Calculator Levelized Cost of Electricity and FIT Comparison V1.0

Calculator of Levelized C
Electricity for Power

Generation Technologie
Version 1.0
Date: 03. February 2014
Author: Daniel Frstenwerth
Suggested citation:
Agora Energiewende (2013): Calculator of Levelized Cost of Electricity for Power Generation Technologys
ized Cost of
er
logies
tion Technologys
Calculator of Levelized Cost of
Generation Technologies
What is the purpose of this tool?

Agora Energiewende aims to provide a simple tool to enable anybody interested to calculate the cost for electr
technologies under different assumptions. The key insight of Agora Energiewende is that under realistic assum
plants are all within the same cost range of 8 to 9 cents per kilowatt hour.
How are the levelized cost of electricity calculated for each technology?
To compare the cost of electricity production of different technologies, the total specific cost of each technology
power plant and an average is calculated ("levelized cost of electricity"). The calculation methodology used is e
simplification the methodology applied is based on a single input parameter over all years considered - for exam
assumed for the entire lifetime of a power plant.
What is the origin of the assumptions used by Agora Energiewende?

We have largely based the assumptions on recent studies of the Institute for Energy Economicy of the Universit
an der Universitt zu Kln - EWI). For the assumptions regarding renewable energies more recent sources hav
hours per year" for fossil fuel power plants, we have used bandwidth which are based on an outlook of expecte
progressing expansion of renewable energies (for details see tab "Background Full Load Hours").
All sources, as well as further assumptions used in other studies for comparison, are listed in the tabs "Paramet
"Assumptions Fuel&CO2".
What happens if you change the assumptions?

The Excel-tool allows anyone to change all parameters and thus analyse the effects that a variation of different
electricity. To analyse the the impact of the variation of a single parameter on the resulting levelized cost of elec
"Sensitivity Analysis".
Who can I turn to for further questions?

This tool was developed by Daniel Frstenwerth, Senior Associate at Agora Energiewende. For any questions p
energiewende.de
lized Cost of Electricity for Power
ologies
calculate the cost for electricity produced by different power generation

that under realistic assumptions, new gas, coal, wind and solar power
ic cost of each technology are calculated over the entire lifetime of the
ion methodology used is explained in detail in the tab "LCOE formula". For
years considered - for example only one price for CO2 certificates is
Economicy of the University of Cologne ("Energiewirtschaftliches Institut

s more recent sources have been used. For the key parameter "full load
d on an outlook of expected declining utilization rates in face of a
oad Hours").
listed in the tabs "Parameter Fossil Plants" , "Parameter Wind &Solar" and
that a variation of different assumptions has. on the levelized cost of

ulting levelized cost of electricity a graphical tool is provided on the tab
wende. For any questions please contact daniel.fuerstenwerth@agora-

Fossil Fuel Plants
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (new) Source
Lower Estimate Upper Estimate
(High Utilization) (Low Utilization)
Investment cost (EUR/kW) 900 900 EWI
WACC (%) 12% 12% EWI

Technical lifetime of plant (years) 30 30 EWI
Fix operating cost (EUR/kW/year) 27 27 EWI
Variable operating cost (EUR/MWhelekt) 0 0 EWI
Fuel cost (EUR/MWhtherm) 23.2 23.2 EWI
CO2-Cost(EUR/tCO2) 11.2 11.2 EWI
Efficiency (only fossil fuel plants, in %) 60% 60% EWI
CO2 Emmission factor (tCO2/MWhtherm) 0.202 0.202 EWI
Band-
Full load hours per year (h) 4000 2000 width
Calculations (pro kW)

kWhelectr per year 4000 2000
Capital cost peryear (EUR) 112 112
Operation-& Fuel cost per year (EUR) 181.7 104.3
CO2-Cost per year (EUR) 15.1 7.5
Levelized Cost of Electricity (ct/kWh) 7.71 11.18

Capital cost (ct/kWh) 2.8 5.6
Operating cost(ct/kWh) 4.9 5.6
14
12
10
2
6
0
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (new) Hard Coal
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (new)

Unterer Wert 7.7
Oberer Wert 3.5
Renewable Power Plants
Hard Coal (new) Source Wind Power Source
Lower Estimate Upper Estimate Lower Estimate Upper Estimate
(High Efficiency (Regula Plant, (Standard (Investment Cost for
Plant, High Medium Investment Cost, Low-Wind-Speed-
Utilization) Utilization) Good Location) Design, Average
Location)
2250 1500 EWI 1250 1500 Agora
12% 12% EWI 7% 7% EWI

