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This syllabus defines the learning competencies, the clinical conditions and normal variants for each body system that
trainees are expected to know and demonstrate proficiency in by the end of their training. The clinical conditions and
normal variants are categorised into levels of knowledge as defined below.
Contents
Definitions 161
Learning Competencies 162
Normal Variants 162
Condition Categories 162
BODY SYSTEMS
Abdominal Imaging 162
Normal Variants 165
Adult Clinical Conditions 166
Cardiothoracic Imaging 171
Learning Competencies 171
Normal Variants 174
Adult Clinical Conditions 174
Extracranial Head & Neck Imaging 178
Learning Competencies 178
Neuro/ENT imaging Normal Variants 180
Extracranial Head & Neck Imaging Clinical Conditions 181
Neuroradiology 188
Learning Competencies 188
Adult Clinical Conditions 190
Musculoskeletal Imaging 193
Learning Competencies 193
Normal Variants 195
Adult Clinical Conditions 196
Paediatric Imaging 211
Learning Competencies 211
Paediatric Clinical Conditions 214
Breast Imaging 222
Learning Competencies 222
Breast Normal Variants 225
Breast Clinical Conditions 225
Obstetric & Gynaecological Imaging 227
Learning Competencies 227
O&G Normal Variants 229
Clinical Conditions 229
Vascular Imaging & Interventional Radiology 236
Learning Competencies 236
VIR Normal Variants 238
Adult Clinical Conditions 239
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 161
Learning Competencies diagnosed in timely fashion. They may not be as common
as Category 1.2 conditions.
Required skills and learning competencies are defined for
each body system. 1.3) Less common conditions in which the radiological
appearance has an important role in diagnosis
Page 162 2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1
Abdominal Trauma Ultrasound
Appendicitis
Suspected bowel obstruction Knowledge
Suspected abdominal collection
Jaundice Safety
Renal Colic
GIT Haemorrhage Indications/contraindications for Abdominal Ultrasound/
Upper abdominal Pain (e.g. pancreatitis) specific protocols
Lower abdominal Pain (e.g. diverticulitis) Limitations of Ultrasound in Abdominal Imaging
Explain the strengths, weaknesses and risks (radiation Ultrasound Assessment of Abdominal and Pelvic Viscera
related and other) of the imaging modalities currently abdominal wall
used in diagnosis and assessment of abdominal Ultrasound / Doppler Assessment of Abdominal
abnormalities. Vasculature
Contrast enhanced Ultrasound
Describe/direct assessment or work-up of a clinical Endoluminal Ultrasound (Principles / Indications Only)
BODY SYSTEMS
problem or imaging finding using imaging methods as Ultrasound Image Quality Assessment
appropriate.
CT Scanning
Be able to recommend follow-up imaging at later time
interval when appropriate. Knowledge
Plain X-ray / Fluoroscopy Safety / Scan Preparation / Contrast Use (IV/ Oral)
/ Radiation Safety Dosimetry and Dose Reduction /
Knowledge Technical Factors
Indications/contraindications for Abdominal CT / Specific
Safety / Preparation / Contrast Use (IV/ Oral) / Radiation Protocols
Safety Dosimetry and Dose Reduction / Technical Factors
Indications/ contraindications for Plain X-ray/ specific Equipment and Technique
protocols
Limitations of Plain X-ray /Fluoroscopic Procedures Limitations of CT in Abdominal Imaging
AP Supine +/- Erect/ Decubitus /Erect chest for free gas / Be able to perform and interpret -
Renal area (Insp/ Exp: re calculi) / Lateral CT Assessment of Abdominal and Pelvic Viscera
CT Assessment of Abdominal Vasculature
Skills CT Assessment of the Retroperitoneum
CT colonography, CT IVC and CT IVP
Be able to perform and interpret - CT Image Quality Assessment
Contrast and Fluoroscopic Contrast Study
Barium Swallow MRI Scanning
Barium Meal
Barium Follow Through / Enteroclysis Safety / Scan Preparation / Contrast Use / MRI General
Barium Enema Safety / Technical Factors
Urethrogram Indications/contraindications for Abdominal MRI /
MCU Specific Protocols
Cystogram Limitations of MRI in Abdominal Imaging
X-ray image Quality Assessment in Abdominal Imaging
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 163
Skills Acts safely
Be able to perform and interpret - Recognise imaging signs related to acute emergency
MRI Assessment of Abdominal and Pelvic Viscera abdominal conditions (e.g. pneumoperitoneum, acute
including liver specific contrast studies colitis, toxic megacolon, ischaemic gut, aortic rupture).
MRI Assessment of Abdominal Vasculature Safely assign a class of diagnosis (benign / normal
MRCP variant / probable malignancy) and direct further
MRI Image Quality Assessment assessment where required.
Correctly categorise indeterminate findings and guide
Nuclear Medicine further investigation if required (e.g. renal cyst /
haemangioma of liver).
Knowledge
Convey findings
Safety / Radiopharmaceutical Use (Labelled RBC /DTPA
MAG III DMSA) / Radiation Safety Dosimetry and Dose Communicates relevant findings including diagnoses,
Reduction treament plans, complications and follow up to the
Nuclear Medicine GIT Bleeding Studies referring clinician, patient and or family/carers and other
Meckels Scans health care team members and assists in formulating
DTPA / DMSA / MAG III an imaging and management plan as necessary (e.g.
Demonstrate knowledge of the principles/ limitations/ surgical consultation, biopsy).
indications of MIBG / Octreotide Scanning/ PET Scans in
the abdomen. Radiological Interventions
Equipment and Technique: Basics only
NMCT Image Quality Assessment Demonstrate knowledge of abdominal interventional
Limitations of NMCT in Abdominal Imaging procedures including the role of procedures, indications
associated complications and their management.
Non Imaging Investigations Examples include:
Percutaneous fine needle biopsy / core biopsy / abscess
Demonstrate knowledge of the role and process of drainage;
other non-imaging investigations (e.g. endoscopy / Biliary and urological interventions such as
colonoscopy / capsular endoscopy / manometry). percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography /biliary
drainage/nephrostomy;
KEY SKILLS Abdominal arterial interventions including embolisation,
chemoembolisation, angioplasty and stenting.
Interpret the examination accurately and safely Communicating effectively with patients and clinicians
regarding the benefits and risks associated with
Recognise the normal abdominal anatomy, and variants. different diagnostic modalities and procedures.
Conduct a thorough and systematic review of
the imaging examination and perceive relevant
abnormalities.
Correctly describe the likely cause of abnormalities in
broad context (e.g. neoplastic, traumatic, inflammatory)
Integrate knowledge of pathology, clinical information
and imaging appearance to form an appropriate
differential diagnosis.
Evaluate the imaging study in light of differential
diagnoses to identify clinically relevant findings.
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Abdominal Imaging Normal Variants
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3
1. Gastrointestinal System
2. Hepatopancreatobiliary System
BODY SYSTEMS
3. Renal and Urinary Tract
6. Retroperitoneum
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 165
Abdominal Imaging Adult Clinical Conditions
(For Paediatric Conditions, See Paediatric Syllabus)
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3
1. Gastrointestinal System
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small Bowel
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Large Bowel
BODY SYSTEMS
Pneumoperitoneum
2. Hepatopancreatobiliary system
Fatty infiltration and fatty sparing Acute & chronic hepatitis P rimary biliary cirrhosis
Cirrhosis S clerosing cholangitis W ilson disease
Portal hypertension H aemochromatosis
a 1 anti-trypsin deficiency
G lycogen storage disorder
Post transplant appearances and
complications
C arolis disease
Trauma / Vascular
Biliary
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 167
Pancreas
Renal Neoplasia
enal infarction
R R enal AV fistula Polyarteritis nodosa
Renal artery stenosis
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Renal vein thrombosis
Renal artery aneurysm
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Bladder, prostate, ureters and urethra
Adrenals
BODY SYSTEMS
Prostatic carcinoma S permatocoele P rostatitis (acute and chronic)
E pididymo-orchitis Varicocele O ther epididimal / paraepididymal
Testicular torsion S permatic granuloma abnormalities: TB / adenomatoid
Testicular tumours including Testicular microlithiasis tumor
lymphoma / leukemia Testicular trauma
Urethral trauma
6. Retroperitoneum
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 169
Techniques and Applications (Adult Abdomen, Pelvis)
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Cardiothoracic Imaging Learning Limitations of Plain X-ray /Fluoroscopic Procedures
X-ray image Quality Assessment in Chest Imaging
Competencies
Equipment and Technique
The competent (trainee) radiologist will be able to:
Cough
Skills
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Be able to perform and interpret -
Chest trauma
Haemoptysis
Diaphragm screening
Fever
P
art of multi-system disorder presentations
BODY SYSTEMS
Aspirated foreign body
Anatomical variants
CT
CORE KNOWLEDGE
Knowledge
Explain the strengths, weaknesses and risks (radiation
related and other) of the imaging modalities currently
Safety / Preparation / Contrast Use (IV/ Oral) / Radiation
used in diagnosing and evaluating chest abnormalities.
