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Classification of topics
There will be 4 papers, 100 marks each. Each paper has 2 long questions 20 marks each.
And 6 short questions 10 mark each. Questions on recent advances may be asked in any
or all the papers.

Paper 1
1. History of public health and concepts in public health
2. Role of social sciences in health
3. Information, education, communication and counseling
4. Medical entomology and zoonotic diseases.
5. Environmental health and ecology
6. Epidemiology
7. Biostatistics and Research methodology

Paper 2
1. Principles of Nutrition and Applied nutrition
2. Communicable diseases
3. Non-Communicable diseases
4. Occupational Health
5. National Health Programs
6. Disaster Management
7. Public Health emergencies

Paper 3
1. Maternal and Child Health Care
2. Demography and Family Welfare
3. Social Pediatrics
4. School Health and the Health care of the Aged
5. Health care of the challenged; Community Based Rehabilitation
6. Reaching healthcare for the unreached (Tribal health; Rural health etc)
7. Community mental health
8. Genetics and health

Paper 4
1. Health care systems in India
2. Primary health care
3. Health legislation
4. International health
5. Voluntary sector in health
6. City/Town planning and health
7. Health care management
8. Health information systems
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Topic-wise Distribution of Exam Questions

M.D. Community Medicine

The questions have been divided according to the topics. Within each topic, the
questions have been marked as to whether they fall into main questions category or
short questions. A main question is for 20 marks. A short question is for 10 marks.
Repeat short questions have been mentioned only once with a star mark.
Duration of the exam is 3 hours (180 minutes) during which we attend 8 questions for a
total of 100 marks.
Therefore the time allotted for the questions should be:
Main questions = 2 X 30 minutes = 60 minutes
Short questions = 6 X 15 minutes = 105 minutes
Review of the answer paper = 15 minutes

1. Man and Medicine-towards health for all

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Describe the evolution of community medicine from Hygiene justifying
various terminologies is has undergone during this process
2) Enumerate the Public Health Laws enacted in India. Describe the provisions
under anyone of these acts. (1993)
3) Discuss the contributions of Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, and Edward Jenner
in the evolution of modern public health practices.

Short Questions 10 marks

4) Robert Kochs postulates in causation of disease.
5) Louis Pasteur
6) Ronald Ross
7) Contribution of John Snow (2004)
8) The Great Sanitary Awakening (2005)
9) Social Engineering Phase
10) States responsibility of health (2008)
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11) Compare social medicine and socialized medicine (2002)

12) Social Medicine
13) Socialized medicine
14) Community Diagnosis (2004)

2. Concepts of health and diseases

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Describe the evolution of concepts in the etiology of disease till date. (2003)
2) Describe the concept of web of causation in relation to coronary heart
disease. Discuss the suitable measures of prevention and control with
reference to risk factors.(2003)
3) What is primordial prevention? Give suitable examples to explain. (2000)
4) What are the 5 major elements of health promotion and how can you apply it
to Leprosy.
5) Global vision for holistic health (2007)

Short Questions 10 marks

6) Physical Health
7) Standardized death rate and its importance (2001)
8) Iceberg phenomena(1997)**
9) Human development index
10) Influence of socio-economic conditions in health (2008)
11) Sources of mortality data and limitations (2002)
12) Disability rates (2002)
13) PQLI** (2004)
14) Quality of life (2003)
15) Ecological triad its importance in public health.(2002)
16) Holistic approach in Health care
17) Primordial prevention
18) Ecological concept of diseases.
19) DALY
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3. Principles of epidemiology and epidemiology methods

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Define Surveillance. How are hospital information systems useful for disease
surveillance? Plan for a surveillance system for common infectious diseases
for a district. (2005)
2) Discuss the influence of bias in a research study. How can bias be reduced?
(2005)
3) Discuss the role of Epidemiology in determination of Disease etiology.(2000)
4) Describe a program to reduce vaccine preventable diseases in an area
covered by a PHC
5) Discuss the epidemiological methods and their basis for the application of
preventive medicine to the control and eradication of diseases.(1997)
6) What is Evaluation? What are the methods of evaluation for a training
program?(1993)
7) Steps in a case control study. Write a note on Biases. (2002)
8) Describe the steps in the evaluation of an IEC program (2004)
9) Define Epidemiology and describe the various epidemiological methods with
merits and demerits of each of them. (2004)
10) Define Epidemiology. Enumerate its uses. Outline the general methods of
control of diseases with known etiology. (2002)
11) Discuss the merits and demerits of a case control design to study the
association between smoking and lung cancer. Highlight the sources of bias
and the methods to overcome the same in your discussion. (2001)
12) Critically analyze the statement: Study of medical geography helps in the
understanding of epidemiology (2001)
13) What is meant by strength of association? Discuss the concept by giving
suitable examples.
14) Discuss the methodology of RCTs
15) Epidemiology is a useful tool in the study of diseases
16) Design a case control study for identifying the various risk factors for
hypertension in your urban field practice area.
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17) Outline the design of a case control study and a cohort study to examine the
association of high fat diet and bowel cancer.
18) What epidemiological study designs can be used to evaluate a screening
program? Describe their merits and de-merits
19) What is analytical epidemiology? How will you design a case control study to
prove that high amount of environmental radiation has accounted for the high
incidence of Leukemia among the local residents living close to a nuclear
plant? Discuss the advantages vis--vis disadvantages of a case control
study.
20) How will you design a research study to test a new anti-malarial drug? (2007)
21) Give the uses and application of epidemiology in public health. Evolve a
strategy for strengthening of epidemiological cell at district level. (2007)
22) Enumerate the steps of evaluation. Describe the evaluation of national family
welfare program with statistical indicators (2007)

Short Questions 10 marks

23) Point and period prevalence
24) Define causal association. How will you proceed to determine causal
association between factor X and cancer cervix? (1992)
25) Three epidemiological measures of disease frequency and their relationship.
26) Random and systematic errors in epidemiological studies
27) Interpretation of geographical distribution of disease.
28) Causal inference
29) Tools in Epidemiology
30) Time trends in Epidemiology
31) Time Trend analysis
32) Uses of descriptive epidemiology
33) Confounder in analytical studies
34) Confounded variables(1992)
35) Relative risk
36) Relative risk v/s attributable risk
37) Population attributable risk
38) Simulation studies
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39) Notification
40) Cohort studies (1992)
41) Bradford Hills criteria for association and causation
42) Immunoglobulin
43) Evaluation
44) 30 cluster approach for vaccination coverage evaluation (VCE) surveys in
UIP
45) Case studies
46) Spot Maps.
47) Double Blind Clinical trial. (2000) ***
48) Incubation period** Uses of IP**
49) Epidemiological significance of incubation period
50) Serological epidemiology **
51) Non-randomized control trials (2003).
52) Randomized control trials
53) Utility of intervention studies
54) Uses of epidemiology (2003).
55) What is vaccine efficacy? How could vaccine efficacy be established? (2005)
56) Feasibility survey. (2000)
57) Role of epidemiology in Public Health. (2000)
58) Ambispective Cohort studies
59) Retrospective cohort studies
60) Passive surveillance
61) Disease surveillance
62) Epidemiological surveillance (2001)
63) Age pyramids **
64) Migrant studies (2008)
65) Active immunity (2003)
66) Importance of carriers in Public health practice
67) Herd immunity for disease control. (2005)
68) Role of cold-chain in immunization (2005)
69) Berksons fallacy (2000)
70) Sentinel surveillance (2002)
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71) Surveillance of vaccine preventable diseases at various levels from district

onwards to the community
72) Informed consent in clinical trials (2000)
73) International death certificate (2004)
74) Disinfection
75) Disinfection in family planning
76) Enumerate the principles of evaluation and indicate ways in which this aspect
of health administration can be encouraged. (1992)
77) Quarantine, Isolation and Segregation. (1992)
78) Seroprophylaxis
79) Clinical Epidemiology
80) Newer vaccines for communicable diseases
81) Addition of newer vaccines into national immunization schedule: Rational and
issues (2007)
82) Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve)
83) Efficiency and efficacy
84) Vaccine efficacy
85) Epidemiologic assessment preceding national mass interventions (2007)
86) Assessment tools in pulmonary epidemiology.
87) Neuro - epidemiological assessment tools

