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  • Radiation Heat Transfer-Gray, Black Body

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    Ahmad Daniel
    76 visualizzazioni4 pagine
    This document discusses radiation heat transfer and the radiation properties of black bodies and gray bodies. It defines a black body as one that absorbs all radiation and describes Stefan-Boltzmann's law for radiation heat transfer from black bodies. It then explains that gray bodies only absorb some radiation, characterized by their emissivity coefficient, and radiation heat transfer can be calculated using Stefan-Boltzmann's law modified with the emissivity coefficient. Net radiation heat loss from hot objects to cooler surroundings can also be calculated using these principles.

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    Heat Transfer

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    Radiation Heat Transfer-gray, Black Body

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    This document discusses radiation heat transfer and the radiation properties of black bodies and gray bodies. It defines a black body as one that absorbs all radiation and describes Stefan-Boltzmann's law for radiation heat transfer from black bodies. It then explains that gray bodies only absorb some radiation, characterized by their emissivity coefficient, and radiation heat transfer can be calculated using Stefan-Boltzmann's law modified with the emissivity coefficient. Net radiation heat loss from hot objects to cooler surroundings can also be calculated using these principles.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    76 visualizzazioni4 pagine

    Radiation Heat Transfer-Gray, Black Body

    Caricato da

    Ahmad Daniel
    This document discusses radiation heat transfer and the radiation properties of black bodies and gray bodies. It defines a black body as one that absorbs all radiation and describes Stefan-Boltzmann's law for radiation heat transfer from black bodies. It then explains that gray bodies only absorb some radiation, characterized by their emissivity coefficient, and radiation heat transfer can be calculated using Stefan-Boltzmann's law modified with the emissivity coefficient. Net radiation heat loss from hot objects to cooler surroundings can also be calculated using these principles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Scarica in formato PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
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    Resources,ToolsandBasicInformationforEngineeringandDesignofTechnicalApplications! adaptsseamlesslytophones,padsanddesktops!

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    RadiationHeatTransfer
    Heattransferduetoemissionofelectromagneticwavesisknownasthermalradiation
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    Heattransferthroughradiationtakesplaceinformofelectromagneticwavesmainlyintheinfraredregion.Radiationemittedbyabodyisaconsequenceofthermal
    agitationofitscomposingmolecules.Radiationheattransfercanbedescribedbyreferencetothe'blackbody'.

    TheBlackBody

    Theblackbodyisdefinedasabodythatabsorbsallradiationthatfallsonitssurface.Actualblackbodiesdon'texistinnaturethoughitscharacteristicsare
    approximatedbyaholeinaboxfilledwithhighlyabsorptivematerial.TheemissionspectrumofsuchablackbodywasfirstfullydescribedbyMaxPlanck.

    Ablackbodyisahypotheticalbodythatcompletelyabsorbsallwavelengthsofthermalradiationincidentonit.Suchbodiesdonotreflectlight,andthereforeappearblack
    iftheirtemperaturesarelowenoughsoasnottobeselfluminous.Allblackbodiesheatedtoagiventemperatureemitthermalradiation.

    TheradiationenergyperunittimefromablackbodyisproportionaltothefourthpoweroftheabsolutetemperatureandcanbeexpressedwithStefanBoltzmannLaw
    as

    q=T4A(1)

    where

    q=heattransferperunittime(W)

    =5.6703108(W/m2K4)TheStefanBoltzmannConstant

    T=absolutetemperatureinKelvin(K)

    A=areaoftheemittingbody(m2)

    TheStefanBoltzmannConstantinImperialUnits

    =5.6703108(W/m2K4)

    =1.714109(Btu/(hft 2 oR4))

    =1.191011(Btu/(hin2oR4))
    Heatradiationfromablackbodysurroundingsabsolutezero(pdf)

    ExampleHeatRadiationfromthesurfaceoftheSun

    Ifthesurfacetemperatureofthesunis5800Kandifweassumethatthesuncanberegardedasablackbodytheradiationenergyperunitareacanbeexpressedby
    modifying(1)to

    q/A=T4

    =(5.6703108W/m2K4)(5800K)4

    =6.42107(W/m2)

    GrayBodiesandEmissivityCoefficients
    Forobjectsotherthanidealblackbodies('graybodies')theStefanBoltzmannLawcanbeexpressedas

    q=T4A(2)

    where

    =emissivitycoefficientoftheobject(one1forablackbody)

    Forthegraybodytheincidentradiation(alsocalledirradiation)ispartlyreflected,absorbedortransmitted.

    Theemissivitycoefficientisintherange0<<1,dependingonthetypeofmaterialandthetemperatureofthesurface.

    oxidizedIronat390 oF(199 oC)>=0.64


    polishedCopperat100 oF(38 oC)>=0.03
    emissivitycoefficientsforsomecommonmaterials

    NetRadiationLossRate
    Ifanhotobjectisradiatingenergytoitscoolersurroundingsthenetradiationheatlossratecanbeexpressedas

    q=(Th4Tc4)Ac(3)

    where

    Th=hotbodyabsolutetemperature(K)

    Tc=coldsurroundingsabsolutetemperature(K)

    Ac=areaoftheobject(m2)

    Radiationconstantsforsomecommonbuildingmaterials

    Heatlossfromaheatedsurfacetounheatedsurroundingswithmeanradianttemperaturesareindicatedinthechartbelow.
    Lambert'scosinelaw
    HeatemissionfromasurfaceinananglecanbeexpressedwithLambert'scosinelawas

    q =qcos(4)

    where

    q =heatemissioninangle

    q=heatemissionfromthesurface

    =angle

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