50 50 EWI 20 20 EWI
56 45 EWI 31 38 Agora
0 0 EWI 0 0
10.0 10.0 EWI 0 0
11.2 11.2 EWI 0 0
50% 46% EWI 0 0
0.339 0.339 EWI 0 0
Band- Band-
6000 3000 width 2500 2000 width
6000 3000 2500 2000

271 181 118 142
176.0 110.2 31.3 37.5
45.6 24.8 0.0 0.0
8.21 10.52 5.97 8.95

4.5 6.0 4.7 7.1
3.7 4.5 1.3 1.9
new) Hard Coal (new) Wind Power Solar Power - la
Hard Coal (new) Wind Power

8.2 6.0
2.3 3.0
Solar Power - large scale Source Solar Power - Small Rooftop Source
(Low (High (Low (High
Investment Investment Investment Investment
Cost) Cost) Cost) Cost)
800 900 Agora 1000 1300 Agora
7% 7% EWI 7% 7% EWI
30 30 Agora 30 30 Agora
17 17 EWI 17 17 EWI
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1000 1000 1000 1000
1000 1000 1000 1000

64 73 81 105
17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
8.15 8.95 9.76 12.18

6.4 7.3 8.1 10.5
1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7
Solar Power - large scale Solar Power - Small Rooftop

8.1 9.8
0.8 2.4
ftop
Combined Cycle Gas Turb

7.7119656283 8.2083182145 5.9696462872
3.4682322949 2.3118193082 2.9848231436
Solar Power - large scaleSolar Power - Small Rooftop
8.1469122809 9.7586403511
0.8058640351 2.4175921053
Fossil Fuel Plants
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (new) Source
Lower Estimate Upper Estimate
(High Utilization) (Low Utilization)
Investment cost (EUR/kW) 900 900 EWI
WACC (%) 12% 12% EWI

Technical lifetime of plant (years) 30 30 EWI
Fix operating cost (EUR/kW/year) 27 27 EWI
Variable operating cost (EUR/MWhelekt) 0 0 EWI
Fuel cost (EUR/MWhtherm) 23.2 23.2 EWI
CO2-Cost(EUR/tCO2) 11.2 11.2 EWI
Efficiency (only fossil fuel plants, in %) 60% 60% EWI
CO2 Emmission factor (tCO2/MWhtherm) 0.202 0.202 EWI
Band-
Full load hours per year (h) 4000 2000 width

kWhelectr per year 4000 2000
Capital cost peryear (EUR) 112 112
Operation-& Fuel cost per year (EUR) 181.7 104.3
CO2-Cost per year (EUR) 15.1 7.5
Levelized Cost of Electricity (ct/kWh) 7.71 11.18

Capital cost (ct/kWh) 2.8 5.6
Operating cost(ct/kWh) 4.9 5.6
14
12
10
0
4
0
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (new) Hard Coal (new)

Unterer Wert 7.7
Oberer Wert 3.5
Renewable Power Plants
Hard Coal (new) Source Wind Power Source
(High Efficiency (Regula Plant, (Standard (Investment Cost for
Plant, High Medium Investment Cost, Low-Wind-Speed-
Utilization) Utilization) Good Location) Design, Average
Location)
2250 1500 EWI 1250 1500 Agora
12% 12% EWI 7% 7% EWI

50 50 EWI 20 20 EWI
56 45 EWI 31 38 Agora
0 0 EWI 0 0
10.0 10.0 EWI 0 0
11.2 11.2 EWI 0 0
50% 46% EWI 0 0
0.339 0.339 EWI 0 0
Band- Band-
6000 3000 width 2500 2000 width
6000 3000 2500 2000

271 181 118 142
176.0 110.2 31.3 37.5
45.6 24.8 0.0 0.0
8.21 10.52 5.97 8.95

4.5 6.0 4.7 7.1
3.7 4.5 1.3 1.9
Hard Coal (new) Wind Power Solar Power - large

8.2 6.0
2.3 3.0
Solar Power - large scale Source Nuclear Source
(Low (High (Maximum (Medium
Investment Investment Utilization, Utilization,
Cost) Cost) minimum Cost typical cost of
of Capital) capital)
800 900 Agora 6000 6000 DIW
7% 7% EWI 10% 10% EDF/Reuters

30 30 Agora 60 60 EWI
17 17 EWI 96.6 96.6 EWI
0 0 0 0
0 0 3.3 3.3 EWI
0 0 0 0
0 0 33% 33% EWI
0 0 0 0
Band-
1000 1000 7446 6000 width
1000 1000 7446 6000

64 73 602 602
17.0 17.0 171.1 156.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
8.15 8.95 10.38 12.64

6.4 7.3 8.1 10.0
1.7 1.7 2.3 2.6
Solar Power - large scale Nuclear
Solar Power - large scale Nuclear

