fixed) is 24% of the kinetic
energy of the steam entering the blades and referred to as the relative velocity, and that the outlet
angles of the blades are:

(1) First row of moving blades 180,

(2) Intermediate guide blade 220,

(3) Second row of moving blades is 380, draw the diagram of relative velocities and derive the
following.

Blade inlet angles

Power developed in each row of blades

Efficiency of the wheel as a whole

Num. 5:
The following particulars refer to a stage of an impulse-reaction turbine.
Outlet angle of fixed blades = 200

Outlet angle of moving blades = 300

Radial height of fixed blades =100mm

Radial height of moving blades =100mm

Mean blade velocity = 138m/s

Ratio of blade speed to steam speed = 0.625

Specific volume of steam at fixed blade outlet =1.235

Specific volume of steam at moving blade outlet =1.305

Calculation the degree of reaction, the adiabatic heat drop in pair of blade rings, and the gross
stage efficiency, given the following coefficients which may be assumed to be the same in both
fixed and moving blades : =0.9 =0.86

Conceptual Questions:

1. What are the components of impulse turbine?

2. What is working principle of impulse turbine?

3. Why is pelton turbine used for high head?

4. Describe the constructional details of a pelton wheel? Explain with diagram?

5. Describe the governing mechanism of an impulse turbine? Draw a neat sketch?

6. What is breaking jet in pelton wheel turbine?

7. Why draft tube is not used in impulse turbine?

8. How is impulse turbine different from reaction turbine in construction and working?

9. Why spear valve is used in pelton turbine?

10. Draw inlet and outlet velocity triangles for impulse turbine? Explain in detail.

11. Define runner efficiency, hydraulic efficiency, and mechanical efficiency and write a relation
between them?

12. Why splitter ridge is used in impulse turbine blade?

13. Why camber angle in impulse turbine cannot be 1800?

14. State the condition for maximum efficiency of an impulse turbine? Derive a relation for it?

15. Why surge tank is used at the inlet of impulse turbine?