Safety /Dosimetry/Common methods of dose Reduction
Know the radiation doses of imaging modalities that
/Technical Factors of improving spatial and temporal
utilize ionizing radiation and understand the common
resolution
dose reduction methods.
Indications/contraindications for CT/specific protocols/
CT-guided procedures
Understand the risk of radiation in pregnancy and
alternative imaging pathways in pregnancy.
Equipment and technique
Describe/direct assessment or work-up of a clinical
problem or imaging finding using imaging methods as
Common CT artifacts
appropriate.
Limitations of CT Procedures
CT image Quality Assessment in Chest Imaging
Be able to recommend follow-up imaging at later time
interval when appropriate.
Equipment and Technique
Recognize the radiologically guided diagnostic
and interventional procedures, their indications,
CT/HRCT/Cardiac CT techniques for common clinical
contraindications and basic procedural details.
situations
Contrast media intravenous: indications, benefits, risks
Plain X-rays/Fluoroscopy
IV contrast allergy prevention
IV contrast allergy treatment of an acute reaction
Knowledge
Contrast induced nephropathy and its prevention
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 171
Ultrasound Equipment and technique
Pulmonary embolism assessment
Knowledge PET and its role
NMCT Image Quality Assessment
Safety
Non Imaging Investigations
Ultrasound of pleural effusion diagnosis and
treatment planning Demonstrate knowledge of the role and process of other
Equipment and technique non-imaging investigations (e.g. bronchoscopy) used in
Limitations of ultrasound in chest imaging this area.
US image Quality Assessment in Chest Imaging Recognise and describe cardiac imaging techniques
and findings
Angiography Knowledge in these topics is optional, and may be
examinable
Knowledge
During Phase 1
Safety/Preparation/Contrast Use/Radiation/Technical
Factors/Indications/Contraindications Topics to include:
Identify the strengths and weaknesses of angiography
in chest and vascular disease Acquisition techniques- i.e. difference between a
Equipment and technique routine CT angiogram and a CT angiogram targeting the
Use of angiography in interventional procedures coronary arteries, to include knowledge regarding:
Limitations Contrast: Volume, Rate, Mix, dual v three phase
Image quality assessment Limitations of CT unit with clinical impact i.e. how low
does heart rate need to be, does the heart rate need to
MRI in chest disease be regular
Expected radiation dose exposure for routine Coronary
Knowledge CT with the variation expected with the different CT
units
Safety / Preparation / Contrast Use (IV/ Oral) / Technical Acquisition technique variation:
Factors RV/LV
Identifies the strengths and weaknesses of MRI in chest/ Triple rule out
Identifies the strengths and weaknesses of nuclear Radiation dose variation with CT unit
medicine in chest/cardiac disease and conducts Data / Image manipulation for post processing
Page 172 2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging surgical consultation, biopsy).
Brief introductory knowledge
Technique, sequences, Conditions which are optimally Radiological Interventions
assessed
Myocardial structure, function Demonstrate knowledge of chest interventional
Valvular structure, function procedures including the role of procedures, associated
complications and their management.
Phase 2
Basic principles and indications for chest biopsy or
Advanced study units reporting credentialing, level A drainage:
Fellowship (post 5th year) full credentialing to Fine needle aspiration
BODY SYSTEMS
Potential complications and their detection and
and changing appearance with age and physiological management
states, including recognising normal imaging studies or Specimen handling
requiring limited work-up to arrive at this conclusion. Communicating effectively with patients and clinicians
Conduct a thorough and systematic review of the regarding the benefits and risks associated with
imaging examination and perceive and describe relevant different diagnostic modalities and procedures.
abnormalities. Judge likely category of abnormality, eg
air space disease, interstitial disease, mediastinal mass.
Within limits of information available, integrate
broader knowledge of pathology, epidemiology, gross
morphology, ancillary tests, clinical presentations and
imaging appearances to form an appropriate differential
diagnosis.
Evaluate the imaging study in light of differential
diagnoses to identify clinically relevant findings.
Acts safely
Convey findings
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 173
Chest Imaging Normal Adult Variants
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3
Technical limitations- Physics and Asymptomatic variations of aortic S uperior accessory fissure
Position (Inspiration, Rotation.) arch branching, including: I nferior accessory fissure
A zygos lobe fissure Right arch with aberrant left I nferior pulmonary ligament
Cardiophrenic fat pads subclavian artery Tracheal cartilage calcification
A berrant right subclavian artery A ortic diverticulum of Variations of segmental and
E ventration- partial / total Kommerell subsegmental branches of
Pectus excavatum A ortic nipple / left superior bronchopulmonary tree
Pectus carinatum intercostal vein A bsence of the left pericardium
Rhomboid fossa C ommon origin of brachiocephalic
Normal thymus and left common carotid arteries
Tracheal buckling (bovine arch)
Bifid rib S eparate origin of vertebral artery
Cervical rib from arch
C ongenital variations of coronary
anatomy, including:
I ndependent ositum of MRC
and conus branch
C ircumflex from RCA
C ircumflex from RC Sinus
L CA from RC Sinus
Polands syndrome
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2. Airways
3. Interstitial
BODY SYSTEMS
4. Mediastinum
6. Pleura
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 175
7. Hyperinflation & Cysts
9. Vessels
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11. Trauma & ICU
Diaphragmatic rupture
Chest wall trauma
Tracheobronchial rupture
Rib/sterna/clavicular/thoracic
spine fractures & Complications
Median sternotomy
E ndotracheal, intercostal tube,
chest drainage tube and catheter
assessment
Thoracotomy and complications
Pacemaker wire position
Central line malpositioning
O esophageal rupture/Boerhaaves
syndrome
I nhaled and swallowed foreign
bodies
BODY SYSTEMS
12. Techniques & Applications (Adult Chest)
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 177
Extracranial Head and Neck Ultrasound
Imaging Learning Competencies Knowledge
Safety
The competent (trainee) radiologist will be able to:
CORE KNOWLEDGE
CT Scanning
Knowledge
Safety / Preparation / Contrast Use (IV/ Oral) / Radiation
Safety Dosimetry and Dose Reduction / Technical Factors
Safety / Scan Preparation / Contrast Use / MRI General
Indications/contraindications for Extracranial Head &
Safety / Technical Factors
Neck Imaging/specific protocols.
Indications/contraindications for Extracranial Head &
Limitations of Plain X-ray /Fluoroscopic Procedures
Neck MRI / Specific Protocols
X-ray image Quality Assessment in Extracranial Head &
Neck Imaging
Equipment and technique
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Nuclear Medicine Evaluate the imaging study in light of differential
diagnoses to identify clinically relevant findings.
Knowledge
Acts Safely
Safety / Radiopharmaceutical Use (Labelled RBC /DTPA
MAG III DMSA) / Radiation Safety Dosimetry and Dose Recognise imaging signs suspicious of conditions
Reduction with significant patient implications (eg malignant or
Dosimetry and Dose Reduction infective lesions).
Equipment and technique Safely assign a benign diagnosis and discriminate such
cases from those that require further assessment.