8.1 10.4
0.8 2.3
Combined Cycle Hard Coal (new) Wind Power Solar Power - larNuclear
7.7119656283 8.2083182145 5.9696462872 8.1469122809 10.3819104936
3.4682322949 2.3118193082 2.9848231436 0.8058640351 2.261040429
Sensitivity Analysis of Assumptions (Monofactorial)
Please choose technology Combined Cycle Power Plants

Ausgangsparameter
Investment cost (EUR/kW) (nicht verndern) 900
Sensitivity: Investment cost: 450 - 1350 (EUR/kW)
WACC (%) 0.12Row 16 Row 17
Technical lifetime of plant (years) 30

Row 18
Fix operating cost (EUR/kW/year) 27Row 19 Row 20
Variable operating cost (EUR/MWhelekt) 0
Fuel cost (EUR/MWhtherm)
Row 21 23.2Row 22
CO2-Cost(EUR/tCO2) 11.2
ct/kWh
Efficiency (only fossil fuel plants, in %) 0.6
CO212Emmission factor (tCO2/MWhtherm) 0.202
Full 10
load hours per year (h) 3000
Minimum of bandwidth....... Medium value ....... Maximum of bandwidth
Sensitivity Investment cost

Investment cost (EUR/kW) 900.00
WACC (%) 0.12
Technical lifetime of plant (years) 30.00
Fix operating cost (EUR/kW/year) 27.00
Variable operating cost (EUR/MWhelekt) 0.00
Fuel cost (EUR/MWhtherm) 23.20
CO2 Emmission factor (tCO2/MWhtherm) 0.20
Full load hours per year (h) 3000.00
kWhelectr per year 3000
Capital cost peryear (EUR) 112
Operation-& Fuel cost per year (EUR) 143.0
CO2-Cost per year (EUR) 11.3
Sensitivity WACC
WACC (%) 0.12
Sensitivity Lebensdauer
WACC (%) 0.12
Sensitivity Fix operating cost

WACC (%) 0.12
Sensitivity Fuel cost

WACC (%) 0.12
Sensitivity CO2 certificate cost

WACC (%) 0.12
Sensitivity Efficiency
WACC (%) 0.12
Sensitivity Utilization
WACC (%) 0.12
bertrag von Ausgangsparametern

Lower Estimate
(hohe Utilization)
Investment cost (EUR/kW) 900

WACC (%) 12%
Fix operating cost (EUR/kW/year) 27
Efficiency (only fossil fuel plants, in %) 60%
0
Full load hours per year (h) 4000
bertrag von Ausgangsparametern

Combined Cycle Power Plants

WACC (%) 0.12
Fix operating cost (EUR/kW/year) 27
0
Selection for each parameter include / exclude (...in graph
Value of variation for a
Sensitivity: Investment cost include

Row 16 Row 17
450 675 900
7.01 7.94 8.87
Row 19 Row 20 Sensitivity: WACC exclude
6% 9% 12%
Row 22 7.32 8.06 8.87
Sensitivity: Technical lifetime of plant exclude
15 23 30
9.55 9.05 8.87
Sensitivity: Fix operating cost exclude
14 20 27
8.42 8.64 8.87
Sensitivity: Fuel cost exclude
12 17 23
6.93 7.90 8.87
Sensitivity: CO2 certificate cost exclude
6 8 11
8.68 8.77 8.87
Sensitivity: Efficiency exclude
30% 45% 60%
13.11 10.28 8.87
Sensitivity: Utilization exclude
1500 2250 3000
.. Maximum of bandwidth
13.49 10.41 8.87
7.01 7.94 8.87

450.00 675.00 900.00
0.12 0.12 0.12
30.00 30.00 30.00
27.00 27.00 27.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
23.20 23.20 23.20
11.20 11.20 11.20
0.60 0.60 0.60
0.20 0.20 0.20
3000.00 3000.00 3000.00
3000 3000 3000
56 84 112
143.0 143.0 143.0
11.3 11.3 11.3
7.32 8.06 8.87

900.00 900.00 900.00
0.06 0.09 0.12
30.00 30.00 30.00
27.00 27.00 27.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
23.20 23.20 23.20
11.20 11.20 11.20
0.60 0.60 0.60
0.20 0.20 0.20
3000.00 3000.00 3000.00
3000 3000 3000

65 88 112
143.0 143.0 143.0
11.3 11.3 11.3
9.55 9.05 8.87

900.00 900.00 900.00
0.12 0.12 0.12
15.00 22.50 30.00
27.00 27.00 27.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
23.20 23.20 23.20
11.20 11.20 11.20
0.60 0.60 0.60
0.20 0.20 0.20
3000.00 3000.00 3000.00
3000 3000 3000

