4/26/2017 ElectricalInterviewQuestions

ElectricalInterviewQuestions | 488150

ReviewalistoffrequentlyaskedElectricalinterviewquestionsforelectricalgraduates.Frequentlyaskedinterviewquestionswithanswers
underthesubjectslikeelectricalmachines,Transmissionanddistribution,Powerelectronicsandsomegeneralbasicquestions.

1.WhatisaSystem?

Whenanumberofelementsorcomponentsareconnectedinasequencetoperformaspecificfunction,thegroupofelementsthatall
constituteaSystem

2.WhatisControlSystem?

InaSystemtheoutputandinputsareinterrelatedinsuchamannerthattheoutputquantityorvariableiscontrolledbyinputquantity,then
suchasystemiscalledControlSystem.
Theoutputquantityiscalledcontrolledvariableorresponseandtheinputquantityiscalledcommandsignalorexcitation.

3.WhataredifferenttypesofControlSystems?

TwomajortypesofControlSystemsare1)OpenloopControlSystem2)ClosedLoopControlSystems
OpenloopControlSystems:TheOpenloopControlSystemisoneinwhichtheOutputQuantityhasnoeffectontheInputQuantity.Nofeedback
ispresentfromtheoutputquantitytotheinputquantityforcorrection.
ClosedLoopControlSystem:TheClosedloopControlSystemisoneinwhichthefeedbackisprovidedfromtheOutputquantitytotheinput
quantityforthecorrectionsoastomaintainthedesiredoutputofthesystem.

4.WhatisafeedbackinControlSystem?

TheFeedbackinControlSysteminoneinwhichtheoutputissampledandproportionalsignalisfedbacktotheinputforautomaticcorrection
oftheerror(anychangeindesiredoutput)forfutherprocessingtogetbackthedesiredoutput.

5.WhyNegativeFeedbackisprefferedintheControlSystem?

TheroleofFeedbackincontrolsystemistotakethesampledoutputbacktotheinputandcompareoutputsignalwithinputsignalforerror(
deviationfromthedesiredresult).

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NegativeFeedbackresultsinthebetterstabilityofthesystemandrejectsanydisturbancesignalsandislesssensitivetotheparameter
variations.Henceincontrolsystemsnegativefeedbackisconsidered.

6.Whatistheeffectofpositivefeedbackonstabilityofthesystem?

Positivefeedbackisnotusedgenerallyinthecontrolsystembecauseitincreasestheerrorsignalanddrivesthesystemtoinstability.But
positivefeedbacksareusedinminorloopcontrolsystemstoamplifycertaininternalsignalsandparameters

7.WhatisLatchingcurrent?

GatesignalistobeappliedtothethyristortotriggerthethyristorONinsafemode.Whenthethyristorstartsconductingtheforwardcurrent
abovetheminimumvalue,calledLatchingcurrent,thegatesignalwhichisappliedtotriggerthedeviceinnolongerrequiretokeepthescrin
ONposition.

8.WhatisHoldingcurrent?

Whenscrisconductingcurrentinforwardconductionstate,scrwillreturntoforwardblockingstatewhentheanodecurrentorforwardcurrent
fallsbelowalowlevelcalledHoldingcurrent
Note:LatchingcurrentandHoldingcurrentarenotsame.Latchingcurrentisassociatedwiththeturnonprocessofthescrwhereasholding
currentisassociatedwiththeturnoffprocess.Ingeneralholdingcurrentwillbeslightlylesserthanthelatchingcurrent.

9.WhythyristorisconsideredasChargecontrolleddevice?

Duringthetriggeringprocessofthethyristorfromforwardblockingstatetoforwardconductionstatethroughthegatesignal,byapplyingthe
gatesignal(voltagebetweengateandcathode)increasestheminoritycarrierdensityintheplayerandtherebyfacilitatethereversebreak
overofthejunctionJ2andthyristorstartsconducting.Higherthemagnitudeofthegatecurrentpulse,lesseristhetimerequiredtoinjectthe
chargeandturningonthescr.Bycontrollingtheamountofchargewecancontroltheturningontimeofthescr.

