WE

ARE

EVERYWHERE
A Historical Sourcebook of Gay and Lesbian Politics

Edited by

MARK BLASIUS and SHANE PHELAN

Routledge
New York London
CONTENTS

Acknowledgments
Introduction

PART I: PRE-HISTORY OF A GAY AND LESBIAN MOVEMENT

A. ENLIGHTENMENT BACKGROUNDS
9 Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brede et de Montesquieu,
"Of the Crime Against Nature," from The Spirit of the Laws (1754)
10 Cesare Bonesana, Marchese di Beccaria, "Crimes Difficult To Prove,"
from On Crimes and Punishments (1764)
12 Voltaire (Francois-Marie Arouet), "The Love Called 'Socratic,'"
from the Philosophical Dictionary (1764)
13 Sir William Blackstone, from Commentaries on the Laws of England
Book IV, Chapter 15 (1769)
15 Jeremy Bentham, from "Offenses Against Oneself: Paederasty" (ca. 1785)
32 Jeremy Bentham, from "Offenses Against Taste" (1814-16)

B. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION: SEXUAL LIBERATION AND POLITICAL SPEECH

37 Anonymous, "Les Petits Bougres au Manege, or The Little Bugger-go-Round"
(1790)
40 Charles, Marquis de Villette, "The Children of Sodom Before the National
Assembly, or Delegation of the Order of the Cuff Before the Representatives of all
Other Orders of All Sixty Districts of Paris and Versailles" (1790)
44 Anonymous, "Liberty, or Miss Raucour" (1791)
48 Comte Donatien-Alphonse-Francois, Marquis de Sade,
from "Dialogue the Fifth" from Philosophy in the Bedroom (1795)
50 Comte Donatien-Alphonse-Francois, Marquis de Sade, "Yet Another Effort,
Frenchmen, If You Would Become Republicans" from Philosophy in the
Bedroom (1795)

PART II: THE BEGINNINGS OF A GAY AND LESBIAN MOVEMENT

A. THE THIRD SEX THEORY AND THE CREATION OF POLITICAL SUBJECTS

63 Paragraph 175 of the German Imperial Penal Code
63 Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, "Araxes" (1870)
65 Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, from Critical Arrow (1879)

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 67 Karoly Maria (Kertbeny) Benkert, from "An Open Letter to the Prussian
Minister of Justice" (1869)
79 Walt Whitman, from "Democratic Vistas" (1871)
82 Walt Whitman, from the Preface to Leaves of Grass (1876)
84 Sir Richard Francis Burton, from the "Terminal Essay" of The Book of the
Thousand Nights and a Night (1886)
91 John Addington Symonds, from "A Problem in Modern Ethics" (1891)
111 From the trial of Oscar Wilde (1895)
114 Edward Carpenter, from The Intermediate Sex (1894-1907)

B. THE EMERGENCE OF A GAY AND LESBIAN POLITICAL CULTURE IN GERMANY

1. THE SCIENTIFIC-HUMANITARIAN COMMITTEE

135 Magnus Hirschfeld, "Petition to the Reichstag" (1897)
138 Scientific-Humanitarian Committee, "The Social Problem of
Sexual Inversion" (1903)
143 Anna Rueling, "What Interest Does the Women's Movement Have in the
Homosexual Question?" (1904)
2. CULTURAL CRITIQUE: THE COMMUNITY OF THE SPECIAL
152 Benedict Friedlander, from "Memoir for the Friends and Contributors of the
Scientific-Humanitarian Committee in the Name of the Secession of the
Scientific-Humanitarian Committee" (1907)
161 Benedict Friedlander, "Seven Propositions" (1908)
163 Adolf Brand, from "What We Want" (1925)
3. LEGAL REFORM: KURT HILLER AND THE ACTION COMMITTEE
170 Kurt Hiller, "Declaration of the Action Committee for the Repeal of
Paragraph 175" (1921)
172 Kurt Hiller, from "On the State of the Struggle: Brash Thoughts" (1923)
4. COMBINING POLITICAL AND CULTURAL WORK: THE LEAGUE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
175 Friedrich Radszuweit, "Penal Law Reform" (1931)
176 Friedrich Radszuweit, "Paragraph 175 as the Focus of Political Struggle"
178 Paragraph 175 (Nazi version) (1935)