132 117 112
143.0 143.0 143.0
11.3 11.3 11.3
8.42 8.64 8.87

900.00 900.00 900.00
0.12 0.12 0.12
30.00 30.00 30.00
13.50 20.25 27.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
23.20 23.20 23.20
11.20 11.20 11.20
0.60 0.60 0.60
0.20 0.20 0.20
3000.00 3000.00 3000.00
3000 3000 3000

112 112 112
129.5 136.3 143.0
11.3 11.3 11.3
6.93 7.90 8.87

900.00 900.00 900.00
0.12 0.12 0.12
30.00 30.00 30.00
27.00 27.00 27.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
11.60 17.40 23.20
11.20 11.20 11.20
0.60 0.60 0.60
0.20 0.20 0.20
3000.00 3000.00 3000.00
3000 3000 3000

112 112 112
85.0 114.0 143.0
11.3 11.3 11.3
8.68 8.77 8.87

900.00 900.00 900.00
0.12 0.12 0.12
30.00 30.00 30.00
27.00 27.00 27.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
23.20 23.20 23.20
5.60 8.40 11.20
0.60 0.60 0.60
0.20 0.20 0.20
3000.00 3000.00 3000.00
3000 3000 3000

112 112 112
143.0 143.0 143.0
5.7 8.5 11.3
13.11 10.28 8.87

900.00 900.00 900.00
0.12 0.12 0.12
30.00 30.00 30.00
27.00 27.00 27.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
23.20 23.20 23.20
11.20 11.20 11.20
0.30 0.45 0.60
0.20 0.20 0.20
3000.00 3000.00 3000.00
3000 3000 3000

112 112 112
259.0 181.7 143.0
22.6 15.1 11.3
13.49 10.41 8.87

900.00 900.00 900.00
0.12 0.12 0.12
30.00 30.00 30.00
27.00 27.00 27.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
23.20 23.20 23.20
11.20 11.20 11.20
0.60 0.60 0.60
0.20 0.20 0.20
1500.00 2250.00 3000.00
1500 2250 3000

112 112 112
85.0 114.0 143.0
5.7 8.5 11.3
bine (new) Hard Coal (new) Wind Power

Upper Estimate Lower Estimate Upper Estimate Lower
(geringe Utilization) (hohe Utilization) (geringe Utilization) Estimate
(Standard
Investitions-
kosten,
guter
Standort)
900 2250 1500 1250

12% 12% 12% 7%
30 50 50 20
27 56 45 31
0 0 0 0
23.2 10.0 10.0 0.0
11.2 11.2 11.2 0.0
60% 50% 46% 1%
0.202 0.339 0.339 0.000
0 0 0 0
2000 6000 3000 2500
Hard Coal Power Plant Wind Power Solar Power - large Solar Power- Rooftop
1875 1375 850 1150

0.12 0.07 0.07 0.07
50 20 30 30
50.5 34.375 17 17
0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0
11.2 0 0 0
0.48 0.01 0.01 0.01
0.339 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
4500 2250 1000 1000
ude / exclude (...in graph on the left hand side)
Value of variation for analysis +/- in %
50%
1125 1350 include
9.80 10.73 exclude
50% exclude
15% 18% exclude
9.71 10.58 exclude
50% exclude
38 45 exclude
8.80 8.77 exclude
50%
34 41
9.09 9.32
50%
29 35
9.83 10.80
50%
14 17
8.96 9.06
50%
75% 90%
8.02 7.45
50%
3750 4500
7.94 7.33
9.80 10.73
1125.00 1350.00
0.12 0.12
30.00 30.00
27.00 27.00
0.00 0.00
23.20 23.20
11.20 11.20
0.60 0.60
0.20 0.20
3000.00 3000.00
3000 3000
140 168
143.0 143.0
11.3 11.3
9.71 10.58
900.00 900.00
0.15 0.18
30.00 30.00
27.00 27.00
0.00 0.00
23.20 23.20
11.20 11.20
0.60 0.60
0.20 0.20
3000.00 3000.00
3000 3000
137 163
143.0 143.0
11.3 11.3
8.80 8.77
900.00 900.00
0.12 0.12
37.50 45.00
27.00 27.00
0.00 0.00
23.20 23.20
11.20 11.20
0.60 0.60
0.20 0.20
3000.00 3000.00
3000 3000
110 109
143.0 143.0
11.3 11.3
9.09 9.32
900.00 900.00
0.12 0.12
30.00 30.00
33.75 40.50
0.00 0.00
23.20 23.20
11.20 11.20
0.60 0.60
0.20 0.20
3000.00 3000.00
3000 3000
112 112
149.8 156.5
11.3 11.3
9.83 10.80
900.00 900.00
0.12 0.12
30.00 30.00
27.00 27.00
0.00 0.00
29.00 34.80
11.20 11.20
0.60 0.60
0.20 0.20
3000.00 3000.00
3000 3000
112 112
172.0 201.0
11.3 11.3
8.96 9.06
900.00 900.00
0.12 0.12
30.00 30.00
27.00 27.00
0.00 0.00
23.20 23.20
14.00 16.80
0.60 0.60
0.20 0.20
3000.00 3000.00
3000 3000
112 112
143.0 143.0
14.1 17.0
8.02 7.45
900.00 900.00
0.12 0.12
30.00 30.00
27.00 27.00
0.00 0.00
23.20 23.20
11.20 11.20
0.75 0.90
0.20 0.20
3000.00 3000.00
3000 3000
112 112
119.8 104.3
9.0 7.5
7.94 7.33
900.00 900.00
0.12 0.12
30.00 30.00
27.00 27.00
0.00 0.00
23.20 23.20
11.20 11.20
0.60 0.60
0.20 0.20
3750.00 4500.00
3750 4500
112 112
172.0 201.0
14.1 17.0