Demonstrate knowledge of the principles/ limitations/ Correctly categorise indeterminate findings and guide
indications of MIBG / Octreotide Scanning/ PET Scans in further investigation appropriately.
Extracranial Head & Neck Imaging.
NMCT Image Quality Assessment Convey findings
Limitations of NMCT in Extracranial Head & Neck
Imaging Communicates relevant findings including diagnoses,
Role of PET and PET/CT in Head and Neck Cancer treatment plans, complications and follow up to the
imaging and its limitations. referring clinician, patient and or family/carers and other
BODY SYSTEMS
health care team members and assists in formulating
Skills an imaging and management plan (e.g. surgical
consultation, biopsy).
Be able to interpret - Conduct appropriate notifications in relation to
Nuclear Medicine GIT Bleeding Studies infectious diseases and other notifiable conditions.
Meckels Scans
Non Imaging Investigations Describe the techniques of imaging guided fine needle
aspirate cytology (e.g. thyroid nodules and neck nodes)
Demonstrate knowledge of the role and process of other and core biopsy.
non-imaging investigations (e.g. nasendoscopy) used in Communicate effectively with patients regarding the
this topic. benefits and risks associated with different diagnostic
modalities and procedures.
KEY SKILLS
2. Skull
3. ENT
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4. VASCULAR
Circle of Willis normal variants Azygos anterior cerebral artery D uplicated cerebral arteries
Vertebral artery asymmetry & Persistent fetal cerebral arteries
dominance H ypoglossal
Common carotid artery origin Trigeminal
variations
A symmetric internal jugular veins
Jugular bulb variations
BODY SYSTEMS
C aldwell view branches D acryocystography
Waters view OPG L aryngography
B asal view
PET/CT P haryngography
Lateral airway x-rays Image guided procedures Videofluoroscopy of swallowing
CT face & sinuses C one Beam CT of temporal bones,
CT temporal bones sinus and dental pathology
CT & MR of skull base
CT & MR of nasopharynx
CT of neck
US of Thyroid and Parathyroid
US of salivary glands
US of Neck
Congenital / Developmental
Trauma / Fractures
Mid-face fractures
L eFort types I To III
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 181
Inflammatory / Infection
Malignant Tumours
3. Orbit
Congenital / Developmental
Trauma / Fractures
Foreign body
Inflammatory / Infection
Malignant Tumours
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Other Conditions
BODY SYSTEMS
Glomus tympanicum
paraganglioma
Skull base
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 183
5. Larynx, hypopharynx, trachea
Congenital
Inflammatory / Infective
Benign Tumours
B
enign mixed tumour of
submandibular gland
Malignant Tumours
Miscellaneous
Z enkers diverticulum
7. Submandibular Space
Congenital / Developmental
Dermoid/Epidermoid cyst
Lymphatic malformation
Infection / Inflammatory
Obstruction / calculus
A cute infection
Chronic infection
Benign Tumours
P leomorphic adenoma
Reactive lymphadenopathy
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Malignant Tumours
8. Parotid Space
Congenital / Developmental
Infection / Inflammatory
Acute parotitis
S jogrens syndrome
Lymphoepithelial cysts of HIV
Benign Tumours
BODY SYSTEMS
B
enign mixed tumour Warthins tumour H aemangioma (children)
(pleomorphic adenoma)
Malignant Tumours
Miscellaneous
9. Carotid Space
Congenital / Developmental
Infective / Inflammatory
Lymphadenopathy C
aseating necrosis due to
Node abscess granulomatosis infection
Vascular Lesions
Benign Tumours
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 185
Malignant Tumours
Metastatic lymphadenopathy
Lymphoma
Infective / Inflammatory
M
asticator space abscess /
cellulitis
Malignant Tumours
S pread of SCC
Perineural spread via trigeminal
nerve
Sarcoma
Lymphoma
Miscellaneous
Infective / Inflammatory
Malignant Tumours
Degenerative
O
steophytes and calcification in
the anterior longitudinal ligament
Thyroid
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Parathyroids
Imaging in hyperparathyroidism D
evelopmental cysts parathyroid
or thymic origin
Congenital lesions
BODY SYSTEMS
lymph node and lymphatic spread S uppurative lympadenitis
Lymph node groups in the Head
and Neck, their nomenclature and
definition
Metastases in neck nodes
(especially SCC and papillary
thyroid Ca)
Lymphoma
Odontogenic Lesions
Trauma
parasymphyseal
C ondylar
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 187
Neuroradiology Learning Catheter angiography
Competencies Knowledge
Basics of catheter angiography in neuroradiological
The competent (trainee) radiologist will be able to:
practice
Safety / Preparation / IV Contrast Use / Radiation
Demonstrate a clinical, pathological and radiological
Safety, Dosimetry and Dose Reduction / Technical Factors
understanding of neurological imaging practice
Indications/contraindications for Neuroradiological
Interpret common and important clinical presentations
Imaging/specific protocols.
in neurological imaging practice for example;
Equipment and Techniques: / standard projections
Basic knowledge of therapeutic options e.g.
Headache
embolisation, aneurysm treatment
Suspected stroke/collapse
Cranial and Spinal Trauma
Ultrasound
Focal neurological deficit
Radicular/cranial nerve symptoms
Knowledge
Myelopathy
Safety
CORE KNOWLEDGE
Indications/contraindications for Neuroradiology
Explain strengths, weaknesses and risks (radiation
Imaging Ultrasound/specific protocols
related and other) and roles of the imaging modalities
currently used in diagnosing and evaluating
Equipment and Technique
neurological abnormalities. (eg use of IV contrast agents
in CT and MRI, MRI sequence options, ultrasound in the
Basic knowledge of the role of trans cranial doppler
neonate).
ultrasound
Describe/direct assessment or work-up of a clinical
Ultrasound Image Quality Assessment
problem or imaging finding using imaging methods as
Limitations of Ultrasound in Neuroradiology Imaging
appropriate.
Recognise and act upon an inadequate examination.
CT
Recommend follow-up imaging when appropriate.
Knowledge
Plain X-ray / Fluoroscopy
Safety / Scan Preparation / IV Contrast Use / Radiation
Knowledge
Safety, Dosimetry and Dose Reduction / Technical Factors
Indications/contraindications for Neuroradiological CT
Safety / Preparation / IV Contrast Use / Radiation
Imaging / Specific Protocols
Safety, Dosimetry and Dose Reduction / Technical Factors
The use of CT angiography, CT venography and CT
Indications/contraindications for Neuroradiological
perfusion in neurological practice
Imaging/specific protocols
CT Image Quality Assessment
Limitations of CT in Neuroradiology Imaging
Equipment and Techniques
MRI
Limitations of Plain X-ray /Fluoroscopic Procedures
X-ray image Quality Assessment in Neuroradiology
Knowledge
Imaging
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MR angiographic techniques and imaging appearances to form an appropriate
MR Venography differential diagnosis
The basic principals and utility of MR perfusion, MR Evaluate the imaging study in light of differential
diffusion diagnoses to identify clinically relevant findings
MRI Image Quality Assessment Recognise imaging signs suspicious of conditions with
Limitations of MRI in Neuroradiology Imaging significant patient implications (e.g.: subarachnoid
haemorrhage, isodense subdural haematoma, cord
Nuclear Medicine compression, coning)
Safely assign a benign diagnosis and discriminate such
Knowledge cases from those that require further assessment
Correctly categorise indeterminate findings and guide
Safety / Radiopharmaceutical Use / Radiation Safety subsequent investigation appropriately
Dosimetry and Dose Reduction
Demonstrate knowledge of the principles/ limitations/ Convey findings
indications of SPECT and PET Scans in Neuroradiology
BODY SYSTEMS
Imaging Communicates relevant findings including diagnoses,
Knowledge of tracer options for neuro imaging (eg FDG, treatment plans, complications and follow up to the
DOTA) referring clinician, patient and or family/carers and other
health care team members and assists in formulating
Equipment and Technique: Basics only an imaging and management plan as necessary (eg:
surgical consultation, biopsy)
NMCT Image Quality Assessment
Limitations of NMCT in Neuroradiology Imaging Interventions and techniques
Non Imaging Investigations
Demonstrate competence in lumbar puncture and
Knowledge of the role of non-imaging investigations (e.g.: myelography. Possess basic knowledge about
EEG, nerve conduction studies, CSF examination). interventional techniques used during management
of aneurysms, dural AV fistulae, arteriovenous
KEY SKILL malformations and arterial and venous thrombosis
(thrombolysis)
Interpret the examination accurately and safely Demonstrate knowledge of more advanced imaging
methods including perfusion imaging, and basic
Recognise normal neurological anatomy, common knowledge of MR spectroscopy and functional MRI
normal variants, expected changes with age and Communicate effectively with patients regarding the
physiological stages, including recognising normal benefits and risks associated with different diagnostic
imaging studies or requires limited work-up to arrive at modalities and procedures
this conclusion
Conduct a thorough and systematic review of
the imaging examination and perceives relevant
abnormalities
Correctly describe likely category of abnormalities on
imaging examination (e.g.: stroke, brain tumour, extra-
axial mass effect)
Within limits of the information available, integrate
broader knowledge of pathology (e.g.: epidemiology,
gross morphology, ancillary tests), clinical presentations
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 189
Neuro Imaging Adult Clinical Conditions
(For Paediatric Conditions, See Paediatric Syllabus)
Infection
Tumours
Non-neoplastic cysts
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Trauma
Demyelination; dementias
Vascular lesions
BODY SYSTEMS
C arotid and vertebral dissection carotids C ADASIL
S ubarachnoid haemorrhage, C avernous malformation C apillary telangiectasia
aneurysmal Arteriovenous malformation
S ubarachnoid haemorrhage, P seudoaneurysm
perimesencephalic (venous) C erebral amyloid disease
Aneurysm Vasculitis
S pontaneous intracerebral Cranial dural AV fistula
haemorrhage Vascular loop compression (e.g.
