Mechanical and Heavy Equipment;

General Requirements;

A SAUDI ARAMCO hot work permit shall be obtained per GI 2.100 for use of mechanical
or heavy equipment with internal combustion engines within SAUDI ARAMCO restricted
areas.

Mechanical and heavy equipment shall be inspected on a regular basis by a competent

heavy equipment inspector or mechanic.

Inspections shall be conducted on all mechanical and heavy equipment prior to their use.
Users performing these inspections shall ensure the following, at a minimum, prior to
operating the equipment:
A. Fuel, oil, hydraulic fluid, water, etc., leaks/spills shall be immediately contained,
cleaned up and properly disposed.
B. Hose and pipe connections checked for wear and cracks. Defective hoses/pipes shall be
replaced or repaired.
C. All lights and warning devices operate properly.
D. Wiring inspected for damage or improper repairs.
E. Fire extinguisher(s) inspected, tagged, operable and accessible.

Only authorized personnel shall be allowed to enter the work area where mechanical and
heavy equipment is in operation. When entering the work area, authorized personnel shall
make direct eye contact with the equipment operator(s) to ensure their presence is known.

Operators shall ensure the work area is clear prior to operating mechanical and heavy
equipment.

When an operator cannot see the entire area around the equipment, attendants/spotters
wearing high-visibility (e.g., reflective) fluorescent vests shall direct and assist the
operator.

Reverse alarms shall be audible and working on all heavy equipment.

Preventive maintenance schedules shall be established and strictly followed for each piece
of equipment.

Operators shall dismount from equipment while maintenance or repair work is being
performed, unless otherwise instructed.

Repairs, adjustments or replacement of parts shall not be permitted on operating

equipment. Equipment shall be stopped and deactivated prior to performing repairs.

Heavy equipment tires shall be deflated before repairing them. They shall be inflated
inside a strong restraining device (e.g., a tire cage) by increasing the tire pressure
gradually.
CSM 111-2 Mechanical and Heavy Equipment July 2011 Page 1 of 8
Equipment cabs shall provide 360-degree visibility (e.g., curtains/cardboard cannot
obstruct the operators view during operation). Cabs shall be kept clean and clear of items
such as rubbish and loose tools. Windows shall be kept clean at all times and shall be
replaced if the glass becomes pitted, cracked or broken.

Equipment shall be located to prevent exhaust fumes from affecting personnel in the area.
Gasoline- or diesel-powered equipment shall not be used inside buildings, inside confined
spaces or upwind of confined spaces while a confined space entry is ongoing. The
potential of exhaust fumes entering the confined space shall be prevented if simultaneous
activities are unavoidable.

Engines shall be stopped, the parking brake applied and wheels chocked when mechanical
or heavy equipment is left unattended, including overnight.

Blades, buckets, scraper bowls and other hydraulic equipment shall be lowered to the
ground when it is left unattended. Ignition keys shall be removed and/or battery cables
disconnected to avoid startup by unauthorized personnel.

Any mechanical or heavy equipment left unattended at night, if adjacent to a highway or

construction area where work is in progress, shall have appropriate lights/reflectors
installed or barricades shall be equipped with appropriate lights/reflectors to identify the
location of the equipment.

Personnel shall not ride in or work off any part of the equipment, unless it is specifically
designed for such work.

Personnel shall not rest or sleep (e.g., seek shade) under mechanical or heavy equipment at
any time.