Upper Estimate Lower Upper Lower Estimate(niedrige
(Investitions-kosten Estimate(niedrig Estimate Investitions-kosten)
fr Schwachwind- e Investitions- (hhere
auslegung, miger kosten) Investitions-
Standort) kosten)
1500 800 900 1000

7% 7% 7% 7%
20 30 30 30
38 17 17 17
0 0 0 0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1% 1% 1% 1%
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0 0 0 0
2000 1000 1000 1000
Power- Rooftop
Sensitivity: Investment cost: 450 - 1350 (EUR/kW) 7.01 7.94 8.87
Sensitivity: WACC: 0.06 - 0.18 (%) 7.32 8.06 8.87
Sensitivity: Technical lifetime of plant: 15 - 45 (year 9.55 9.05 8.87
Sensitivity: Fix operating cost: 13.5 - 40.5 (EUR/kW 8.42 8.64 8.87
Sensitivity: Fuel cost: 11.6 - 34.8 (EUR/MWh) 6.93 7.90 8.87
Sensitivity: CO2 certificate cost: 5.6 - 16.8 (EUR/t 8.68 8.77 8.87
Sensitivity: Efficiency: 0.3 - 0.9 (%) 13.11 10.28 8.87
Sensitivity: Utilization: 1500 - 4500 (h/year) 13.49 10.41 8.87
Sensitivity: Investment cost: 450 - 1350 (EUR/kW) 7.01 7.94 8.87

Upper Estimate(hhere Investitions-kosten)
1300
7%
30
17
0
0.0
0.0
1%
0.000
0
1000
9.80 10.73
9.71 10.58
8.80 8.77
9.09 9.32
9.83 10.80
8.96 9.06
8.02 7.45
7.94 7.33
9.80 10.73
Parameter value and source for assumption
Investment cost and Efficiency Source: EWI, Trendstudie 2022, Appendix

Hard coal plant
http://www.energiewende-richtig.de/studie/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-als-stres
Hard coal plant (new) EUR/kW 2250

Efficiency % 50%
Fix operating cost Source: EWI Trendstudie 2022, Appendix
Hard coal plant EUR/kW/year 56
Investment cost und Efficiency Source Investment cost: EWI, Untersuchung zu

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine zukunftsfhigen Strommarktdesign; Source Effic
Roadmap 2050 - a closer look
http://www.bmwi.de/DE/Mediathek/publikationen,did=486258.htmlhttp://www.ewi.uni-koe
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine EUR/kW 900

Efficiency % 60%
Fix operating cost Source: EWI Trendstudie 2022, Appendix

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine EUR/kW/year 27
WACC Source: EWI Trendstudie 2022, P.33

http://www.energiewende-richtig.de/studie
Hard Coal Plant, Combined Cycle Gas Turbi % 12%
Technical lifetime of plant Source: EWI Trendstudie 2022, Appendix

Hard coal plant years 50

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine years 45
Emission factor Source: EWI Trendstudie 2022, Appendix

Hard coal tCO2/Mwhtherm 0.339

Gas tCO2/Mwhtherm 0.202
source for assumption Further parameter values and sources (Examples)
udie 2022, Appendix Source: EWI Trendstudie 2022, Appendix Source: DIW, Current and
/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-als-stresstest-der-elektrizitaetsversorgung-und-bli http://www.energiewende-richtig.de/studie/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-als-stresstest-derhttp://www.diw.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=diw_01.
"old" Technology: 1500 IGCC