C. BRITAIN AND FRANCE

179 The British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology (1914)
186 F. W. Stella Browne, from "The Sexual Variety and Variability Among Women
and their Bearing upon Social Reconstruction" (1915)
189 F. W. Stella Browne, from "Studies in Feminine Inversion" (1923)
191 Natalie Clifford Barney, "Predestined for Free Choice" (1910)
194 Selections from Inversions (1925)

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D. FROM LIBERALISM TO THE NEW SOCIAL RELATIONS OF SOVIET SOCIALISM
199 V. V. Rozanov, from People of the Moonlight (1911)
214 Great Soviet Encyclopedia, "Homosexuality" (1930,1951), with fragments of
speeches by Maxim Gorky (1934) and N. V. Krylenko (1936)

E. SUBCULTURE, CENSORSHIP, AND CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE UNITED STATES

218 The Well of Loneliness: People v. Friede (1929)
220 Parisex (Henry Gerber), "In Defense of Homosexuality" (1932)
228 New York City Police Report, "Commercialized Amusement" (1928)
229 The San Francisco Spokesman, "Prejudice Against Homosexuals" (1932)
230 Robert Duncan, "The Homosexual in Society" (1944)
233 James Baldwin, from "Preservation of Innocence" (1949)

PART III: THE HOMOPHILE MOVEMENT 1950-1969

A. CONTEXT
241 U.S. Senate, "Employment of Homosexuals and Other Sex Perverts in the
U.S. Government" (1950)
252 The U.K. Parliamentary Committee on Homosexuality and Prostitution, from
the Wolfenden Report (1957)
274 ACLU, "Homosexuality and Civil Liberties" (1957)
275 Donald Webster Cory, "The Society We Envisage," Chapter 21 of
The Homosexual in America (1951)

B. THE MATTACHINE SOCIETY

283 Mattachine Foundation/Mattachine Society, Mission Statement and
Membership Pledge (1951)
285 Ken Burns, "The Homosexual Faces a Challenge" (1956)
290 Anonymous, "An Open Letter to Senator Dirksen" (1955)
292 Ward Summer, "On the Bisexuality of Man" (1955)
293 MacKinneth Fingal, "The Homosexual Veteran" (1955)
296 James (Barr) Fugate, "A Homosexual Looks at the Child Molester" (1956)
299 Robert Anton Wilson, "Sexual Freedom: Why it is Feared" (1962)
302 R. E. L. Masters, "Sex Offenses: An Obsolete Concept" (1962)
306 Franklin Kameny, Letter to Members of the U.S. House of Representatives
(1962)

C. ONE
309 ONE, Statement of Beliefs and Purposes (1953)
310 Dale Jennings, "To Be Accused, is to Be Guilty" (1953)

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 312 David Freeman, "The Homosexual Culture" (1953)
315 Jeff Winters, "A Frank Look at the Mattachine: Can Homosexuals Organize?"
(1954)
319 Mattachine Newsletter, "Preamble to Constitution Changed Over
Objection of Some Members" (1953)
320 Lyn Pederson (Jim Kepner), "The Importance of Being Different" (1954)
323 Hollister Barnes (Dorr Legg), "I Am Glad I Am a Homosexual" (1958)

D. DAUGHTERS OF BILITIS
328 Daughters of Bilitis, "Statement of Purpose" (1955)
328 Anonymous, "What About the DOB?" (1959)
331 Dorothy L. (Del) Martin, "The Homosexual Vote" (1962)
332 Anonymous, "The Philosophy of DOB: The Evolution of an Idea" (1963)
335 Franklin Kameny, "Does Research into Homosexuality Matter?" (1965)
339 Leo Ebreo, "A Homosexual Ghetto?" (1965)
343 Shirley Wilier, "What Concrete Steps Can Be Taken to Further the
Homophile Movement?" (1966)
346 Dorothy L. (Del) Martin, "The Lesbian's Other Identity" (1968)
347 Rita Laporte, "Of What Use is NACHO?" (1969)
349 Wilda Chase, "Lesbianism and Feminism" (1969)
352 Dorothy L. (Del) Martin, "If That's All There Is" (1970)
355 Rita Laporte, "The Butch/Femme Question" (1971)
364 Anita Cornwell, "From a Soul Sister's Notebook" (1972)