2 Heavy Equipment Operator Qualifications

2.4.1 Operators shall possess a valid Saudi Arabian government (SAG) heavy equipment
license and SAUDI ARAMCO certification per GI 7.025 as required for operation of the
specific type of heavy equipment. Additional equipment not currently listed GI 7.025 may
also require a specific certification. The SAUDI ARAMCO proponent organization
(SAPO) shall be contacted for information regarding equipment not listed in GI 7.025.
2.4.2 Operators of equipment not requiring SAUDI ARAMCO certification shall be
trained, tested and issued written authorization by their employer for the specific
equipment to be operated.
2.4.3 Non-SAUDI ARAMCO marine personnel may possess a home-country
certification from a recognized international institution for heavy equipment used offshore
(see GI 7.024 for additional information).
2.2 Portable Air Compressors
2.5.1 Portable air compressors shall be properly designed, inspected, tested and
CSM 111-2 Mechanical and Heavy Equipment July 2011 Page 2 of 8
maintained, and shall be equipped with safety relief valves. Air receivers shall be
periodically inspected and documented.
2.5.2 Daily checks shall be performed on the compressors pressure relief valve,
fuel, oil and water levels. The air reservoir shall be drained of trapped water prior
to use.
2.5.3 Compressors shall be equipped with an easily accessible and visible emergency
shutdown switch or button.
2.5.4 Goggles and full face shield shall be worn when compressed air is used in special
cleaning/purging tasks.
2.5.5 Compressed air shall not be used to remove dust or dirt from clothing or
individuals. A compressed air hose shall not be directed towards an individual for any
reason.
2.5.6 Horseplay with compressed air shall be strictly forbidden.
2.5.7 Air compressors supplying breathing air shall:
A. Have the air intake for the compressor located at a site free of air contaminants
(e.g., upwind of any internal combustion engines).
B. Have pressure relief valve(s) on air receiver(s).
C. Include a high-efficiency breathing air filter and water/oil traps before the filter in
the air delivery system to remove moisture, oil mist and particulates.
D. Have continuous inline carbon monoxide (CO) monitoring with an audible alarm
set to 35 ppm if an oil lubricating compressor.
E. Operate at a maximum of 118 C (245 F) and 150 psig (see the manufacturers
specifications).
F. Be fitted with air intake filters to remove particulates.
G. Have an automatic high-temperature alarm on the air output set at a maximum
temperature of 60 C (140 F).
H. Outlet air temperature delivered to the operators mask/hood shall be no hotter than
37.8 C (100 F). Use of air-cooling devices (e.g., vortex tubes) may be necessary.
I. Supply air at a rate of 170 L/min (6 SCFM) for hoods without a vortex tube and
708 L/min (25 SCFM) for hoods with a vortex tube.
J. Be adequately grounded to prevent formation of static electricity.
K. Have cleaning and inspection programs and written operating procedures
developed/provided by the users management.

L. Be tested quarterly per GI 1780.001 by a SA-approved independent third party testing

facility to ensure air quality meets Compressed Gas Association (CGA) Grade D air
quality requirements, including:
Oxygen, not less than 20% nor more than 23% by volume.
Carbon monoxide, not more than 10 parts per million (ppm) by volume.
Carbon dioxide, not more than 0.1% by volume.
Oil mist, not more than 5 mg/m3 at standard temperature and pressure (STP).
Particulates, not more than 5 mg/m3.
Water vapor, not more than 0.76 mg/L.
2.3 Portable Electrical Generators
2.6.1 A trained electrician shall ensure that wired electrical connections are properly
made.
2.6.2 Outlets supplying hand held electrical power tools shall be equipped with
CSM 111-2 Mechanical and Heavy Equipment July 2011 Page 3 of 8
functioning Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) and be limited to no more than 120
volts.
2.6.3 Users shall ensure generators have been inspected and approved for use.
2.6.4 Generators shall have an accessible stop button/shutdown switch for emergency
shut off.
2.6.5 Pulleys, belts and fans shall be completely enclosed or otherwise guarded. See
Chapter III-1, Machine Guarding, of this manual for additional information.
2.6.6 Engine cover side panels shall be closed at all times when the engine is running.
2.6.7 The generator shall be properly grounded before use.
2.6.8 Portable generator equipment shall be located away from flammable and
combustible materials. A hot work permit shall be issued per GI 2.100 for use of a
generator within a SA-restricted area.
2.4 Forklifts
2.7.1 Forklifts shall be used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
2.7.2 Forklifts with additional special equipment or equipment in place of the forks shall
meet the manufacturers specifications.
2.7.3 Forklifts shall have a valid inspection sticker.
2.7.4 Forklifts shall be equipped with overhead protection, seatbelts, a fire
extinguisher and a backup warning alarm.
2.7.5 Forklift operators shall conduct forklift preuse inspections. Inspections shall
include checking the functionality of backup warning alarm and safety devices.
2.7.6 Forklifts shall only be used on stable road/surface conditions. Loads shall always
be in the uphill position when traveling up an inclined surface.
2.7.7 Forks shall be tilted back and raised no more than 15-20 cm (6-8 inches) above the
ground to maintain stability when traveling with loads.
2.7.8 Loads shall not exceed the manufacturers rated lifting capacity (e.g., as indicated
on the data plate).
2.7.9 Unstable or insecure loads shall not be transported. Loads shall not be raised or
lowered while the forklift is moving.
2.7.10 Diesel or gasoline powered forklifts shall not be used in closed buildings,
warehouses or poorly ventilated areas.
2.7.11 Forklifts shall not be left unattended with the engine running. When forklifts are
parked the forks shall not be in a raised position.
2.7.12 Operators shall travel in reverse when the load obstructs the operators forward
view. Operators shall travel in reverse when going down an inclined surface, keeping the
load uphill.
2.7.13 Personnel other than the operator shall be prohibited from riding on the forklift,
including on the forks.
2.7.14 Personnel shall not be raised or lowered by a forklift, unless contained within an
attachment specifically designed for this purpose and model of forklift used.
2.7.15 Personnel shall not place any part of their body between moving parts of the
forklift.
2.7.16 Electric (battery) powered forklifts shall be recharged in well-ventilated areas to
prevent the possible buildup of hydrogen gas (flammable) in the battery charging area.