H ypotensive infarction trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial
D iffuse hypoxic injury spasm)
Venous infarction Developmental venous anomaly
I ntracranial venous thrombosis
Miscellaneous
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 191
2. Pituitary and parasellar region
3. Skull
E pendymoma S yringomyelia
A strocytoma Transverse myelitis
M eningioma C ord demyelination
E pidural haemorrhage Arachnoid cyst
E pidural abscess D orsal / ventral dural defect
S pinal / epidural metastases S pinal vascular malformations
I ntrathecal metastases Spinal dural AV fistula
Traumatic cord injury M eningitis
S pinal cord infarction
D isc prolapse
N eurofibroma
Transverse myelitis
A rachnoiditis
P ostoperative epidural fibrosis /
scarring
5. Neurocutaneous syndromes
N
eurofibromatosis 1 Von Hippel Lindau B
asal cell naevus syndrome
N
eurofibromatosis 2 Tuberous Sclerosis C
owden syndrome
6. Cranial Nerve
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Musculoskeletal (MSK) Imaging Ultrasound
Learning Competencies Knowledge
BODY SYSTEMS
diagnosis or differential diagnosis.
Safety / Scan Preparation / Contrast Use (IV/ Oral)
/ Radiation Safety Dosimetry and Dose Reduction /
CORE KNOWLEDGE
Technical Factors
Indications/contraindications for MSK Imaging CT /
Explain the strengths, weaknesses and risks (radiation
Specific Protocols
related and other) of the imaging modalities currently
used in diagnosing and evaluating MSK abnormalities.
Equipment and Technique
Recognise and act upon an inadequate examination.
Describe/direct assessment or work-up of a clinical
CT Image Quality Assessment
problem or imaging finding using imaging methods as
Limitations of CT in MSK Imaging
appropriate.
Recognise and act upon an inadequate examination.
MRI Scanning
Be able to recommend follow-up imaging at later time
interval when appropriate.
Knowledge
Nuclear Medicine
Limitations of Plain X-ray /Fluoroscopic Procedures
X-ray image Quality Assessment in MSK Imaging
Knowledge
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 193
Equipment and Technique: Basics only an imaging and management plan as necessary plan
(e.g. surgical consultation, and non-primary bone or soft
NMCT Image Quality Assessment tissue sarcoma biopsy) with referring physician team.
Limitations of NMCT in MSK Imaging
Radiological Interventions
KEY SKILLS
Describe the imaging guided techniques and planning
Interpret the examination accurately and safely of joint aspiration, diagnostic and therapeutic injections
Recognise the normal MSK anatomy, range of variants and biopsy (excluding primary sarcoma of bone and
and changing appearance with age and physiological soft tissue) in the MSK system, including strengths and
states, including recognising normal imaging studies or weaknesses of different procedures.
requires limited work-up to arrive at this conclusion. In relation to potential primary sarcoma of bone and
Conduct a thorough and systematic review of soft tissue biopsy, be able to refer to an orthopaedic
the imaging examination and perceives relevant oncology and radiology service in a designated specialty
abnormalities. unit.
Correctly describe perceived abnormalities in terms of Assess the adequacy of a biopsy specimen in relation
location, appearance and possible differential diagnosis. to pathology requirements and be aware of common
Within limits of information available, integrate broader problems associated with biopsy adequacy.
knowledge of pathology (eg epidemiology, gross Communicate effectively with patients regarding the
morphology, ancillary tests), clinical presentations and benefits and risks associated with different diagnostic
imaging appearances to form an appropriate differential modalities and procedures.
diagnosis. Interact effectively with other health care team
Evaluate the imaging study in light of differential members such as surgeons, rheumatologists, oncologists
diagnoses to identify clinically relevant findings. and pathologists during management of MSK
conditions.
Acts Safely
Convey findings
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Musculoskeletal Imaging - Normal Variants
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3
1. Extraneous to Musculoskeletal System
2. Technique / Artifact
M ach effect
Projectional variants
(e.g. lucency greater tuberosity
humerus, tuberosity radius
simulating bone lesion, epiphysis
proximal humerus simulating
fracture)
BODY SYSTEMS
A ccessory Ossicles that may Hyperostosis frontalis interna
simulate fracture Variants of pneumatisation of
Sutural variants that may simulate paranasal sinuses
fracture I ntracranial calcifications
Vascular channels P seudosubluxation of C2/3
Nutrient foramina Accessory ribs
Bone island Variations in pedicle size
A nomalies of segmentation Notochordal remnants
Transitional spine S coliosis of sacrum
Variants of epiphyseal fusion Fibrous cortical defect
Variants of ossification (bone, Coccygeal angulation
epiphysis, apophysis, ossicles, P hyseal scar
sutures, synchondroses, ligaments) M etaphyseal density
Vacuum phenomenon B ipartite patella / other bones
Growth arrest lines E specially with MRI, awareness
Fusion of carpal / other bones of normal red and white marrow
Variants in bone marrow fat pattern in growth and ageing
content Variants of glenoid labrum (e.g.
Potentially symptomatic / painful Buford complex)
normal variants (awareness Variants of acetabular labrum
required for patient care) E g. fusion: Tarsal coalition
A wareness that some previous E g. Ossicles / ossification centres:
normal variants have been Os tibial externum
further investigated and are
pathologic eg. many os
acetabulum are infact stress
fractures related to FAI.
Spinal Variants
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 195
Ankle & Foot Variants
Tarsal coalition
Ossicles around the ankle & foot
Accessory muscles of the hindfoot
L ow soleal musculotendinous
junction
Accessory soleus
References:
Atlas of Normal Variants that May Simulate Disease. Theodore E. Keats, Mark W. Anderson. Mosby-Year Book Inc 2007. ISBN:
10 0-323-04300-3, ISBN: 13 978-0323-04300-7
Normal appearances
S tandard plain film views of the Additional special x-ray views: Westpoint view for instability
shoulder joint True AP and lateral views of A rthrography and joint aspiration
A P external rotation the scapula M R arthrography
A P internal rotation S capular neck C T arthrography
True anatomical AP for GH S capular spine N on-rotator cuff ultrasound
joint space S uprascapular notch
S ternoclavicular joint
M RI of shoulder
U ltrasound of rotator cuff
CT of shoulder & scapula
Impingement
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Bony Trauma
Joint Trauma
BODY SYSTEMS
Arthritis and Bursitis
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 197
Tendon Injuries and Degeneration
C alcific tendinopathy (HADD) P ectoralis major tears / avulsion L ong head of biceps instability
Rotator cuff tendinopathy / tears L ong head of biceps dislocation O ther tendon injuries or avulsions
Long head of biceps tendinopathy (e.g., coracobrachialis, short head
/ tears of biceps, etc.)