10.Whatarethedifferentlossesthatoccurinthyristorwhileoperating?

Differentlossesthatoccurare
a)Forwardconductionlossesduringconductionofthethyristor
b)Lossduetoleakagecurrentduringforwardandreverseblocking.
c)PowerlossatgateorGatetriggeringloss.
d)Switchinglossesatturnonandturnoff.

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11.Whatismeantbykneepointvoltage?

KneepointvoltageiscalculatedforelectricalCurrenttransformersandisveryimportantfactortochooseaCT.ItisthevoltageatwhichaCT
getssaturated.(CTcurrenttransformer).

12.Whatisreversepowerrelay?

ReversePowerflowrelayareusedingeneratingstations'sprotection.Ageneratingstationsissupposedtofedpowertothegridandincase
generatingunitsareoff,thereisnogenerationintheplantthenplantmaytakepowerfromgrid.Tostoptheflowofpowerfromgridto
generatorweusereversepowerrelay.

13.WhatwillhappenifDCsupplyisgivenontheprimaryofatransformer?

Mainlytransformerhashighinductanceandlowresistance.IncaseofDCsupplythereisnoinductance,onlyresistancewillactintheelectrical
circuit.Sohighelectricalcurrentwillflowthroughprimarysideofthetransformer.Soforthisreasoncoilandinsulationwillburnout.

14.Whatisthedifferencebetweenisolatorsandelectricalcircuitbreakers?Whatisbusbar?

Isolatorsaremainlyforswitchingpurposeundernormalconditionsbuttheycannotoperateinfaultconditions.Actuallytheyusedforisolating
theCBsformaintenance.WhereasCBgetsactivatedunderfaultconditionsaccordingtothefaultdetected.Busbarisnothingbutajunction
wherethepowerisgettingdistributedforindependentloads.

15.WhataretheadvantageoffreewheelingdiodeinaFullWaverectifier?

Itreducestheharmonicsanditalsoreducessparkingandarchingacrossthemechanicalswitchsothatitreducesthevoltagespikeseenina
inductiveload.

16.Mentionthemethodsforstartinganinductionmotor?

Thedifferentmethodsofstartinganinductionmotor:
a)DOL:directonlinestarter
b)Stardeltastarter

feedback
c)Autotransformerstarter
d)Resistancestarter
e)Seriesreactorstarter

17.Whatisthepowerfactorofanalternatoratnoload?

AtnoloadSynchronousImpedanceofthealternatorisresponsibleforcreatingangledifference.Soitshouldbezerolagginglikeinductor.

18.Whatisthefunctionofantipumpingincircuitbreaker?

Whenbreakeriscloseatonetimebyclosepushbutton,theantipumpingcontactorpreventreclosethebreakerbyclosepushbuttonafterifit
alreadyclose.

19.Whatissteppermotor.whatisitsuses?

Steppermotoristheelectricalmachinewhichactuponinputpulseappliedtoit.itisonetypeofsynchronousmotorwhichrunsinstepsin
eitherdirectioninsteadofrunningincompletecycle.so,inautomationpartsitisused.

20.ThereareaTransformerandaninductionmachine.Thosetwohavethesamesupply.Forwhichdevicetheloadcurrentwillbe
maximum?Andwhy?

Themotorhasmaxloadcurrentcomparetothatoftransformerbecausethemotorconsumesrealpower..andthetransformerisonly
producingtheworkingfluxanditsnotconsuming..hencetheloadcurrentinthetransformerisbecauseofcorelosssoitisminimum.

21.WhatisSF6CircuitBreaker?

SF6isSulpherhexaFlouridegas..ifthisgasisusedasarcquenchingmediuminaCircuitbreakermeansSF6CB.

22.Whatisferranticeffect?

Outputvoltageisgreaterthantheinputvoltageorreceivingendvoltageisgreaterthanthesendingendvoltage.

23.Whatismeantbyinsulationvoltageincables?explainit?

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Itisthepropertyofacablebyvirtueofitcanwithstandtheappliedvoltagewithoutrupturingitisknownasinsulationlevelofthecable.

