Image Forgery Detection Using Feature Point Matching and Adaptive Over Segmentation

IDL - International Digital Library Of
Technology & Research

Volume 1, Issue 4, Apr 2017 Available at: www.dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017
Image Forgery Detection Using Feature

Point Matching and Adaptive Over
Segmentation
Seema Sultana, Sunanda Dixit
Department of Information Sciences, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering,
Bangalore, India
Seemasultna17@gmil.com
Abstract: A duplicate move fabrication applies the morphological operation to the
location conspire utilizing highlight point combined locales to create the identified
coordinating and versatile over-division is fabrication areas. The trial comes about show
worked here. This plan coordinates both that the proposed duplicate move falsification
square based and key point-based falsification identification plan can accomplish much better
location strategies. To start with, the proposed location comes about even under different
Adaptive Over-Segmentation calculation testing conditions contrasted and the current
fragments the host picture into non-covering cutting edge duplicate move fabrication
and sporadic pieces adaptively. At that point, discovery strategies.
the component focuses are removed from each Key words: Adaptive-Over Segmentation,
piece as square elements, and the square Forgery Region Extraction, Fabrication areas
elements are coordinated with each other to
1 Introduction
find the named include focuses, this strategy
can around show the presumed fraud districts. The presentation and quick spread of
To recognize the phony locales all the more computerized control to even now and moving
precisely, the Forgery Region Extraction pictures raises moral issues of truth,
calculation is exhibited, which replaces the misdirection, and advanced picture
component focuses with little superpixels as uprightness. With experts testing the moral
highlight pieces. At that point combines the limits of truth, it makes a potential loss of
neighboring hinders that have comparable open trust in computerized media [1]. This
nearby shading highlights into the component spurs the requirement for location devices that
squares to create the blended areas. At last, it are straightforward to altering and can tell
IDL - International Digital Library 1|P a g e Copyright@IDL-2017


whether a picture has been altered just by of data, and the dependability of computerized
investigating the altered picture. Picture pictures is along these lines turning into an
altering is a computerized craftsmanship essential issue [4]. As of late, an ever
which needs comprehension of picture increasing number of scientists have started to
properties and great visual imagination [2]. concentrate on the issue of computerized
One alters pictures for different reasons either picture altering. Of the current sorts of picture
to appreciate fun of computerized works altering, a typical control of an advanced
making mind boggling photographs or to picture is duplicate move falsification, which
deliver false confirmation. Regardless of is to glue one or a few replicated region(s) of a
whatever the reason for act may be, the picture into different part(s) of a similar
falsifier ought to utilize a solitary or a blend picture.
arrangement of picture handling operations.
Copy-Move Operation
Image Segmentation
Amid the duplicate and move operations, some
Division is the way toward apportioning an picture preparing techniques, for example,
advanced picture into different portions (sets revolution, scaling, obscuring, pressure, and
of pixels) [3]. The objective of division is to clamor expansion are once in a while
streamline and additionally change the connected to make persuading falsifications.
portrayal of a picture into something that is Since the duplicate and move parts are
more important and simpler to break down. replicated from a similar picture, the
Picture division is normally used to find commotion segment, shading character and
articles and limits (lines, bends, and so on.) in other essential properties are perfect with the
pictures. All the more correctly, picture rest of the picture; a portion of the imitation
division is the way toward doling out a mark recognition strategies that depend on the
to each pixel in a picture to such an extent that related picture properties are not pertinent for
pixels with a similar name share certain visual this situation. In earlier years, numerous
qualities. fabrication location techniques have been
proposed for duplicate move imitation
Image Forgery Detection
identification.
Computerized picture fraud has been
progressively simple to perform, because of 2 Detection Methods
the advancement of PC innovation and picture The copy-move forgery detection methods fall
preparing programming. Nonetheless, under two main categories:
advanced pictures are a well-known wellspring