2.8 Excavators (including backhoes and trenching equipment)

CSM 111-2 Mechanical and Heavy Equipment July 2011 Page 4 of 8

2.8.1 Personnel shall not work within the boom radius while an excavator is in operation
or where they could be struck by any part of the excavator.
2.8.2 Outriggers, if provided, shall be fully extended when operating a mechanical
excavator.

2.8.3 Excavators shall maintain a clearance of at least 0.6 m (2 ft) from any fixed object
while performing a swinging motion.
2.8.4 Mechanical excavators shall not be used within 3 m (10 ft) of any pipeline,
equipment, cable or other obstruction.
2.8.5 Spotters wearing high-visibility (e.g., reflective) vests shall be used during
excavation activities to assist and guide the operator as needed.
2.8.6 Booms shall be latched and secured before travel.
2.8.7 Only mechanical excavators designed by the manufacturer to perform lifting shall
be used to raise, lower or suspend a load.
2.9 Graders, Dozers, Scrapers, Loaders and Mini-Loaders
2.9.1 Spotters wearing high-visibility (e.g., reflective) vests shall be used to assist and
guide the operator as needed.
2.9.2 Equipment shall be provided with rollover protection.
2.9.3 Engines shall not be left running when the equipment is unattended. Operators
shall shut off the engine and remove the ignition key before leaving the machine.
2.9.4 Equipment shall be blocked in position if there is work to be performed underneath
the equipment.
2.10 Dumpers and Dump Trucks
2.10.1 Personnel shall not ride in the skip or on the engine cover of dumpers and dump
trucks.
2.10.2 Dump bodies shall be fully lowered before leaving the dump area.
2.10.3 Dumper skip latches shall be in good working order. The release mechanism shall
function smoothly.
2.10.4 Dumpers and dump trucks shall be regularly maintained with particular attention to
brakes, steering and skip release mechanisms. Proper towing eyes with shackles or pins
shall be provided if they are used for towing.
2.10.5 Dump bodies shall be fully lowered when repair or maintenance are being
performed. Dump bodies shall be blocked if they are to be in the raised position for an
extended period. Hydraulic rams shall not be used to support a raised body for an extended
period.
2.11 Concrete Mixers and Batch Plants
2.11.1 Proper personal protective equipment (PPE) such as respirators, hearing protection
and goggles, shall be worn (see Chapter I-3, Personal Protective Equipment [PPE], of this
manual).
2.11.2 Chains, gears, revolving shafts and other moving parts shall be properly guarded
(see Chapter III-1, Machine Guarding).
2.11.3 Safety chains, catches and lifting mechanisms shall be in good operating condition.
2.11.4 Empty cement bags shall not be allowed to accumulate in the work area.
2.11.5 Approaches to sand and aggregate bins shall be barricaded. Only authorized
personnel shall be permitted access to the site.
2.11.6 Silo access ladders shall meet the requirements of Chapter II-3, Ladders and
CSM 111-2 Mechanical and Heavy Equipment July 2011 Page 5 of 8
Stepladders.
2.11.7 Silos shall be considered confined spaces and activities performed inside a silo
shall meet the requirements of Chapter I-6, Confined Spaces.

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