366 Franklin Kameny, "Gay is Good" (1969)

PART IV: GAY LIBERATION AND LESBIAN-FEMINISM

380 Carl Wittman, "A Gay Manifesto" (1969-1970)
389 The Red Butterfly, "Comments on Carl Wittman's 'A Gay Manifesto'" (1970)
391 Martha Shelley, "Gay is Good" (1970)
394 Chicago Gay Liberation Front, "A Leaflet for the American Medical
Association" (1970)
396 Radicalesbians, "The Woman-Identified Woman" (1970)
400 Third World Gay Revolution, "The Oppressed Shall Not Become the
Oppressor" (1970)
402 Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention, "Statement of the Male
Homosexual Workshop" and "Demands of the Lesbian Workshop" (1970)
404 Huey Newton, "A Letter from Huey to the Revolutionary Brothers and Sisters
About the Women's Liberation and Gay Liberation Movements" (1970)

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406 "Letter From Cuban Gay People to the North American Gay Liberation
Movement" (1970)
408 Cuban First National Congress on Education and Culture, "Declaration"
(1971)
409 Responses by Gay Liberation Party and the Gay Committee of Returned
Brigadistas (1971)
411 Venceremos Brigade, "Policy on Gay Recruitment" (1972)
412 Guy Hocquenghem, "Capitalism, the Family, and the Anus" (1972)
420 Charlotte Bunch, "Lesbians in Revolt" (1972)
424 Robin Morgan, "Lesbianism and Feminism: Synonyms or Contradictions?"
(1973)
435 Steven Dansky, John Knoebel, and Kenneth Pitchford,
"The Effeminist Manifesto" (1973)
438 Mario Mieli, "The Gay Revolutionary Project" (1977)
443 Martin Duberman, "The Anita Bryant Brigade" (1977)
450 Harvey Milk, "The Hope Speech" (1978)
454 Michel Foucault, "Questions for Michel Foucault" (1978)
459 North American Man-Boy Love Association, "The Case for Abolishing the
Age of Consent Laws" (1980)
468 National Organization for Women, "Resolution on Lesbian and Gay
Rights" (1980)
469 OIKABETH, Lambda Homosexual Liberation Group, and Homosexual
Revolutionary Action Front (Mexico), "Message From Mexico:
Questions for Cuba" (1980)
472 Audre Lorde, "I Am Your Sister: Black Women Organizing Across
Sexualities"(1980)
476 Vickie M. Mays, "I Hear Voices But See No Faces: Reflections on Racism and
Woman-Identified Relationships of Afro-American Women" (1981)
481 Irena Klepfisz, "Anti-Semitism in the Lesbian/Feminist Movement" (1981)
485 Michael Denneny, "Gay Politics: Sixteen Propositions" (1981)
498 Marilyn Frye, "Lesbian Feminism and the Gay Rights Movement" (1981)
511 John Preston, "Goodbye to Sally Gerhart" (1981)
521 Pat Califia, "Feminism and Sadomasochism" (1981)
529 Dennis Altman, "Sex: The New Front Line for Gay Politics" (1982)
535 Sarah Lucia Hoagland, "Sadism, Masochism, and Lesbian-Feminism" (1982)
542 Joan Nestle, "The Fern Question" (1982)
549 J. R.G. DeMarco, "Gay Racism" (1982)
555 James S. Tinney, Ph.D., "Why a Black Gay Church?" (1986)

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 PART V: THE GAY AND LESBIAN POLITICS OF AIDS
563 Richard Berkowitz and Michael Callen, with Richard Dworkin,
"We Know Who We Are" (1982)
571 Richard Berkowitz and Michael Callen, "How to Have Sex in an Epidemic"
(1983)
574 Lawrence Mass, M.D., from "Blood and Politics" (1983)
577 Larry Kramer, "1,112 and Counting" (1983)
587 Peg Byron, "AIDS and the Gay Men's Health Crisis of New York" (1983)
593 People With AIDS/ARC, "The Denver Principles" (1983)
595 Coalition for Sexual Responsibility, "Interim Report" (1985)
601 Larry Kramer, "An Open Letter to Richard Dunne and GMHC" (1987)
609 Larry Kramer, "The Beginning of ACTing UP" (1987)
615 Martin Delaney, "Staying Alive: Making the Ultimate Political Statement"
(1989)
619 Positively Healthy News, "Positively Healthy" (1989)
"STOP THE CHURCH" (1989):
622 ACT UP and WHAM, "Action Update," "Letter to Parishioners of St.
Patrick's Cathedral," post-action Position Statement, and Media
Report
627 Coalition for Lesbian and Gay Rights, Statement
629 Gay Men's Health Crisis, "Statement on Action at St. Patrick's Cathedral"
629 Courage, "Support Your Church!!"
631 Tom Shultz, "Stop the Church"
633 Neil M. Broome, "Re: Cathedral Protest"