4. Screening for diseases.

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Discuss with examples the implications of false negatives and false
positives of a screening test on individuals and communities. What is the
influence of changing prevalence rates on the predictive value of a screening
test?(2005)
2) Discuss the rationale, strategies and utility of screening programs in
Community Health. (2000)
3) What are screening tests? How do you adopt screening strategies to screen
anemia in pregnancy.
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4) Screening for disease is a managerial tool. Discuss in detail the screening for
health and disease with suitable examples.
5) What are the properties of a good screening test? Discuss the merits and
demerits of screening tests used for the detection of Tuberculosis and
Diabetes Mellitus.
Short Questions 10 marks
6) Sensitivity and specificity. (2003)
7) Screening tests** (2002)
8) Screening for diseases (1990)
9) Validity of a screening test (2001)
10) Critical point in Screening

5. Epidemiology for communicable diseases

i. Respiratory infection

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Describe the threat of S.A.R.S (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) as a
public health emergency to our country. Discuss how it has been effectively
contained at present at the global level. (2003)
2) Justify the statement that Measles is a Pediatric priority in the developing
country. Discuss in brief the epidemiology. Write in detail about the latest
work being done in relation measles immunization.
3) Write about the changing behavior of Epidemiology of Measles after
introduction of measles vaccination in the national immunization program
4) Describe the current situation of tuberculosis in the World and India. What
are the epidemiological factors that have contributed to the present status?
Describe the present strategy for control in India. (2005)
5) Describe the parameters used for the measurement of the problem of
Tuberculosis in India. Discuss the revised strategy for the control of TB in
our country.(2002)
6) Comment on the performance of district tuberculosis centers. Discuss the
newer strategies to control tuberculosis. (2006)
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7) Describe the epidemiology of Tb in India. What strategies are adopted in

NTCP?
8) Describe with suitable charts, the organizational set up of national TB
control program. Mention the recent changes introduced. (1991)
9) Discuss the role of acute respiratory tract infections in childhood. Plan a
programme to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to this in a primary
health centre area.

Short Questions 10 marks

10) Quality sputum microscopy. (2003)
11) Chicken pox vaccine ** (2007)
12) Antigenic shift and antigenic drift. (2003)
13) Epidemiological indices of Tuberculosis. (2000)
14) World TB day 2005 (2008)
15) Management of multi drug resistance in TB (2004)
16) DOTS (2007)
17) DOTS Plus strategy
18) DOTS strategy for the control of Tuberculosis (2001)
19) Short term chemotherapy in Tuberculosis (1992)
20) Lab diagnosis of diphtheria
21) As a DHO, how would you monitor the occurrence of measles and detect an
epidemic in your district.

ii. Intestinal infection

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Describe the strategies that have been adopted to ensure quality of oral
polio vaccine. (2005)
2) Describe the epidemiology, prevention and control of poliomyelitis? (2005)
3) Describe the candidate disease for elimination from our country. Analyze in
detail the epidemiological movements against Poliomyelitis. (2007)
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4) Describe the epidemiological factors favoring transmission of cholera. How

would you investigate a suspected outbreak of this disease? (2005)
5) Describe the current vaccine used for immunization against Hepatitis B.
Debate on the present strategy of immunization. How would monitor the
short term and long term effects of its immunization to a cohort of children?
(2005)
6) Describe the global trends of viral hepatitis. Discuss the epidemiology,
prevention and control of hepatitis B infections in India. (2001)

Short Questions 10 marks

7) Epidemiologic basis of hepatitis B vaccination. (2003)
8) Pulse polio immunization strategy. (2003)/ Pulse polio
9) Eradication of Poliomyelitis
10) Hospital infection by Hepatitis B and its control. (2000)
11) Salk vaccine
12) Hepatitis B vaccine
13) Hepatitis A vaccine
14) Oral typhoid vaccine
15) Pulse polio immunization - stepping stone in polio eradication. (2000)
16) Lameness survey
17) Oral re-hydration solution
18) Antigenic variations in salmonella (1993)
19) Myiasis (1993)
20) AFP surveillance * (2002) (2008)
21) Discuss the epidemiology of diarrheal diseases and suggest control
measures. (2002)
22) Super ORS
23) Vibrio cholera 013g Bengal
24) Investigation of food poisoning outbreak (2007)

iii. Arthropod borne infection

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Main Questions 20 marks

1) Trace the epidemiological picture of malaria till date. Outline the role of
molecular epidemiology in the control in malaria.(2003)
2) Critically review the National Malaria Eradication Programme implemented
in India (2003)
3) What is human ecology? How can ecological approach be helpful in the
control of Malaria? (2007)
4) What are the factors responsible for the resurgence of Malaria globally and
in India? Describe the current global strategy for controlling the disease.
(2005)
5) Give the epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis in India and discuss the
problems involved in its control**. Also add a note on its surveillance** Add
a note on vector control**
6) Describe the epidemiology and control program of JE in India** (2008)
7) Describe the epidemiology of Dengue syndrome in India with special
reference to recent outbreak. Mention the criteria for clinical diagnosis of
dengue hemorrhagic fever without shock. Discuss the preventive and
control measures, you would like to implement to prevent such epidemics in
future.
8) Discuss the epidemiology of Filariasis in India and describe the filarial
indices. (1984)

Short Questions 10 marks

9) Describe the epidemiology of JE. Outline the preventive measures. (2002)
10) Satellite remote sensing in malaria control. (2003)
11) Drug resistance in Malaria. (2003)
12) Magnitude and management of drug resistance in malaria
13) Malaria Vaccine (2002)
14) Surveillance in malaria (2007)
15) Resurgence of malaria (1990)**
16) Tropical Paraplegia
17) Nocturnal periodicity in filariasis
18) Recent trials in reducing filariasis worm load in the community
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iv. Zoonoses

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Describe the epidemiology of rabies. Mention in detail about the recent
advances in laboratory diagnosis and prophylaxis against rabies. (2000)

Short Questions 10 marks

2) Describe the epidemiology of rabies. Outline the measures for the control of
rabies. (2005)
3) Urban Rabies
4) Anti Rabies Vaccines (2001)
5) Verification of suspected plague outbreaks. (2002)
6) Diagnosis of plague
7) Ecological factors of common Arbo-viral diseases prevalent in India and
their characteristics of occurrence.

v. Surface infection

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Outline a program to eliminate Neonatal Tetanus from India. (2000)
2) Discuss the recent advance in the field of leprosy control. Suggest measure
for effective control and ultimate eradication of the disease.
3) Mention the current level leprosy in India and discuss the strategies to
eliminate leprosy. Add a note on the organization of rehabilitation services
for leprosy patients
4) Discuss the present leprosy scene in India. State briefly its epidemiology
with special emphasis on the role of immunity. Mention the significance of
MDT in Leprosy control. Highlight the special features of the strategy drawn
out by Tamil Nadu government for leprosy eradication by the year 2000 AD

Short Questions 10 marks

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5) Briefly write about the success of Guinea worms Eradication program.