Subscapularis tear / avulsion
Infraspinatus tear / avulsion
Miscellaneous Disorders
AVN & bone infarcts Traumatic osteolysis of the outer O steochondral lesion OCD
clavicle A cromial apophysitis
S uprascapular nerve palsy S capulothoracic bursitis
Post-op changes & complications A xillary nerve palsy
in humeral head prosthesis Q uadrilateral space syndrome
Parsonage-Turner Syndrome
Normal appearances
Bony Trauma
C ommon elbow fractures L ess common elbow fractures S tress fracture of olecranon
(Epicondylar, lateral condylar, (Coronoid, olecranon) Essex-Lopesti fracture/subluxation
capitellar, radial head & neck, Coronoid process fracture
ulnar) P lastic bowing of the forearm
Supracondylar fractures & related bones
complications
Fracture-Dislocations (Monteggia,
Galeazzi)
Nightstick fracture
Greenstick fractures
S oft tissue signs of intra-articular L oose bodies and os R adiocapitellar overload syndrome
fracture supratrochleare C apitellar OCD
S upinator sign S ynovial osteochondromatosis Valgus extension overload
Fat fad displacement
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Infection & Inflammation
BODY SYSTEMS
U lnar neuropathy R adial (posterior interosseus)
M edian neuropathy neuropathy
A nconeus epitrochlearis
S ynovial fringe syndrome
Bony Trauma
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 199
Joint Injuries, Carpal Instability
Tendons
Miscellaneous
C ross-table O bturator
L esser trochanter
Bony Trauma
D isruption of the pelvic ring Apophyseal avulsions S tress reaction and fractures
A nterior and posterior column A SIS, PSIS A pophysitis
I liac crest
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Joint / Articular Injuries
S tress / incomplete
I ntertrochanteric including
classification
Complications e.g, avascular
necrosis (AVN)
BODY SYSTEMS
I diopathic chondrolysis A nkylosis, joint changes in
AVN of the femoral head
paraplegia & quadriplegia
S napping hip syndromes
Post-Treatment Changes
H ip joint prosthesis & Arthrodesis of hip F emoral rods, nails, plates &
complications Pelvic fracture fixation complications
Radiation necrosis
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 201
Bony Trauma
F racture healing B one scan findings in fractures P lastic bowing of the fibula
Long bone fractures Fibular head fracture Transient osteoporosis of the knee
Growth plate fractures S tress fractures of the growth
Patellar fractures plates
Bone bruising (MR) E valuation of orthopaedic
Salter-Harris type I fractures prostheses and fixation
Stress fractures of femur, patella, S pontaneous osteonecrosis of the
tibia and fibula knee (SONK)
Osteochrondritis dissecans
Knee Injuries
Meniscal tears (all types) Popliteus tendon injury Patellar position & tracking
Leg Trauma
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Neurovascular
D eltoid ligament
BODY SYSTEMS
Views of toes U S of foot and ankle Weight bearing
Weightbearing
N avicular
H arris-Beath
P lantodorsal midfoot
O s tibiale externum
S kyline sesamoids
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Ankle Injuries
D eltoid ligament
FHL
Peroneal
Tibialis anterior
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Foot Injuries
J ones fracture
Toe deformities
sesamoiditis
BODY SYSTEMS
H allux valgus and metatarsus
primus varus
H allux rigidus
Freibergs infraction
7. The Spine (For Spinal Cord & Nerves, See Neuro Syllabus)
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 205
Spinal Infections and Inflammatory Disorders
Infections
D iscitis (pyogenic, TB) Granulomatous osteomyelitis E chinococcus
E pidural abscess HIV S chistosomiasis
Subdural abscess S pinal meningitis C ysticercosis
Paraspinal abscess S eptic facet joint arthritis
Osteomyelitis P seudoinflammatory:
pseudoarthrosis of ankylosing
spondylitis
Cervical Spine
patient UNAIDED!!
S pinal alignment signs
swelling
H yperflexion injuries
Wedge compression fracture
U nilateral or bilateral
H yperextension injuries
F racture of the posterior arch
of the atlas
E xtension sprain injuries
H angmans fractures
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Thoracic Spine
Lumbar Spine
BODY SYSTEMS
S chmorls nodes
O blique views
S cheuermanns disease
A cute trauma
L umbosacral pseudarthrosis
Wedge compression
B urst fracture
Transverse process
C hance injuries
Vertebral osteonecrosis
Bone stress and stress fractures of
the pars
Sacroiliitis
D iscitis & vertebral osteomyelitis
Spondylolisthesis
Instability
Spondylosis
A cquired spinal stenosis
D ISH
Facet arthropathy
Rheumatoid arthritis
E pidural lipomatosis
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8. Bone Dysplasias (also see Paediatric Syllabus)
S upracapsular n.
Posterior interosseus n.
R adial n.
U lnar n.
Femoral n.
Posterior tibial n.
C ommon peroneal n.
Imaging Methods
X-Ray M RI B
iopsy methods (appropriate
CT surgical consultation first!)
Nuclear imaging
Secondary Malignancy
M etastases, lytic
Metastases, blastic
Multiple myeloma
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Primary Osteoblastic
Osteoma Osteoblastoma
Osteoid osteoma
Osteosarcoma
Primary Cartilaginous
E nchondroma Chondromyxoid fibroma
Osteochondroma
Chondroblastoma
Chondrosarcoma
Primary Fibrous
F ibrous dysplasia Fibrosarcoma Fibroxanthoma
Nonossifying Fibroma
Fibrous cortical defect
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Miscellaneous
Giant cell tumour E wing sarcoma A damantinoma
BODY SYSTEMS
Intraosseous haemangioma Lymphoma
A neurysmal bone cyst P lasmacytoma
Multiple myeloma Chordoma
Tumour-Like Lesions
nicameral bone cyst
U B rown tumour Thoracic elastofibroma
Intraosseous lipoma B one infarct
H eterotopic ossification
Paget disease
Imaging Methods
X-Ray CT U ltrasound (cyst vs. solid)
MRI N uclear imaging
B iopsy methods (appropriate
surgical consultation first!)
Secondary Malignancy
Lymph node metastases M etastases, muscle
M etastases, fat
Primary Fatty
Lipoma
Liposarcoma
Primary Fibrous
F ibromatosis / desmoid Fibrosarcoma, soft tissue
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Other Primary Soft Tissue Tumours
Synovial sarcoma S oft tissue chondroma
S oft tissue chondrosarcoma
L eiomyosarcoma
R habdomyosarcoma
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Peripheral Nerve Tumours
B enign peripheral nerve sheath M alignant peripheral nerve sheath
tumour tumour
Neurofibroma, solitary Neurofibroma, plexiform
Primary Vascular
Capillary haemangioma A ngiosarcoma
Lymphangioma
Capillary malformation
(e.g. Sturge Weber syndrome)
Venous malformation
A rteriovenous malformation
Miscellaneous Tumours and Tumour-Like Lesions
Pigmented villonodular synovitis G iant cell tumour of the tendon E lastofibroma of the chest
Synovial osteochondromatosis sheath
Myositis ossificans Aneurysm
Tumoral calcinosis Venous varix
Soft tissue ganglion U nrecognised muscle tear
Apophyseal avulsions
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Paediatric Imaging Learning Indications/contraindications for Paediatric Imaging/
specific protocols.
Competencies
Equipment and Techniques
The competent (trainee) radiologist will be able to:
BODY SYSTEMS
CORE KNOWLEDGE
Ultrasound Image Quality Assessment
Limitations of Ultrasound in Paediatric Imaging
Interacts effectively with other health care team
members such as medical imaging staff, the childs
CT Scanning
parents/carers, paediatric clinicians, GPs and relevant
statutory authorities during management of paediatric
Knowledge
conditions.
