L2

acquisitions Errors
(Noof & Jawaher)
 Second language acquisition:

Language is the method of expressing ideas and emotions in

the form of signs and symbols.
Second language acquisition or SLA is the process of
learning other languages in addition to the native language.

(Singhal, 2102)
Stages of SLA:

I. pre-production : non verbal (no talking only listening)

II. early production: sound experimentation ( key words/ one
word).
III. speech emergence (simple sentences, grammar errors)
IV. intermediate fluency( less grammar errors, nearly a
professional).
V. Advanced fluency ( professional speaker ).

HCT. (2016).
 Source of errors

Interlingual Intralingual
Errors caused by Errors caused by second
transferring rules from language processing in its
mother tongue. own terms.
Phonological (b for p) Substitution
Syntactic Permutation
Semantic Omission
Addition
Intralingual
4 Types of Errors:

Substitution (replacement)
Permutation (incorrect word order)
Omission (leaving out)
Addition (adding to)
Identifying Errors:

Classify Analyze
Collect data
errors source

Quantify
errors Correction
Identify
errors

(Keshavarz, 2012)
Speaking
 Age of student: 7 years old

Language spoken in the Arabic

home:

How long has he been From FS1,2

studying English

Phonics/Letters D- Developing level

Knowledge

Math Skills D- Developing level

Student A: Hamed
Learner preferences Football, Drama, Music
Stage of SLA:
Stage3: Speech emergence
Socio-emotional Happy, Confident.
Student A errors:
 Age of student: 8 years old

Language spoken in the African

home:

How long has he been 3 years

studying English

Phonics/Letters D- developing level

Knowledge

Math Skills E- emerging level

Student B: Dane Learner preferences Going to her friend

house
Stage of SLA: Stage4:
Intermediate fluency Socio-emotional Working alone
 Student B errors:
video

Stage of SLA:
Stage3: Speech Emergence
Practice activities for speaking :

Talk for a Hide and

Flashcard Speak
Minute
Writing
 STAGES OF WRITING:

1.
1. Scribbling
2. Letter-Like Symbols
3. Strings of Letters
4. Beginning Sounds Emerge
5. Consonants Represent Words
6. Initial, Medial and Final Sounds
7. Transitional Phrases
8. Standard Spelling

(UAB, 2015)
 Age of student: 7 years old

Language spoken in the Arabic

home:

How long has he been From FS1,2

studying English

Phonics/Letters E-Emerging level

Knowledge

Math Skills E-Emerging level

Student C : Ibrahim
Learner preferences ICT

Socio-emotional Quiet, Not so confident.

Student C errors:
Sample of
Ibrahims
writing

Stage 8: Standard Spelling

 Age of student: 8 years old

Language spoken in the Arabic

home:

How long has he been 6 years

studying English

Phonics/Letters D- developing level

Knowledge

Math Skills M- mastery level

Student D : Lina
Learner preferences Art Reading

Socio-emotional Helping student

Student D errors:
video
Practice activities for writing :

Writing Fun board and

instructions Brochure pin
Reference:
HCT. (2016). Lecture on Second Language Acquisition: Stages of SLA. Khalifa City,
Abu Dhabi.
Keshavarz, M. (2012).Contrastive Analysis and Error Analysis,(2nd ed.). Tehran:
Rahamana Press.
Haynes, J. (2005). Stages of Second Language Acquisition .Retrieved from
everythingESL: http://www.everythingesl.net/inservices/language_stages.php
Singhal, V. (2102, March 2). Defining Second Language Acquisition. Retrieved
from BRIGHT HUB EDUCATION.
University of Alabama at Birmingham (2015, September). Adapted from the work
of Richard Gentry & the Conventions of Writing Developmental Scale, The Wright
Group. Retrieved from:
https://www.uab.edu/education/studentteaching/images/docs/student/develop
mentalstagesofwriting.pdf