24.WhatisthedifferencebetweenMCB&MCCB,Whereitcanbeused?

MCBisminiaturecircuitbreakerwhichisthermaloperatedanduseforshortcircuitprotectioninsmallcurrentratingcircuit.MCCBmoulded
casecircuitbreakerandisthermaloperatedforoverloadcurrentandmagneticoperationforinstanttripinshortcircuitcondition.under
voltageandunderfrequencymaybeinbuilt.Normallyitisusedwherenormalcurrentismorethan100A.

25.Whereshouldthelightingarrestorbeplacedindistributionlines?

Neardistributiontransformersandoutgoingfeedersof11kvandincommingfeederof33kvandnearpowertransformersinsubstations.

26.DefineIDMTrelay?

Itisaninversedefiniteminimumtimerelay.InIDMTrelayitsoperatingisinverselyproportionalandalsoacharacteristicofminimumtime
afterwhichthisrelayoperates.Itisinverseinthesense,thetrippingtimewilldecreaseasthemagnitudeoffaultcurrentincrease.

27.Whatarethetransformerlosses?

TRANSFORMERLOSSESTransformerlosseshavetwosourcescopperlossandmagneticloss.Copperlossesarecausedbytheresistanceof
thewire(I2R).Magneticlossesarecausedbyeddycurrentsandhysteresisinthecore.Copperlossisaconstantafterthecoilhasbeenwound
andthereforeameasurableloss.Hysteresislossisconstantforaparticularvoltageandcurrent.Eddycurrentloss,however,isdifferentfor
eachfrequencypassedthroughthetransformer.

28.whatisthefullformofKVAR?

WeknowtherearethreetypesofpowerinElectricalsasActive,apparent&reactive.SoKVARisstandfor``KiloVoltAmpswithReactive
component.

29.Twobulbsof100wand40wrespectivelyconnectedinseriesacrossa230vsupplywhichbulbwillglowbrightandwhy?

Sincetwobulbsareinseriestheywillgetequalamountofelectricalcurrentbutasthesupplyvoltageisconstantacrossthebulb(P=V^2/R).So
theresistanceof40Wbulbisgreaterandvoltageacross40Wismore(V=IR)so40Wbulbwillglowbrighter.

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30.Whytemperatureriseisconductedinbusbarsandisolators?

Busbarsandisolatorsareratedforcontinuouspowerflow,thatmeanstheycarryheavycurrentswhichrisestheirtemperature.soitis
necessarytotestthisdevicesfortemperaturerise.

31.Whatisthedifferencebetweensynchronousgenerator&asynchronousgenerator?

Insimple,synchronousgeneratorsupply'sbothactiveandreactivepowerbutasynchronousgenerator(inductiongenerator)supply'sonlyactive
powerandobservereactivepowerformagnetizing.Thistypeofgeneratorsareusedinwindmills.

32.WhatisAutomaticVoltageregulator(AVR)?

AVRisanabbreviationforAutomaticVoltageRegulator.ItisimportantpartinSynchronousGenerators,itcontrolstheoutputvoltageofthe
generatorbycontrollingitsexcitationcurrent.ThusitcancontroltheoutputReactivePoweroftheGenerator.

33.Differencebetweenafourpointstarterandthreepointstarter?

Theshuntconnectioninfourpointstaterisprovidedseparatelyformthelinewhereasinthreepointstateritisconnectedwithlinewhichis
thedrawbackinthreepointstater

34.Whythecapacitorsworksonaconly?
Generallycapacitorgivesinfiniteresistancetodccomponents(i.e.,blockthedccomponents).itallowstheaccomponentstopassthrough.

35.Howmanytypesofcollingsystemittransformers?

1.ONAN(oilnatural,airnatural)
2.ONAF(oilnatural,airforced)
3.OFAF(oilforced,airforced)
4.ODWF(oildirect,waterforced)
5.OFAN(oilforced,airforced)

36.OperationcarriedoutinThermalpowerstations?

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Thewaterisobtainedintheboilerandthecoalisburntsothatsteamisobtainedthissteamisallowedtohittheturbine,theturbinewhichis
coupledwiththegeneratorgeneratestheelectricity.