(2006)
6) Single lesion pauci-bacillary Leprosy. (2003)
7) Leprosy vaccine (2008)
8) Describe briefly the care of the disabled and CBR taking leprosy as an
example. (2002)
9) Fixed duration treatment in Leprosy
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vi. Emerging and reemerging diseases.

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Review the global situation of AIDS and identify the measures of protection
of health workers against AIDS
2) Describe the strategy under national AIDS control program. (2008)
3) Describe the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and discuss the measures taken by
the government of India to contain its spread.
4) Discuss the recent trends in HIV infections and work out a strategy for the
control of AIDS.
5) Describe the changing scene in the global distribution of AIDS. How is this
maintained in developed countries with effective and successful health
education program? Describe briefly the epidemic investigations you would
carry out and the methods you would recommend to control an epidemic of
AIDS in a city.

Short Questions 10 marks

6) Social factors in STDs
7) Syndromic approach for RTI/STD control
8) Factors influencing life expectancy in the HIV infected. (2003)
9) ELISA
10) Post exposure prophylaxis in HIV infection. (2003)
11) Universal precautions (2008)
12) Community care centers role in HIV/AIDS control (2008)
13) Perinatal transmission of HIV infections (2001)* / Mother to child
transmission.
14) Social rehabilitation in AIDS
15) Maternal HIV infection and breast feeding
16) Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centre
17) Sensitivity and specificity issues in HIV screening (2007)
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vii.Hospital acquired infection.

Short Questions 10 marks

1) Nosocomial infections**
2) Hospital infection and its control (2002)
3) Hospital Infection Control Committee (2003)
4) Hospital infection by Hepatitis B and its control
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6. Epidemiology of chronic non communicable diseases and condition.

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Prevention of stroke in the young. (2003)
2) What are the factors responsible for the increase in the mortality and morbidity
due to accidents? Describe the strategies that can be adopted to reduce the
problem. (2005)
3) What are the important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases? Give the
community based strategy to prevent cardiovascular diseases. (2000)
4) Discuss the epidemiology of CHD and its prevention and control
5) Discuss the epidemiology, control and prevention of cancer in India
6) Describe the clinical features, diagnosis, management and sequelae of
Rheumatic Fever. Prepare a multi-centric research design for the control of RHD
in your state.
7) Discuss the epidemiology of road traffic accidents in India (2007)

Short Questions 10 marks

8) It can be predicted that diabetes with its chronic vascular complications will
impose an increasing burden on health resources of the world Discuss the
statement.
9) Describe briefly the activities of cancer registries in India. (2006)
10) Prevention of Rheumatic Heart Disease. (2001)
11) Risk factor for NCD morbidity (2005)
12) Tracking in Hypertension
13) Epidemiology and prevention of CHD. (2002)
14) Coronary heart disease, a modern epidemic-Discuss. (2000)
15) Prevention of coronary risk factors (2007)
16) Cancer screening. (2000)
17) Cancer registry * (2003)
18) IEC in the National Cancer Control Program. (2007)
19) Life style factors in oral cancers (2007)
20) Framingham heart study (2008)
21) Primary care in cardiovascular diseases
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22) Dietary fat and cardiac diseases

23) Palliative treatment in cancer for pain relief
24) Obesity

7. Health programs in India

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Describe the epidemiology and control measures of preventable blindness in
India. Comment on our National Program for control of blindness**.
2) Discuss the common causes of blindness in India. Describe the measures for
prevention of and control of blindness under the NPCB. (1992)
3) Comment on the activities of IPP-5, TINP and DANIDA in Tamilnadu. What are
the areas of duplication of services provided by them with the services provided
by ICDS and HSCs.
4) What are the objectives of Reproductive and Child Health program? Enumerate
the strategies for its implementation in India. How would you evaluate this
program in a given district? (2006)
5) Discuss the health man power situation both qualitative and quantitatively,
keeping in view of our National Health policy. (2000)
6) Discuss the national health policy with respect to priority areas.
7) Discuss the strengths and weakness of integrated child development services
(ICDS) scheme. Suggest briefly the innovative measures to improve its
functioning. (2002)
8) What are the main features of the ICDS scheme? Critically review the
implementation and impact of ICDS scheme in India** (1998)
9) Describe the objectives, organization and strategy under the Revised National
Tuberculosis Program.
10) Enumerate the National Health Programs in India and describe the strategies
adopted in Malaria control action program?
11) Critically review the National AIDS control programme. (2001)
12) Discuss the socio-psychological factors influencing the acceptance of innovation
in Health practices. Illustrate your answer with examples in relation to Family
Welfare program. (1992)
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13) Importance of income generation programs in public health (2000)

14) Critically evaluate the national pulse polio program in India.
15) What are the objectives, strategies and implementation of CSSM program?
16) How will you assess the family welfare program? Discuss the impact of National
Family Welfare Program. (1991)
17) Discuss the concept, origin, development and future strategies of universal
immunization program.
18) What are the priority areas stressed in our National health policy? Write your
suggestions for change in priority during the (8 th) next five year plan period
health program in controlling communicable diseases in India.
19) Discuss the need, importance and performance of national health programs in
controlling communicable diseases in India. Suggest alternative strategies, if
any, to achieve the goals in the ongoing programs. (2007)

Short Questions 10 marks

20) Thrust areas of the NPCB
21) What are the objectives of ICDS scheme? What are the services provided under
this scheme to achieve the objectives? (2002)
22) Community Health Volunteers scheme.
23) National Diabetes Control program (2003).
24) Preventable blindness * (2002)
25) Universal Immunization Program coverage evaluation survey
26) Expanded Program of Immunization(1997)
27) A critical evaluation of the Expanded Program of Immunization
28) Community needs assessment in RCH programs (2008)
29) Evaluation of family planning program (2008)
30) Guinea worm eradication program the current status. (2000)
31) Ophthalmic Assistant
32) Organizational and beneficiaries of Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Programme
(TINIP)
33) ICDS
34) Health program evaluation
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35) Outreach clinics

8. Demography and family planning

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Describe the various methods of contraceptives and their mode of action. Also
discuss why each method by itself cannot be an ideal contraceptive. (2003)
2) What is the sex ratio in India? Discuss the factors affecting it and suggest
suitable remedial measures (2000)
3) What are the recent advances in contraceptive technology? Suggest measures
to improve the acceptance of contraceptive methods by the eligible couples in
India.(2001)
4) Define family planning. Explain the key words in the definition. Describe the
demographic, socio-economic and health grounds for family planning
5) Describe the medico social conflict in family planning. Defend the medical
alternatives to economic development in the motivation for family planning
adoption. (2007)

Short Questions 10 marks

6) Describe the injectable contraceptives. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of these contraceptives? (2006)
7) Define Demographic transition. What are the social factors that influence
demographic transition? (2006)
8) Sex ratio
9) Net reproduction rate (2001)
10) Conventional contraceptives
11) Immunologic techniques in family planning
12) Write briefly about newer copper intrauterine devices for family planning. (2002)
13) Incentives and disincentives in family planning. (2000)
14) Demographic cycle (2004)
15) Demographic gap**
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16) Post coital contraception (2004, 2008) ***