"old" Technology: 39%
die 2022, Appendix Source: EWI, Roadmap 2050 - a closer look Source: DIW, Current and
/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-als-stresstest-der-elektrizitaetsversorgung-und-bli http://www.ewi.uni-koeln.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/Studien/Politik_und_Gesell http://www.diw.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=diw_01.
36.1 IGCC
st: EWI, Untersuchung zu einem Source: EWI Trendstudie 2022, Appendix Source: DIW, Current and
marktdesign; Source Efficiency: EWI,
ser look
ationen,did=486258.htmlhttp://www.ewi.uni-koeln.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/Studien/Politik_und_Gesellschaft/2011/Roadmap_2050_komplett_Endbericht_Web.pdf
http://www.energiewende-richtig.de/studie/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-als-stresstest-derhttp://www.diw.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=diw_01.
700 800
52% 60.2%
die 2022, Appendix Source: EWI, Roadmap 2050 - a closer look Source: DIW, Current and
/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-als-stresstest-der-elektrizitaetsversorgung-und-bli http://www.ewi.uni-koeln.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Publikationen/Studien/Politik_und_Gesell http://www.diw.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=diw_01.
28.2 20
die 2022, P.33 Source: DLR/IWES/IFNE, BMU Leitstudie 2011

http://www.dlr.de/tt/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2885/4422_read-15254/
wende-richtig.de/studie/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-als-stresstest-der-elektrizitaetsversorgung-und-blic
6%
die 2022, Appendix Source: DLR/IWES/IFNE, Leitstudie 2011

/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-als-stresstest-der-elektrizitaetsversorgung-und-bli http://www.dlr.de/tt/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2885/4422_read-15254/
Abschreibungsdauer: 25
Abschreibungsdauer: 25
die 2022, Appendix

/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-als-stresstest-der-elektrizitaetsversorgung-und-blick-d-0
ource: DIW, Current and Prospective Cost of Electricity Generation until 2050 Source: DLR/IWES/IFNE, BMU Leitstudie 201
://www.diw.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=diw_01.c.424588.de http://www.dlr.de/tt/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2885/4422_read-15254/
1800 PC (Supercritical)1300 PC (Subcritical)1200 1300

48.5% 46.1% 39% 47%
60 PC (Supercritical)25 PC (Subcritical)30 26
700
59%
14
NE, BMU Leitstudie 2011
abid-2885/4422_read-15254/

abid-2885/4422_read-15254/
abid-2885/4422_read-15254/

abid-2885/4422_read-15254/
Parameter value and source for ass
Investment cost Wind Power Plant (Standard) Source: EWI, Trendstudie 2022, Appe
http://www.energiewende-richtig.de/studie/energiewirtschaftlicher-schw
Wind Power Plant (Standard, in 2012) EUR/kW 1250
Investment cost Wind Power Plant (Low-windspeed-design) Source: Agora Energiewende, Kosteno
http://www.agora-energiewende.de/themen/optimierung/detailansicht/a
Wind Power Plant (Design for low-wind sites) EUR/kW 1500
Fix operating cost Wind Power Plant Source: Expert Interview
Wind Power Plant EUR/kW/year 31-38
Technical lifetime of plant Source: Expert Interview
Wind Power Plant years 20
Investment cost Solarkraftwerke - gro Source: Expert Interview

Solar Power Plant - large scale (upper estimate) EUR/kW 900
Solar Power Plant - large scale(lower estimate) EUR/kW 800
Investment cost Solar Power Source: Expert Interview

Solar Power Plant - small rooftop (upper estimate EUR/kW 1300
Solar Power Plant - small rooftop (lower estimate) EUR/kW 1000
Fix operating cost Solar Source: EWI, Trendstudie 2022, Appe

Solar EUR/kW/year 17
Technical lifetime of plant Source: Expert Interview
Solar years 30
WACC Source: EWI Trendstudie 2022, P.33

Renewable Energies EUR/kW 7%
Full load hours Wind - Reference values Source: Fraunhofer IWES, 2013: Kost
http://www.agora-energiewende.de/themen/optimierung/detailansicht/a
Wind Power Plant (Desin for strong wind locations Type h/year 2450
Wind Power Plant (Desin for strong wind locations Type h/year 3250
Wind Power Plant (Desin for low wind locations Type 1, h/year 2500
Wind Power Plant (Desin for low wind locations Type 2, h/year 2750
r value and source for assumption
WI, Trendstudie 2022, Appendix

wende-richtig.de/studie/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-als-stresstest-der-elektrizitaetsversorgung-und-blick-d-0
gora Energiewende, Kostenoptimaler Ausbau der Erneuerbaren Energien in Deutschlan

energiewende.de/themen/optimierung/detailansicht/article/grosser-handlungsspielraum-bei-ausbau-der-erneuerbaren-energien-1/
(~20% Additional cost compared to standard design)
xpert Interview
(2,5% of Investment cost per year)
xpert Interview
Expert Interview
Expert Interview
WI, Trendstudie 2022, Appendix

xpert Interview
WI Trendstudie 2022, P.33

raunhofer IWES, 2013: Kostenoptimaler Ausbau der Erneuerbaren Energien in Deutschland; Entwicklung der Windenergie in D
energiewende.de/themen/optimierung/detailansicht/article/fachgespraech-windenergie/
Further parameter values and sources (Examples)
Further assumptions for Wind onshore (without specification of design type) by year of investment, in EUR/kW
year 2012 2013 2014

