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This formula calculates the speed of an instantaneous water hammer wave based on the bulk modulus (K), modulus of elasticity (E), roughness (e), and density of the fluid in the pipe. The speed depends on the material properties of both the fluid and pipe as well as the roughness of the inner pipe surface.
This formula calculates the speed of an instantaneous water hammer wave based on the bulk modulus (K), modulus of elasticity (E), roughness (e), and density of the fluid in the pipe. The speed depends on the material properties of both the fluid and pipe as well as the roughness of the inner pipe surface.
This formula calculates the speed of an instantaneous water hammer wave based on the bulk modulus (K), modulus of elasticity (E), roughness (e), and density of the fluid in the pipe. The speed depends on the material properties of both the fluid and pipe as well as the roughness of the inner pipe surface.