Explain the strengths, weaknesses, risks and roles of
Safety / Scan Preparation / Contrast Use (IV/ Oral) /
the imaging modalities, currently used in diagnosing
Radiation Safety Dosimetry (ALARA principle) and Dose
and evaluating paediatric abnormalities (to the parents/
Reduction / Technical Factors
carers and sometimes to the child). The trainee needs
Indications/contraindications for Paediatric Imaging CT /
to demonstrate knowledge of the different range of
Specific Protocols
pathology depending on the childs age and clinical
features on the interpretation of investigations. (E.g. a
Equipment and Technique
vascular renal mass in a neonate vs. a child of 4 years
with a supra renal mass and elevated urinary VMA etc).
CT Image Quality Assessment
Describe and direct assessment or work-up of a clinical
Limitations of CT in Paediatric Imaging
finding using imaging methods as appropriate.
Recognise when referral to a tertiary centre is necessary. MRI Scanning
Acts effectively in the paediatric setting in order to
maximise the likelihood of a successful diagnostic study. Knowledge
Recognise and act upon an inadequate examination and
suggest further investigations or referral to a paediatric Safety / Scan Preparation / Contrast Use / MRI General
centres. Safety / Technical Factors
Indications/contraindications for Paediatric Imaging MRI
Plain X-ray / Fluoroscopy / Specific Protocols
Knowledge
Equipment and Technique
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 211
Nuclear Medicine Acts Safely
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and large bowel pathologies, including hirschsprungs
disease, Microcolon, colonic and ileal atresia and
meconium ileus.
Reference for Paediatric Imaging Radiation Dose
The Image Gently Campaign (lower radiation dose in the
imaging of children)
http://www.pedrad.org/associations/5364/ig/
BODY SYSTEMS
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 213
Paediatric Imaging Clinical Conditions
Note there is extensive overlap with the adult syllabus in the various body systems. Some of the required paediatric syllabus
is included in the adult syllabus.
2. Neck
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3. Chest
BODY SYSTEMS
oesophageal fistula
Patent Ductus Arteriosis
Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema
Pneumothorax/
Pneumomediastinum
Transient tachypnoea of the
Newborn
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 215
Kidneys & Urinary Tract
Nephroblastomatosis Anomalies of renal / position H US
Non-obstructive/non-refluxing and fusion: Including Horseshoe/ Neurogenic bladder
(primary) megaureter Ectopia/ Duplex/ Crossed Fused Renal vascular accident
Posterior urethral valves Ectopia Sacrococcygeal teratoma
PUJ/ VUJ obstruction Autosomal dominant and recessive
Pyelonephritis Polycystic Kidney Disease
Urachal anomalies Mesoblastic Nephroma
Ureterocoele Multicystic dysplastic Kidney
Vesicoureteric Reflux Nephrocalcinosis
Wilms Tumour
Genital Systems (Some overlap with O&G, Abdomen curricula)
H ernias Abnormalities of uterine fusion Foreign bodies
/ development and uterine
obstruction
Cryptorchidism
Epididymitis
Hydrocoele
Testicular/ovarian neoplasm
Testicular trauma
Torsion of the testicular appendix
Torsion testis/ovary
Varicocoele
Vascular
H aemangiomas AVM Vascular tumours
Vascular malformation e.g. (other than haemangioma)
Lymphatic Malformation/ Venous
Malformation
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Developmental (Some overlap with Neuro Syllabus)
B enign macrocrania of infancy Arachnoid cyst F ibrous dysplasia
(increased subarachnoid fluid Branchial cleft cyst R athkes cleft cyst
space of infancy) Colloid cyst
Craniosynostosis M alformations of cortical
Dermoid, epidermoid cyst development
Heterotopic grey matter
Lissencephaly
Schizencephaly
Pachygyria - polymicrogyria
Neurocutaneous / Phakomatoses
N eurofibromatosis 1 Tuberous sclerosis
Neurofibromatosis 2 Von Hippel Lindau
Neoplastic and Hamartomatous
(Some overlap with Neuro syllabus; NB. Different categories for Adult vs. Children)
C horoid Plexus Papilloma/ Haemangioblastoma H amartoma of the tuber cinereum
BODY SYSTEMS
carcinoma Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Craniopharyngioma Oligodendroglioma
Ependymoma Rhabdomyosarcoma
Gliomas (including brain stem and
optic nerve)
Medulloblastoma
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
Pineal tumours
Pituitary tumours
Retinoblastoma
Vascular
Vascular malformations M oya moya
Venous thrombosis S turge-Weber Syndrome
Infective
M eningitis / Cerebral abscess ADEM
Retropharyngeal abscess Transverse myelitis
Sinusitis, tonsillitis and enlarged
adenoids
Trauma
Intra cranial haemorrhage S hearing injuries
NAI abusive head trauma
Skull fractures and complications
Miscellaneous
Dysmyelination syndromes MELAS
Leighs disease
Spine
Scheuermanns condition Inflammatory Spinal diseases
Scoliosis idiopathic/ congenital Sacrococcygeal Teratomas
Spinal dysraphism Spinal Bone Tumours
Spinal Cord Tumours
Tethered cord
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Imaging Techniques and Applications (Paediatric Neuro, H&N, Spine)
Skull x-rays Angiography
Spinal x-rays M R angiography
A irway x-rays M yelography
CT skull and brain L umbar puncture
MRI of brain
MRI of pituitary
CT of spine
MRI of spine
Developmental
Bronchogenic cyst Agenesis/aplasia
Dextrocardia/Situs inversus K artagener and immotile cilia
Diaphragmatic Hernia syndrome
Laryngomalacia Neurogenic and oesophageal
Tracheomalacia duplication cysts
Swyer-James syndrome
Traumatic
P neumatocoele
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Imaging Techniques and Applications (Paediatric Chest)
CXR CT Chest MR Chest
Airway x-rays
3. Musculoskeletal
BODY SYSTEMS
Haemophilia MPS
Osteogenesis Imperfecta Osteopetrosis
Osteopoikilosis
Sickle cell disease
Traumatic
Fractures
Greenstick
Plastic bowing
Salter harris
Torus
Fracture Dislocation
monteggia
Epiphyseal/apophyseal avulsion
Injury to the physis
Non-Accidental injury
Stress and toddlers fractures
Bone Infarction / osteonecrosis
Infective & Inflammatory
Brodies abscess
Juvenile inflammatory arthritis
Osteomyelitis / Discitis
Septic Arthritis
Transient Synovitis
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 219
Neoplastic, hamartomatous and related conditions
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Chondroblastoma Adamantinoma
Ewings Sarcoma Fibromatoses Chondromyxoid fibroma
Cartilage tumours Metastases
Enchondroma
Olliers
Fibrous dysplasia
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Osteosarcoma
Osteochondroma
Non-Ossifying Fibroma/ Fibrous
cortical defect
Osteoid Osteoma/ Osteoblastoma
Unicameral Bone Cyst
Vascular tumours
Imaging Techniques and Applications (Paediatric MSK)
X-rays C T scan U S of other joints
Skeletal survey M RI scan
US of hip joint
Bone scan
Normal
Developmental
Duplex kidney and complications Biliary atresia Mesenteric cyst
Multicystic dysplastic kidney Meckels diverticulum Urachal rest
PUJ obstruction Choledochal cyst
Traumatic
A ssessment of major blunt trauma Testicular trauma
and visceral perforation
Torsion testis/ovarian
Neoplastic and hamartomatous
Liver Haemangioma Hepatoblastoma
Nephroblastomatosis Fibrolamellar hepatoma
Neuroblastoma and Multilocular cystic nephroma
ganglioneuroma
Ovarian teratoma
Wilms tumour
Infective / inflammatory
Appendicitis & mesenteric adenitis Epididymitis C holecystitis and cholelithiasis
Bladder and upper tract urinary
infection including: Pyelonephritis
and renal abscess
Inflammatory bowel disease
Hydronephrosis
Reflux nephropathy
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Vascular
H enoch-Schonlein Purpura Liver transplant
K awasakis disease Renal transplant
Miscellaneous
Intussusception Coeliac disease I ngested foreign bodies and
Reflux oesophagitis and hiatus Hydrometrocolpos bezoar
hernia C aroli disease
Imaging Techniques and Applications (Paediatric Abdomen, Pelvis)
A XR E nteroclysis E RCP
IV Pyelogram R enal scintigraphy M RCP
MCU I ntussusception reduction M RI of the liver
Barium swallow M RI of the pelvis
Barium meal A bdominal angiography
Small bowel follow through
Barium enema
CT abdomen & pelvis
US abdomen & pelvis
BODY SYSTEMS
US of urinary tract
US of appendix
Chromosomal
D owns syndrome M arfan syndrome N oonan syndrome
Turners syndrome
Other
Leukaemia and Lymphoma M astocytosis
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 221
Breast Imaging Learning Distinction between screening and diagnostic
mammography
Competencies Role of Ultrasound Screening in dense breasts
Role of MRI screening in high risk women
The competent (trainee) radiologist will be able to:
CORE KNOWLEDGE
Demonstrate a clinical, pathological and radiological
understanding of breast disease.