17) Future of hormonal contraceptives (2003)
18) What are the objectives of family planning? Describe the ill effects of
uncontrolled population on health economy. (2005)
19) Oral contraceptives (1998)
20) Female Condom
21) Measurement of contraceptive failure
22) Pearl Index
23) Emergency contraception (2000)**
24) Target free approach to family planning**
25) Explain the possible eugenic and dysgenic effects of family planning.
26) Fertility indicators
27) Cafeteria approach in family planning
28) Evolution of concept of IUCDS (2007)

9. Preventive medicine in obstetrics, pediatrics and geriatrics.

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Describe the factors and theories associated with the phenomenon of Ageing
Discuss the need for and the role of community geriatric practice in India.
2) Describe the strategies that could be adopted for monitoring the post natal
growth and development of under-five children in a PHC area. (2006)
3) Comment on the IMR prevalent in India and other countries. State how the rate
can be reduced in India. (2005)
4) What are the high risk factors in pregnancy? How will you use High Risk
approach in improving the antenatal services in your state? (2000)
5) What is maternal mortality? Describe the factors responsible for high maternal
mortality in India. Describe the various measures implemented to reduce the
same with your critical review ***
6) Increase in the expectation of life has brought geriatric problems in India.
Discuss.
7) Compare and contrast between home care and institutional care of the aged.
Add a note on the status of geriatric services in India.
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8) Mention the geriatric problems in rural India. Giev an outline for organizing
preventive services for the geriatric population
9) What are MCH indicators? Explain the process of estimating them and discuss
how they reflect the status of the community?
10) What are the high risk factors in pregnancy? How will you use high risk
approach in improving the antenatal services in your state
11) What are the indicators which can be used for evaluating maternal and child
health (MCH) programme? Define each of the indicators. (2005)
12) As an officer in-charge of MCH services, you receive a report that infant
mortality rate in your district is consistently high for the last five years. Prepare a
plan to investigate and reduce the IMR by 50% in 5 years (1998)
13) Discuss the essential elements of obstetric care at first referral level in a
developing country
14) Give critical comments on the Nutrition planning and Nutrition monitoring under
the MCH program in India from the independence to this date (1992)
15) Discuss the factors influencing natality
16) Discuss the issue of violence against women. Describe how health care
providers can play an important role in reducing the same (2008)
17) Discuss the issues concerning the status of women in India and suggest
measures to improve their health status. (2003)
18) Discuss the developments at the national and international level since 1980s
about womens development including family planning
19) Mention the health problems of the aged persons. Give the outlines of a plan to
provide services to the aged in a block covering a population of 100,000. (2002)
20) What is child survival index? Discuss the child survival strategies applicable to
developing countries in India. (2001)
21) Discuss the child survival programs in, presently implemented in India. Highlight
the obstacles and suggest suitable solutions to surmount the same
22) Describe the Integrated management of Childhood diseases? Explain the
advantages of clinico-social approach in community pediatrics. (2002)
23) Discuss the health problems of adolescence
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24) Discuss the health problems of adolescent girls. Discuss how effective
management of these problems will lead to prospective [??Prosperous] health
population of a country. (2007)
25) Estimate the manpower requirement for the implementation of MCH activities in
a rural district of 15 lakh population. How do you plan to organize the services?
26) Discuss the various cultural practices associated with pregnancy, child birth and
child rearing in your area. Develop a suitable health education program keeping
in view the aspects mentioned above.
27) Healthy ageing makes a difference
28) Adolescent health problems importance and solutions
29) Discuss the epidemiology of anemia in children and suggest measures of
control (2007)

Short Questions 10 marks

30) Enumerate the health problems of adolescent girls. What programs could be
organized to reduce or treat these problems? (2006)
31) Anemia of Pregnancy
32) High risk pregnant women
33) What is the trend and pattern of Infant mortality in different States in India?
Discuss the factors that are responsible for the differentials. (2006)
34) Perinatal mortality rate *** and its significance (2000)
35) Women Years
36) Ageing of population. (2003)
37) Social problems of the aged
38) Social security measures for old age (2007) [Fro e.g. Sandhya Suraksha
Scheme]
39) Health problems of the geriatric population
40) Health problems and the associated social factors of old age in India.
41) What are the common organic sensory, psychiatric and social problems in the
aged? How can their health and welfare be promoted? (2005)
42) Geriatric counseling
43) Drug abuse among adolescents
44) Risk approach in MCH (Maternal and Child Health) (2003)
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45) Risk approach in MCH (Maternal and Child Health) (2003) a managerial tool
(2003)
46) Risk approach in Child care (2000)
47) Control of Reproductive tract infections in the community (2001)
48) Screening for STDs among pregnant women
49) Strategies for reduction of MMR in India (2001)
50) Measures to reduce neonatal mortality
51) Infant feeding practices
52) Advantages of breast feeding.
53) Methods of promotion of promoting breast feeding
54) Growth chart.(2003)
55) Road to health chart
56) Quality of antenatal care(1997)
57) Counseling in routine infant immunization (2005)
58) Baby friendly hospital initiative****
59) Deviant behavior
60) Problems of the aged (1998)
61) Oral Contraceptives
62) Breast feeding and weaning of infants
63) Womens Reproductive Rights
64) Measures for the promotion of Child Welfare in India ((2008)
65) Juvenile delinquency (2008) (2007) ***
66) Child placement (2000)
67) Child guidance clinics (1991)
68) Describe briefly the essential new-born care. (2002)
69) Role of trained birth attendants in reducing neonatal deaths. (2000)
70) Social obstetrics (2000)
71) Training of Traditional birth attendants
72) Adolescent health (2004)
73) Health problems of the youth (2000)
74) Health problems of adolescence (2001)
75) Give a brief account of health problems of adolescents in India. (2002)
76) Target free approach under RCH (Reproductive and Child Health) program.
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77) Target free approach in family welfare program

78) Mother craft clinics (2003)
79) Medical termination of pregnancy advantages and disadvantages. (2005)
80) MTP act (2001)
81) Medico-social requirements of legalized abortions in India
82) Social marketing in Family welfare. (2002)
83) Post partum program
84) Female infanticide: Reasons and remedies (2007)
 Page 25 of 51