Source: DLR/IWES/IFNE, BMU Leitstudie 2011
Source: DIW,Current and Prospective Costs of Electricity Generation until 2050
Source: EWI, Trendstudie 2022 1250 1244 1238
Source: DIW,Current and Prospective Costs of Electricist Generation until 2050 Source: EWI, Trendstudie 2022, A
http://www.diw.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=diw_01.c.424588.de http://www.energiewende-richtig.de/studie/energiewirtschaftlich
35 13
Source: DLR/IWES/IFNE, BMU Leitstudie 2011 Source: EWI, Trendstudie 2022, P

http://www.dlr.de/tt/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2885/4422_read-15254/ http://www.energiewende-richtig.de/studie/energiewirtschaftlich
Abschreibungsdauer: 18 20
Source: Estimation Chemical Industry, in EUR/kW

year 2012 2015 2020
Solar Power Plant - large scale (upper estimate) 1000 850 600
Solar Power Plant - large scale(lower estimate) 1000 813 500
Further assumptions on PV(without specification on type) by year of investment, in EUR/kW

year 2012 2013 2014
Source: DIW,Current and Prospective Costs of Electricity Generation until 2050
Source: EWI, Trendstudie 2022 2100 2030 1959
Source: DIW,Current and Prospective Costs of Electricist Generation until 2050 Source: DLR/IWES/IFNE, BMU Le
http://www.diw.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=diw_01.c.424588.de http://www.dlr.de/tt/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2885/4422_read
25 1% = 15-17
Source: DLR/IWES/IFNE, BMU Leitstudie 2011 Source: EWI, Trendstudie 2022, P

http://www.dlr.de/tt/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2885/4422_read-15254/ http://www.energiewende-richtig.de/studie/energiewirtschaftlich
Financing period: 20 20
Source: DLR/IWES/IFNE, BMU Leitstudie 2011

http://www.dlr.de/tt/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2885/4422_read-15254/
6%
n Deutschland; Entwicklung der Windenergie in Deutschland

nvestment, in EUR/kW
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1180 1030
1269 1240
1232 1225 1219 1213 1207 1200
e: EWI, Trendstudie 2022, Appendix Source: DLR/IWES/IFNE, BMU Leitstudie 2011

energiewende-richtig.de/studie/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-als-stresstest-der-elektrizitaetsversorgung- http://www.dlr.de/tt/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2885/4422_read-15254/
4% = 47,2
e: EWI, Trendstudie 2022, P.33

energiewende-richtig.de/studie/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-als-stresstest-der-elektrizitaetsversorgung-und-blick-d-0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

950 750
1880 1800 1750 1700 1650 1600
e: DLR/IWES/IFNE, BMU Leitstudie 2011
dlr.de/tt/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-2885/4422_read-15254/
e: EWI, Trendstudie 2022, P.33 Source: Chemichal Industry

energiewende-richtig.de/studie/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-als-stresstest-der-elektrizitaetsversorgung-und-blick-d-0
30
2022 2030
980
1182
1188
2022 2030
600
1500 600
Parameter value and source for assumpt
Investment cost and Efficiency Source: DIW, Current and Prospective Cost
Nuclear Power Plant
http://www.energiewende-richtig.de/studie/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-al
Nuclear power plant (new) EUR/kW 6000

Efficiency % 33%
Fix operating cost Source: EWI Trendstudie 2022
Nuclear power plant EUR/kW/year 96.6
Technical lifetime of plant Source: EWI Trendstudie 2022

Nuclear power plant years 60
Fuel Cost (in MWh therm) Source: EWI Trendstudie 2022

Uranium EUR/Mwhtherm 3.3
WACC Source: Press release EDF on new reactor b

http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/21/idUSnHUGdljv+70+ONE20131021
Nuclear power plant % 10%

source for assumption
and Prospective Cost of Electricity Generation until 2050
EDF on new reactor build in UK (Hinkley Point C)