Explain the strengths, weaknesses and risks (radiation
Interpret common and important clinical presentations
related and other) of the imaging modalities
in breast imaging practice for example
currently used in diagnosis and assessment of breast
abnormalities.
Breast lump
Describe/direct assessment or work-up of a clinical
Breast pain
problem or imaging finding using imaging methods as
Nipple discharge
appropriate.
Recognise and act upon an inadequate examination.
Describe the pathology of breast disease
Be able to recommend follow-up imaging at later time
interval when appropriate.
Incidence of carcinoma of the breast
Risk factors:
Mammography
racial
genetic
Knowledge
hormonal
dietary
Basic physics of mammography including exposure
Other
factors
Basic knowledge of film-screen mammography units
Local spread
Comparison of film/screen vs digital mammography
Patterns of metastatic disease in breast carcinoma
Comparison between CR vs full field Digital (DR)
Staging of breast carcinoma
Standard mammography positioning techniques
Survival rates
Rationale for compression and magnification
Other types of breast disease as listed in the level 2
Image quality assessment criteria
document
Mammography quality control procedures
Special mammography positions and techniques
Explain basic principles and issues of screening related
Imaging of breasts with implants
to breast cancer in Australia and New Zealand
Radiation related mammography risk
Length bias
Screening controversies
Cost effective screening
Genetic factors including BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 genes
and gene testing.
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MRI Distinction between malignant and benign (invasive and
non invasive) mammographic features
Knowledge Lesion localisation techniques (Clock face vs quadrants)
Unusual mammographic patterns of malignant breast
Indications/contraindications for use of breast MRI pathology
Standard MRI breast sequences Unusual mammographic patterns of benign breast
Special sequences for assessment of breast implants pathology
MRI image quality assessment Imaging the post-operative breast
Limitations of breast MRI Commonly missed lesions on mammography
Mammographic artefacts
CT Implant mammography
Normal ultrasound breast anatomy
Knowledge Ultrasound differentiation between benign and
malignant disease
Use of CT in breast cancer staging Ultrasound features of cysts
Common CT appearances of metastatic disease in Breast implant ultrasound
breast carcinoma Normal MRI breast anatomy
BODY SYSTEMS
Accuracy of CT compared with other modalities MRI differentiation between benign and malignant
Role of CT in detection of incidental breast lesions disease
MRI features of cysts
Nuclear Medicine Breast implant MRI
Imaging findings in benign and malignant breast Interpret the examination accurately and safely
disease using Tc-sestamibi or Tc-tetrofosmin Recognise the normal breast anatomy, range of variants
scintimammography and changing appearance with age and physiological
Indications/contraindications for Nuclear Medicine bone states; recognise normal imaging studies.
scanning in breast cancer staging Recognise breast pathology: benign, in-situ and invasive
Indications/contraindications for PET or PET/CT in breast lesions.
cancer imaging Conduct a thorough and systematic review of the
Accuracy of PET or PET/CT compared with other imaging examination and perceive relevant findings,
modalities positive and negative.
Describe assessment or work-up of a clinical problem Within limits of information available, form an
or mammographic finding using imaging methods as appropriate differential diagnosis by integrating
appropriate imaging findings with broader knowledge of clinical
Recognise and describe imaging findings in the presentation, epidemiology, pathology, and ancillary
breast tests.
Evaluate the imaging study in light of differential
Normal mammographic anatomy and development; diagnoses to identify clinically relevant findings.
patterns and variations with age
Mammographic features of breast pathology: Acts Safely
asymmetric density
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 223
Triple Test
Convey findings
Radiological Interventions
Carbon tracing
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Breast Imaging - Normal Variants
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3
NORMAL VARIATIONS OF THE BREAST
BODY SYSTEMS
Breast Imaging Clinical Conditions
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3
1. Breast Cancer Screening
2. Malignant Disease
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 225
3. Benign Disease
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Obstetric and Gynaecological Equipment and Technique
CT Scanning
Demonstrate a clinical, pathological and radiological
understanding of O&G disease.
Knowledge
Interpret common and important clinical presentations
in O & G imaging
Safety / Scan Preparation / Contrast Use (IV/ Oral)
Explain the basic principles of routine screening for
/ Radiation Safety Dosimetry and Dose Reduction /
obstetric abnormality in first and second trimester
Technical Factors
Indications/contraindications for O&G / Specific
CORE KNOWLEDGE
Protocols
BODY SYSTEMS
Explain the role and process of other non-imaging
Limitations of CT in O&G Imaging
investigations e.g the use of blood tests in First
Trimester Screening, Second Trimester Screening, the
MRI Scanning
implication of BRCA positivity etc
Describe/direct assessment or work-up of a clinical
Knowledge
problem or finding using imaging methods as
appropriate.
Safety / Scan Preparation / Contrast Use / MRI General
Recognise and act upon an inadequate examination.
Safety / Technical Factors
Indications/contraindications for O&G Imaging MRI /
Plain X-ray / Fluoroscopy
Specific Protocols
Knowledge
Equipment and Technique
Safety
Equipment and Technique: Basics only
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 227
KEY SKILLS to ensure the communication with the patient is
appropriate; meaning timely, using terms that the
Interpret the examination accurately and safely patient can readily comprehend, with an appreciation of
Appreciate the normal anatomy, range of variants and their social support and social network, with empathy
changing appearance with age and physiological states, for the content, and acceptance of the possible need for
including recognising normal imaging studies or those repeat explanations.
that require limited work-up to arrive at this conclusion.
Conduct a thorough and systematic review of Radiological interventions
the imaging examination and perceive relevant
abnormalities. Describe the techniques of both routine and ultrasonic
Judge the likely site of abnormalities on imaging hystero-salpingography, HyCoSi (hysteron salpingo
examination. (eg. endometrial vs. myometrial / contrast sonography), amniocentesis and CVS,
myometrial vs. adnexal) and appropriate category of appreciating their place in investigation and their
abnormality (eg ovarian mass lesion / fetal abdominal complications.
wall defect), in order to determine a differential Communicate effectively with patients regarding the
diagnosis benefits and risks associated with different diagnostic
Within limits of information available, integrate a modalities and procedures, appreciating their cultural
broader knowledge of clinical presentations, imaging circumstances, social support and social network.
appearances and pathology (eg epidemiology, gross Interact effectively with other health care team
morphology, ancillary tests), to form an appropriate members such as medical imaging staff, obstetricians,
differential diagnosis. gynaecologists, neonatologists, midwives, nurses, GPs
Re-evaluate the imaging study in light of differential and pathologists during management of obstetric and
diagnoses to identify clinically relevant findings. gynaecological conditions.
Activities may include eliciting clinically relevant
findings, or appropriate further investigative pathways
including talking to and examining the patient,
reviewing previous imaging, reviewing relevant
literature, or obtaining a second opinion, follow up,
biopsy, or further imaging.