10. Nutrition and health

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Describe the epidemiology of micronutrient malnutrition. Explain the issues in
the advocacy for iodized salt consumption.(2003)
2) Critically discuss the concept of universal iodization of salt in India.(2000)
3) What are micronutrients? Describe their role in nutrition and discuss the
management of diseases due to their deficiency. (2003)
4) Discuss the magnitude of the problem and the factors causing iron deficiency
anaemia in India. What strategies could be adopted to reduce Iron Deficiency
anaemia in the community? (2005)
5) Describe the aetio-pathogenesis and present status of Vitamin A deficiency as a
community health problem in India. Discuss the various aspects in the control
and prevention of Vitamin A deficiency on a community basis (1997)
6) Describe the role of universal salt iodination in the National Goitre Control
Program. Outline the other important aspect of the program
7) Critically review the Iodine Deficiency Disorders control program in India.
Suggest measures for improvement of the same. (2000)
8) Discuss in detail the nutritional requirements including the trace elements for
the special groups
9) Discuss the role of trace elements in health and disease.
10) Describe the nutritional health education and nutrition rehabilitation required for
preschool age children in India(1997)
11) Describe the predisposing factors for protein energy malnutrition and discuss its
preventive and control measures in the community.
12) What is the importance of monitoring the growth of children? What are the
anthropometric measurements used for assessing the nutritional status of the
children. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each one of them
(2005)
13) Describe the role of dietary fat in health and disease (2001)
14) Describe the different ecological factors which influence the occurrence of
malnutrition in India. Suggest the measures to prevent malnutrition in India.
(2002)
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15) Discuss the role of socio cultural factors which affect the nutritional status of the
community. Recommend specific measures to improve the nutritional status of
the community. (1991)
16) What are the various causes of under-nutrition in India? Apply the different
levels of prevention and describe the control of under-nutrition in India. (1991)
17) Discuss the indicators of malnutrition. What preventive and social measures you
will take at the community level.
18) Discuss the nutritive value of Human milk and its role as a complete food for
children.
19) What is diet survey? Give different methods and discuss the merits and
demerits of these methods.
Short Questions 10 marks
20) Body mass index as an indicator of malnutrition. Discuss. (2000)
21) Plan a Nutritional Surveillance Program for under-five population. (2000)
22) Nutritional Rehabilitation.
23) Nutrition rehabilitation of children under Primary Health Care.
24) Gomezs classification of malnutrition.
25) Salt fortification of trace elements.
26) P.F.A (Prevention of Food Adulteration) Act (2003)**.
27) Powers of food inspector under the prevention of Food Adulteration Act (2007)
28) Rationale of iodization of salt (2003).
29) Nutritional blindness in detail
30) Nutritional assessment of a family
31) Food toxins
32) Food Fortification and Enrichment **
33) Indicators of Malnutrition(1997)
34) International code for manufacturing and sale of Breast Milk substitutes
35) Nutritional emergencies (2008)
36) Epidemic Dropsy (2002)
37) Balanced diet for pregnant women***
38) Iodine deficiency disorders (2001)
39) Prevention of IDD (2002)
40) Diet therapy
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41) 24-hour recall method in diet surveys (2007)

11. Social sciences and health
Main Questions 20 marks
1) Discuss the role of Indian life style factors in the major diseases challenging
public health.(2003)
2) What do you understand by the term social diseases? Explain with examples
the role of social factors in causation, treatment and prevention of any two
diseases of public health importance.
3) Discuss with examples how social changes have influenced disease occurrence
in the last century. (2005)
4) Discuss how social gradients affect health and disease. Illustrate your answer
with suitable examples.
5) Define family. Types of family and describe the role of a family in health and
disease. (2002)
6) Discuss the role of family in a persons health. How can social stress contribute
to deviant behavior in a person? (1991)
7) Discuss the relationship of culture with health and disease.
8) What is social stratification? Explain with examples the various characteristics
used for social stratification. Describe the use of social stratification in health
and disease.

Short Questions 10 marks

9) Define society. What are the various social problems which are affecting the
health of the community? (2002)
10) Medico-social works
11) Role of a medico-social worker in a hospital (2007)**
12) Cultural factors in Health and Disease(1997)
13) Social Anatomy
14) Consanguineous marriages (2002)
15) Social Anthropology (2004)
16) Acculturation
17) Social class classification
18) Impact of working women on family health.
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19) Social rehabilitation with suitable examples

20) Social Diagnosis (2007)
12. Environment and health

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Discuss how Bionomics of insects in useful in controlling communicable
diseases in India.
2) Describe the general principles of Arthropod Control. (1987)
3) Classify water borne diseases. Explain the detail how large scale purification of
water is made for a town of one lakh population.
4) Discuss the environmental strategies for vector control. (2005)
5) Describe vector borne mode of disease transmission. Discuss integrated vector
control method as an efficient strategy for control of vector borne diseases.
6) Enumerate the diseases spread by Rodents. Discuss anti-rodent measures.
(2000)
7) Discuss the recent advances in vector control
8) Discuss the various effects of noise exposure on health and the principles of
noise control
9) Describe the role of environmental degradation on health. Suggest remedial
measures. (2008)
10) Discuss the bacteriology quality of drinking water. Explain the medical, social
and cultural issues in the demand and supply of bacteria free water. (2005)
11) Specifically enumerate the difficulties in the implementation of environmental
public health legislations (2005)
12) Enumerate the diseases which are transmitted by insects. What measures are
taken to control these insects in order to minimize the transmission of diseases
in the population? (2002)
13) Discuss the role of vectors in disease transmission and what are the principles
of vector control?
14) Discuss the recent advances in vector control.
15) Discuss the role of environmental sanitation on rural health. Suggest suitable
measures.
 Page 29 of 51

Short Questions 10 marks

16) Health hazards of pesticides. (2000)
17) Ecology.
18) Ventilation improved pit latrine(1997)
19) Latrine use in rural areas (1991)
20) Protection of water sources by the community(1997)
21) Fluorosis and its prevention (2005)
22) Ozone hole and its possible consequences
23) Metazoonosis
24) Minamata disease
25) Temperature inversion and its effects
26) Estimation of nitrites in a given sample of water (1993)
27) Bacteriological standards of drinking water (2001)
28) What is protected water supply? How will you plan to supply protected water to
a town with a population of 1 lakh. (2002)
29) Water quality index
30) Chemical examination of water.
31) Indicators of water pollution and management measures with special reference
to rural areas.
32) Steps for the investigation of an epidemic of water borne diseases.
33) Standards of drinking water
34) Water harvesting (2007)
35) Green house effect (1993)
36) Indicators of air pollution
37) Health hazards of air pollution (2007)
38) The Pan American Sanitary Bureau (1997)
39) Indices of Thermal Comfort/ Thermal comfort**
40) Insecticide resistance (2008) **
41) Ionizing Radiation
42) Enumerate the diseases spread by rodents. Discuss the anti-rodent measures.
(2000)
43) Noise induced hearing loss (2004)
44) Noise pollution
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45) Problem Village (2000)

46) Cyclo-propogative mode of transmission in vector borne diseases
47) Mention the various methods of liquid waste disposal. Describe suitable
methods of liquid waste disposal to rural community.
48) Activated sludge process
49) Vector control through environmental management
50) Integrated vector control (1991)**
51) Soil transmitted helminthes (1991)
52) Socio-cultural factors affecting mosquito borne diseases
53) Oxidation pond (1983)

13. Hospital waste management

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Hospital waste management by private and public hospitals. (2000)
2) Describe the methods of hospital waste management. Explain the issues in
regulatory and educative mechanisms for the same (2007)

Short Questions 10 marks

3) Describe the legal stipulation for hospital waste management (2002)
4) Hospital waste management (2004) (2007)
5) Disposal of hospital waste (2000)
6) Health care waste management (2007)

14. Disaster management

Main Questions 20 marks

1) How would you organize medical relief operations in a heavy flood affected
urban area (2008)
2) What is disaster management? Describe how will you prepare your health team
for managing an impending cyclone and its ensuing problems?
3) What health problems are encountered in a refugee camp? Outline the
management.
 Page 31 of 51

Short Questions 10 marks

4) Briefly describe the evaluation, rescue and provision of food to victims of
cyclone and flood (2002)
5) Define triaging for mass casualties. How does it improve health services in the
event of a mass casualty? (2006)
6) Disaster preparedness (2000)
7) Disaster preparedness and management for anthrax outbreaks (2007)
8) Natural disasters (2003)
9) What are natural calamities? What steps are required to control the spread of
diseases during natural calamities?
10) Disaster management cell roles and responsibilities
11) Disaster organization (1986)
12) Manmade disasters (2007)

15. Occupational health

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Discuss with examples the effect of rapid industrialization on the environment in
India. What measures could be taken by industries to prevent pollution of water
sources? (2005)
2) What are the health problems associated with industrialization and
urbanization? Discuss the principles of their control. (1991)
3) Describe the short term and long term health hazards of exposure to cotton
dust. Describe the strategies that could be adopted in a cotton textile industry to
reduce the dust hazard. (2005)
4) What are the general measures that you would institute as a physician in a glass
factory to ensure the health of the workers? (2000)
5) Occupational diseases, excellent for epidemiological studies. Discuss with
examples. (2000)
6) Describe the ESI scheme with emphasis on historical background,
administrative set up, benefits offered and shortcomings (2000)
7) Describe the legislative measures in occupational health
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8) Describe briefly how occupational cancers can be prevented in Industries.