/idUSnHUGdljv+70+ONE20131021
Parameter value and source for assumption
Fuel cost Source: EWI Trendstudie 2022, Zielszenario, P.30

http://www.energiewende-richtig.de/studie/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-als-stresstest-der-elektrizitae
EUR/Mwhtherm
2012 2013 2014 2015
Hard coal 9.8 9.9 10 10
Gas 22.3 22.65 23 23.2
Bandwidth of price developments considered in EWI-study
CO2-cost Source: EWI Trendstudie 2022, Zielszenario, P.30

http://www.energiewende-richtig.de/studie/energiewirtschaftlicher-schwerpunkt-als-stresstest-der-elektrizitae
EUR/tCO2
2012 2013 2014 2015
tCO2 7.3 8.3 9.3 11.2
Bandwidth of price developments considered in EWI-study

nkt-als-stresstest-der-elektrizitaetsversorgung-und-blick-d-0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

10 9.95 9.9 9.85 9.8 9.75
23.4 23.85 24.3 24.7 25.1 25.55
nkt-als-stresstest-der-elektrizitaetsversorgung-und-blick-d-0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

13.1 15 16.9 18.8 20.7 22.6
2022
9.7
26
2022
24.5
Explanation of calculation methodology
Weitergehende Erklrung zur Berechnung der Stromgestehungskosten:
IER Stuttgart, Levelized Cost of Electricity im Vergleich, Bericht Nr. 4, Februar 2008 (im Appendix)
http://www.ier.uni-stuttgart.de/publikationen/online/onpub_arbeitsbericht.html
Input Parameter Fixe Kosten
Variable Cost
Technical Parameter
Utilization per year
Calculations per 1 kW Electricity Production

Cost
Result
(im Appendix)
Parameter (Unit) Value (Example) Explanation

WACC (%) 12%
Lifetime (years) 30
Fuel cost (EUR/MWhtherm) 24
CO2-Cost(EUR/tCO2) 15
Efficiency (only fossil fuel plants, in %) 60%

Levelized Cost of Electricity (ct/kWh) 9.0

Background on assumptions for future utilization of fossil fuel power plants in Germany
Simulations by Fraunhofer IWES show, that residual load (electricity demand reduced by electricty production by win
Further details:
http://www.agora-energiewende.de/themen/optimierung/detailansicht/article/das-stromsystem-in-deutschland-2033-r
Detailed analysis of structure of residual load

er plants in Germany
electricty production by wind and solar) in Germany is reduced continuously by expansion of renewable energies
stem-in-deutschland-2033-richtet-sich-nach-wind-und-sonne/
ble energies

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Calculator of Levelized C

Electricity for Power

What is the purpose of this tool?

What is the origin of the assumptions used by Agora Energiewende?

What happens if you change the assumptions?

Who can I turn to for further questions?

calculate the cost for electricity produced by different power generation

Economicy of the University of Cologne ("Energiewirtschaftliches Institut

that a variation of different assumptions has. on the levelized cost of

wende. For any questions please contact daniel.fuerstenwerth@agora-

Investment cost (EUR/kW) 900 900 EWI

WACC (%) 12% 12% EWI

Calculations (pro kW)

Levelized Cost of Electricity (ct/kWh) 7.71 11.18

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (new)

2250 1500 EWI 1250 1500 Agora

12% 12% EWI 7% 7% EWI

6000 3000 2500 2000

8.21 10.52 5.97 8.95

Hard Coal (new) Wind Power

800 900 Agora 1000 1300 Agora

1000 1000 1000 1000

8.15 8.95 9.76 12.18

Solar Power - large scale Solar Power - Small Rooftop

Combined Cycle Gas Turb

Investment cost (EUR/kW) 900 900 EWI

WACC (%) 12% 12% EWI

Calculations (pro kW)

Levelized Cost of Electricity (ct/kWh) 7.71 11.18

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (new)

2250 1500 EWI 1250 1500 Agora

12% 12% EWI 7% 7% EWI

6000 3000 2500 2000

8.21 10.52 5.97 8.95

Hard Coal (new) Wind Power

800 900 Agora 6000 6000 DIW

7% 7% EWI 10% 10% EDF/Reuters

1000 1000 7446 6000

8.15 8.95 10.38 12.64

Solar Power - large scale Nuclear

Please choose technology Combined Cycle Power Plants

Technical lifetime of plant (years) 30

Minimum of bandwidth....... Medium value ....... Maximum of bandwidth

Sensitivity Investment cost

Sensitivity Fix operating cost

Sensitivity Fuel cost

Sensitivity CO2 certificate cost

bertrag von Ausgangsparametern

Investment cost (EUR/kW) 900

bertrag von Ausgangsparametern

Investment cost (EUR/kW) 900

Value of variation for a

Sensitivity: Investment cost include

7.01 7.94 8.87

7.32 8.06 8.87

3000 3000 3000

9.55 9.05 8.87

3000 3000 3000

8.42 8.64 8.87

3000 3000 3000

6.93 7.90 8.87

3000 3000 3000

8.68 8.77 8.87

3000 3000 3000