Act safely
Convey findings
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Obstetrics & Gynaecological Imaging Normal Variants
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3
1. Gynaecology
2. Obstetrics
BODY SYSTEMS
circumferential vascularity in first
trimester (vs ectopic)
Succenturiate lobe
1. Ovarian Lesions
Physiological
P hysiological cysts & their
complications including
haemorrhagic cysts ie corpus
luteal, follicular
Corpus Luteum of pregnancy
Ruptured follicle midcycle
Developmental
Pre / postmenopausal appearance A bsent / streak ovaries
Idiopathic
E ndometriosis
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Neoplastic
S urface epithelial-stromal; Serous, O ther surface epithelial-stromal Struma Ovarii
mucinous & endometrioid tumors Ovarian carcinoid
Germ cell tumors S econdary neoplasms
S ex cord stromal tumors
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Inflammatory / Vascular
Tubo-ovarian abscess Ovarian torsion O varian vein thrombosis
Miscellaneous
Physiological / Developmental
B road ligament cysts
Wolffian duct remnants
Paraovarian & fimbrial
Inflammatory
PID & hydrosalpinx Tubal occlusions Tuberculosis Salpingitis
tubovarian abscess Salpingitis Isthmica Nodosa
Neoplastic
C arcinoma of the fallopian tube
Tubal metastases
Tubal leiomyoma
Idiopathic
Tubal Endometriosis
Vascular
Adenexal varices
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Vascular
Arteriovenous malformation
4. Endometrial Lesions
Physiological
C
hanges related to age and the
normal and abnormal menstrual
cycle
Neoplastic / dysplastic
A typical endometrial hyperplasia Gestational Trophoblastic Disease M alignant mixed mllerian tumors
and endometrial carcinoma S tromal tumors
Endometrial polyps
Infective
E ndometritis
Hyperplastic / proliferative
BODY SYSTEMS
S imple endometrial hyperplasia Adenomyosis
E ndometrial polyps
E ndometrial cysts
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Abdomen and Renal Tract
1. First Trimester
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Great Vessels
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
Aortic arch
Ductal Arch
Abdomen
Stomach / Situs
Kidneys
Bladder
Abdominal Wall
Spine
Ossification Centres
Skin Line
Extremities
12 Long bones
Hands/Fingers
BODY SYSTEMS
Feet/Toes
Position of joints
Umbilical Cord
Insertion
3 Vessels
Other
Cervical incompetence
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Face and neck
Absent nasal bone Cystig Hygroma
Cleft lip palate Micrognathia
Chest cardiac
CDH Pleural Effusion CHAOS
CPAM Cardiac defects Teratoma
Pericardial Effusion Pentralogy of Cantrell
Arrythmias
Abdomen and Renal Tract
Omphalocoele B owel atresias including Duodenal Bladder extrophy
Gastroschisis atresia Cloaca
Renal Pelvis dilatation Abdominal cysts Adrenal masses
BOO, posterior urethral valves Ascites Renal masses
Renal agenesis Abdominal calcifications Hepatic masses
MCDK Echogenic kidneys
Horseshoe kidney
Ectopic kidney
MSk
Club foot Abnormalities of the hand / feet Skeletal dysplasias
Polydactyly Arthrogryposis
Radial ray Focal femoral deficiency
S coliosis, segmental spine
anomalies
Other
Fetal Hydrops Eetal infection Heterotaxy syndrome
3. Third Trimester
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5. Liquor abnormalities
6. Multiple Pregnancies
BODY SYSTEMS
LSCS complcations eg collections
8. Aneuploidy
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 235
Vascular Imaging and Ultrasound
Interventional Radiology Knowledge
Learning Competencies
Safety
The competent (trainee) radiologist will be able to
Indications/contraindications for Vascular Imaging &
Demonstrate a clinical, pathological and radiological Interventional Radiology Ultrasound/specific protocols
understanding of vascular disease.
Interpret common and important clinical presentations Equipment and Technique
in vascular imaging and interventional radiology
Construct management plans for common clinical Ultrasound Image Quality Assessment
presentations in vascular imaging and interventional Limitations of Ultrasound in Vascular Imaging &
radiology. Interventional Radiology
Safety / Preparation / Contrast Use (IV/ Oral) / Radiation Equipment and Technique
Safety Dosimetry and Dose Reduction / Technical Factors
Indications/contraindications for Vascular Imaging & MRI Image Quality Assessment
Interventional Radiology/specific protocols Limitations of MRI in Vascular Imaging & Interventional
Radiology
Equipment and Techniques
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Nuclear Medicine health care team members and assists in formulating an
imaging and management plan as necessary.
Knowledge
Radiological interventions
Safety / Radiopharmaceutical Use (Labelled RBC /DTPA
MAG III DMSA) / Radiation Safety Dosimetry and Dose Competent in the techniques of basic diagnostic
Reduction angiography. Familiar with common vascular
Nuclear Medicine GIT Bleeding Studies interventional procedures such as angioplasty and
Meckels Scans stenting.
DTPA / DMSA / MAG III) Competent at basic biopsy and image guided drainage
Demonstrate knowledge of the principles/ limitations/ procedures. Familiar with the steps involved in
indications of MIBG / Octreotide Scanning/ PET Scans in percutaneous nephrostomy insertion.
Vascular Imaging & Interventional Radiology Assess the adequacy of interventional procedures,
recognise and manage complications and
Equipment and Technique: Basics only demonstrate knowledge and application of the follow-
up of procedures.
NMCT Image Quality Assessment Competent in the knowledge, clinical presentations,
BODY SYSTEMS
Limitations of NMCT in Vascular Imaging & assessment and management of interventional
Interventional Radiology radiological procedures.
QA for procedural radiology.
KEY SKILLS Communicating effectively with patients and clinicians
regarding the benefits and risks associated with
Interpret the examination accurately and safely different diagnostic modalities and procedures.
Recognise the normal anatomy, range of variants and
changing appearance with age and physiological states.
Conducts a thorough and systematic review of the
imaging examination and perceive the relevant
abnormalities.
Within the limits of information available, integrates
broader knowledge of pathology (eg. Epidemiology,
gross morphology, ancillary tests), clinical presentations
and imaging appearances to form an appropriate
differential diagnosis.
Evaluates the imaging study in light of differential
diagnoses to identify clinically relevant findings.
Acts Safely
Convey findings
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 237
Vascular and Interventional Imaging Normal Variants
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3
1. General and peripheral vascular
2. Thoracic vascular
3. Abdominal vascular
4. Urointervention
orseshoe kidney
H U reteric variants U rachal variants
Pelvic kidney
E xrarenal pelvis
Parapelvic cysts
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Vascular and Interventional Radiology Clinical Conditions
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3
VASCULAR DIAGNOSTIC CONDITIONS
BODY SYSTEMS
D eep venous thrombosis Pseudoaneurysm and AV fistula obliterans)
R aynaud phenomenon
Popliteal artery entrapment
syndrome
A dventitial cystic disease of
popliteal artery
K lippel-Trenauny-Weber Syndrome
M ay Turner syndrome
4. Cardiac
5. Abdominal Vascular
A bdominal aortic aneurysm S plenic and other visceral artery C oeliac artery compression
Mesenteric ischemia aneuryms syndrome
GI haemorhage Aortic endoleak B udd Chiari syndrome
Blunt abdominal and pelvic Vascular complications of A ortoenteric fistula
trauma pancreatitis M esenteric vein thrombosis
Retroperitoneal and rectus sheath Portal hypertension / varicies
haematoma R enal artery stenosis
2014 RANZCR. Radiodiagnosis Training Program Curriculum Version 2.1 Page 239
VASCULAR & NONVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS
2. Vascular Intervention
iagnostic arteriography
D Percutaneous angioplasty C omplex arterial and venous
D ialysis fistulography Vascular stent insertion access
Percutaneous venous access E mbolisation I VC filter retrieval
Central and PICC line insertion IVC filter insertion Foreign body retrieval
L umbar sympathectomy Thrombolysis / thrombectomy
A ortic stent grafts
3. Uroradiology Intervention
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