9) Discuss the medical and engineering measures to control and prevent
occupational health problems
10) Mention the 5 levels of prevention. Explain how these are applied to
occupational health services (1991)
11) Discuss the causes, diagnosis and prevention of Occupational Dermatitis.
Short Questions 10 marks
12) Ergonomics (2003)**
13) Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) (2003)
14) Benefits to employer under ESI scheme. (2003)
15) Occupational cancer **(2003) (2007)
16) ESIS(1997)**
17) Factory act, 1948 *** (2008)
18) Industrial accidents
19) Occupational hazards of agricultural workers(1998)
20) Sickness absenteeism
21) Industrialization and health
22) Industrial Psychosis
23) Industrial accidents
24) Radiation hazards
25) Pneumoconiosis (2008) (2005) ** causes and prevention
26) What is Pneumoconiosis? What measures do you suggest for reducing this
problem in our country? (2002)
27) Consumer protection act (2008)
28) Metal fume fever and its prevention
29) What are the legislations on the rights of a working child in India? (2002)
30) Prevention of Sickness absenteeism (2002)
31) Lead poisoning its prevention (2005)
32) Women in Industry (1983)
33) Social security measures for industrial workers
34) Social Security (2007)
35) Occupational health hazards in health care workers (2007)
36) Health hazards in coal mines (2007)
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 Page 34 of 51

16. Genetics and health

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Considering the Hardy-Weinberg law in population genetics, what are the
positive and negative impact of disease control programs (2005)

Short Questions 10 marks

2) Genetic counseling ***. Give examples (2006) **
3) Stress diseases in affluent society.
4) Retrospective genetic counseling (2003)**.
5) Genetic engineering. (2000)**
6) Population genetics ** *(2005)
7) Chromosomal disorders (2000)
8) Principles of counseling (2004)
9) Sex linked diseases
10) Gene therapy (2007)
11) Gene therapy and future of medical practice. (2007)

17. Mental health

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Depression is going to be the foremost public health problem by 2020 AD.-
Critically analyze the statement and discuss the measures to cope with the
evolving problem of depression as a major psychiatric disorder.
2) Outline a program for the care of mentally ill in an area covered by a health
center (1991)
3) Discuss the essential components of a Comprehensive Mental Health Program
in a community (1997)
4) Discuss the common mental health problems in the geriatric age group and
suggest ways to reduce them (2002)
5) Discuss the problem of mental health care in India. Describe the components of
a sound mental health program. (2007)
 Page 35 of 51

Short Questions 10 marks

6) Epidemiology of alcoholism and substance abuse
7) Drug addiction and drug dependence.
8) Drug dependence and rehabilitation (2002)
9) Describe briefly the network of Mental Health services in India.(2006)
10) What are the objectives of national mental health program? How is it
implemented in India? (2005)
11) Drug abuse. (2000)
12) Control of drug abuse**(1997)
13) Parameters of mental health
14) Community psychiatry (2004)
15) Mental retardation

18. Health information and basic medical statistics

Main Questions 20 marks

1) What are tests of significance? Discuss their use in medical research by giving
suitable examples
2) Describe the sources of Health information. Trace the evolution of surveys as a
source of state health information. (2002)
3) What is Health Information System? Describe the uses and methods of setting
up a Health Information system in your state?(1993)
4) Describe the health intelligence system in India and mention its merits and
demerits.(1997)
5) Describe sampling and application of the various sampling techniques in health
sciences.(2004)
6) Discuss the concept of normal curve in biostatistics. Describe the tests of
significance and its application.

Short Questions 10 marks

7) Discuss the uses of census in public health practice.
8) Salient features in the Births and Deaths Registration Act of 1969
 Page 36 of 51

9) Registration of births and deaths

10) Sampling methods
11) Cluster sampling techniques** (2007)
12) Measures of dispersion
13) Minimum sample size (2005)
14) Health forecasting
15) Multiple logistic regression in risk analysis.(2003)
16) Discuss the uses of census in Public Health practice
17) Non parametric tests of significance (2003).
18) ANOVA (1993)
19) Management of Health Information System
20) Population surveys as a source of health information (2008)
21) Regression analysis (2001)
22) List the public health advantages of Bio-informatics (2005)
23) Co-efficient of variation (2000)
24) Sources of health statistics
25) Meta analysis
26) Life table concept
27) Utility of a 2 x 2 table
28) Likelihood ratio
29) Analysis of bi-variate data
30) Confidence limits
31) Null Hypothesis and its application (2007)
32) Cyber Medicine (2007) [Probably includes medical transcription and
telemedicine]

19. Communication and health education

Main Questions 20 marks

1) What are the barriers to effective communication? How could these be over
come in a family welfare campaign?
2) How would you organize a lecture on epidemiology and control of kala-azar for
the undergraduate Medical Students? Give details.
 Page 37 of 51

3) Describe the method of conducting a health education campaign in your district

for effective implementation of pulse polio immunization (2004)
4) What do you mean by Information, Education and Communication activities?
Describe a suitable model of health education activities in RCH
5) What are the different types of leadership in community organization? Discuss
the transition of disease surveillance mechanisms from municipal health
authority to urban slum leaders (2005)
6) Discuss the principles of adult learning and how do they differ from child
learning.
7) Discuss the relevance of ROME program. Suggest measures for improvement.

Short Questions 10 marks

8) Formal and informal leader in IEC.(2003)
9) Non-formal education
10) Health education
11) Leadership (2000)
12) Radio as health education medium. (2000)
13) Effective communication
14) Planes of communication in IEC for a HIV infected person.
15) Evaluation of Health Education Program (1998)
16) Continuing Medical Education program. (2000)
17) Population education (2008)
18) Barriers for a doctor-Patient communication (2002)
19) Barriers to effective communication (1991)
20) Counseling as an educational tool (2001)
21) Principles of counseling in health (2007)
22) Principles of Learning** (1993)
23) Motivation (2000)
24) Motivational techniques
25) Participatory methods of learning
26) Write briefly about the barriers of communication and its importance in health
education. (2002)
27) Objectives and inputs for reorientation of medical education scheme
 Page 38 of 51

28) Stimulus variation in classroom teaching

29) Media for small group discussion
30) Group discussion and group dynamics
31) Give your suggestions to overcome lacunae in the undergraduate medical
course and the program for interns in respect of MCH care component.
32) Role of mass communication in health education
33) Evaluation of internship program
34) Role of AV aids in improving MCH programs
35) Socratic method of health education
36) Uses of principle of learning in health
37) Role of inter-personal communication in health (2007)

20. Health planning and management

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Review the investments and achievement in the health sector of the Five year
plans in India (1993)
2) What is meant by health pyramid concept? Discuss the importance of health-
manpower development in relation to man power planning, production and
utilization (1993)
3) What is Health Planning and describe the planning cycle? How will you evaluate
the affectivity and efficiency of a Health Program? (1993)
4) Describe in detail the concept of Management by Objectives (MBO) and its
application in health sector (1993)
5) What do you understand by the term Opportunity cost Discuss the ways in
which an understanding of this concept can aid health service decision (1993)
6) Discuss the terms Planning and Management in relation to health care delivery
system
7) What is Operations Research? Describe a typical network and describe the
differences between a cost effective study and a cost benefit study
8) Differentiate between human resource and health manpower. Discuss the
present health manpower issues in India. (2008)
 Page 39 of 51