Block-based algorithms strategies, it is a picture blocking strategy
Feature keypoint-based algorithms. brought the Adaptive Over-Segmentation
calculation to separate the host picture into
Block-Based Methods:
non-covering and sporadic pieces adaptively.
In the existing block-based methods, the image At that point, like the key point-based phony
is segmented into overlapping and regular recognition techniques, the element focuses
image blocks. Then the forgery regions are are extricated from each picture hinder as
identified by matching blocks of image pixels square elements as opposed to being removed
or transform coefficients. Some of the bloc- from the entire host picture as in the
based methods are PCA, DCT, DWT, and conventional key point-base strategies [7].
SVD [5].
Key-point based algorithms:
An alternative to the block-based methods,

keypoint-based forgery detection methods are
proposed, where image keypoints are extracted
and matched over the whole image to resist
some image transformations while identifying
duplicated regions.
Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) is

applied to host images to extract feature
points, which are then match to one another.
When the value of the shift vector exceeded Fig 1: Framework for copy-move forgery detection
the threshold, the sets of corresponding SIFT scheme
feature points are defined as the forgery The Adaptive Over-Segmentation calculation,
region. Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) which is like when the extent of the host
is also applied to extract image feature instead pictures builds, the coordinating calculation of
of SIFT [6]. the covering pieces will be considerably more
costly. To address these issues, the Adaptive
3 Proposed System
Over-division technique was proposed, which
This plan incorporates both the conventional can portion the host picture into non-covering
square based phony location strategies and key areas of sporadic shape as picture pieces a
point-based imitation recognition techniques. short time later, the imitation locales can be
Like square based phony identification


recognized by coordinating those non- After the host picture is sectioned into picture
covering and unpredictabledistricts. squares, piece components are separated from
Divisiontechnique, the non-covering division the picture squares (IB). The conventional
can diminish the computational costs piece based falsification identification
contrasted and the covering blocking; techniques extricated elements of an
moreover, as a rule, the sporadic and indistinguishable length from the square
significant areas can speak to the fraud district elements or specifically utilized the pixels of
superior to the consistent squares. the picture obstruct as the square components.
Notwithstanding, these components reflect
mostly the substance of the picture pieces,
forgetting the area data. Additionally, these
components are not impervious to different
picture changes. Along these lines, in this
venture, the component focuses are extricated
from each picture hinder as square elements
and the element focuses ought to be powerful
to different twists, for example, picture
Fig 2: Flowchart of Adaptive-Over-Segmentation scaling, revolution, and JPEG pressure.
4 Results
In addition to the plain copy-move forgery,

have tested proposed scheme when the copied
regions are distorted by various attacks [8]. In
this case, the forged images are generated by
using each of the 48 images in the dataset, and
the copied regions are attacked by geometric
distortions that include scaling and rotation
and common signal processing such as JPEG
compression.
Fig 3: Flowchart of Block Feature Matching

Algorithm

Fig 4: Input Image Fig 5: SIFT Feature Detected Points
Fig 6: SURF Feature Detected Points


Fig 7: Matched Points Future work could focus on applying the
proposed forgery detection scheme based on
adaptive over-segmentation and feature-point
matching on other types of forgery, such as
splicing or other types of media, for example,
video and audio.
References
[1] J. Fridrich, D. Soukal, and J. Luk,

Detection of copymove forgery in digital
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[2] X. B. Kang and S. M. Wei, Identifying

tampered regions using singular value
decomposition in digital image forensics, in
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Fig 8: Forgery Detected [3] S. Bayram, H. T. Sencar,An efficient and
5 Conclusion robust method for copymove forgery, in
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[6] X. Y. Pan and S. Lyu, "Region Duplication Forensics and Security, IEEE Transactions on,
Detection Using Image Feature Matching," vol. 7, pp. 1018-1028, 2012.
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IDL - International Digital Library Of

Technology & Research

International e-Journal For Technology And Research-2017