634 Majority Action Committee, Statement

635 Latino/a AIDS Activists of ACT UP, "Silence=Death"
636 Caucus of Asian and Pacific Islander AIDS Activists, "Manifesto"
638 Maxine Wolfe, "AIDS and Politics: Transformation of Our Movement" (1989)
642 Mark Harrington, "Let My People In" (1990)
644 Donna Minkowitz, "ACT UP at a Crossroads" (1990)
652 Eric E. Rofes, "Gay Lib vs. AIDS: Averting Civil War in the 1990s" (1990)
659 Daniel Defert, "The Homosexualization of AIDS" (1990)
664 Bombay Dost, Charter and Editorial (1991)
666 Julian Jayaseelan, "Seven Days and Five Nights in
Kuala Lumpur" (1993)
668 Amber Hollibaugh, "Lesbian Leadership and Lesbian Denial in the
AIDS Epidemic" (1993)

678 Rethinking AIDS, "It's Time to Re-Evaluate the HIV-AIDS Hypothesis" (1992)

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 681 John Lauritsen, from The AIDS War (1993)
688 Charles Ortleb, "Why AIDS is Really AIDSGate" (1993)
691 Jeffrey Schmalz, "Whatever Happened to AIDS?" (1993)
700 Herbert Daniel, "Above All, Life" (1993)
704 Robert E. Penn, "Spiritual Reality and HIV: Reality and Healing" (1994)

PART VI: THE PRESENT MOMENT AND THE FUTURE OF DESIRE

712 Gloria Anzaldua, "Bridge, Drawbridge, Sandbar, or Island" (1988)
723 Wages Due Lesbians, "Out of the Clause, Into the Workhouse" (1988)
736 Hunter Madsen and Marshall Kirk, "Strategy: Persuasion, Not Invasion" (1989)
753 Thomas B. Stoddard, "Why Gay People Should Seek the Right to Marry" (1989)
757 Paula L. Ettelbrick, "Since When Is Marriage a Path To Liberation?" (1989)
761 Mark Chesnut and Simon Nkoli, "Out of South Africa" (1989)
767 Randy Shilts, "Is 'Outing' Gays Ethical?" (1990)
769 Michelangelo Signorile, "Who Should Open the Closet Door?" (1992)
770 Marvin Liebman, "Letter to William F. Buckley" (1990)
773 Anonymous, "Queers Read This"; "I Hate Straights" (1990)
781 Julia Penelope, "Wimmin- and Lesbian-Only Spaces: Thought Into Action"
(1990)
787 Craig Harris, "Celebrating African-American Lesbian and Gay History" (1990)
792 Carla Trujillo, "Chicana Lesbians: Fear and Loathing in the Chicano
Community" (1990)
798 Urvashi Vaid, "Let's Put Our Own House in Order" (1991)
802 Lisa Orlando, "Loving Whom We Choose" (1991)
808 Lesbians for Justice, "Resolution Condemning Discrimination Against and
Exclusion of Transsexual Lesbians Within the Gay and Lesbian Community"
and "An Open Letter to the Organizers of the Michigan Womyn's Music
Festival" (1992)
812 Arnie Kantrowitz, "Letter to the Queer Generation" (1992)
817 Christina Schenck, "Lesbians and Their Emancipation in the Former German
Democratic Republic: Past and Future" (1993)
823 Jomar Fleras, "Reclaiming Our Historic Rights: Gays and Lesbians in the
Philippines" (1993)
834 Micha Ramakers, "The International Lesbian and Gay Association Five Years
Later" (1994)
840 Stonewall 25, "Statement from the International March on the United
Nations to Affirm the Human Rights of Lesbian and Gay People" (1994)

843 Copyright Information

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