9) Discuss how principles of health management are applicable and useful to

medical officer of a primary health centre (2008)
10) Discuss the decentralized health planning at the district level under the national
health policy 2002 (2004)
11) What is planning? What are the steps in planning cycle? How is planning useful
in improving the health of the country? (2005)
12) In the background of Health care patterns of different socio-economic and
political settings of various countries in the world, comment critically on the
existing health care in Rural India. Outline your recommendations for realistic
planning of rural health services. (1992)
13) Describe the application of the various methods of management in health
services. (1992)
14) Discuss how health planning is done in India. Explain the various committees
which helped in health planning in India. (2002)
15) National health planning in India is it on the right track? Comment

Short Questions 10 marks

16) Objectives of health planning
17) Micro planning
18) What are management methods? How are they useful in health management?
(2005)
19) Scalar Principle ** and span of control (2004)
20) Quantitative methods of Health Management (1993)
21) Gantt Chart ***
22) Transactional Analysis (1993)**
23) System analysis in health planning (2000) ***
24) Health economics and its importance (2000) *** (1993)
25) Health planning
26) PERT**** and CPM
27) Application of PERT for pulse polio program
28) CPM
29) Management by objectives (MBO)**
30) Management Principles (2000)
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31) Network analysis (2000)

32) Network in health planning (2007)
33) Operational Research (2004)
34) Health Systems research
35) Health Service Research. (2000)
36) Cost Benefit analysis in Health Care** (2004)
37) Cost benefit and cost effective analysis (2001)
38) Cost accounting and analysis
39) Marginal cost
40) Vital, Essential and Desirable (VED) analysis in the material management
(2000)
41) Personnel management
42) ABC/VED analysis
43) List the criteria for establishing priorities in terms of administrative, technical,
operational and evaluation concerns. (2005)
44) Review the Health Manpower Planning in India (1992)
45) Behavioral methods in Management (1992)
46) Characteristics of an organization
47) System concept
48) Evaluation as a step in health planning cycle
49) Financial audit in hospital management
50) Medical auditing
51) Social Marketing
52) Computers in health management
53) Use of epidemiological methods for planning and evaluation
54) Health sector reforms
55) Managerial techniques in Community Medicine

21. Health care of the community

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Describe the influence of various health committees in the development of
present health care systems in our country (2003).
 Page 41 of 51

2) Discuss the role of Community Health Centers as a link between Primary Health
Centers and Tertiary hospitals. (2006)
3) Discuss the role of community health centers as a link between primary health
centers and Tertiary hospitals. (2006)
4) What are the principles of Primary Health Care? Discuss the application of those
principles of Primary Health Care with suitable examples.
5) Describe the present health care delivery systems in India. Suggest measures
to improve the same(1993)
6) Describe in detail the concept and development of referral complex for the
effective implementation of Primary health care
7) Name and discuss the role of various institutions and functionaries in the
provision of Primary Health care in India
8) Discuss the role of paramedical workers in providing primary health care (2002)
9) Role of NGOs in dealing with national health problems. (2000)
10) Discuss the ways and means of securing community participation at a primary
health centre level. (2004)
11) Discuss the role of panchayathi raj institutions in the delivery of primary health
care.
12) Primary health care is the key for the achievement of health for all by 2000 A.D.
Comment on the above statement. Discuss the health care delivery system in
India. (2003)
13) What are the determinants of health care? How does comprehensive health
care differ from primary health care? How is primary health care provided to
rural communities? (2001)
14) Discuss the various concepts related to health care delivery system in India.
(2000)
15) Critically appraise the health care delivery system at various levels in India.
(2002)
16) What is primary health care? Discuss the relevance in the attainment of Health
for all by 2000 AD
17) Critically discuss the role of management information system in the delivery of
primary health care.
 Page 42 of 51

18) Describe the Primary Health care approach and discuss the coordination
between health and health related sectors in the context of primary health care
approach
19) Explain the epidemiological indicators for rural health. Discuss the prevention
and control of diarrheal disease in rural areas. (2007)
20) Describe the logistic issues of emergency obstetric surgery in rural health care.
Explain the role of first referral units in emergency obstetrics. (2007)
 Page 43 of 51

Short Questions 10 marks

1) DGHS
2) Who are the staff members of a Primary health centre? Describe the job
functions of each of them. (2005)
3) 3-tier system of health care
4) Panchayati Raj
5) Essential drugs for primary health care. (2001) (1992)
6) Essential drugs for the sub centre
7) Junior female health assistant (1993)
8) Appropriate Health Technology ** Give examples (2002) **
9) Role of indigenous system of Health care (1993)
10) Community participation(1993)
11) Helper in Anganwadi(1993)
12) Health care package
13) Srivastava Committee **
14) Monthly meeting of Primary Health Centre (1993)
15) National Population Policy of 1986
16) Role of NGOs in health care (2002)
17) Voluntary health organizations and health care delivery (2008)
18) Roles of voluntary health organizations in provision of health care (2001)***
19) What are VHA in India? How do they contribute to improve the health of the
community?
20) Health sub centre (2004)
21) Village health guide (2004)**
22) Local health authority (2004)
23) Comprehensive health care (2004)
24) Kartar Singh committee (2004)
25) Mudaliar Committee
26) Mukherjee committee report
27) Rotary International
28) Mention any 5 NGOs which are playing an important role in health sector, How
are they different from the government (2005)
29) Define the self help groups in the community (2005)
 Page 44 of 51

30) Tabulate comparatively the advantages and disadvantages of voluntary health

organizations (2005)
31) List the factors to be considered when designing appropriate technology in the
field of health care. (2005)
32) List the institutions of the Panchayathi Raj at the village, block and district levels.
(2005)
33) What are the elements of Primary Health Care? How primary health care is
implemented in India. (2002)
34) Referral complex as applied in primary health care.
35) Comment on the training of Multipurpose health worker: Female and Male
36) Community health nursing
37) Rural health training centre (2007)

22. International Health

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Trace the events which ultimately led to certain diseases being subjected to
International Health Regulations. How do International Health Regulations
operate when planes and ships from Yellow Fever areas are to land in Indian
ports?
2) Disease is international. Describe in detail the measures to control international
spread of diseases.