37.Whatis2phasemotor?

Atwophasemotorisamotorwiththethestartingwindingandtherunningwindinghaveaphasesplit.e.gacservomotor.wheretheauxiliary
windingandthecontrolwindinghaveaphasesplitof90degree.

38.Whatistheprincipleofmotor?
Wheneveracurrentcarryingconductorisplacedinanmagneticfielditproduceturningortwistingmovementiscalledastorque.

39.Whatismeantbyarmaturereaction?

Theeffectofarmatureflutomainfluxiscalledarmaturereaction.Thearmaturefluxmaysupportmainfluxoropposesmainflux.

40.Whatisthedifferencebetweensynchronousgenerator&asynchronousgenerator?

Insimple,synchronousgeneratorsupply'sbothactiveandreactivepowerbutasynchronousgenerator(inductiongenerator)supply'sonlyactive
powerandobservereactivepowerformagnetizing.Thistypeofgeneratorsareusedinwindmills.

41.WhatsisMARXCIRCUIT?

Itisusedwithgeneratorsforcharginganumberofcapacitorinparallelanddischargingtheminseries.Itisusedwhenvoltagerequiredfor
testingishigherthantheavailable.

42.Whataretheadvantagesofspeedcontrolusingthyristor?

Advantages:
1.FastSwitchingCharactersticsthanMosfet,BJT,IGBT
2.Lowcost
3.HigherAccurate.

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43.WhatisACSRcableandwhereweuseit?

ACSRmeansAluminiumconductorsteelreinforced,thisconductorisusedintransmission&distribution.

44.WhatstheonemaindifferencebetweenUPS&inverter?Andelectricalengineering&electronicsengineering?

Uninterruptpowersupplyismainlyuseforshorttime.meansaccordingtoupsVAitgivesbackup.upsisalsotwotypes:onlineandoffline.
onlineupshavinghighvoltandampforlongtimebackupwithwithhighdcvoltage.butupsstartwith12vdcwith7amp.butinverteris
startwith12v,24,dcto36vdcand120ampto180ampbatterywithlongtimebackup.

45.Whatwillhappenwhenpowerfactorisleadingindistributionofpower?

Iftheirishighpowerfactor,i.eifthepowerfactorisclosetoone:
a)Lossesinformofheatwillbereduced,
b)Cablebecomeslessbulkyandeasytocarry,andverycheaptoafford,&
c)Italsoreducesoverheatingoftranformers.

46.Whataretheadvantagesofstardeltastarterwithinductionmotor?

(1).Themainadvantageofusingthestardeltastarterisreductionofcurrentduringthestartingofthemotor.Startingcurrentisreducedto34
timesOfcurrentofDirectonlinestarting.(2).Hencethestartingcurrentisreduced,thevoltagedropsduringthestartingofmotorinsystems
arereduced.

47.WhyDeltaStarTransformersareusedforLightingLoads?

Forlightingloads,neutralconductorismustandhencethesecondarymustbestarwinding.andthislightingloadisalwaysunbalancedinall
threephases.Tominimizethecurrentunbalanceintheprimaryweusedeltawindingintheprimary.Sodelta/startransformerisusedfor
lightingloads.

48.WhycomputerhummingsoundoccurredinHTtransmissionline?

Thiscomputerhummingsoundiscomingduetoionization(breakdownofairintochargedparticles)ofairaroundtransmissionconductor.This
effectiscalledasCoronaeffect,anditisconsideredaspowerloss.

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49.Whatisratedspeed?

Atthetimeofmotortakingnormalcurrent(ratedcurrent)thespeedofthemotoriscalledratedspeed.Itisaspeedatwhichanysystemtake
smallcurrentandgivemaximumefficiency.

50.Ifonelampconnectsbetweentwophasesitwillglowornot?

Ifthevoltagebetweenthetwophaseisequaltothelampvoltagethenthelampwillglow.Whenthevoltagedifferenceisbigitwilldamagethe
lampandwhenthedifferenceissmallerthelampwillglowdependingonthetypeoflamp.

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