Short Questions 10 marks

3) Mention the diseases covered under international health regulations and briefly
describe the sanitary measures for international airport and sea ports. (2006)
4) Briefly describe the activities of international agencies about dissemination of
public health information. (2006)
5) WHO (World Health Organization) (2003) Objective and functions(2002)
6) Role of WHO in Communicable Disease Control(1993)
7) World Health Slogan 1994. (2000)
8) International Health Regulations (1993)
9) WHO theme-2000. (2000)
 Page 45 of 51

10) World Health Day theme for the year 2000 (2003)
11) UNICEF (2004)
12) Role of UNICEF in Health Promotion (2000)
13) Enumerate the international non UN health agencies. What are the functions of
the international Red Cross?
14) International sanitary regulations (1992)
15) C.A.R.E
16) World bank
17) Indian Red Cross society
18) Business management and disease control in international health partnerships
(2007)
23. Tribal Health

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Give a detailed plan for the management of Health of Tribal population in a
district in your state
2) Comment on Nomadic Health care. What steps will you take to organize health
care for such a group in your state?
3) Enumerate the groups of children under especially difficult circumstances.
Discuss the measures to improve the health status of tribal population. (2003)

Short Questions 10 marks

4) Health problem of tribal community. (2003)
5) Special health schemes for remote areas. (2008)
6) Nutritional surveys in Tribal areas. (2002)
7) Tribal malaria (2007)

24. School health services

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Describe the organization of school health services in a Primary Health Centre.
Give a detailed plan of action(1997)
 Page 46 of 51

2) What are the objectives of School Health Service? How would you organize a
Family Life Education Program in the school in a district? (1997)
3) Discuss the success and failure of school health services in India (2000)
4) Write about the objectives, organization and implementation and evaluation of
school health Program in India. (2000)

Short Questions 10 marks

5) Enumerate the common health problems that school children suffer from.
Discuss the role of the teacher in early detection of common diseases. (2006)
6) Aspects of School Health Services
7) School sanitation (2007)
8) Mid-day school meal
9) School Meal Program
10) School health
11) Health parade in schools(1997)
12) Child to child program** (2000)
13) Describe the control and prevention of worm infestations among the school
children. (2002)
14) What are the objectives of school health services? What aspects of school
health service you emphasize to achieve the said objectives? (2005)
15) Dental Health (1992)
16) IDD in school children. (2002)

25. Others

Main Questions 20 marks

1) The biological and chemical weapons of warfare pose a challenge to public
health administration system. Describe the measures to be taken by a health
administrator in case of such a situation. (2004)
2) Rehabilitation of the handicapped needs a team concept and team approach. In
this context, how would you organize a rehabilitation service for mentally
retarded children in our country?
 Page 47 of 51

3) Discuss the concept of district level / micro planning. How could this concept be
implemented? What are the constraints that have to be kept in mind?
4) What is a focus group discussion? When and why would you conduct them?
Explain the methodology in detail of conducting such an exercise. Explain how
the data will be analyzed and incorporated into an epidemiological survey report.
5) Define rehabilitation and describe various types of rehabilitation. Discuss how
community based rehabilitation is more advantageous than institution based
rehabilitation. (2007)

Short Questions 10 marks

6) Model public health act
7) Picorna virus.
8) Sociogram
9) Discuss the various types of rehabilitation ** (2000)
10) Epidemic Diseases Act 1897
11) Country health programming(1997)
12) Childhood disability in India
13) Rehabilitation of the handicapped children (2001)
14) Vocational rehabilitation
15) Types of rehabilitation (1998)
16) Handicapped child
17) Evidence based health care (2008)
18) Organ transplantation act (2000)
19) Interferons (2004)
20) Components of behavioral sciences
21) Human behavior and health
22) Role of behavioral sciences in health and disease.
23) Undergraduate field training program and recommendations to improve it.
(1992)
24) Health Insurance (2002)**
25) Rational drug policy
26) Case holding
27) Multidrug therapy
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28) Central council for health

29) Critically review the statement Community Medicine should be developed at
the expense of Hospital Medicine
30) Double blind clinical trial for treating roundworm infestations
31) Post independence public health legislations
32) Community based rehabilitation
33) Community based distribution
34) VISION 2020
35) Rapid community surveys
36) Indicators of health city
37) Curriculum
38) Comprehensive health care
39) Estimation of vaccine requirement
40) Educational objectives
41) Functions of a municipal corporation
42) Continuing medical education program
43) Health hazards of Nuclear war
44) Biological warfare and consequent health problems (2007)

26. Old questions

Main Questions 20 marks

1) Extension education and its role in family welfare program Clinical vis-a-vis
extension approach Discuss. (1986)
2) Discuss the epidemiology of STDs in India.
3) Discuss the role of social obstetrician in community health.
4) What are the drugs available to the multipurpose health workers in your state?
Discuss, with rationale, any changes youi would advocate in the pharmaceutical
armamentarium at a sub centre.
5) Public Health future challenges
6) Critically review the achievements and failures of the health sector during the
post national health policy period.
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7) What are the Sexually Transmitted Diseases of Public health importance?

Describe the control strategies of STDs at a PHC level.
8) Recent advances in the epidemiology of infectious diseases.
9) Discuss the influence of Bhore committee report on health care planning in
India.
10) Prepare a detailed plan to eradicate leprosy afflicting school children in a
primary health centre area in your state.
11) What is simulation model? Discuss its use in the study of the dynamics of
bacterial diseases.
12) Define still birth and discuss its epidemiology.
13) Explain the meaning and importance of monitoring of a health program.
Describe the commonly used methods of monitoring.
14) Discuss the factors which determine a disease to be considered for control,
effective control and eradication by the GOI and WHO
15) Discuss the merits and demerits of Infant milk substitutes, bottle feeding and
Infant foods
16) Discuss the evaluation of family planning program in the district
17) Community participation is the key to the success of any health program. Justify
this statement with suitable examples
18) What is social pediatrics? Discuss the prevention, control and management of
Small for date babies
19) Discuss the role of regionalization of health services in organizing community
health
20) Compare the global patterns of health care found in various nations. Mention the
merits and de-merits of the Indian pattern.
21) Discuss the domiciliary care being practiced in rural India. (1988)
22) What measures do you plan for workers of lead industries in view to prevent
health hazards?
23) Describe the effects of atomic radiations on the body. (1983)
24) Discuss the population growth in India and the impact of family planning
program in the recent years (1982)
25) Explain the features of a common source epidemic giving suitable examples.
Outline the steps involved in the investigation of an epidemic.
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26) Integration of modern medicine with indigenous medicine is the need of the
hour critically analyze this statement, bringing out clearly the advantages and
disadvantages of such integration
27) Discuss the role of genetics in human development
28) Describe the history of development of social medicine. Mention the social
factors responsible for the origin and spread of mycobacterial diseases
29) Discuss the concepts and application of management and administrative
techniques in public health practice with special reference to network analysis.
30) Discuss the biological features, ecological relationship and mass control aspects
of soil transmitted infections in man.
31) Describe briefly the meaning of the term Risk factor. Enlist the common risk
factors associated with pregnancy outcome. Discuss the essential steps taken
to operationalize high risk approach in MCH services.

Short Questions 10 marks

32) K. A. P studies
33) Meningococcal meningitis
34) Improvident maternity
35) Practice of At-risk approach by a general practitioner
36) Prioritization of health problems
37) Health problems of agricultural workers
38) Privatization of tertiary medical care in India.
39) National policy on child labour
40) Objective method of evaluation of practical examination
41) Meat Hygiene
42) Food hygiene
43) Folic acid
44) Health team approach
45) I. C. R. C bacillus
46) Population education
47) Briefly comment on the statement: there will be no disease by the year 2000
(1991)
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48) Medical education of today is not tuned to train the doctors in the community
comment (1991)
49) Untrained midwife (1987)
50) Revised minimum needs program (1987)
51) Girl child
52) Detection of cervical cancer
53) Accident proneness (1983)
54) Vitamin A (1983)
55) Acclimatization (1983)
56) Genetic factors in mental retardation (1982)
57) Secular trends in disease prevalence (1982)
58) Bio assay (1982)
59) Work study techniques in health field (1982)
60) Peoples role in health manpower development (1982)
61) Reference protein
62) P trap
63) Community health centre
64) Difference between a health centre and a hospital
65) Health education v/s health legislation(1984)
66) Monkey pox in the context of small pox eradication(1984)
67) Working child in India (1984)
68) Rib of statistics in medical research